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• Running 32 bit assembly code on a 64 bit Linux & 64 bit Processor : Expalin the anomaly.

  - by claws

  Hello, I'm in an interesting problem.I forgot I'm using 64bit machine & OS and wrote a 32 bit assembly code. I don't know how to write 64 bit code. This is the x86 32-bit assembly code for Gnu Assembler (AT&T syntax) on Linux. #include <asm/unistd.h> #include <syscall.h> #define STDOUT 1 .data hellostr: .ascii "hello wolrd\n"; helloend: .text .globl _start _start: movl $(SYS_write) , %eax //ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count); movl $(STDOUT) , %ebx movl $hellostr , %ecx movl $(helloend-hellostr) , %edx int $0x80 movl $(SYS_exit), %eax //void _exit(int status); xorl %ebx, %ebx int $0x80 ret Now, This code should run fine on a 32bit processor & 32 bit OS right? As we know 64 bit processors are backward compatible with 32 bit processors. So, that also wouldn't be a problem. The problem arises because of differences in system calls & call mechanism in 64-bit OS & 32-bit OS. I don't know why but they changed the system call numbers between 32-bit linux & 64-bit linux. asm/unistd_32.h defines: #define __NR_write 4 #define __NR_exit 1 asm/unistd_64.h defines: #define __NR_write 1 #define __NR_exit 60 Anyway using Macros instead of direct numbers is paid off. Its ensuring correct system call numbers. when I assemble & link & run the program. Its not printing helloworld. In gdb its showing: Program exited with code 01. I don't know how to debug in gdb. using tutorial I tried to debug it and execute instruction by instruction checking registers at each step. its always showing me "program exited with 01". It would be great if some on could show me how to debug this. (gdb) break _start Note: breakpoint -10 also set at pc 0x4000b0. Breakpoint 8 at 0x4000b0 (gdb) start Function "main" not defined. Make breakpoint pending on future shared library load? (y or [n]) y Temporary breakpoint 9 (main) pending. Starting program: /home/claws/helloworld Program exited with code 01. (gdb) info breakpoints Num Type Disp Enb Address What 8 breakpoint keep y 0x00000000004000b0 <_start> 9 breakpoint del y <PENDING> main I tried running strace. This is its output: execve("./helloworld", ["./helloworld"], [/* 39 vars */]) = 0 write(0, NULL, 12 <unfinished ... exit status 1> Explain the parameters of write(0, NULL, 12) system call in the output of strace? What exactly is happening? I want to know the reason why exactly its exiting with exitstatus=1? Can some one please show me how to debug this program using gdb? Why did they change the system call numbers? Change this program appropriately so that it can run correctly on this machine.

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• Issue with multipart/form-data

  - by kbrin80

  I am not able to get values from both files and text input in a servlet when my form includes multipart/form-data. I am using the apache.commons.fileuploads for help with the uploads. Any suggestions. Also in the code below there are some things that I feel should be more efficient. Is there a better way to store these multiple files in a db. public void performTask(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) { boolean promo = false; Database db = new Database(); Homepage hp = db.getHomePageContents(); String part = ParamUtils.getStringParameter(request, "part", ""); if(part.equals("verbage")) { String txtcontent = (String)request.getParameter("txtcontent"); String promoheader = (String)request.getParameter("promoheader"); String promosubheader = (String)request.getParameter("promosubheader"); hp.setBodyText(txtcontent); hp.setPromoHeader(promoheader); hp.setPromoSubHeader(promosubheader); System.err.println(txtcontent); } else { boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request); if (!isMultipart) { } else { FileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); List items = null; try { items = upload.parseRequest(request); //System.err.print(items); } catch (FileUploadException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } Iterator itr = items.iterator(); while (itr.hasNext()) { FileItem item = (FileItem) itr.next(); if(item.getFieldName().equals("mainimg1")) { if(item.getName() !="") hp.setMainImg1(item.getName()); } if(item.getFieldName().equals("mainimg2")) { if(item.getName() !="") hp.setMainImg2(item.getName()); } if(item.getFieldName().equals("mainimg3")) { if(item.getName() !="") hp.setMainImg3(item.getName()); } if(item.getFieldName().equals("promoimg1")) { promo = true; if(item.getName() !="") { hp.setPromoImg1(item.getName()); try { File savedFile = new File("/Library/resin-4.0.1/webapps/ROOT/images/promoImg1.jpg"); item.write(savedFile); //System.err.print(items); } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(e.getMessage()); } } } if(item.getFieldName().equals("promoimg2")) { if(item.getName() !="") { hp.setPromoImg2(item.getName()); try { File savedFile = new File("/Library/resin-4.0.1/webapps/ROOT/images/promoImg2.jpg"); item.write(savedFile); //System.err.print(items); } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(e.getMessage()); } } } if(item.getFieldName().equals("promoimg3")) { if(item.getName() !="") { hp.setPromoImg3(item.getName()); try { File savedFile = new File("/Library/resin-4.0.1/webapps/ROOT/images/promoImg3.jpg"); item.write(savedFile); //System.err.print(items); } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(e.getMessage()); } } } System.err.println("FNAME =" + item.getFieldName() + " : " + item.getName()); if (item.isFormField()) { } else { try { if(!promo) { String itemName = item.getName(); File savedFile = new File("/Library/resin-4.0.1/webapps/ROOT/images/"+itemName); item.write(savedFile); } //System.err.print(items); } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(e.getMessage()); } } } } } db.updateHomePageContent(hp);

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• Receiving POST data in ASP.NET

  - by grast

  Hi, I want to use ASP for code generation in a C# desktop application. To achieve this, I set up a simple host (derived from System.MarshalByRefObject) that processes a System.Web.Hosting.SimpleWorkerRequest via HttpRuntime.ProcessRequest. This processes the ASPX script specified by the incoming request (using System.Net.HttpListener to wait for requests). The client-part is represented by a System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker that builds the System.Net.HttpWebRequest and receives the response from the server. A simplified version of my client-part-code looks like this: private void SendRequest(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e) { // create request with GET parameter var uri = "http://localhost:9876/test.aspx?getTest=321"; var request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri); // append POST parameter request.Method = "POST"; request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"; var postData = Encoding.Default.GetBytes("postTest=654"); var postDataStream = request.GetRequestStream(); postDataStream.Write(postData, 0, postData.Length); // send request, wait for response and store/print content using (var response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse()) { using (var reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8)) { _processsedContent = reader.ReadToEnd(); Debug.Print(_processsedContent); } } } My server-part-code looks like this (without exception-handling etc.): public void ProcessRequests() { // HttpListener at http://localhost:9876/ var listener = SetupListener(); // SimpleHost created by ApplicationHost.CreateApplicationHost var host = SetupHost(); while (_running) { var context = listener.GetContext(); using (var writer = new StreamWriter(context.Response.OutputStream)) { // process ASP script and send response back to client host.ProcessRequest(GetPage(context), GetQuery(context), writer); } context.Response.Close(); } } So far all this works fine as long as I just use GET parameters. But when it comes to receiving POST data in my ASPX script I run into trouble. For testing I use the following script: // GET parameters are working: var getTest = Request.QueryString["getTest"]; Response.Write("getTest: " + getTest); // prints "getTest: 321" // don't know how to access POST parameters: var postTest1 = Request.Form["postTest"]; // Request.Form is empty?! Response.Write("postTest1: " + postTest1); // so this prints "postTest1: " var postTest2 = Request.Params["postTest"]; // Request.Params is empty?! Response.Write("postTest2: " + postTest2); // so this prints "postTest2: " It seems that the System.Web.HttpRequest object I'm dealing with in ASP does not contain any information about my POST parameter "postTest". I inspected it in debug mode and none of the members did contain neither the parameter-name "postTest" nor the parameter-value "654". I also tried the BinaryRead method of Request, but unfortunately it is empty. This corresponds to Request.InputStream==null and Request.ContentLength==0. And to make things really confusing the Request.HttpMethod member is set to "GET"?! To isolate the problem I tested the code by using a PHP script instead of the ASPX script. This is very simple: print_r($_GET); // prints all GET variables print_r($_POST); // prints all POST variables And the result is: Array ( [getTest] = 321 ) Array ( [postTest] = 654 ) So with the PHP script it works, I can access the POST data. Why does the ASPX script don't? What am I doing wrong? Is there a special accessor or method in the Response object? Can anyone give a hint or even know how to solve this? Thanks in advance.

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• Why can't Java servlet sent out an object ?

  - by Frank

  I use the following method to send out an object from a servlet : public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { String Full_URL=request.getRequestURL().append("?"+request.getQueryString()).toString(); String Contact_Id=request.getParameter("Contact_Id"); String Time_Stamp=Get_Date_Format(6),query="select from "+Contact_Info_Entry.class.getName()+" where Contact_Id == '"+Contact_Id+"' order by Contact_Id desc"; PersistenceManager pm=null; try { pm=PMF.get().getPersistenceManager(); // note that this returns a list, there could be multiple, DataStore does not ensure uniqueness for non-primary key fields List<Contact_Info_Entry> results=(List<Contact_Info_Entry>)pm.newQuery(query).execute(); Write_Serialized_XML(response.getOutputStream(),results.get(0)); } catch (Exception e) { Send_Email(Email_From,Email_To,"Check_License_Servlet Error [ "+Time_Stamp+" ]",new Text(e.toString()+"\n"+Get_Stack_Trace(e)),null); } finally { pm.close(); } } /** Writes the object and CLOSES the stream. Uses the persistance delegate registered in this class. * @param os The stream to write to. * @param o The object to be serialized. */ public static void writeXMLObject(OutputStream os,Object o) { // Classloader reference must be set since netBeans uses another class loader to loead the bean wich will fail in some circumstances. ClassLoader oldClassLoader=Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(Check_License_Servlet.class.getClassLoader()); XMLEncoder encoder=new XMLEncoder(os); encoder.setExceptionListener(new ExceptionListener() { public void exceptionThrown(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }}); encoder.writeObject(o); encoder.flush(); encoder.close(); Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(oldClassLoader); } private static ByteArrayOutputStream writeOutputStream=new ByteArrayOutputStream(16384); /** Writes an object to XML. * @param out The boject out to write to. [ Will not be closed. ] * @param o The object to write. */ public static synchronized void writeAsXML(ObjectOutput out,Object o) throws IOException { writeOutputStream.reset(); writeXMLObject(writeOutputStream,o); byte[] Bt_1=writeOutputStream.toByteArray(); byte[] Bt_2=new Des_Encrypter().encrypt(Bt_1,Key); out.writeInt(Bt_2.length); out.write(Bt_2); out.flush(); out.close(); } public static synchronized void Write_Serialized_XML(OutputStream Output_Stream,Object o) throws IOException { writeAsXML(new ObjectOutputStream(Output_Stream),o); } At the receiving end the code look like this : File_Url="http://"+Site_Url+App_Dir+File_Name; try { Contact_Info_Entry Online_Contact_Entry=(Contact_Info_Entry)Read_Serialized_XML(new URL(File_Url)); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } private static byte[] readBuf=new byte[16384]; public static synchronized Object readAsXML(ObjectInput in) throws IOException { // Classloader reference must be set since netBeans uses another class loader to load the bean which will fail under some circumstances. ClassLoader oldClassLoader=Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(Tool_Lib_Simple.class.getClassLoader()); int length=in.readInt(); readBuf=new byte[length]; in.readFully(readBuf,0,length); byte Bt[]=new Des_Encrypter().decrypt(readBuf,Key); XMLDecoder dec=new XMLDecoder(new ByteArrayInputStream(Bt,0,Bt.length)); Object o=dec.readObject(); Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(oldClassLoader); in.close(); return o; } public static synchronized Object Read_Serialized_XML(URL File_Url) throws IOException { return readAsXML(new ObjectInputStream(File_Url.openStream())); } But I can't get the object from the Java app that's on the receiving end, why ? The error messages look like this : java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: PayPal_Monitor.Contact_Info_Entry Continuing ... java.lang.NullPointerException: target should not be null Continuing ... java.lang.NullPointerException: target should not be null Continuing ... java.lang.NullPointerException: target should not be null Continuing ...

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• c# send recive object over network?

