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  • Python 3: timestamp to datetime: where does this additional hour come from?

    - by Beau Martínez
    I'm using the following functions: # The epoch used in the datetime API. EPOCH = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(0) def timedelta_to_seconds(delta): seconds = (delta.microseconds * 1e6) + delta.seconds + (delta.days * 86400) seconds = abs(seconds) return seconds def datetime_to_timestamp(date, epoch=EPOCH): # Ensure we deal with `datetime`s. date = datetime.datetime.fromordinal(date.toordinal()) epoch = datetime.datetime.fromordinal(epoch.toordinal()) timedelta = date - epoch timestamp = timedelta_to_seconds(timedelta) return timestamp def timestamp_to_datetime(timestamp, epoch=EPOCH): # Ensure we deal with a `datetime`. epoch = datetime.datetime.fromordinal(epoch.toordinal()) epoch_difference = timedelta_to_seconds(epoch - EPOCH) adjusted_timestamp = timestamp - epoch_difference date = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(adjusted_timestamp) return date And using them with the passed code: twenty = datetime.datetime(2010, 4, 4) print(twenty) print(datetime_to_timestamp(twenty)) print(timestamp_to_datetime(datetime_to_timestamp(twenty))) And getting the following results: 2010-04-04 00:00:00 1270339200.0 2010-04-04 01:00:00 For some reason, I'm getting an additional hour added in the last call, despite my code having, as far as I can see, no flaws. Where is this additional hour coming from?

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  • Using Sendkeys in python to press {F12} results in other keys pressed?

    - by ThantiK
    import time from ctypes import * import win32gui import win32com.client as comclt X = 119 Y = 53 def PILColorToRGB(pil_color): """ convert a PIL-compatible integer into an (r, g, b) tuple """ hexstr = '%06x' % pil_color # reverse byte order r, g, b = hexstr[4:], hexstr[2:4], hexstr[:2] r, g, b = [int(n, 16) for n in (r, g, b)] return (r, g, b) wsh = comclt.Dispatch("WScript.Shell") w = win32gui user = windll.LoadLibrary("c:\\windows\\system32\\user32.dll") h = user.GetDC(0) gdi = windll.LoadLibrary("c:\\windows\\system32\\gdi32.dll") while True: FG = w.GetWindowText(w.GetForegroundWindow()) #FG = Foreground window title. if FG == "World of Warcraft": rgb = (PILColorToRGB(gdi.GetPixel(h,X,Y))) #X, Y time.sleep(0.333) #don't check too often. if (rgb[0] >= 130): #While Pixel (X, Y) is Red... #print "%d %d %d" % (rgb[0], rgb[1], rgb[2]) #Debug wsh.SendKeys("{F12}") #Send a key. time.sleep(0.7) #Add some extra down-time if we send the key. else: time.sleep(5) Basically all this code does is read a pixel on the screen, and send a key (F12) if the pixel is red. But when using this code I regularly get some phantom key-code being pressed. The application I'm using this on is obviously world of warcraft, and I have checked that all keybinds are standard keybinds. However randomly it seems I get either an up arrow, or a w pressed, which moves my character forward whenever this code executes (F12 is bound to a macro, unbound from any movement. If I press f12 with a hardware event, it does not exhibit this behavior. What in the world could be going on here?

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  • How can i do this using a Python Regex?

    - by uberjumper
    I am trying to properly extract methods definitions that are generated by comtypes for Com Interfaces using a regex. Furthermore some of them are blank which causes even more problems for me. Basically i have this: IXMLSerializerAlt._methods_ = [ COMMETHOD([helpstring(u'Loads an object from an XML string.')], HRESULT, 'LoadFromString', ( ['in'], BSTR, 'XML' ), ( ['in'], BSTR, 'TypeName' ), ( ['in'], BSTR, 'TypeNamespaceURI' ), ( ['retval', 'out'], POINTER(POINTER(IUnknown)), 'obj' )), ] class EnvironmentManager(CoClass): u'Singleton object that manages different environments (collections of configuration information).' _reg_clsid_ = GUID('{8A626D49-5F5E-47D9-9463-0B802E9C4167}') _idlflags_ = [] _typelib_path_ = typelib_path _reg_typelib_ = ('{5E1F7BC3-67C5-4AEE-8EC6-C4B73AAC42ED}', 1, 0) INumberFormat._methods_ = [ ] I want to extract both the IXMLSerializerAlt and INumberFormat methods definitions however i cant figure out a proper regex. E.g. for IXMLSerializer i want to extract this: IXMLSerializerAlt._methods_ = [ COMMETHOD([helpstring(u'Loads an object from an XML string.')], HRESULT, 'LoadFromString', ( ['in'], BSTR, 'XML' ), ( ['in'], BSTR, 'TypeName' ), ( ['in'], BSTR, 'TypeNamespaceURI' ), ( ['retval', 'out'], POINTER(POINTER(IUnknown)), 'obj' )), ] This regex in my mind this should work: ^\w+\._methods_\s=\s\[$ (^.+$)* ^]$ Im checking my regex's using kodos however i cannot figure out a way to make this work.

