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  • Default value list for pipeline param in Powershell

    - by fatcat1111
    I have a Powershell script that reads values off of the pipeline: PARAM ( [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)] $s ) PROCESS { echo "* $s" } Works just fine: PS my.ps1 foo * foo I would like the script to have list of default values, as the most common usage will always use the same values and storing them in the default will be most convenient. I did the usual assignment: PARAM ( [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)] $s = 'bar' ) PROCESS { echo "* $s" } Again, works just fine: PS my.ps1 * bar PS my.ps1 foo * foo However when setting the default to be a list, I get back something entirely reasonable but not at all what I want: PARAM ( [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)] $s = @('bar', 'bat', 'boy') ) PROCESS { echo "* $s" } Result: PS my.ps1 * bar bat boy I expected: PS my.ps1 * bar * bat * boy How can I get one call in to the Process loop for each default value? (This is somewhat different than getting one call in to Process, and wrapping the current body of in a big foreach loop over $s).

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  • C++ Static array vs. Dynamic array?

    - by user69514
    What is the difference between a static array and a dynamic array in C++? I have to do an assignment for my class and it says not to use static arrays, only dynamic arrays. I've looked in the book and online, but I don't seem to understand. I thought static was created at compile time and dynamic at runtime, but I might be mistaken this with memory allocation. Can you explain to me the difference between static array and dynamic array in C++? Thnaks.

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  • What does the symbol :=: mean

    - by Dan Maguire
    I've found the symbol :=: in some Clarion code and I can't seem to figure out exactly what it does. The code was written by a previous developer many years ago, so I can't ask him. I also have not been able to find any results for "colon equals colon" in Google. Here is an example of the code, where bufSlcdpaDtl is a file object: lCCRecord Like(bufSlcdpaDtl),Pre(lCCRecord) ! ...other stuff... lCCRecord :=: bufSlcdpaDtl I'm wondering if it's something similar to ::= in Python or possibly the assignment operator :=.

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  • Practical differences between classes and structs in .net (not conceptual)?

    - by Gulshan
    Whenever I tried to search about differences between classes and structs in C# or .net, I ended up with the conceptual overview of the two things like value type or the reference type, where the variables are allocated etc. But I need some practical differences. I have found some like different behavior of assignment operator, having constructors etc. Can anybody provide some more practical differences which will be directly useful while coding? Like the things works with one but not with other or same operation showing different behavior. And some common mistakes regarding these two. Also please suggest where to consider using a struct instead of a class. And where the structs should not be used.

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  • VS C++ throwing divide by zero exception after a specific check

    - by Dr. Monkey
    In the following C++ code, it should be impossible for ain integer division by zero to occur: // gradedUnits and totalGrades are both of type int if (gradedUnits == 0) { return 0; } else { return totalGrades/gradedUnits; //call stack points to this line } however Visual Studio is popping up this error: Unhandled exception at 0x001712c0 in DSA_asgn1.exe: 0xC0000094: Integer division by zero. And the stack trace points to the line indicated in the code. It seems like VS might just do this with any integer division, without checking whether a divide by zero is possible. Do I need to catch this exception even though the code should never be able to throw it? If so, what's the best way to go about this? This is for an assignment that specifies VS 2005/2008 with C++. I would prefer not to make things more complicated than I need to, but at the same time I like to do things properly where possible.

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  • c# copy constructor generator

    - by Shawn Mclean
    I want to copy values from one object to another object. Something similiar to pass by value but with assignment. Eg. PushPin newValPushPin = oldPushPin; //I want to break the reference here. I was told to write a copy constructor for this. But this class has alot of properties, it will probably take an hour to write a copy constructor by hand. Is there a better way to assign an object to another object by value? If not, is there a copy constructor generator?

