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• Learning OpenGL GLSL - VAO buffer problems?

  - by Bleary

  I've just started digging through OpenGL and GLSL, and now stumbled on something I can't get my head around this one!? I've stepped back to loading a simple cube and using a simple shader on it, but the result is triangles drawn incorrectly and/or missing. The code I had working perfectly on meshes, but was attempting to move to using VAOs so none of the code for storing the vertices and indices has changed. http://i.stack.imgur.com/RxxZ5.jpg http://i.stack.imgur.com/zSU50.jpg What I have for creating the VAO and buffers is this //Create the Vertex array object glGenVertexArrays(1, &vaoID); // Finally create our vertex buffer objects glGenBuffers(VBO_COUNT, mVBONames); glBindVertexArray(vaoID); // Save vertex attributes into GPU glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, mVBONames[VERTEX_VBO]); // Copy data into the buffer object glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, lPolygonVertexCount*VERTEX_STRIDE*sizeof(GLfloat), lVertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glEnableVertexAttribArray(pos); glVertexAttribPointer(pos, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, VERTEX_STRIDE*sizeof(GLfloat),0); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, mVBONames[INDEX_VBO]); glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, lPolygonCount*sizeof(unsigned int), lIndices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glBindVertexArray(0); And the code for drawing the mesh. glBindVertexArray(vaoID); glUseProgram(shader->programID); GLsizei lOffset = mSubMeshes[pMaterialIndex]->IndexOffset*sizeof(unsigned int); const GLsizei lElementCount = mSubMeshes[pMaterialIndex]->TriangleCount*TRIAGNLE_VERTEX_COUNT; glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, lElementCount, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, reinterpret_cast<const GLvoid*>(lOffset)); // All the points are indeed in the correct place!? //glPointSize(10.0f); //glDrawElements(GL_POINTS, lElementCount, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0); glUseProgram(0); glBindVertexArray(0); Eyes have become bleary looking at this today so any thoughts or a fresh set of eyes would be greatly appreciated.

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• OpenGL - Rendering from part of an index and vertex array depending on an element count

  - by user1423893

  I'm currently drawing my shapes as lines by using a VAO and then assigning the dynamic vertices and indices each frame. // Bind VAO glBindVertexArray(m_vao); // Update the vertex buffer with the new data (Copy data into the vertex buffer object) glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, numVertices * sizeof(VertexPosition), m_vertices.data(), GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW); // Update the index buffer with the new data (Copy data into the index buffer object) glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, numIndices * sizeof(unsigned short), indices.data(), GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW); glDrawElements(GL_LINES, numIndices, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, BUFFER_OFFSET(0)); // Unbind VAO glBindVertexArray(0); What I would like to do is draw the lines using only part of the data stored in the index and vertex buffer objects. The vertex buffer has its vertices set from an array of defined maximum size: std::array<VertexPosition, maxVertices> m_vertices; The index buffer has its elements set from an array of defined maximum size: std::array<unsigned short, maxIndices> indices = { 0 }; A running total is kept of the number of vertices and indices needed for each draw call numVertices numIndices Can I not specify that the buffer data contain the entire array and only read from part of it when drawing? For example using the vertex buffer object glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, numVertices * sizeof(VertexPosition), m_vertices.data(), GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW); m_vertices.data() = Entire array is stored numVertices * sizeof(VertexPosition) = Amount of data to read from the entire array Is this not the correct way to approach this? I do not wish to use std::vector if possible.