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  • In python, what is the fastest way to determine if a string is an email or an integer?

    - by ensnare
    I'd like to be able to pull users from a database using either a supplied e-mail address or the user id (an integer). To do this, I have to detect if the supplied string is an integer, or an e-mail. Looking for the fastest way to do this. Thanks. def __init__(self, data): #populate class data self._fetchInfo(data) def _fetchInfo(self, data): #If an email #SELECT ... WHERE email = 'data' #or if a user_id #SELECT ... WHERE id = 'data' #Fill class attributes self._id = row['id'] self._email = row['id'] ...

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  • Does Python doctest remove the need for unit-tests?

    - by daniel
    Hi all, A fellow developer on a project I am on believes that doctests are as good as unit-tests, and that if a piece of code is doctested, it does not need to be unit-tested. I do not believe this to be the case. Can anyone provide some solid, ideally cited, examples either for or against the argument that doctests do not replace the need for unit-tests? Thank you -Daniel

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  • Python/Django: Which authorize.net library should I use?

    - by Parand
    I need authorize.net integration for subscription payments, likely using CIM. The requirements are simple - recurring monthly payments, with a few different price points. Customer credit card info will be stored a authorize.net . There are quite a few libraries and code snippets around, I'm looking for recommendations as to which work best. Satchmo seems more than I need, and it looks like it's complex. Django-Bursar seems like what I need, but it's listed as alpha. The adroll/authorize library also looks pretty good. The CIM XML APIs don't look too bad, I could connect directly with them. And there are quite a few other code snippets. What's the best choice right now, given my fairly simple requirements?

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  • How to read special characters from stdin in Python?

    - by erickrf
    I'm having trouble reading special characters from stdin. Here are my attempts: import os dir = raw_input("Dir name: ") Dir name: c:/á os.chdir(dir) WindowsError: [Error 2] The system cannot find the file specified: 'c:/\x81\xe1' Ok, so I tried to get the default system encoding and recode the string from stdin: import locale encoding = locale.getdefaultlocale()[1] print encoding cp1252 unicode(dir, encoding) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "c:\Python26\lib\encodings\cp1252.py", line 15, in decode return codecs.charmap_decode(input,errors,decoding_table) UnicodeDecodeError: 'charmap' codec can't decode byte 0x81 in position 3: character maps to <undefined> Now, I don't know how to solve this. Nor can I understand - why is there a problem when I try to access a directory with a name written in the system default encoding itself??

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  • How to make a post request with REQUESTS package for Python?

    - by jorrebor
    I am trying to use the toggl api. I use Requests instead of Urllib2 for doing my GETs en POSTS. But i am stuck. payload = { "project":{ "name":"Another Project", "billable":False, "workspace":{ "Name":"jorrebor's workspace", "id":213272 }, "automatically_calculate_estimated_workhours":False } } url = "https://www.toggl.com/api/v6/projects.json" r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload), auth=HTTPBasicAuth('[email protected]', 'mypassword')) Authentication seems to be fine, but the payload format probably isn't. a curl command with the same parameters: curl -v -u heremytoken:api_token -H "Content-type: application/json" -d "{\"project\":{\"billable\":true,\"workspace\":{\"id\":213272},\"name\":\"Another project\",\"automatically_calculate_estimated_workhours\":false}}" -X POST https://www.toggl.com/api/v6/projects.json does work fine. What wrong with my payload? The response is get is: ["Name can't be blank","Workspace can't be blank"] which leads me to conclude that the authentication works but toggl cannot read my json object.

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  • Is there a way to circumvent Python list.append() becoming progressively slower in a loop as the lis

    - by Deniz
    I have a big file I'm reading from, and convert every few lines to an instance of an Object. Since I'm looping through the file, I stash the instance to a list using list.append(instance), and then continue looping. This is a file that's around ~100MB so it isn't too large, but as the list grows larger, the looping slows down progressively. (I print the time for each lap in the loop). This is not intrinsic to the loop ~ when I print every new instance as I loop through the file, the program progresses at constant speed ~ it is only when I append them to a list it gets slow. My friend suggested disabling garbage collection before the while loop and enabling it afterward & making a garbage collection call. Did anyone else observe a similar problem with list.append getting slower? Is there any other way to circumvent this?

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  • How to convert Word to images with win32com in python?

    - by SpawnCxy
    Hi all, I have googled an example for converting Word to Html. import win32com from win32com.client import Dispatch, constants w = win32com.client.Dispatch('Word.Application') w = win32com.client.DispatchEx('Word.Application') '''skip some code here''' wc = win32com.client.constants w.ActiveDocument.SaveAs( FileName = filenameout, FileFormat = wc.wdFormatHTML ) I tried looking for something like wc.wdFormatPNG as wc.wdFormatHTML in the example but failed.And I wonder does the attribute exist?Or any other better solutions?Suggestions would be appreciated.