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  • Python nested function scopes

    - by Thomas O
    I have code like this: def write_postcodes(self): """Write postcodes database. Write data to file pointer. Data is ordered. Initially index pages are written, grouping postcodes by the first three characters, allowing for faster searching.""" status("POSTCODE", "Preparing to sort...", 0, 1) # This function returns the key of x whilst updating the displayed # status of the sort. ctr = 0 def keyfunc(x): ctr += 1 status("POSTCODE", "Sorting postcodes", ctr, len(self.postcodes)) return x sort_res = self.postcodes[:] sort_res.sort(key=keyfunc) But ctr responds with a NameError: Traceback (most recent call last): File "PostcodeWriter.py", line 53, in <module> w.write_postcodes() File "PostcodeWriter.py", line 47, in write_postcodes sort_res.sort(key=keyfunc) File "PostcodeWriter.py", line 43, in keyfunc ctr += 1 UnboundLocalError: local variable 'ctr' referenced before assignment How can I fix this? I thought nester scopes would have allowed me to do this. I've tried with 'global', but it still doesn't work.

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  • Is this an example of polymorphism?

    - by computer-science-student
    I'm working on a homework assignment (a project), for which one criterion is that I must make use of polymorphism in a way which noticeably improves the overall quality or functionality of my code. I made a Hash Table which looks like this: public class HashTable<E extends Hashable>{ ... } where Hashable is an interface I made that has a hash() function. I know that using generics this way improves the quality of my code, since now HashTable can work with pretty much any type I want (instead of just ints or Strings for example). But I'm not sure if it demonstrates polymorphism. I think it does, because E can be any type that implements Hashable. In other words HashTable is a class which can work with (practically) any type. But I'm not quite sure - is that polymorphism? Perhaps can I get some clarification as to what exactly polymorphism is? Thanks in advance!

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  • Conversion of pointer-to-pointer between derived and base classes?

    - by Mike Mueller
    Regarding the following C++ program: class Base { }; class Child : public Base { }; int main() { // Normal: using child as base is allowed Child *c = new Child(); Base *b = c; // Double pointers: apparently can't use Child** as Base** Child **cc = &c; Base **bb = cc; return 0; } GCC produces the following error on the last assignment statement: error: invalid conversion from ‘Child**’ to ‘Base**’ My question is in two parts: Why is there no implicit conversion from Child** to Base**? I can make this example work with a C-style cast or a reinterpret_cast. Using these casts means throwing away all type safety. Is there anything I can add to the class definitions to make these pointers cast implicitly, or at least phrase the conversion in a way that allows me to use static_cast instead?