  - by Data-Base

  Hello, I'm working on a server/client project the client will be asking the server for info and the server will send them back to the client the info may be string,number, array, list, arraylist or any other object I found allot of examples but I faced issues!!!! the solution I found so far is to serialize the object (data) and send it then de-serialize it to process here is the server code public void RunServer(string SrvIP,int SrvPort) { try { var ipAd = IPAddress.Parse(SrvIP); /* Initializes the Listener */ if (ipAd != null) { var myList = new TcpListener(ipAd, SrvPort); /* Start Listeneting at the specified port */ myList.Start(); Console.WriteLine("The server is running at port "+SrvPort+"..."); Console.WriteLine("The local End point is :" + myList.LocalEndpoint); Console.WriteLine("Waiting for a connection....."); while (true) { Socket s = myList.AcceptSocket(); Console.WriteLine("Connection accepted from " + s.RemoteEndPoint); var b = new byte[100]; int k = s.Receive(b); Console.WriteLine("Recieved..."); for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) Console.Write(Convert.ToChar(b[i])); string cmd = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(b); if (cmd.Contains("CLOSE-CONNECTION")) break; var asen = new ASCIIEncoding(); // sending text s.Send(asen.GetBytes("The string was received by the server.")); // the line bove to be modified to send serialized object? Console.WriteLine("\nSent Acknowledgement"); s.Close(); Console.ReadLine(); } /* clean up */ myList.Stop(); } } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("Error..... " + e.StackTrace); } } here is the client code that should return an object public object runClient(string SrvIP, int SrvPort) { object obj = null; try { var tcpclnt = new TcpClient(); Console.WriteLine("Connecting....."); tcpclnt.Connect(SrvIP, SrvPort); // use the ipaddress as in the server program Console.WriteLine("Connected"); Console.Write("Enter the string to be transmitted : "); var str = Console.ReadLine(); Stream stm = tcpclnt.GetStream(); var asen = new ASCIIEncoding(); if (str != null) { var ba = asen.GetBytes(str); Console.WriteLine("Transmitting....."); stm.Write(ba, 0, ba.Length); } var bb = new byte[2000]; var k = stm.Read(bb, 0, bb.Length); string data = null; for (var i = 0; i < k; i++) Console.Write(Convert.ToChar(bb[i])); //convert to object code ?????? Console.ReadLine(); tcpclnt.Close(); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("Error..... " + e.StackTrace); } return obj; } I need to know a good serialize/serialize and how to integrate it into the solution above :-( I would be really thankful for any help cheers

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• Where should I create my DbCommand instances?

  - by Domenic

  I seemingly have two choices: Make my class implement IDisposable. Create my DbCommand instances as private readonly fields, and in the constructor, add the parameters that they use. Whenever I want to write to the database, bind to these parameters (reusing the same command instances), set the Connection and Transaction properties, then call ExecuteNonQuery. In the Dispose method, call Dispose on each of these fields. Each time I want to write to the database, write using(var cmd = new DbCommand("...", connection, transaction)) around the usage of the command, and add parameters and bind to them every time as well, before calling ExecuteNonQuery. I assume I don't need a new command for each query, just a new command for each time I open the database (right?). Both of these seem somewhat inelegant and possibly incorrect. For #1, it is annoying for my users that I this class is now IDisposable just because I have used a few DbCommands (which should be an implementation detail that they don't care about). I also am somewhat suspicious that keeping a DbCommand instance around might inadvertently lock the database or something? For #2, it feels like I'm doing a lot of work (in terms of .NET objects) each time I want to write to the database, especially with the parameter-adding. It seems like I create the same object every time, which just feels like bad practice. For reference, here is my current code, using #1: using System; using System.Net; using System.Data.SQLite; public class Class1 : IDisposable { private readonly SQLiteCommand updateCookie = new SQLiteCommand("UPDATE moz_cookies SET value = @value, expiry = @expiry, isSecure = @isSecure, isHttpOnly = @isHttpOnly WHERE name = @name AND host = @host AND path = @path"); public Class1() { this.updateCookie.Parameters.AddRange(new[] { new SQLiteParameter("@name"), new SQLiteParameter("@value"), new SQLiteParameter("@host"), new SQLiteParameter("@path"), new SQLiteParameter("@expiry"), new SQLiteParameter("@isSecure"), new SQLiteParameter("@isHttpOnly") }); } private static void BindDbCommandToMozillaCookie(DbCommand command, Cookie cookie) { long expiresSeconds = (long)cookie.Expires.TotalSeconds; command.Parameters["@name"].Value = cookie.Name; command.Parameters["@value"].Value = cookie.Value; command.Parameters["@host"].Value = cookie.Domain; command.Parameters["@path"].Value = cookie.Path; command.Parameters["@expiry"].Value = expiresSeconds; command.Parameters["@isSecure"].Value = cookie.Secure; command.Parameters["@isHttpOnly"].Value = cookie.HttpOnly; } public void WriteCurrentCookiesToMozillaBasedBrowserSqlite(string databaseFilename) { using (SQLiteConnection connection = new SQLiteConnection("Data Source=" + databaseFilename)) { connection.Open(); using (SQLiteTransaction transaction = connection.BeginTransaction()) { this.updateCookie.Connection = connection; this.updateCookie.Transaction = transaction; foreach (Cookie cookie in SomeOtherClass.GetCookieArray()) { Class1.BindDbCommandToMozillaCookie(this.updateCookie, cookie); this.updateCookie.ExecuteNonQuery(); } transaction.Commit(); } } } #region IDisposable implementation protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (!this.disposed && disposing) { this.updateCookie.Dispose(); } this.disposed = true; } public void Dispose() { this.Dispose(true); GC.SuppressFinalize(this); } ~Class1() { this.Dispose(false); } private bool disposed; #endregion }

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• Data munging and data import scripting

  - by morpheous

  I need to write some scripts to carry out some tasks on my server (running Ubuntu server 8.04 TLS). The tasks are to be run periodically, so I will be running the scripts as cron jobs. I have divided the tasks into "group A" and "group B" - because (in my mind at least), they are a bit different. Task Group A import data from a file and possibly reformat it - by reformatting, I mean doing things like santizing the data, possibly normalizing it and or running calculations on 'columns' of the data Import the munged data into a database. For now, I am mostly using mySQL for the vast majority of imports - although some files will be imported into a sqlLite database. Note: The files will be mostly text files, although some of the files are in a binary format (my own proprietary format, written by a C++ application I developed). Task Group B Extract data from the database Perform calculations on the data and either insert or update tables in the database. My coding experience is is primarily as a C/C++ developer, although I have been using PHP as well for the last 2 years or so. I am from a windows background so I am still finding my feet in the linux environment. My question is this - I need to write scripts to perform the tasks I described above. Although I suppose I could write a few C++ applications to be used in the shell scripts, I think it may be better to write them in a scripting language (maybe this is a flawed assumption?). My thinking is that it would be easier to modify thins in a script - no need to rebuild etc for changes to functionality. Additionally, C++ data munging in C++ tends to involve more lines of code than "natural" scripting languages such as Perl, Python etc. Assuming that the majority of people on here agree that scripting is the way to go, herein lies my dilema. Which scripting language to use to perform the tasks above (giving my background). My gut instinct tells me that Perl (shudder) would be the most obvious choice for performing all of the above tasks. BUT (and that is a big BUT). The mere mention of Perl makes my toes curl, as I had a very, very bag experience with it a while back. The syntax seems quite unnatural to me - despite how many times I have tried to learn it - so if possible, I would really like to give it a miss. PHP (which I already know), also am not sure is a good candidate for scripting on the CLI (I have not seen many examples on how to do this etc - so I may be wrong). The last thing I must mention is that IF I have to learn a new language in order to do this, I cannot afford (time constraint) to spend more than a day, in learning the key commands/features required in order to do this (I can always learn the details of the language later, once I have actually deployed the scripts). So, which scripting language would you recommend (PHP, Python, Perl, [insert your favorite here]) - and most importantly WHY?. Or, should I just stick to writing little C++ applications that I call in a shell script?. Lastly, if you have suggested a scripting language, can you please show with a FEW lines (Perl mongers - I'm looking in your direction [nothing to cryptic!] ;) ) how I can use the language you suggested to do what I want to do. Hopefully, the lines you present will convince me that it can be done easily and elegantly in the language you suggested.

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• How to reduce virtual memory by optimising my PHP code?

  - by iCeR

  My current code (see below) uses 147MB of virtual memory! My provider has allocated 100MB by default and the process is killed once run, causing an internal error. The code is utilising curl multi and must be able to loop with more than 150 iterations whilst still minimizing the virtual memory. The code below is only set at 150 iterations and still causes the internal server error. At 90 iterations the issue does not occur. How can I adjust my code to lower the resource use / virtual memory? Thanks! <?php function udate($format, $utimestamp = null) { if ($utimestamp === null) $utimestamp = microtime(true); $timestamp = floor($utimestamp); $milliseconds = round(($utimestamp - $timestamp) * 1000); return date(preg_replace('`(?<!\\\\)u`', $milliseconds, $format), $timestamp); } $url = 'https://www.testdomain.com/'; $curl_arr = array(); $master = curl_multi_init(); for($i=0; $i<150; $i++) { $curl_arr[$i] = curl_init(); curl_setopt($curl_arr[$i], CURLOPT_URL, $url); curl_setopt($curl_arr[$i], CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); curl_setopt($curl_arr[$i], CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, FALSE); curl_setopt($curl_arr[$i], CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE); curl_multi_add_handle($master, $curl_arr[$i]); } do { curl_multi_exec($master,$running); } while($running > 0); for($i=0; $i<150; $i++) { $results = curl_multi_getcontent ($curl_arr[$i]); $results = explode("<br>", $results); echo $results[0]; echo "<br>"; echo $results[1]; echo "<br>"; echo udate('H:i:s:u'); echo "<br><br>"; usleep(100000); } ?> Processor Information Total processors: 8 Processor #1 Vendor GenuineIntel Name Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5405 @ 2.00GHz Speed 1995.120 MHz Cache 6144 KB Processor #2 Vendor GenuineIntel Name Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5405 @ 2.00GHz Speed 1995.120 MHz Cache 6144 KB Processor #3 Vendor GenuineIntel Name Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5405 @ 2.00GHz Speed 1995.120 MHz Cache 6144 KB Processor #4 Vendor GenuineIntel Name Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5405 @ 2.00GHz Speed 1995.120 MHz Cache 6144 KB Processor #5 Vendor GenuineIntel Name Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5405 @ 2.00GHz Speed 1995.120 MHz Cache 6144 KB Processor #6 Vendor GenuineIntel Name Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5405 @ 2.00GHz Speed 1995.120 MHz Cache 6144 KB Processor #7 Vendor GenuineIntel Name Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5405 @ 2.00GHz Speed 1995.120 MHz Cache 6144 KB Processor #8 Vendor GenuineIntel Name Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5405 @ 2.00GHz Speed 1995.120 MHz Cache 6144 KB Memory Information Memory for crash kernel (0x0 to 0x0) notwithin permissible range Memory: 8302344k/9175040k available (2176k kernel code, 80272k reserved, 901k data, 228k init, 7466304k highmem) System Information Linux server3.server.com 2.6.18-194.17.1.el5PAE #1 SMP Wed Sep 29 13:31:51 EDT 2010 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux Physical Disks SCSI device sda: 1952448512 512-byte hdwr sectors (999654 MB) sda: Write Protect is off sda: Mode Sense: 03 00 00 08 SCSI device sda: drive cache: write back SCSI device sda: 1952448512 512-byte hdwr sectors (999654 MB) sda: Write Protect is off sda: Mode Sense: 03 00 00 08 SCSI device sda: drive cache: write back sd 0:1:0:0: Attached scsi disk sda sd 4:0:0:0: Attached scsi removable disk sdb sd 0:1:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg4 type 0 sd 4:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg7 type 0 Current Memory Usage total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 8306672 7847384 459288 0 487912 6444548 -/+ buffers/cache: 914924 7391748 Swap: 4095992 496 4095496 Total: 12402664 7847880 4554784 Current Disk Usage Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 898G 307G 546G 36% / /dev/sda1 99M 19M 76M 20% /boot none 4.0G 0 4.0G 0% /dev/shm /var/tmpMnt 4.0G 1.8G 2.0G 48% /tmp

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• Windows DD-esque implementation in Qt 5