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  • Getting weird python error when I run a simple django script in Eclipse, not happening in console

    - by Rhubarb
    I am running a basic script that sets up the django environment by itself, to enable me to test the ORM features of django without having to implement web pages. The script then imports one of the types defined in my models. This error doesn't happen when I run this script from iPython, only from eclipse. Simply doing this import causes a weird exception like the following: Exception AttributeError: "'NoneType' object has no attribute 'print_exc'" in <bound method Signal._remove_receiver of <django.dispatch.dispatcher.Signal object at 0x026802B0>> ignored My script is as follows: from django.core.management import setup_environ import settings setup_environ(settings) from stats.models import Person for p in Person.objects.all(): print p.Name

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  • How can I transfer a file via XMPP using Python?

    - by Enchantner
    I'm using xmpppy library for my jabber remote administration bot, but I can't find how to send/receive a file and save it inside the directory specified. The documentation is poor and there isn't any examples, but I really want to make it. Can anyone show some examples or some links about it? Or maybe I should use an alternative xmpp bindings?

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  • Python — How can I find the square matrix of a lower triangular numpy matrix? (with a symmetrical upper triangle)

    - by Dana Gray
    I generated a lower triangular matrix, and I want to complete the matrix using the values in the lower triangular matrix to form a square matrix, symmetrical around the diagonal zeros. lower_triangle = numpy.array([ [0,0,0,0], [1,0,0,0], [2,3,0,0], [4,5,6,0]]) I want to generate the following complete matrix, maintaining the zero diagonal: complete_matrix = numpy.array([ [0, 1, 2, 4], [1, 0, 3, 5], [2, 3, 0, 6], [4, 5, 6, 0]]) Thanks.

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  • How do you send a HEAD HTTP request in Python?

    - by fuentesjr
    So what I'm trying to do here is get the headers of a given URL so I can determine the mime-type. I want to be able to see if http://somedomain/foo/ will return an html document or a jpg image for example. Thus, I need to figure out how to send a HEAD request so that I can read the mime-type without having to download the content. Does anyone know of an easy way of doing this?

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  • How do you build a Request-Response service using Asyncore in Python?

    - by Casey
    I have a 3rd-party protocol module (SNMP) that is built on top of asyncore. The asyncore interface is used to process response messages. What is the proper technique to design a client that generate the request-side of the protocol, while the asyncore main loop is running. I can think of two options right now: Use the loop,timeout parameters of asyncore.loop() to allow my client program time to send the appropriate request. Create a client asyncore dispatcher that will be executed in the same asyncore processing loop as the receiver. What is the best option? I'm working on the 2nd solution, cause the protocol API does not give me direct access to the asyncore parameters. Please correct me if I've misunderstood the proper technique for utilizing asyncore.

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  • Fast JSON serialization (and comparison with Pickle) for cluster computing in Python?

    - by user248237
    I have a set of data points, each described by a dictionary. The processing of each data point is independent and I submit each one as a separate job to a cluster. Each data point has a unique name, and my cluster submission wrapper simply calls a script that takes a data point's name and a file describing all the data points. That script then accesses the data point from the file and performs the computation. Since each job has to load the set of all points only to retrieve the point to be run, I wanted to optimize this step by serializing the file describing the set of points into an easily retrievable format. I tried using JSONpickle, using the following method, to serialize a dictionary describing all the data points to file: def json_serialize(obj, filename, use_jsonpickle=True): f = open(filename, 'w') if use_jsonpickle: import jsonpickle json_obj = jsonpickle.encode(obj) f.write(json_obj) else: simplejson.dump(obj, f, indent=1) f.close() The dictionary contains very simple objects (lists, strings, floats, etc.) and has a total of 54,000 keys. The json file is ~20 Megabytes in size. It takes ~20 seconds to load this file into memory, which seems very slow to me. I switched to using pickle with the same exact object, and found that it generates a file that's about 7.8 megabytes in size, and can be loaded in ~1-2 seconds. This is a significant improvement, but it still seems like loading of a small object (less than 100,000 entries) should be faster. Aside from that, pickle is not human readable, which was the big advantage of JSON for me. Is there a way to use JSON to get similar or better speed ups? If not, do you have other ideas on structuring this? (Is the right solution to simply "slice" the file describing each event into a separate file and pass that on to the script that runs a data point in a cluster job? It seems like that could lead to a proliferation of files). thanks.

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  • Most efficent way to create all possible combinations of four lists in Python?

    - by Baresi
    I have four different lists. headers, descriptions, short_descriptions and misc. I want to combine these into all the possible ways to print out: header\n description\n short_description\n misc like if i had (i'm skipping short_description and misc in this example for obvious reasons) headers = ['Hello there', 'Hi there!'] description = ['I like pie', 'Ho ho ho'] ... I want it to print out like: Hello there I like pie ... Hello there Ho ho ho ... Hi there! I like pie ... Hi there! Ho ho ho ... What would you say is the best/cleanest/most efficent way to do this? Is for-nesting the only way to go?

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