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  • Session caching problem

    - by Levani
    I have a strange problem with php sessions. I use them for authorization on my site. I store two variables - currently logged in user's id and username in session. When I log in with one username, than log out and log in again with another username the previous user's id is returned using the session variable instead of the current user. The most strange thing is that this happens only when it comes to insert some data into database. When I directly echo this variable the correct id is displayed, but when I insert new record into database this variable sends incorrect id. Here is the php code I use for sending data into database: <?php session_start(); //connect database require_once 'dbc.php'; $authorID = $_SESSION['user_id']; if ( $authorID != 0 ) { $content = htmlentities($_POST["answ_content"],ENT_COMPAT,'UTF-8'); $dro = date('Y-m-d H:i:s'); $qID = $_POST["question_ID"]; $author = 'avtori'; $sql="INSERT INTO comments (comment_ID, comment_post_ID, comment_author, comment_date, comment_content, user_id) VALUES (NULL, '$qID', '$author', '$dro', '$content', '$authorID')"; $result = mysql_query($sql); } else { echo 'error'; } ?> Can anyone please help? Here is the logout function: function logout() { global $db; session_start(); if(isset($_SESSION['user_id']) || isset($_COOKIE['user_id'])) { mysql_query("update `users` set `ckey`= '', `ctime`= '' where `id`='$_SESSION[user_id]' OR `id` = '$_COOKIE[user_id]'") or die(mysql_error()); } /************ Delete the sessions****************/ unset($_SESSION['user_id']); unset($_SESSION['user_name']); unset($_SESSION['user_level']); unset($_SESSION['HTTP_USER_AGENT']); session_unset(); session_destroy(); /* Delete the cookies*******************/ setcookie("user_id", '', time()-60*60*24*COOKIE_TIME_OUT, "/"); setcookie("user_name", '', time()-60*60*24*COOKIE_TIME_OUT, "/"); setcookie("user_key", '', time()-60*60*24*COOKIE_TIME_OUT, "/"); header("Location: index.php"); } Here is the authentication script: include 'dbc.php'; $err = array(); foreach($_GET as $key => $value) { $get[$key] = filter($value); //get variables are filtered. } if ($_POST['doLogin']=='Login') { foreach($_POST as $key => $value) { $data[$key] = filter($value); // post variables are filtered } $user_email = $data['usr_email']; $pass = $data['pwd']; if (strpos($user_email,'@') === false) { $user_cond = "user_name='$user_email'"; } else { $user_cond = "user_email='$user_email'"; } $result = mysql_query("SELECT `id`,`pwd`,`full_name`,`approved`,`user_level` FROM users WHERE $user_cond AND `banned` = '0' ") or die (mysql_error()); $num = mysql_num_rows($result); // Match row found with more than 1 results - the user is authenticated. if ( $num > 0 ) { list($id,$pwd,$full_name,$approved,$user_level) = mysql_fetch_row($result); if(!$approved) { //$msg = urlencode("Account not activated. Please check your email for activation code"); $err[] = "Account not activated. Please check your email for activation code"; //header("Location: login.php?msg=$msg"); //exit(); } //check against salt if ($pwd === PwdHash($pass,substr($pwd,0,9))) { // this sets session and logs user in session_start(); session_regenerate_id (true); //prevent against session fixation attacks. // this sets variables in the session $_SESSION['user_id']= $id; $_SESSION['user_name'] = $full_name; $_SESSION['user_level'] = $user_level; $_SESSION['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] = md5($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']); //update the timestamp and key for cookie $stamp = time(); $ckey = GenKey(); mysql_query("update users set `ctime`='$stamp', `ckey` = '$ckey' where id='$id'") or die(mysql_error()); //set a cookie if(isset($_POST['remember'])){ setcookie("user_id", $_SESSION['user_id'], time()+60*60*24*COOKIE_TIME_OUT, "/"); setcookie("user_key", sha1($ckey), time()+60*60*24*COOKIE_TIME_OUT, "/"); setcookie("user_name",$_SESSION['user_name'], time()+60*60*24*COOKIE_TIME_OUT, "/"); } if(empty($err)){ header("Location: myaccount.php"); } } else { //$msg = urlencode("Invalid Login. Please try again with correct user email and password. "); $err[] = "Invalid Login. Please try again with correct user email and password."; //header("Location: login.php?msg=$msg"); } } else { $err[] = "Error - Invalid login. No such user exists"; } }

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  • Riddle: Spot the serious bug in this bubble sort implementation

    - by ripper234
    (No, this isn't a homework assignment, I just found the bug and thought it might be useful to share it here) import java.util.List; public class BubbleSorter { public <T extends Comparable<T>> void sort(List<T> list) { while (true) { boolean didWork = false; for (int i = 0; i < list.size() - 1; ++i) { if (list.get(i).compareTo(list.get(i + 1)) > 0) { swap(list, i, i + 1); didWork = true; break; } } if (!didWork) return; } } private static <T> void swap(List<T> list, int i, int j) { T tmp = list.get(i); list.set(i, list.get(j)); list.set(j, tmp); } }

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  • [Java] - Problem having my main thread sleeping

    - by Chris
    I'm in a Java class and our assignment is to let us explore threads in Java. So far so good except for this one this one problem. And I believe that could be because of my lack of understanding how Java threads work at the moment. I have the main thread of execution which spawns new threads. In the main thread of execution in main() I am calling Thread.sleep(). When I do I get an Unhandled exception type InterruptedException. I am unsure of why I am getting this? I thought this was because I needed a reference to the main thread so I went ahead and made a reference to it via Thread.currentThread(). Is this not the way to have the thread sleep? What I need to do is have the main thread wait/sleep/delay till it does it required work again. Any help would be much appreciated.