  - by user1777667

  I'm trying to get into Qt and as a project I want to try and pull a binary image from a hard drive in Windows. This is what I have: QFile dsk("//./PhysicalDrive1"); dsk.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly); QByteArray readBytes = dsk.read(512); dsk.close(); QFile img("C:/out.bin"); img.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly); img.write(readBytes); img.close(); When I run it, it creates the file, but when I view it in a hex editor, it says: ëR.NTFS ..........ø..?.ÿ.€.......€.€.ÿç......UT..............ö.......ì§á.Íá.`....ú3ÀŽÐ¼.|ûhÀ...hf.ˈ...f.>..NTFSu.´A»ªUÍ.r..ûUªu.÷Á..u.éÝ..ƒì.h..´HŠ...‹ô..Í.ŸƒÄ.žX.rá;...uÛ£..Á.....Z3Û¹. +Èfÿ.......ŽÂÿ...èK.+Èwï¸.»Í.f#Àu-f.ûTCPAu$.ù..r..h.».hp..h..fSfSfU...h¸.fa..Í.3À¿(.¹Ø.üóªé_...f`..f¡..f.....fh....fP.Sh..h..´BŠ.....‹ôÍ.fY[ZfYfY..‚..fÿ.......ŽÂÿ...u¼..faàø.è.. û.è..ôëý´.‹ð¬<.t.´.»..Í.ëòÃ..A disk read error occurred...BOOTMGR is missing...BOOTMGR is compressed...Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to restart...Œ©¾Ö..Uª Is there a better way of doing this? I tried running it as admin, but still no dice. Any help would be much appreciated. Update: I changed the code a bit. Now if I specify a dd images as the input it writes the image perfectly, but when I try to use a disk as the input it only writes 0x00. QTextStream(stdout) << "Start\n"; QFile dsk("//./d:"); //QFile dsk("//./PhysicalDrive1"); //QFile dsk("//?/Device/Harddisk1/Partition0"); //QFile dsk("//./Volume{e988ffc3-3512-11e3-99d8-806e6f6e6963}"); //QFile dsk("//./Volume{04bbc7e2-a450-11e3-a9d9-902b34d5484f}"); //QFile dsk("C:/out_2.bin"); if (!dsk.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) qDebug() << "Failed to open:" << dsk.errorString(); qDebug() << "Size:" << dsk.size() << "\n"; // Blank out image file QFile img(dst); img.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly); img.write(0); img.close(); // Read and write operations while (!dsk.atEnd()) { QByteArray readBytes = dsk.readLine(); qDebug() << "Reading: " << readBytes.size() << "\n"; QFile img(dst); if (!img.open(QIODevice::Append)) qDebug() << "Failed to open:" << img.errorString(); img.write(readBytes); } QTextStream(stdout) << "End\n"; I guess the real problem I'm having is how to open a volume with QFile in Windows. I tried a few variants, but to no avail.

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• Only Execute Code on Certain Requests Java

  - by BillPull

  I am building a little API for class and the teacher supplied us with a link to a tutorial that provided a simple webserver that implements Runnable. I have already written some code that will parse arguments the arguments ( or at least get me the request string ) and some code that will return some simple xml. however I think certain requests like the one for the favicon are sent I think it is messing up my code. I wrapped that in an if else but it does not seem to be working. package server; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.Socket; import java.util.*; import java.io.*; import java.net.*; import parkinglots.*; public class WorkerRunnable implements Runnable{ protected Socket clientSocket = null; protected String serverText = null; public WorkerRunnable(Socket clientSocket, String serverText) { this.clientSocket = clientSocket; this.serverText = serverText; } public Boolean authenticateAPI(String key){ //Authenticate Key against Stored Keys //TODO: Create Stored Keys and Compare return true; } public void run() { try { InputStream input = clientSocket.getInputStream(); OutputStream output = clientSocket.getOutputStream(); long time = System.currentTimeMillis(); //TODO: Parse args and output different formats and Authentication //Parse URL Arguments BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream(), "8859_1")); String request = in.readLine(); //Server gets Favicon Request so skip that and goto args System.out.println(request); if ( request != "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" && request != "GET / HTTP/1.1" && request != null ){ String format = "", apikey =""; System.out.println("I am Here"); String request_location = request.split(" ")[1]; String request_args = request_location.replace("/",""); request_args = request_args.replace("?",""); String[] queries = request_args.split("&"); System.out.println(queries[0]); for ( int i = 0; i < queries.length; i++ ){ if( queries[i] == "format" ){ format = queries[i].split("=")[1]; } else if( queries[i] == "apikey" ){ apikey = queries[i].split("=")[1]; } } if( apikey == "" ){ apikey = "None"; } if( format == "" ){ format = "xml"; } Boolean auth = authenticateAPI(apikey); if ( auth ){ if ( format == "xml"){ // Retrieve XML Document String xml = LotFromDB.getParkingLotXML(); output.write((xml).getBytes()); }else{ //Retrieve JSON String json = LotFromDB.getParkingLotJSON(); output.write((json).getBytes()); } }else{ output.write(("Access Denied - User is Not Authenticated").getBytes()); } }else{ output.write(("Access Denied Must Pass API Key").getBytes()); } output.close(); input.close(); System.out.println("Request processed: " + time); } catch (IOException e) { //report exceptions e.printStackTrace(); } } } Console output I get I am Here format=json Request processed: 1333516648331 GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1 I am Here favicon.ico Request processed: 1333516648332 It always returns the XML as well. This is my first exposure to writing a web server and dealing with networking in Java, which frustrates me a lot in general, So any suggestions here are very appreciated.

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• Solving embarassingly parallel problems using Python multiprocessing

  - by gotgenes

  How does one use multiprocessing to tackle embarrassingly parallel problems? Embarassingly parallel problems typically consist of three basic parts: Read input data (from a file, database, tcp connection, etc.). Run calculations on the input data, where each calculation is independent of any other calculation. Write results of calculations (to a file, database, tcp connection, etc.). We can parallelize the program in two dimensions: Part 2 can run on multiple cores, since each calculation is independent; order of processing doesn't matter. Each part can run independently. Part 1 can place data on an input queue, part 2 can pull data off the input queue and put results onto an output queue, and part 3 can pull results off the output queue and write them out. This seems a most basic pattern in concurrent programming, but I am still lost in trying to solve it, so let's write a canonical example to illustrate how this is done using multiprocessing. Here is the example problem: Given a CSV file with rows of integers as input, compute their sums. Separate the problem into three parts, which can all run in parallel: Process the input file into raw data (lists/iterables of integers) Calculate the sums of the data, in parallel Output the sums Below is traditional, single-process bound Python program which solves these three tasks: #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- # basicsums.py """A program that reads integer values from a CSV file and writes out their sums to another CSV file. """ import csv import optparse import sys def make_cli_parser(): """Make the command line interface parser.""" usage = "\n\n".join(["python %prog INPUT_CSV OUTPUT_CSV", __doc__, """ ARGUMENTS: INPUT_CSV: an input CSV file with rows of numbers OUTPUT_CSV: an output file that will contain the sums\ """]) cli_parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage) return cli_parser def parse_input_csv(csvfile): """Parses the input CSV and yields tuples with the index of the row as the first element, and the integers of the row as the second element. The index is zero-index based. :Parameters: - `csvfile`: a `csv.reader` instance """ for i, row in enumerate(csvfile): row = [int(entry) for entry in row] yield i, row def sum_rows(rows): """Yields a tuple with the index of each input list of integers as the first element, and the sum of the list of integers as the second element. The index is zero-index based. :Parameters: - `rows`: an iterable of tuples, with the index of the original row as the first element, and a list of integers as the second element """ for i, row in rows: yield i, sum(row) def write_results(csvfile, results): """Writes a series of results to an outfile, where the first column is the index of the original row of data, and the second column is the result of the calculation. The index is zero-index based. :Parameters: - `csvfile`: a `csv.writer` instance to which to write results - `results`: an iterable of tuples, with the index (zero-based) of the original row as the first element, and the calculated result from that row as the second element """ for result_row in results: csvfile.writerow(result_row) def main(argv): cli_parser = make_cli_parser() opts, args = cli_parser.parse_args(argv) if len(args) != 2: cli_parser.error("Please provide an input file and output file.") infile = open(args[0]) in_csvfile = csv.reader(infile) outfile = open(args[1], 'w') out_csvfile = csv.writer(outfile) # gets an iterable of rows that's not yet evaluated input_rows = parse_input_csv(in_csvfile) # sends the rows iterable to sum_rows() for results iterable, but # still not evaluated result_rows = sum_rows(input_rows) # finally evaluation takes place as a chain in write_results() write_results(out_csvfile, result_rows) infile.close() outfile.close() if __name__ == '__main__': main(sys.argv[1:]) Let's take this program and rewrite it to use multiprocessing to parallelize the three parts outlined above. Below is a skeleton of this new, parallelized program, that needs to be fleshed out to address the parts in the comments: #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- # multiproc_sums.py """A program that reads integer values from a CSV file and writes out their sums to another CSV file, using multiple processes if desired. """ import csv import multiprocessing import optparse import sys NUM_PROCS = multiprocessing.cpu_count() def make_cli_parser(): """Make the command line interface parser.""" usage = "\n\n".join(["python %prog INPUT_CSV OUTPUT_CSV", __doc__, """ ARGUMENTS: INPUT_CSV: an input CSV file with rows of numbers OUTPUT_CSV: an output file that will contain the sums\ """]) cli_parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage) cli_parser.add_option('-n', '--numprocs', type='int', default=NUM_PROCS, help="Number of processes to launch [DEFAULT: %default]") return cli_parser def main(argv): cli_parser = make_cli_parser() opts, args = cli_parser.parse_args(argv) if len(args) != 2: cli_parser.error("Please provide an input file and output file.") infile = open(args[0]) in_csvfile = csv.reader(infile) outfile = open(args[1], 'w') out_csvfile = csv.writer(outfile) # Parse the input file and add the parsed data to a queue for # processing, possibly chunking to decrease communication between # processes. # Process the parsed data as soon as any (chunks) appear on the # queue, using as many processes as allotted by the user # (opts.numprocs); place results on a queue for output. # # Terminate processes when the parser stops putting data in the # input queue. # Write the results to disk as soon as they appear on the output # queue. # Ensure all child processes have terminated. # Clean up files. infile.close() outfile.close() if __name__ == '__main__': main(sys.argv[1:]) These pieces of code, as well as another piece of code that can generate example CSV files for testing purposes, can be found on github. I would appreciate any insight here as to how you concurrency gurus would approach this problem. Here are some questions I had when thinking about this problem. Bonus points for addressing any/all: Should I have child processes for reading in the data and placing it into the queue, or can the main process do this without blocking until all input is read? Likewise, should I have a child process for writing the results out from the processed queue, or can the main process do this without having to wait for all the results? Should I use a processes pool for the sum operations? If yes, what method do I call on the pool to get it to start processing the results coming into the input queue, without blocking the input and output processes, too? apply_async()? map_async()? imap()? imap_unordered()? Suppose we didn't need to siphon off the input and output queues as data entered them, but could wait until all input was parsed and all results were calculated (e.g., because we know all the input and output will fit in system memory). Should we change the algorithm in any way (e.g., not run any processes concurrently with I/O)?

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• NoClassDefFoundError and Netty

  - by Dmytro Leonenko

  Hi. First to say I'm n00b in Java. I can understand most concepts but in my situation I want somebody to help me. I'm using JBoss Netty to handle simple http request and using MemCachedClient check existence of client ip in memcached. import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandler; import static org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.*; import static org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.Names.*; import static org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.*; import static org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion.*; import com.danga.MemCached.*; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Map.Entry; import java.util.Set; import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffer; import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffers; import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener; import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import org.jboss.netty.channel.ExceptionEvent; import org.jboss.netty.channel.MessageEvent; import org.jboss.netty.channel.SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler; import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.Cookie; import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.CookieDecoder; import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.CookieEncoder; import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpResponse; import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpChunk; import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpChunkTrailer; import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequest; import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponse; import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus; import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.QueryStringDecoder; import org.jboss.netty.util.CharsetUtil; /** * @author <a href="http://www.jboss.org/netty/">The Netty Project</a> * @author Andy Taylor ([email protected]) * @author <a href="http://gleamynode.net/">Trustin Lee</a> * * @version $Rev: 2368 $, $Date: 2010-10-18 17:19:03 +0900 (Mon, 18 Oct 2010) $ */ @SuppressWarnings({"ALL"}) public class HttpRequestHandler extends SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler { private HttpRequest request; private boolean readingChunks; /** Buffer that stores the response content */ private final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(); protected MemCachedClient mcc = new MemCachedClient(); private static SockIOPool poolInstance = null; static { // server list and weights String[] servers = { "lcalhost:11211" }; //Integer[] weights = { 3, 3, 2 }; Integer[] weights = {1}; // grab an instance of our connection pool SockIOPool pool = SockIOPool.getInstance(); // set the servers and the weights pool.setServers(servers); pool.setWeights(weights); // set some basic pool settings // 5 initial, 5 min, and 250 max conns // and set the max idle time for a conn // to 6 hours pool.setInitConn(5); pool.setMinConn(5); pool.setMaxConn(250); pool.setMaxIdle(21600000); //1000 * 60 * 60 * 6 // set the sleep for the maint thread // it will wake up every x seconds and // maintain the pool size pool.setMaintSleep(30); // set some TCP settings // disable nagle // set the read timeout to 3 secs // and don't set a connect timeout pool.setNagle(false); pool.setSocketTO(3000); pool.setSocketConnectTO(0); // initialize the connection pool pool.initialize(); // lets set some compression on for the client // compress anything larger than 64k //mcc.setCompressEnable(true); //mcc.setCompressThreshold(64 * 1024); } @Override public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) throws Exception { HttpRequest request = this.request = (HttpRequest) e.getMessage(); if(mcc.get(request.getHeader("X-Real-Ip")) != null) { HttpResponse response = new DefaultHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, OK); response.setHeader("X-Accel-Redirect", request.getUri()); ctx.getChannel().write(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE); } else { sendError(ctx, NOT_FOUND); } } private void writeResponse(MessageEvent e) { // Decide whether to close the connection or not. boolean keepAlive = isKeepAlive(request); // Build the response object. HttpResponse response = new DefaultHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, OK); response.setContent(ChannelBuffers.copiedBuffer(buf.toString(), CharsetUtil.UTF_8)); response.setHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain; charset=UTF-8"); if (keepAlive) { // Add 'Content-Length' header only for a keep-alive connection. response.setHeader(CONTENT_LENGTH, response.getContent().readableBytes()); } // Encode the cookie. String cookieString = request.getHeader(COOKIE); if (cookieString != null) { CookieDecoder cookieDecoder = new CookieDecoder(); Set<Cookie> cookies = cookieDecoder.decode(cookieString); if(!cookies.isEmpty()) { // Reset the cookies if necessary. CookieEncoder cookieEncoder = new CookieEncoder(true); for (Cookie cookie : cookies) { cookieEncoder.addCookie(cookie); } response.addHeader(SET_COOKIE, cookieEncoder.encode()); } } // Write the response. ChannelFuture future = e.getChannel().write(response); // Close the non-keep-alive connection after the write operation is done. if (!keepAlive) { future.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE); } } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) throws Exception { e.getCause().printStackTrace(); e.getChannel().close(); } private void sendError(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, HttpResponseStatus status) { HttpResponse response = new DefaultHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, status); response.setHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain; charset=UTF-8"); response.setContent(ChannelBuffers.copiedBuffer( "Failure: " + status.toString() + "\r\n", CharsetUtil.UTF_8)); // Close the connection as soon as the error message is sent. ctx.getChannel().write(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE); } } When I try to send request like http://127.0.0.1:8090/1/2/3 I'm getting java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/danga/MemCached/MemCachedClient at httpClientValidator.server.HttpRequestHandler.<clinit>(HttpRequestHandler.java:66) I believe it's not related to classpath. May be it's related to context in which mcc doesn't exist. Any help appreciated EDIT: Original code http://docs.jboss.org/netty/3.2/xref/org/jboss/netty/example/http/snoop/package-summary.html I've modified some parts to fit my needs.

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• Entry lvl. COBOL Control Breaks

  - by Kyle Benzle

  I'm working in COBOL with a double control break to print a hospital record. The input is one record per line, with, hospital info first, then patient info. There are multiple records per hospital, and multiple services per patient. The idea is, using a double control break, to print one hospital name, then all the patients from that hospital. Then print the patient name just once for all services, like the below. I'm having trouble with my output, and am hoping someone can help me get it in order. I am using AccuCobol to compile experts-exchange does not allow .cob and .dat so the extentions were changed to .txt The files are: the .cob lab5b.cob the input / output: lab5bin.dat, lab5bout.dat The assignment: http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~sgomori/314/lab5.html Hospital Number: 001 Hospital Name: Mount Carmel 00001 Griese, Brian Ear Infection 08/24/1999 300.00 Diaper Rash 09/05/1999 25.00 Frontal Labotomy 09/25/1999 25,000.00 Rear Labotomy 09/26/1999 25,000.00 Central Labotomy 09/28/1999 24,999.99 The total amount owed for this patient is: $.......... (End of Hospital) The total amount owed for this hospital is: $......... enter code here IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. PROGRAM-ID. LAB5B. ENVIRONMENT DIVISION. INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION. FILE-CONTROL. SELECT FILE-IN ASSIGN TO 'lab5bin.dat' ORGANIZATION IS LINE SEQUENTIAL. SELECT FILE-OUT ASSIGN TO 'lab5bout.dat' ORGANIZATION IS LINE SEQUENTIAL. DATA DIVISION. FILE SECTION. FD FILE-IN. 01 HOSPITAL-RECORD-IN. 05 HOSPITAL-NUMBER-IN PIC 999. 05 HOSPITAL-NAME-IN PIC X(20). 05 PATIENT-NUMBER-IN PIC 99999. 05 PATIENT-NAME-IN PIC X(20). 05 SERVICE-IN PIC X(30). 05 DATE-IN PIC 9(8). 05 OWED-IN PIC 9(7)V99. FD FILE-OUT. 01 REPORT-REC-OUT PIC X(100). WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 WS-WORK-AREAS. 05 WS-HOLD-HOSPITAL-NUM PIC 999 VALUE ZEROS. 05 WS-HOLD-PATIENT-NUM PIC 99999 VALUE ZEROS. 05 ARE-THERE-MORE-RECORDS PIC XXX VALUE 'YES'. 88 MORE-RECORDS VALUE 'YES'. 88 NO-MORE-RECORDS VALUE 'NO '. 05 FIRST-RECORD PIC XXX VALUE 'YES'. 05 WS-PATIENT-TOTAL PIC 9(9)V99 VALUE ZEROS. 05 WS-HOSPITAL-TOTAL PIC 9(9)V99 VALUE ZEROS. 05 WS-PAGE-CTR PIC 99 VALUE ZEROS. 01 WS-DATE. 05 WS-YR PIC 9999. 05 WS-MO PIC 99. 05 WS-DAY PIC 99. 01 HL-HEADING1. 05 PIC X(49) VALUE SPACES. 05 PIC X(14) VALUE 'OHIO INSURANCE'. 05 PIC X(7) VALUE SPACES. 05 HL-PAGE PIC Z9. 05 PIC X(14) VALUE SPACES. 05 HL-DATE. 10 HL-MO PIC 99. 10 PIC X VALUE '/'. 10 HL-DAY PIC 99. 10 PIC X VALUE '/'. 10 HL-YR PIC X VALUE '/'. 01 HL-HEADING2. 05 PIC XXXXXXXXXX VALUE 'HOSPITAL: '. 05 HL-HOSPITAL PIC 999. 01 HL-HEADING3. 05 PIC X(7) VALUE "Patient". 05 PIC X(3) VALUE SPACES. 05 PIC X(7) VALUE "Patient". 05 PIC X(39) VALUE SPACES. 05 PIC X(7) VALUE "Date of". 05 PIC X(3) VALUE SPACES. 05 PIC X(6) VALUE "Amount". 01 HL-HEADING4. 05 PIC X(6) VALUE "Number". 05 PIC X(4) VALUE SPACES. 05 PIC X(4) VALUE "Name". 05 PIC X(18) VALUE SPACES. 05 PIC X(10) VALUE "Service". 05 PIC X(14) VALUE SPACES. 05 PIC X(8) VALUE "Service". 05 PIC X(2) VALUE SPACES. 05 PIC X(5) VALUE "Owed". 01 DL-PATIENT-LINE. 05 PIC X(28) VALUE SPACES. 05 DL-PATIENT-NUMBER PIC XXXXX. 05 PIC X(21) VALUE SPACES. 05 DL-PATIENT-TOTAL PIC $$$,$$$,$$9.99. 01 DL-HOSPITAL-LINE. 05 PIC X(47) VALUE SPACES. 05 PIC X(16) VALUE 'HOSPITAL TOTAL: '. 05 DL-HOSPITAL-TOTAL PIC $$$,$$$,$$9.99. PROCEDURE DIVISION. 100-MAIN-MODULE. PERFORM 600-INITIALIZATION-RTN PERFORM UNTIL NO-MORE-RECORDS READ FILE-IN AT END MOVE 'NO ' TO ARE-THERE-MORE-RECORDS NOT AT END PERFORM 200-DETAIL-RTN END-READ END-PERFORM PERFORM 400-HOSPITAL-BREAK PERFORM 700-END-OF-JOB-RTN STOP RUN. 200-DETAIL-RTN. EVALUATE TRUE WHEN FIRST-RECORD = 'YES' MOVE PATIENT-NUMBER-IN TO WS-HOLD-PATIENT-NUM MOVE HOSPITAL-NUMBER-IN TO WS-HOLD-HOSPITAL-NUM PERFORM 500-HEADING-RTN MOVE 'NO ' TO FIRST-RECORD WHEN HOSPITAL-NUMBER-IN NOT = WS-HOLD-HOSPITAL-NUM PERFORM 400-HOSPITAL-BREAK WHEN PATIENT-NUMBER-IN NOT = WS-HOLD-PATIENT-NUM PERFORM 300-PATIENT-BREAK END-EVALUATE ADD OWED-IN TO WS-PATIENT-TOTAL. 300-PATIENT-BREAK. MOVE WS-PATIENT-TOTAL TO DL-PATIENT-TOTAL MOVE WS-HOLD-PATIENT-NUM TO DL-PATIENT-NUMBER WRITE REPORT-REC-OUT FROM DL-PATIENT-LINE AFTER ADVANCING 2 LINES ADD WS-PATIENT-TOTAL TO WS-HOSPITAL-TOTAL IF MORE-RECORDS MOVE ZEROS TO WS-PATIENT-TOTAL MOVE PATIENT-NUMBER-IN TO WS-HOLD-PATIENT-NUM END-IF. 400-HOSPITAL-BREAK. PERFORM 300-PATIENT-BREAK MOVE WS-HOSPITAL-TOTAL TO DL-HOSPITAL-TOTAL WRITE REPORT-REC-OUT FROM DL-HOSPITAL-LINE AFTER ADVANCING 2 LINES IF MORE-RECORDS MOVE ZEROS TO WS-HOSPITAL-TOTAL MOVE HOSPITAL-NUMBER-IN TO WS-HOLD-HOSPITAL-NUM PERFORM 500-HEADING-RTN END-IF. 500-HEADING-RTN. ADD 1 TO WS-PAGE-CTR MOVE WS-PAGE-CTR TO HL-PAGE MOVE WS-HOLD-HOSPITAL-NUM TO HL-HOSPITAL WRITE REPORT-REC-OUT FROM HL-HEADING1 AFTER ADVANCING PAGE WRITE REPORT-REC-OUT FROM HL-HEADING2 AFTER ADVANCING 2 LINES. WRITE REPORT-REC-OUT FROM HL-HEADING3 AFTER ADVANCING 2 LINES. 600-INITIALIZATION-RTN. OPEN INPUT FILE-IN OUTPUT FILE-OUT *159 ACCEPT WS-DATE FROM DATE YYYYMMDD MOVE WS-YR TO HL-YR MOVE WS-MO TO HL-MO MOVE WS-DAY TO HL-DAY. 700-END-OF-JOB-RTN. CLOSE FILE-IN FILE-OUT.