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  • Why aren't these shared_ptrs pointing to the same container?

    - by BeeBand
    I have a class Model: class Model { ... boost::shared_ptr<Deck> _deck; boost::shared_ptr<CardStack> _stack[22]; }; Deck inherits from CardStack. I tried to make _stack[0] point to the same thing that _deck points to by going: { _deck = boost::shared_ptr<Deck>(new Deck()); _stack[0] = _deck; } It seems that the assignment to _deck of _stack[0] results in a copy of _deck being made. How can I get them to point to the same thing?

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  • compiling cocos3d 0.7.2 with Xcode5 error

    - by jimmy
    I tried to compile my cocos3d 0.7.2 project with xcode5. I am already stuck at the first error I get with the line “super.parent = aNode;” in CC3ParametricMeshNodes.m. this line is in the setParent function: -(void) setParent: (CC3Node*) aNode { super.parent = aNode; [self deriveNameFrom: aNode]; if ( !mesh ) self.box = self.parentBoundingBox; } and the error I get is: CC3ParametricMeshNodes.m:246:15: Assignment to readonly property I am sure that there will be other errors after this one is fixed. Is there any topic on common errors that occur while compiling cocos3d 0.7.2 with Xcode5? Thanks

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  • How to change the value of None in Python?

    - by michael
    I'm currently reading chapter 5.8 of Dive Into Python and Mark Pilgrim says: There are no constants in Python. Everything can be changed if you try hard enough. This fits with one of the core principles of Python: bad behavior should be discouraged but not banned. If you really want to change the value of None, you can do it, but don't come running to me when your code is impossible to debug. I tried this in the interpreter None = "bad" I get a SyntaxError: assignment to None Just out of curiosity how do you change None?

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  • Dynamic scoping in Clojure?

    - by j-g-faustus
    Hi, I'm looking for an idiomatic way to get dynamically scoped variables in Clojure (or a similar effect) for use in templates and such. Here is an example problem using a lookup table to translate tag attributes from some non-HTML format to HTML, where the table needs access to a set of variables supplied from elsewhere: (def *attr-table* ; Key: [attr-key tag-name] or [boolean-function] ; Value: [attr-key attr-value] (empty array to ignore) ; Context: Variables "tagname", "akey", "aval" '( ; translate :LINK attribute in <a> to :href [:LINK "a"] [:href aval] ; translate :LINK attribute in <img> to :src [:LINK "img"] [:src aval] ; throw exception if :LINK attribute in any other tag [:LINK] (throw (RuntimeException. (str "No match for " tagname))) ; ... more rules ; ignore string keys, used for internal bookkeeping [(string? akey)] [] )) ; ignore I want to be able to evaluate the rules (left hand side) as well as the result (right hand side), and need some way to put the variables in scope at the location where the table is evaluated. I also want to keep the lookup and evaluation logic independent of any particular table or set of variables. I suppose there are similar issues involved in templates (for example for dynamic HTML), where you don't want to rewrite the template processing logic every time someone puts a new variable in a template. Here is one approach using global variables and bindings. I have included some logic for the table lookup: ;; Generic code, works with any table on the same format. (defn rule-match? [rule-val test-val] "true if a single rule matches a single argument value" (cond (not (coll? rule-val)) (= rule-val test-val) ; plain value (list? rule-val) (eval rule-val) ; function call :else false )) (defn rule-lookup [test-val rule-table] "looks up rule match for test-val. Returns result or nil." (loop [rules (partition 2 rule-table)] (when-not (empty? rules) (let [[select result] (first rules)] (if (every? #(boolean %) (map rule-match? select test-val)) (eval result) ; evaluate and return result (recur (rest rules)) ))))) ;; Code specific to *attr-table* (def tagname) ; need these globals for the binding in html-attr (def akey) (def aval) (defn html-attr [tagname h-attr] "converts to html attributes" (apply hash-map (flatten (map (fn [[k v :as kv]] (binding [tagname tagname akey k aval v] (or (rule-lookup [k tagname] *attr-table*) kv))) h-attr )))) (defn test-attr [] "test conversion" (prn "a" (html-attr "a" {:LINK "www.google.com" "internal" 42 :title "A link" })) (prn "img" (html-attr "img" {:LINK "logo.png" }))) user=> (test-attr) "a" {:href "www.google.com", :title "A link"} "img" {:src "logo.png"} This is nice in that the lookup logic is independent of the table, so it can be reused with other tables and different variables. (Plus of course that the general table approach is about a quarter of the size of the code I had when I did the translations "by hand" in a giant cond.) It is not so nice in that I need to declare every variable as a global for the binding to work. Here is another approach using a "semi-macro", a function with a syntax-quoted return value, that doesn't need globals: (defn attr-table [tagname akey aval] `( [:LINK "a"] [:href ~aval] [:LINK "img"] [:src ~aval] [:LINK] (throw (RuntimeException. (str "No match for " tagname))) ; ... more rules [(string? ~akey)] [] ))) Only a couple of changes are needed to the rest of the code: In rule-match?, when syntax-quoted the function call is no longer a list: - (list? rule-val) (eval rule-val) + (seq? rule-val) (eval rule-val) In html-attr: - (binding [tagname tagname akey k aval v] - (or (rule-lookup [k tagname] *attr-table*) kv))) + (or (rule-lookup [k tagname] (attr-table tagname k v)) kv))) And we get the same result without globals. (And without dynamic scoping.) Are there other alternatives to pass along sets of variable bindings declared elsewhere, without the globals required by Clojure's binding? Is there an idiomatic way of doing it, like Ruby's binding or Javascript's function.apply(context)?