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• Trouble passing a template function as an argument to another function in C++

  - by Darel

  Source of the problem -Accelerated C++, problem 8-5 I've written a small program that examines lines of string input, and tallies the number of times a word appears on a given line. The following code accomplishes this: #include <map> #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <list> #include <cctype> #include <iterator> using std::vector; using std::string; using std::cin; using std::cout; using std::endl; using std::getline; using std::istream; using std::string; using std::list; using std::map; using std::isspace; using std::ostream_iterator; using std::allocator; inline void keep_window_open() { cin.clear(); cout << "Please enter EOF to exit\n"; char ch; cin >> ch; return; } template <class Out> void split(const string& s, Out os) { vector<string> ret; typedef string::size_type string_size; string_size i = 0; // invariant: we have processed characters `['original value of `i', `i)' while (i != s.size()) { // ignore leading blanks // invariant: characters in range `['original `i', current `i)' are all spaces while (i != s.size() && isspace(s[i])) ++i; // find end of next word string_size j = i; // invariant: none of the characters in range `['original `j', current `j)' is a space while (j != s.size() && !isspace(s[j])) ++j; // if we found some nonwhitespace characters if (i != j) { // copy from `s' starting at `i' and taking `j' `\-' `i' chars *os++ = (s.substr(i, j - i)); i = j; } } } // find all the lines that refer to each word in the input map<string, vector<int> > xref(istream& in) // works // now try to pass the template function as an argument to function - what do i put for templated type? //map<string, vector<int> > xref(istream& in, void find_words(vector<string, typedef Out) = split) #LINE 1# { string line; int line_number = 0; map<string, vector<int> > ret; // read the next line while (getline(in, line)) { ++line_number; // break the input line into words vector<string> words; // works // #LINE 2# split(line, back_inserter(words)); // #LINE 3# //find_words(line, back_inserter(words)); // #LINE 4# attempting to use find_words as an argument to function // remember that each word occurs on the current line for (vector<string>::const_iterator it = words.begin(); it != words.end(); ++it) ret[*it].push_back(line_number); } return ret; } int main() { cout << endl << "Enter lines of text, followed by EOF (^Z):" << endl; // call `xref' using `split' by default map<string, vector<int> > ret = xref(cin); // write the results for (map<string, vector<int> >::const_iterator it = ret.begin(); it != ret.end(); ++it) { // write the word cout << it->first << " occurs on line(s): "; // followed by one or more line numbers vector<int>::const_iterator line_it = it->second.begin(); cout << *line_it; // write the first line number ++line_it; // write the rest of the line numbers, if any while (line_it != it->second.end()) { cout << ", " << *line_it; ++line_it; } // write a new line to separate each word from the next cout << endl; } keep_window_open(); return 0; } As you can see, the split function is a template function to handle various types of output iterators as desired. My problem comes when I try to generalize the xref function by passing in the templated split function as an argument. I can't seem to get the type correct. So my question is, can you pass a template function to another function as an argument, and if so, do you have to declare all types before passing it? Or can the compiler infer the types from the way the templated function is used in the body? To demonstrate the errors I get, comment out the existing xref function header, and uncomment the alternate header I'm trying to get working (just below the following commment line.) Also comment the lines tagged LINE 2 and LINE 3 and uncomment LINE 4, which is attempting to use the argument find_words (which defaults to split.) Thanks for any feedback!

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• Session Report: What’s New in JSF: A Complete Tour of JSF 2.2

  - by Janice J. Heiss

  On Wednesday, Ed Burns, Consulting Staff Member at Oracle, presented a session, CON3870 -- “What’s New in JSF: A Complete Tour of JSF 2.2,” in which he provided an update on recent developments in JavaServer Faces 2.2. He began by emphasizing that, “JavaServer Faces 2.2 continues the evolution of the Java EE standard user interface technology. Like previous releases, this iteration is very community-driven and transparent.” He pointed out that since JSF was introduced at the 2001 JavaOne Keynote, it has had a long and successful run and has found a home in applications where the UI logic resides entirely on the server where the model and UI logic is. In such cases, the browser performs fairly simple functions. However, developers can take advantage of the power of browsers, something that Project Avatar is focused on by letting developers author their applications so the UI logic is running on the client and communicating to the back end via RESTful web services. “Most importantly,” remarked Burns, “JSF 2.2 offers a really good migration path because even in the scope of one application you could have an app written with JSF that has its UI logic on the server and, on a gradual basis, you could migrate parts of the app over to use client-side technologies. This can be done at any level of granularity – per page or per collection of pages. It all depends on what you want to do.” His presentation, which focused on the basic new features of JSF 2.2, began by restating the scope of JSF and encouraged attendees to check out Roger Kitain’s session: CON5133 “Techniques for Responsive Real-Time Web UIs.” Burns explained that JSF has endured because, “We still need web apps that are maintainable, localizable, quick to build, accessible, secure, look great and are fun to use.” It is used on every continent – the curious can go here to check out where its unofficial usage is tracked. He emphasized the significance of the UI logic being substantially on the server. This: Separates Component Semantics from Rendering, Allows components to “own” their little patch of the UI -- encode/decode, And offers a well-defined lifecycle: Inversion of Control. Burns reminded attendees that JSR-344, the spec for JSF 2.2, is now on Java Community Process 2.8, a revised version of the JCP that allows for more openness and transparency. He then offered some tools for community access to JSF 2.2:    * Public java.net projects spec http://jsf-spec.java.net/ impl http://jsf.java.net/ Open Source: GPL+Classpath Exception    * Mailing Lists [email protected]                                Public readable archive, JSPA signed member read/write [email protected]                                     Public readable archive, any java.net member read/write                         All mail sent to jsr344-experts is sent to users. * Issue Tracker spec http://jsf-spec.java.net/issues/ impl http://jsf.java.net/issues/ JSF 2.2, which is JSR 344, has a Public Review Draft planned by December 2012 with no need for a Renewal Ballot. The Early Draft Review of JSR 344 was published on December 8, 2011. Interested developers are encouraged to offer their input. Six Big Ticket Features of JSF 2.2 Burns summarized the six big ticket features of JSF 2.2:* HTML5 Friendly Markup Support Pass through attributes and elements * Faces Flows* Cross Site Request Forgery Protection* Loading Facelets via ResourceHandler* File Upload Component* Multi-Templating He explained that he called it “HTML 5 friendly” because there is really nothing HTML 5 specific about it -- it could be 4. But it enables developers to use new elements that are present in HTML5 without having a JSF component library that is written to take advantage of those specifically. It gives the page author the ability to use plain HTML5 to write their page, but to still take advantage of the server-side available in JSF. He presented a demo showing JSF 2.2’s ability to leverage the expressiveness of HTML5. Burns then explained the significance of face flows, which offer function points and quantify how much work has taken place, something of great value to JSF users. He went on to talk about JSF 2.2.’s cross-site request forgery protection (CSRF) and offered details about how it protects applications against attack. Then he talked about JSF 2.2’s File Upload Component and explained that the final specification will have Ajax and non-Ajax support. The current milestone has non-Ajax support implemented. He then went on to explain its capacity to add facelets through ResourceHandler. Previously, JSF 2.0 added Facelets and ResourceHandler as disparate units; now in JSF 2.2 the two concepts are unified. Finally, he explained the concept of multi-templating in JSF 2.2 and went on to discuss more medium-level features of the release. For an easy, low maintenance way of staying in touch with JSF developments go to JSF’s Twitter page where every month or so, important updates are offered.

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• SQL SERVER – PAGEIOLATCH_DT, PAGEIOLATCH_EX, PAGEIOLATCH_KP, PAGEIOLATCH_SH, PAGEIOLATCH_UP – Wait Type – Day 9 of 28

  - by pinaldave

  It is very easy to say that you replace your hardware as that is not up to the mark. In reality, it is very difficult to implement. It is really hard to convince an infrastructure team to change any hardware because they are not performing at their best. I had a nightmare related to this issue in a deal with an infrastructure team as I suggested that they replace their faulty hardware. This is because they were initially not accepting the fact that it is the fault of their hardware. But it is really easy to say “Trust me, I am correct”, while it is equally important that you put some logical reasoning along with this statement. PAGEIOLATCH_XX is such a kind of those wait stats that we would directly like to blame on the underlying subsystem. Of course, most of the time, it is correct – the underlying subsystem is usually the problem. From Book On-Line: PAGEIOLATCH_DT Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is in an I/O request. The latch request is in Destroy mode. Long waits may indicate problems with the disk subsystem. PAGEIOLATCH_EX Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is in an I/O request. The latch request is in Exclusive mode. Long waits may indicate problems with the disk subsystem. PAGEIOLATCH_KP Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is in an I/O request. The latch request is in Keep mode. Long waits may indicate problems with the disk subsystem. PAGEIOLATCH_SH Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is in an I/O request. The latch request is in Shared mode. Long waits may indicate problems with the disk subsystem. PAGEIOLATCH_UP Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is in an I/O request. The latch request is in Update mode. Long waits may indicate problems with the disk subsystem. PAGEIOLATCH_XX Explanation: Simply put, this particular wait type occurs when any of the tasks is waiting for data from the disk to move to the buffer cache. ReducingPAGEIOLATCH_XX wait: Just like any other wait type, this is again a very challenging and interesting subject to resolve. Here are a few things you can experiment on: Improve your IO subsystem speed (read the first paragraph of this article, if you have not read it, I repeat that it is easy to say a step like this than to actually implement or do it). This type of wait stats can also happen due to memory pressure or any other memory issues. Putting aside the issue of a faulty IO subsystem, this wait type warrants proper analysis of the memory counters. If due to any reasons, the memory is not optimal and unable to receive the IO data. This situation can create this kind of wait type. Proper placing of files is very important. We should check file system for the proper placement of files – LDF and MDF on separate drive, TempDB on separate drive, hot spot tables on separate filegroup (and on separate disk), etc. Check the File Statistics and see if there is higher IO Read and IO Write Stall SQL SERVER – Get File Statistics Using fn_virtualfilestats. It is very possible that there are no proper indexes on the system and there are lots of table scans and heap scans. Creating proper index can reduce the IO bandwidth considerably. If SQL Server can use appropriate cover index instead of clustered index, it can significantly reduce lots of CPU, Memory and IO (considering cover index has much lesser columns than cluster table and all other it depends conditions). You can refer to the two articles’ links below previously written by me that talk about how to optimize indexes. Create Missing Indexes Drop Unused Indexes Updating statistics can help the Query Optimizer to render optimal plan, which can only be either directly or indirectly. I have seen that updating statistics with full scan (again, if your database is huge and you cannot do this – never mind!) can provide optimal information to SQL Server optimizer leading to efficient plan. Checking Memory Related Perfmon Counters SQLServer: Memory Manager\Memory Grants Pending (Consistent higher value than 0-2) SQLServer: Memory Manager\Memory Grants Outstanding (Consistent higher value, Benchmark) SQLServer: Buffer Manager\Buffer Hit Cache Ratio (Higher is better, greater than 90% for usually smooth running system) SQLServer: Buffer Manager\Page Life Expectancy (Consistent lower value than 300 seconds) Memory: Available Mbytes (Information only) Memory: Page Faults/sec (Benchmark only) Memory: Pages/sec (Benchmark only) Checking Disk Related Perfmon Counters Average Disk sec/Read (Consistent higher value than 4-8 millisecond is not good) Average Disk sec/Write (Consistent higher value than 4-8 millisecond is not good) Average Disk Read/Write Queue Length (Consistent higher value than benchmark is not good) Note: The information presented here is from my experience and there is no way that I claim it to be accurate. I suggest reading Book OnLine for further clarification. All of the discussions of Wait Stats in this blog is generic and varies from system to system. It is recommended that you test this on a development server before implementing it to a production server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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• Surface development: it&rsquo;s just like software development

  - by Dennis Vroegop

  Surface is magic. Everyone using it seems to think that way. And I have to be honest, after working for almost 2 years with the platform I still get that special feeling the moment I turn on the unit to do some more work. The whole user experience, the rich environment of the SDK, the touch, even the look and feel of the Surface environment is so much different from the stuff I’ve been working on all my career that I am still bewildered by it. But… and this is a big but.. in the end we’re still talking about a computer and that needs software to become useful. Deep down the magic of the Surface unit there is a PC somewhere, running Windows Vista and the .net framework 3.5. When you write that magic software that makes the platform come alive you’re still working with .net, WPF/XNA, C#, VB.Net and all those other tools and technologies you know so well. Sure, the whole user experience is different from what you’ve known. And the way of thinking about users, their interaction and the positioning of screen elements requires a whole new paradigm. And that takes time. It took me about half a year before I had the feeling I got it nailed down. But when that moment came (about 18 months ago…) I realized that everything I had learned so far on software development still is true when it comes to Surface. The last 6 months I have been working with some people with a different background to start a new company. The idea was that the new company would be focussing on Surface and Surface only. These people come from a marketing background and had some good ideas for some applications. And I have to admit: their ideas were good. Very good. Where it all fell down of course is that these ideas need to be implemented in a piece of software. And creating great software takes skilled developers and a lot of time and money. That’s where things went wrong: the marketing guys didn’t realize and didn’t want to realize that software development is a job that takes skill. You can’t just hire a bunch of developers and expect them to deliver the best sort of software, especially not when it comes to Surface. I tried to explain that yes, their User Interface in Photoshop looked great, but no: I couldn’t develop an application like that in a weeks time. Even worse: the while backend of the software (WCF for communications, SQL Server for the database, etc) would take a lot more time than the frontend. They didn’t understand. It took them a couple of days to drawn the UI in Photoshop so in Blend I should be able to build the software in about the same amount of time. Well, you and I know that it doesn’t work that way. Software is hard to write, and even harder to write well, and it takes skill and dedication. It’s not something you can do as fast as you can draw a mock up for a Surface application in Photohop. The same holds true for web applications of course. A lot of designers there fail to appreciate the hard work that goes into writing the plumbing for a good web app that can handle thousands of users. Although the UI is very important, it’s not all there is to it. And in Surface development this is the same. The UI should create the feeling of magic, but the software behind it is what makes it come alive. And that takes time. A lot of time. So brush of you skills and don’t throw them away if you start developing for Surface. Because projects (and colaborations) can fail there as hard as they can in any other area of software development. On a side note: we decided to stop the colaboration (something the other parties involved didn’t appreciate and were very angry about) and decided to hire a designer for the Surface projects. The focus is back where it belongs: on the software development we know so well and have been doing very well for 13 years. UI is just a part of the whole project and not the end product. So my company Detrio is still going strong when it comes to develivering Surface solutions but once again from a technological background, not a marketing background.

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• Your thoughts on Best Practices for Scientific Computing?

  - by John Smith

  A recent paper by Wilson et al (2014) pointed out 24 Best Practices for scientific programming. It's worth to have a look. I would like to hear opinions about these points from experienced programmers in scientific data analysis. Do you think these advices are helpful and practical? Or are they good only in an ideal world? Wilson G, Aruliah DA, Brown CT, Chue Hong NP, Davis M, Guy RT, Haddock SHD, Huff KD, Mitchell IM, Plumbley MD, Waugh B, White EP, Wilson P (2014) Best Practices for Scientific Computing. PLoS Biol 12:e1001745. http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001745 Box 1. Summary of Best Practices Write programs for people, not computers. (a) A program should not require its readers to hold more than a handful of facts in memory at once. (b) Make names consistent, distinctive, and meaningful. (c) Make code style and formatting consistent. Let the computer do the work. (a) Make the computer repeat tasks. (b) Save recent commands in a file for re-use. (c) Use a build tool to automate workflows. Make incremental changes. (a) Work in small steps with frequent feedback and course correction. (b) Use a version control system. (c) Put everything that has been created manually in version control. Don’t repeat yourself (or others). (a) Every piece of data must have a single authoritative representation in the system. (b) Modularize code rather than copying and pasting. (c) Re-use code instead of rewriting it. Plan for mistakes. (a) Add assertions to programs to check their operation. (b) Use an off-the-shelf unit testing library. (c) Turn bugs into test cases. (d) Use a symbolic debugger. Optimize software only after it works correctly. (a) Use a profiler to identify bottlenecks. (b) Write code in the highest-level language possible. Document design and purpose, not mechanics. (a) Document interfaces and reasons, not implementations. (b) Refactor code in preference to explaining how it works. (c) Embed the documentation for a piece of software in that software. Collaborate. (a) Use pre-merge code reviews. (b) Use pair programming when bringing someone new up to speed and when tackling particularly tricky problems. (c) Use an issue tracking tool. I'm relatively new to serious programming for scientific data analysis. When I tried to write code for pilot analyses of some of my data last year, I encountered tremendous amount of bugs both in my code and data. Bugs and errors had been around me all the time, but this time it was somewhat overwhelming. I managed to crunch the numbers at last, but I thought I couldn't put up with this mess any longer. Some actions must be taken. Without a sophisticated guide like the article above, I started to adopt "defensive style" of programming since then. A book titled "The Art of Readable Code" helped me a lot. I deployed meticulous input validations or assertions for every function, renamed a lot of variables and functions for better readability, and extracted many subroutines as reusable functions. Recently, I introduced Git and SourceTree for version control. At the moment, because my co-workers are much more reluctant about these issues, the collaboration practices (8a,b,c) have not been introduced. Actually, as the authors admitted, because all of these practices take some amount of time and effort to introduce, it may be generally hard to persuade your reluctant collaborators to comply them. I think I'm asking your opinions because I still suffer from many bugs despite all my effort on many of these practices. Bug fix may be, or should be, faster than before, but I couldn't really measure the improvement. Moreover, much of my time has been invested on defence, meaning that I haven't actually done much data analysis (offence) these days. Where is the point I should stop at in terms of productivity? I've already deployed: 1a,b,c, 2a, 3a,b,c, 4b,c, 5a,d, 6a,b, 7a,7b I'm about to have a go at: 5b,c Not yet: 2b,c, 4a, 7c, 8a,b,c (I could not really see the advantage of using GNU make (2c) for my purpose. Could anyone tell me how it helps my work with MATLAB?)

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• Cant correctly install Lazarus

  - by user206316

  I have a little problem with installing and running Lazarus. I just upgrade ubuntu from 13.04 to 13.10. When i had 13.04, i could install lazarus without any problems, but in 13.10 lazarus magicaly dissapeared, and when i tried install it from ubuntu software center, it said something like in my software resources lazarus-ide-0.9.30.4 doesnt exist. After some research on net i tried delete all files from earlier installations, download deb packages from sourceforge and install them, but when i want to instal fpc-src, error shows up with output: (Reading database ... 100% (Reading database ... 239063 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking fpc-src (from .../Stiahnut/Lazarus/fpc-src.deb) ... dpkg: error processing /home/richi/Stiahnut/Lazarus/fpc-src.deb (--install): trying to overwrite '/usr/share/fpcsrc/2.6.2/rtl/nativent/tthread.inc', which is also in package fpc-source-2.6.2 2.6.2-5 dpkg-deb (subprocess): decompressing archive member: internal gzip write error: Broken pipe dpkg-deb: error: subprocess <decompress> returned error exit status 2 dpkg-deb (subprocess): cannot copy archive member from '/home/richi/Stiahnut/Lazarus/fpc-src.deb' to decompressor pipe: failed to write (Broken pipe) when i started lazarus, it of course tell me that it cant find fpc compier and fpc sources. So, please, i really need program for school and i dont wanna reinstall os anymore or something like that :( (Ubuntu 13.10 64bit) P.S: im not skilled in linux so if u know some commands to fix it just write them for copy and paste :) P.P.S:Sorry for bad English, im Slovak xD P.P.P.S: Thank so much for any answers update: output from sudo dpkg -l | grep "^rc" richi@Richi-Ubuntu:~/lazarus1.0.12$ sudo dpkg -l | grep "^rc" rc account-plugin-generic-oauth 0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1.1 amd64 GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - generic OAuth rc appmenu-gtk:amd64 12.10.3daily13.04.03-0ubuntu1 amd64 Export GTK menus over DBus rc appmenu-gtk3:amd64 12.10.3daily13.04.03-0ubuntu1 amd64 Export GTK menus over DBus rc fp-compiler-2.6.0 2.6.0-9 amd64 Free Pascal - compiler rc fp-utils-2.6.0 2.6.0-9 amd64 Free Pascal - utilities rc lazarus-ide-0.9.30.4 0.9.30.4-4 amd64 IDE for Free Pascal - common IDE files rc lazarus-ide-1.0.10 1.0.10+dfsg-1 amd64 IDE for Free Pascal - common IDE files rc lcl-utils-0.9.30.4 0.9.30.4-4 amd64 Lazarus Components Library - command line build tools rc lcl-utils-1.0.10 1.0.10+dfsg-1 amd64 Lazarus Components Library - command line build tools rc libbamf3-1:amd64 0.4.0daily13.06.19~13.04-0ubuntu1 amd64 Window matching library - shared library rc libboost-filesystem1.49.0 1.49.0-4 amd64 filesystem operations (portable paths, iteration over directories, etc) in C++ rc libboost-signals1.49.0 1.49.0-4 amd64 managed signals and slots library for C++ rc libboost-system1.49.0 1.49.0-4 amd64 Operating system (e.g. diagnostics support) library rc libboost-thread1.49.0 1.49.0-4 amd64 portable C++ multi-threading rc libbrlapi0.5:amd64 4.4-8ubuntu4 amd64 braille display access via BRLTTY - shared library rc libcamel-1.2-40 3.6.4-0ubuntu1.1 amd64 Evolution MIME message handling library rc libcolumbus0-0 0.4.0daily13.04.16~13.04-0ubuntu1 amd64 error tolerant matching engine - shared library rc libdns95 1:9.9.2.dfsg.P1-2ubuntu2.1 amd64 DNS Shared Library used by BIND rc libdvbpsi7 0.2.2-1 amd64 library for MPEG TS and DVB PSI tables decoding and generating rc libebackend-1.2-5 3.6.4-0ubuntu1.1 amd64 Utility library for evolution data servers rc libedata-book-1.2-15 3.6.4-0ubuntu1.1 amd64 Backend library for evolution address books rc libedata-cal-1.2-18 3.6.4-0ubuntu1.1 amd64 Backend library for evolution calendars rc libgc1c3:amd64 1:7.2d-0ubuntu5 amd64 conservative garbage collector for C and C++ rc libgd2-xpm:amd64 2.0.36~rc1~dfsg-6.1ubuntu1 amd64 GD Graphics Library version 2 rc libgd2-xpm:i386 2.0.36~rc1~dfsg-6.1ubuntu1 i386 GD Graphics Library version 2 rc libgnome-desktop-3-4 3.6.3-0ubuntu1 amd64 Utility library for loading .desktop files - runtime files rc libgphoto2-2:amd64 2.4.14-2 amd64 gphoto2 digital camera library rc libgphoto2-2:i386 2.4.14-2 i386 gphoto2 digital camera library rc libgphoto2-port0:amd64 2.4.14-2 amd64 gphoto2 digital camera port library rc libgphoto2-port0:i386 2.4.14-2 i386 gphoto2 digital camera port library rc libgtksourceview-3.0-0:amd64 3.6.3-0ubuntu1 amd64 shared libraries for the GTK+ syntax highlighting widget rc libgweather-3-1 3.6.2-0ubuntu1 amd64 GWeather shared library rc libharfbuzz0:amd64 0.9.13-1 amd64 OpenType text shaping engine rc libibus-1.0-0:amd64 1.4.2-0ubuntu2 amd64 Intelligent Input Bus - shared library rc libical0 0.48-2 amd64 iCalendar library implementation in C (runtime) rc libimobiledevice3 1.1.4-1ubuntu6.2 amd64 Library for communicating with the iPhone and iPod Touch rc libisc92 1:9.9.2.dfsg.P1-2ubuntu2.1 amd64 ISC Shared Library used by BIND rc libkms1:amd64 2.4.46-1 amd64 Userspace interface to kernel DRM buffer management rc libllvm3.2:i386 1:3.2repack-7ubuntu1 i386 Low-Level Virtual Machine (LLVM), runtime library rc libmikmod2:amd64 3.1.12-5 amd64 Portable sound library rc libpackagekit-glib2-14:amd64 0.7.6-3ubuntu1 amd64 Library for accessing PackageKit using GLib rc libpoppler28:amd64 0.20.5-1ubuntu3 amd64 PDF rendering library rc libraw5:amd64 0.14.7-0ubuntu1.13.04.2 amd64 raw image decoder library rc librhythmbox-core6 2.98-0ubuntu5 amd64 support library for the rhythmbox music player rc libsdl-mixer1.2:amd64 1.2.12-7ubuntu1 amd64 Mixer library for Simple DirectMedia Layer 1.2, libraries rc libsnmp15 5.4.3~dfsg-2.7ubuntu1 amd64 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) library rc libsyncdaemon-1.0-1 4.2.0-0ubuntu1 amd64 Ubuntu One synchronization daemon library rc libunity-core-6.0-5 7.0.0daily13.06.19~13.04-0ubuntu1 amd64 Core library for the Unity interface. rc libusb-0.1-4:i386 2:0.1.12-23.2ubuntu1 i386 userspace USB programming library rc libwayland0:amd64 1.0.5-0ubuntu1 amd64 wayland compositor infrastructure - shared libraries rc linux-image-3.8.0-19-generic 3.8.0-19.30 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.8.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-3.8.0-31-generic 3.8.0-31.46 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.8.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-3.8.0-19-generic 3.8.0-19.30 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.8.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-3.8.0-31-generic 3.8.0-31.46 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.8.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc screen-resolution-extra 0.15ubuntu1 all Extension for the GNOME screen resolution applet rc unity-common 7.0.0daily13.06.19~13.04-0ubuntu1 all Common files for the Unity interface.