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  • Why is Read-Modify-Write necessary for registers on embedded systems?

    - by Adam Shiemke
    I was reading http://embeddedgurus.com/embedded-bridge/2010/03/different-bit-types-in-different-registers/, which said: With read/write bits, firmware sets and clears bits when needed. It typically first reads the register, modifies the desired bit, then writes the modified value back out and I have run into that consrtuct while maintaining some production code coded by old salt embedded guys here. I don't understand why this is necessary. When I want to set/clear a bit, I always just or/nand with a bitmask. To my mind, this solves any threadsafe problems, since I assume setting (either by assignment or oring with a mask) a register only takes one cycle. On the other hand, if you first read the register, then modify, then write, an interrupt happening between the read and write may result in writing an old value to the register. So why read-modify-write? Is it still necessary?

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  • How do I check the validity of the Canadian Social Insurance Number in C#?

    - by user518307
    I've been given the assignment to write an algorithm in C# that checks the validity of a Canadian Social Insurance Number (SIN). Here are the steps to validate a SIN. Given an example Number: 123 456 782 Remove the check digit (the last digit): 123456782 Extract the even digits (2,4,6,8th digith): 12345678 Double them: 2 4 6 8 | | | | v v v v 4 8 12 16 Add the digits together: 4+8+1+2+1+6 = 22 Add the Odd placed digits: 1+3+5+7 = 16 Total : 38 Validity Algorithm If the total is a multiple of 10, the check digit should be zero. Otherwise, Subtract the Total from the next highest multiple of 10 (40 in this case) The check digit for this SIN must be equal to the difference of the number and the totals from earlier (in this case, 40-38 = 2; check digit is 2, so the number is valid) I'm lost on how to actually implement this in C#, how do I do this?

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  • Comparing COUNT values within a query?

    - by outsyncof
    I have the following tables in a relation: person(ssn,sex) employment(ssn,workweeksperyear) assume ssn is a key. My assignment was to do this: Given as input the number of weeks per year a person has worked, determine whether there are more males than females who work more weeks than the input value. SELECT COUNT(sex) AS NumMales FROM person WHERE sex = 'Male' AND ssn IN (SELECT ssn FROM employment WHERE workweeksperyear > 48); The above query gets me the number of males for an input value and I could do the same for number of females but how do I compare the 2 results? Any help will be greatly appreciated!

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  • What project management methodology to use to develop new software internally?