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• Handy ASP.NET MVC 2 Extension Methods &ndash; Where am I?

  - by Bobby Diaz

  Have you ever needed to detect what part of the application is currently being viewed?  This might be a bigger issue if you write a lot of shared/partial views or custom display or editor templates.  Another scenario, which is the one I encountered when I first started down this path, is when you have some type of menu and you’d like to be able to determine which item represents the current page so you can highlight it in some way.  A simple example is the menu that is created as part of the default ASP.NET MVC 2 Application template.   <div id="menucontainer">       <ul id="menu">         <li><%= Html.ActionLink("Home", "Index", "Home") %></li>         <li><%= Html.ActionLink("About", "About", "Home") %></li>     </ul>   </div>   The part that got me at first, however, was the following entry in the default style sheet (Site.css):   ul#menu li.selected a {     background-color: #fff;     color: #000; }   I assumed that the .selected class would automatically get applied to the active menu item.  After trying a few different things, including the MvcContrib MenuBuilder, I decided to write my own extension methods so I would have more control over the output.  First, I needed a way to determine what view the user has navigated to based on the requested URL and route configuration.  Now, I am sure there are many ways to do this, but this is what I came up with:   public static class RequestExtensions {     public static bool IsCurrentRoute(this RequestContext context, String areaName,         String controllerName, params String[] actionNames)     {         var routeData = context.RouteData;         var routeArea = routeData.DataTokens["area"] as String;         var current = false;           if ( ((String.IsNullOrEmpty(routeArea) && String.IsNullOrEmpty(areaName)) ||               (routeArea == areaName)) &&              ((String.IsNullOrEmpty(controllerName)) ||               (routeData.GetRequiredString("controller") == controllerName)) &&              ((actionNames == null) ||                actionNames.Contains(routeData.GetRequiredString("action"))) )         {             current = true;         }           return current;     }       // additional overloads omitted... }   With that in place, I was able to write several UrlHelper methods that check if the supplied values map to the current view.   public static class UrlExtensions {     public static bool IsCurrent(this UrlHelper urlHelper, String areaName,         String controllerName, params String[] actionNames)     {         return urlHelper.RequestContext.IsCurrentRoute(areaName, controllerName, actionNames);     }       public static string Selected(this UrlHelper urlHelper, String areaName,         String controllerName, params String[] actionNames)     {         return urlHelper.IsCurrent(areaName, controllerName, actionNames)             ? "selected" : String.Empty;     }       // additional overloads omitted... }   Now I can re-work the original menu to utilize these new methods.  Note: be sure to import the proper namespace so the extension methods become available inside your views!   <div id="menucontainer">       <ul id="menu">         <li class="<%= Url.Selected(null, "Home", "Index") %>">             <%= Html.ActionLink("Home", "Index", "Home")%></li>           <li class="<%= Url.Selected(null, "Home", "About") %>">             <%= Html.ActionLink("About", "About", "Home")%></li>     </ul>   </div>   If we take it one step further, we can clean up the markup even more.  Check out the Html.ActionMenuItem() extension method and the refined menu:   public static class HtmlExtensions {     public static MvcHtmlString ActionMenuItem(this HtmlHelper htmlHelper, String linkText,         String actionName, String controllerName)     {         var html = new StringBuilder("<li");           if ( htmlHelper.ViewContext.RequestContext                 .IsCurrentRoute(null, controllerName, actionName) )         {             html.Append(" class=\"selected\"");         }           html.Append(">")             .Append(htmlHelper.ActionLink(linkText, actionName, controllerName))             .Append("</li>");           return MvcHtmlString.Create(html.ToString());     }       // additional overloads omitted... }   <div id="menucontainer">       <ul id="menu">         <%= Html.ActionMenuItem("Home", "Index", "Home") %>         <%= Html.ActionMenuItem("About", "About", "Home") %>     </ul>   </div>   Which generates the following HTML:   <div id="menucontainer">       <ul id="menu">         <li class="selected"><a href="/">Home</a></li>         <li><a href="/Home/About">About</a></li>     </ul>   </div>     I have created a codepaste of these extension methods if you are interested in using them in your own projects.  Enjoy!

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• SQL SERVER – Example of Performance Tuning for Advanced Users with DB Optimizer

  - by Pinal Dave

  Performance tuning is such a subject that everyone wants to master it. In beginning everybody is at a novice level and spend lots of time learning how to master the art of performance tuning. However, as we progress further the tuning of the system keeps on getting very difficult. I have understood in my early career there should be no need of ego in the technology field. There are always better solutions and better ideas out there and we should not resist them. Instead of resisting the change and new wave I personally adopt it. Here is a similar example, as I personally progress to the master level of performance tuning, I face that it is getting harder to come up with optimal solutions. In such scenarios I rely on various tools to teach me how I can do things better. Once I learn about tools, I am often able to come up with better solutions when I face the similar situation next time. A few days ago I had received a query where the user wanted to tune it further to get the maximum out of the performance. I have re-written the similar query with the help of AdventureWorks sample database. SELECT * FROM HumanResources.Employee e INNER JOIN HumanResources.EmployeeDepartmentHistory edh ON e.BusinessEntityID = edh.BusinessEntityID INNER JOIN HumanResources.Shift s ON edh.ShiftID = s.ShiftID; User had similar query to above query was used in very critical report and wanted to get best out of the query. When I looked at the query – here were my initial thoughts Use only column in the select statements as much as you want in the application Let us look at the query pattern and data workload and find out the optimal index for it Before I give further solutions I was told by the user that they need all the columns from all the tables and creating index was not allowed in their system. He can only re-write queries or use hints to further tune this query. Now I was in the constraint box – I believe * was not a great idea but if they wanted all the columns, I believe we can’t do much besides using *. Additionally, if I cannot create a further index, I must come up with some creative way to write this query. I personally do not like to use hints in my application but there are cases when hints work out magically and gives optimal solutions. Finally, I decided to use Embarcadero’s DB Optimizer. It is a fantastic tool and very helpful when it is about performance tuning. I have previously explained how it works over here. First open DBOptimizer and open Tuning Job from File >> New >> Tuning Job. Once you open DBOptimizer Tuning Job follow the various steps indicates in the following diagram. Essentially we will take our original script and will paste that into Step 1: New SQL Text and right after that we will enable Step 2 for Generating Various cases, Step 3 for Detailed Analysis and Step 4 for Executing each generated case. Finally we will click on Analysis in Step 5 which will generate the report detailed analysis in the result pan. The detailed pan looks like. It generates various cases of T-SQL based on the original query. It applies various hints and available hints to the query and generate various execution plans of the query and displays them in the resultant. You can clearly notice that original query had a cost of 0.0841 and logical reads about 607 pages. Whereas various options which are just following it has different execution cost as well logical read. There are few cases where we have higher logical read and there are few cases where as we have very low logical read. If we pay attention the very next row to original query have Merge_Join_Query in description and have lowest execution cost value of 0.044 and have lowest Logical Reads of 29. This row contains the query which is the most optimal re-write of the original query. Let us double click over it. Here is the query: SELECT * FROM HumanResources.Employee e INNER JOIN HumanResources.EmployeeDepartmentHistory edh ON e.BusinessEntityID = edh.BusinessEntityID INNER JOIN HumanResources.Shift s ON edh.ShiftID = s.ShiftID OPTION (MERGE JOIN) If you notice above query have additional hint of Merge Join. With the help of this Merge Join query hint this query is now performing much better than before. The entire process takes less than 60 seconds. Please note that it the join hint Merge Join was optimal for this query but it is not necessary that the same hint will be helpful in all the queries. Additionally, if the workload or data pattern changes the query hint of merge join may be no more optimal join. In that case, we will have to redo the entire exercise once again. This is the reason I do not like to use hints in my queries and I discourage all of my users to use the same. However, if you look at this example, this is a great case where hints are optimizing the performance of the query. It is humanly not possible to test out various query hints and index options with the query to figure out which is the most optimal solution. Sometimes, we need to depend on the efficiency tools like DB Optimizer to guide us the way and select the best option from the suggestion provided. Let me know what you think of this article as well your experience with DB Optimizer. Please leave a comment. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Joins, SQL Optimization, SQL Performance, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• ASP.NET MVC: Converting business objects to select list items

  - by DigiMortal

  Some of our business classes are used to fill dropdown boxes or select lists. And often you have some base class for all your business classes. In this posting I will show you how to use base business class to write extension method that converts collection of business objects to ASP.NET MVC select list items without writing a lot of code. BusinessBase, BaseEntity and other base classes I prefer to have some base class for all my business classes so I can easily use them regardless of their type in contexts I need. NB! Some guys say that it is good idea to have base class for all your business classes and they also suggest you to have mappings done same way in database. Other guys say that it is good to have base class but you don’t have to have one master table in database that contains identities of all your business objects. It is up to you how and what you prefer to do but whatever you do – think and analyze first, please. :) To keep things maximally simple I will use very primitive base class in this example. This class has only Id property and that’s it. public class BaseEntity {     public virtual long Id { get; set; } } Now we have Id in base class and we have one more question to solve – how to better visualize our business objects? To users ID is not enough, they want something more informative. We can define some abstract property that all classes must implement. But there is also another option we can use – overriding ToString() method in our business classes. public class Product : BaseEntity {     public virtual string SKU { get; set; }     public virtual string Name { get; set; }       public override string ToString()     {         if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(Name))             return base.ToString();           return Name;     } } Although you can add more functionality and properties to your base class we are at point where we have what we needed: identity and human readable presentation of business objects. Writing list items converter Now we can write method that creates list items for us. public static class BaseEntityExtensions {            public static IEnumerable<SelectListItem> ToSelectListItems<T>         (this IList<T> baseEntities) where T : BaseEntity     {         return ToSelectListItems((IEnumerator<BaseEntity>)                    baseEntities.GetEnumerator());     }       public static IEnumerable<SelectListItem> ToSelectListItems         (this IEnumerator<BaseEntity> baseEntities)     {         var items = new HashSet<SelectListItem>();           while (baseEntities.MoveNext())         {             var item = new SelectListItem();             var entity = baseEntities.Current;               item.Value = entity.Id.ToString();             item.Text = entity.ToString();               items.Add(item);         }           return items;     } } You can see here to overloads of same method. One works with List<T> and the other with IEnumerator<BaseEntity>. Although mostly my repositories return IList<T> when querying data there are always situations where I can use more abstract types and interfaces. Using extension methods in code In your code you can use ToSelectListItems() extension methods like shown on following code fragment. ... var model = new MyFormModel(); model.Statuses = _myRepository.ListStatuses().ToSelectListItems(); ... You can call this method on all your business classes that extend your base entity. Wanna have some fun with this code? Write overload for extension method that accepts selected item ID.

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• WebLogic Server JMS WLST Script – Who is Connected To My Server

  - by james.bayer

  Ever want to know who was connected to your WebLogic Server instance for troubleshooting?  An email exchange about this topic and JMS came up this week, and I’ve heard it come up once or twice before too.  Sometimes it’s interesting or helpful to know the list of JMS clients (IP Addresses, JMS Destinations, message counts) that are connected to a particular JMS server.  This can be helpful for troubleshooting.  Tom Barnes from the WebLogic Server JMS team provided some helpful advice: The JMS connection runtime mbean has “getHostAddress”, which returns the host address of the connecting client JVM as a string.  A connection runtime can contain session runtimes, which in turn can contain consumer runtimes.  The consumer runtime, in turn has a “getDestinationName” and “getMemberDestinationName”.  I think that this means you could write a WLST script, for example, to dump all consumers, their destinations, plus their parent session’s parent connection’s host addresses.    Note that the client runtime mbeans (connection, session, and consumer) won’t necessarily be hosted on the same JVM as a destination that’s in the same cluster (client messages route from their connection host to their ultimate destination in the same cluster). Writing the Script So armed with this information, I decided to take the challenge and see if I could write a WLST script to do this.  It’s always helpful to have the WebLogic Server MBean Reference handy for activities like this.  This one is focused on JMS Consumers and I only took a subset of the information available, but it could be modified easily to do Producers.  I haven’t tried this on a more complex environment, but it works in my simple sandbox case, so it should give you the general idea. # Better to use Secure Config File approach for login as shown here http://buttso.blogspot.com/2011/02/using-secure-config-files-with-weblogic.html connect('weblogic','welcome1','t3://localhost:7001')   # Navigate to the Server Runtime and get the Server Name serverRuntime() serverName = cmo.getName()   # Multiple JMS Servers could be hosted by a single WLS server cd('JMSRuntime/' + serverName + '.jms' ) jmsServers=cmo.getJMSServers()   # Find the list of all JMSServers for this server namesOfJMSServers = '' for jmsServer in jmsServers: namesOfJMSServers = jmsServer.getName() + ' '   # Count the number of connections jmsConnections=cmo.getConnections() print str(len(jmsConnections)) + ' JMS Connections found for ' + serverName + ' with JMSServers ' + namesOfJMSServers   # Recurse the MBean tree for each connection and pull out some information about consumers for jmsConnection in jmsConnections: try: print 'JMS Connection:' print ' Host Address = ' + jmsConnection.getHostAddress() print ' ClientID = ' + str( jmsConnection.getClientID() ) print ' Sessions Current = ' + str( jmsConnection.getSessionsCurrentCount() ) jmsSessions = jmsConnection.getSessions() for jmsSession in jmsSessions: jmsConsumers = jmsSession.getConsumers() for jmsConsumer in jmsConsumers: print ' Consumer:' print ' Name = ' + jmsConsumer.getName() print ' Messages Received = ' + str(jmsConsumer.getMessagesReceivedCount()) print ' Member Destination Name = ' + jmsConsumer.getMemberDestinationName() except: print 'Error retrieving JMS Consumer Information' dumpStack() # Cleanup disconnect() exit() Example Output I expect the output to look something like this and loop through all the connections, this is just the first one: 1 JMS Connections found for AdminServer with JMSServers myJMSServer JMS Connection:   Host Address = 127.0.0.1   ClientID = None   Sessions Current = 16    Consumer:      Name = consumer40      Messages Received = 1      Member Destination Name = myJMSModule!myQueue Notice that it has the IP Address of the client.  There are 16 Sessions open because I’m using an MDB, which defaults to 16 connections, so this matches what I expect.  Let’s see what the full output actually looks like: D:\Oracle\fmw11gr1ps3\user_projects\domains\offline_domain>java weblogic.WLST d:\temp\jms.py   Initializing WebLogic Scripting Tool (WLST) ...   Welcome to WebLogic Server Administration Scripting Shell   Type help() for help on available commands   Connecting to t3://localhost:7001 with userid weblogic ... Successfully connected to Admin Server 'AdminServer' that belongs to domain 'offline_domain'.   Warning: An insecure protocol was used to connect to the server. To ensure on-the-wire security, the SSL port or Admin port should be used instead.   Location changed to serverRuntime tree. This is a read-only tree with ServerRuntimeMBean as the root. For more help, use help(serverRuntime)   1 JMS Connections found for AdminServer with JMSServers myJMSServer JMS Connection: Host Address = 127.0.0.1 ClientID = None Sessions Current = 16 Consumer: Name = consumer40 Messages Received = 2 Member Destination Name = myJMSModule!myQueue Consumer: Name = consumer34 Messages Received = 2 Member Destination Name = myJMSModule!myQueue Consumer: Name = consumer37 Messages Received = 2 Member Destination Name = myJMSModule!myQueue Consumer: Name = consumer16 Messages Received = 2 Member Destination Name = myJMSModule!myQueue Consumer: Name = consumer46 Messages Received = 2 Member Destination Name = myJMSModule!myQueue Consumer: Name = consumer49 Messages Received = 2 Member Destination Name = myJMSModule!myQueue Consumer: Name = consumer43 Messages Received = 1 Member Destination Name = myJMSModule!myQueue Consumer: Name = consumer55 Messages Received = 1 Member Destination Name = myJMSModule!myQueue Consumer: Name = consumer25 Messages Received = 1 Member Destination Name = myJMSModule!myQueue Consumer: Name = consumer22 Messages Received = 1 Member Destination Name = myJMSModule!myQueue Consumer: Name = consumer19 Messages Received = 1 Member Destination Name = myJMSModule!myQueue Consumer: Name = consumer52 Messages Received = 1 Member Destination Name = myJMSModule!myQueue Consumer: Name = consumer31 Messages Received = 1 Member Destination Name = myJMSModule!myQueue Consumer: Name = consumer58 Messages Received = 1 Member Destination Name = myJMSModule!myQueue Consumer: Name = consumer28 Messages Received = 1 Member Destination Name = myJMSModule!myQueue Consumer: Name = consumer61 Messages Received = 1 Member Destination Name = myJMSModule!myQueue Disconnected from weblogic server: AdminServer     Exiting WebLogic Scripting Tool. Thanks to Tom Barnes for the hints and the inspiration to write this up. Image of telephone switchboard courtesy of http://www.JoeTourist.net/ JoeTourist InfoSystems

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• International Radio Operators Alphabet in F# &amp; Silverlight &ndash; Part 1

  - by MarkPearl

  So I have been delving into F# more and more and thought the best way to learn the language is to write something useful. I have been meaning to get some more Silverlight knowledge (up to now I have mainly been doing WPF) so I came up with a really simple project that I can actually use at work. Simply put – I often get support calls from clients wanting new activation codes. One of our main app’s was written in VB6 and had its own “security” where it would require about a 45 character sequence for it to be activated. The catch being that each time you reopen the program it would require a different character sequence, which meant that when we activate clients systems we have to do it live! This involves us either referring them to a website, or reading the characters to them over the phone and since nobody in the office knows the IROA off by heart we would come up with some interesting words to represent characters… 9 times out of 10 the client would type in the wrong character and we would have to start all over again… with this app I am hoping to reduce the errors of reading characters over the phone by treating it like a ham radio. My “Silverlight” application will allow for the user to input a series of characters and the system will then generate the equivalent IROA words… very basic stuff e.g. Character Input – abc Words Generated – Alpha Bravo Charlie After listening to Anders Hejlsberg on Dot Net Rocks Show 541 he mentioned that he felt many applications could make use of F# but in an almost silo basis – meaning that you would write modules that leant themselves to Functional Programming in F# and then incorporate it into a solution where the front end may be in C# or where you would have some other sort of glue. I buy into this kind of approach, so in this project I will use F# to do my very intensive “Business Logic” and will use Silverlight/C# to do the front end. F# Business Layer I am no expert at this, so I am sure to get some feedback on way I could improve my algorithm. My approach was really simple. I would need a function that would convert a single character to a string – i.e. ‘A’ –> “Alpha” and then I would need a function that would take a string of characters, convert them into a sequence of characters, and then apply my converter to return a sequence of words… make sense? Lets start with the CharToString function let CharToString (element:char) = match element.ToString().ToLower() with | "1" -> "1" | "5" -> "5" | "9" -> "9" | "2" -> "2" | "6" -> "6" | "0" -> "0" | "3" -> "3" | "7" -> "7" | "4" -> "4" | "8" -> "8" | "a" -> "Alpha" | "b" -> "Bravo" | "c" -> "Charlie" | "d" -> "Delta" | "e" -> "Echo" | "f" -> "Foxtrot" | "g" -> "Golf" | "h" -> "Hotel" | "i" -> "India" | "j" -> "Juliet" | "k" -> "Kilo" | "l" -> "Lima" | "m" -> "Mike" | "n" -> "November" | "o" -> "Oscar" | "p" -> "Papa" | "q" -> "Quebec" | "r" -> "Romeo" | "s" -> "Sierra" | "t" -> "Tango" | "u" -> "Uniform" | "v" -> "Victor" | "w" -> "Whiskey" | "x" -> "XRay" | "y" -> "Yankee" | "z" -> "Zulu" | element -> "Unknown" Quite simple, an element is passed in, this element is them converted to a lowercase single character string and then matched up with the equivalent word. If by some chance a character is not recognized, “Unknown” will be returned… I know need a function that can take a string and can parse each character of the string and generate a new sequence with the converted words… let ConvertCharsToStrings (s:string) = s |> Seq.toArray |> Seq.map(fun elem -> CharToString(elem)) Here… the Seq.toArray converts the string to a sequence of characters. I then searched for some way to parse through every element in the sequence. Originally I tried Seq.iter, but I think my understanding of what iter does was incorrect. Eventually I found Seq.map, which applies a function to every element in a sequence and then creates a new collection with the adjusted processed element. It turned out to be exactly what I needed… To test that everything worked I created one more function that parsed through every element in a sequence and printed it. AT this point I realized the the Seq.iter would be ideal for this… So my testing code is below… let PrintStrings items = items |> Seq.iter(fun x -> Console.Write(x.ToString() + " ")) let newSeq = ConvertCharsToStrings("acdefg123") PrintStrings newSeq Console.ReadLine()   Pretty basic stuff I guess… I hope my approach was right? In Part 2 I will look into doing a simple Silverlight Frontend, referencing the projects together and deploying….

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• A C# implementation of the CallStream pattern

  - by Bertrand Le Roy

  Dusan published this interesting post a couple of weeks ago about a novel JavaScript chaining pattern: http://dbj.org/dbj/?p=514 It’s similar to many existing patterns, but the syntax is extraordinarily terse and it provides a new form of friction-free, plugin-less extensibility mechanism. Here’s a JavaScript example from Dusan’s post: CallStream("#container") (find, "div") (attr, "A", 1) (css, "color", "#fff") (logger); The interesting thing here is that the functions that are being passed as the first argument are arbitrary, they don’t need to be declared as plug-ins. Compare that with a rough jQuery equivalent that could look something like this: $.fn.logger = function () { /* ... */ } $("selector") .find("div") .attr("A", 1) .css("color", "#fff") .logger(); There is also the “each” method in jQuery that achieves something similar, but its syntax is a little more verbose. Of course, that this pattern can be expressed so easily in JavaScript owes everything to the extraordinary way functions are treated in that language, something Douglas Crockford called “the very best part of JavaScript”. One of the first things I thought while reading Dusan’s post was how I could adapt that to C#. After all, with Lambdas and delegates, C# also has its first-class functions. And sure enough, it works really really well. After about ten minutes, I was able to write this: CallStreamFactory.CallStream (p => Console.WriteLine("Yay!")) (Dump, DateTime.Now) (DumpFooAndBar, new { Foo = 42, Bar = "the answer" }) (p => Console.ReadKey()); Where the Dump function is: public static void Dump(object options) { Console.WriteLine(options.ToString()); } And DumpFooAndBar is: public static void DumpFooAndBar(dynamic options) { Console.WriteLine("Foo is {0} and bar is {1}.", options.Foo, options.Bar); } So how does this work? Well, it really is very simple. And not. Let’s say it’s not a lot of code, but if you’re like me you might need an Advil after that. First, I defined the signature of the CallStream method as follows: public delegate CallStream CallStream (Action<object> action, object options = null); The delegate define a call stream as something that takes an action (a function of the options) and an optional options object and that returns a delegate of its own type. Tricky, but that actually works, a delegate can return its own type. Then I wrote an implementation of that delegate that calls the action and returns itself: public static CallStream CallStream (Action<object> action, object options = null) { action(options); return CallStream; } Pretty nice, eh? Well, yes and no. What we are doing here is to execute a sequence of actions using an interesting novel syntax. But for this to be actually useful, you’d need to build a more specialized call stream factory that comes with some sort of context (like Dusan did in JavaScript). For example, you could write the following alternate delegate signature that takes a string and returns itself: public delegate StringCallStream StringCallStream(string message); And then write the following call stream (notice the currying): public static StringCallStream CreateDumpCallStream(string dumpPath) { StringCallStream str = null; var dump = File.AppendText(dumpPath); dump.AutoFlush = true; str = s => { dump.WriteLine(s); return str; }; return str; } (I know, I’m not closing that stream; sure; bad, bad Bertrand) Finally, here’s how you use it: CallStreamFactory.CreateDumpCallStream(@".\dump.txt") ("Wow, this really works.") (DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()) ("And that is all."); Next step would be to combine this contextual implementation with the one that takes an action parameter and do some really fun stuff. I’m only scratching the surface here. This pattern could reveal itself to be nothing more than a gratuitous mind-bender or there could be applications that we hardly suspect at this point. In any case, it’s a fun new construct. Or is this nothing new? You tell me… Comments are open :)

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