    - by Setareh
    As part of my assignment I have to answer this question: The Sales Department has decided to develop new software internally. They will thus need to manage the IT project formally. Briefly describe two suitable project management methodologies models that could be used. I'm quite confused by the amount of methodologies. I Thought maybe PMBOK and SCRUM might be the best but still not sure if they are the ones for developing software internally. or whether they work for small projects, for instance. The thing about PRINCE2 is that is very comprehensive and seems to suit the large projects, however I read that it also suits to small projects as well. Any suggestions, which project management methodologies models to use for developing new software internally? What would be two suitable project management methodologies models?

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  • Is there a redmine plugin to create multiple issues at once?

    - by Jerph
    Redmine has a nice batch edit feature, but nothing equivalent for "batch create" (please correct me if I'm wrong!) FogBugz lets you quickly create multiple tickets with the same properties (type, status, assignment, etc.) via a ajax-ified text box at the bottom of any filtered view of tickets. Tickets created this way match the values of the filter (and the filter grouping value - there's a text-box at the bottom of each group). Toodledo has simpler option: it's "Add multiple tasks" feature is a textarea where each line is turned into an item. Is there a redmine plugin out there that adds functionality like either of the above?

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  • type of an array

    - by Tim
    Hi, when I need to pass an array to a function, it seems all the following declarations of the function will work void f(int arr[]) void f(int arr[4]) // is this one correct? for this: int a[]={1,2,3,4}; f(a); But when I assign an array to another array, it fails int a[]={1,2,3,4}; int b[4] = a; // error: array must be initialized with a brace-enclosed initializer So why an array passed as an argument of a function is okay, but used on the rhs of simple assignment is wrong? Thanks!

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  • Equivalence Classes

    - by orcik
    I need to write a program for equivalence classes and get this outputs... (equiv '((a b) (a c) (d e) (e f) (c g) (g h))) => ((a b c g h) (d e f)) (equiv '((a b) (c d) (e f) (f g) (a e))) => ((a b e f g) (c d)) Basically, A set is a list in which the order doesn't matter, but elements don't appear more than once. The function should accept a list of pairs (elements which are related according to some equivalence relation), and return a set of equivalence classes without using iteration or assignment statements (e.g. do, set!, etc.). However, set utilities such as set-intersection, set-union and a function which eliminates duplicates in a list and built-in functions union, intersection, and remove-duplicates are allowed. Thanks a lot! By the way, It's not a homework question. A friend of mine need this piece of code to solve smilar questions.

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  • Can't add domain users to Reporting Services 2008

    - by Jeremy
    I have SSRS 2008 setup on the database server. The server is part of the domain. Reporting Services is running under NetworkService. When I try to add a domain user using the web interface (Site Settings -- Security -- New Role Assignment), the page posts back but the user is not in the list. The server's log file contains the following Unhandled Exception: ui!ReportManager_0-1!954!01/12/2009-10:14:52:: Unhandled exception: System.Security.Principal.IdentityNotMappedException: Some or all identity references could not be translated. at System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier.Translate(IdentityReferenceCollection sourceSids, Type targetType, Boolean forceSuccess) at System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier.Translate(Type targetType) at System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity.GetName() at System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity.get_Name() at ReportingServicesHttpRuntime.RsWorkerRequest.GetServerVariable(String name) at System.Web.Security.WindowsAuthenticationModule.OnEnter(Object source, EventArgs eventArgs) at System.Web.HttpApplication.SyncEventExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) Any one have an idea on how to fix this?

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  • How do I implement a fibonacci sequence in java using try/catch logic?

    - by Lars Flyger
    I know how to do it using simple recursion, but in order to complete this particular assignment I need to be able to accumulate on the stack and throw an exception that holds the answer in it. So far I have: public static int fibo(int index) { int sum = 0; try { fibo_aux(index, 1, 1); } catch (IntegerException me) { sum = me.getIntValue(); } return sum; } fibo_aux is supposed to throw an IntegerException (which holds the value of the answer that is retireved via getIntValue) and accumulates the answer on the stack, but so far I can't figure it out. Can anyone help?

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