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• Rotating 2D Object

  - by Vico Pelaez

  Well I am trying to learn openGL and want to make a triangle move one unit (0.1) everytime I press one of the keyboard arrows. However i want the triangle to turn first pointing the direction where i will move one unit. So if my triangle is pointing up and I press right the it should point right first and then move one unit in the x axis. I have implemented the code to move the object one unit in any direction, however I can not get it to turn pointing to the direction it is going. The initial position of the Triangle is pointing up. #define LENGTH 0.05 float posX = -0.5, posY = -0.5, posZ = 0; float inX = 0.0 ,inY = 0.0 ,inZ = 0.0; // what values???? void rect(){ glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef(posX,posY,posZ); glRotatef(rotate, inX, inY, inZ); glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0); glVertex2f(-LENGTH,-LENGTH); glVertex2f(LENGTH-LENGTH, LENGTH); glVertex2f(LENGTH, -LENGTH); glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); } void display(){ //Clear Window glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); rect(); glFlush(); } void init(){ glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0); glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0); } float move_unit = 0.01; bool change = false; void keyboardown(int key, int x, int y) { switch (key){ case GLUT_KEY_UP: if(rotate = 0) posY += move_unit; else{ inX = 1.0; rotate = 0; } break; case GLUT_KEY_RIGHT: if(rotate = -90) posX += move_unit; else{ inX = 1.0; // is this value ok?? rotate -= 90; } break; case GLUT_KEY_LEFT: if(rotate = 90) posX -= move_unit; else{ inX = 1.0; // is this value ok??? rotate += 90; } break; case GLUT_KEY_DOWN: if(rotate = 180) posY -= move_unit; else{ inX = 1.0; rotate += 180; } break; case 27: // Escape button exit(0); break; default: break; } glutPostRedisplay(); } int main(int argc, char** argv){ glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB); glutInitWindowSize(500,500); glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0); glutCreateWindow("Triangle turn"); glutSpecialFunc(keyboardown); glutDisplayFunc(display); init(); glutMainLoop()

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• Instead of the specified Texture, black circles on a green background are getting rendered. Why?

  - by vinzBad

  I'm trying to render a Texture via OpenGL. But instead of the texture black circles on a green background are rendered. (They scale, depending what the rotation of the texture is) Example: The texture I'm trying to render is the following: This is the code I use to render the texture, it's located in my Sprite-class. public void Render() { Matrix4 matrix = Matrix4.CreateTranslation(-OriginX, -OriginY, 0) * Matrix4.CreateRotationZ(Rotation) * Matrix4.CreateTranslation(X, Y, 0); Vector2[] corners = { new Vector2(0,0), //top left new Vector2(Width ,0),//top right new Vector2(Width,Height),//bottom rigth new Vector2(0,Height)//bottom left }; //copy the corners to the uv coordinates Vector2[] uv = corners.ToArray<Vector2>(); //transform the coordinates for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) corners[i] = new Vector2(Vector3.Transform(new Vector3(corners[i]), matrix)); //GL.Color3(TintColor); GL.BindTexture(TextureTarget.Texture2D, _ID); GL.Begin(BeginMode.Quads); { for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { GL.TexCoord2(uv[i]); GL.Vertex3(corners[i].X, corners[i].Y, _layerDepth); } } GL.End(); if (EnableDebugDraw) { GL.Color3(Color.Violet); GL.PointSize(3); GL.Begin(BeginMode.Points); { for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) GL.Vertex2(corners[i]); } GL.End(); GL.Color3(Color.Green); GL.Begin(BeginMode.Points); GL.Vertex2(X, Y); GL.End(); } } This is how I setup OpenGL. public static void SetupGL() { GL.Enable(EnableCap.AlphaTest); GL.AlphaFunc(AlphaFunction.Greater, 0.1f); GL.Enable(EnableCap.Texture2D); GL.Hint(HintTarget.PerspectiveCorrectionHint, HintMode.Nicest); } With this function I load the texture: public static uint LoadTexture(string path) { uint id; GL.GenTextures(1, out id); GL.BindTexture(TextureTarget.Texture2D, id); Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(path); BitmapData data = bitmap.LockBits(new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, bitmap.Width, bitmap.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb); GL.TexImage2D(TextureTarget.Texture2D, 0, PixelInternalFormat.Rgba, data.Width, data.Height, 0, OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL.PixelFormat.Bgra, PixelType.UnsignedByte, data.Scan0); bitmap.UnlockBits(data); GL.TexParameter(TextureTarget.Texture2D, TextureParameterName.TextureMinFilter, (int)TextureMinFilter.Linear); GL.TexParameter(TextureTarget.Texture2D, TextureParameterName.TextureMagFilter, (int)TextureMagFilter.Linear); return id; } And here I call Sprite.Render() protected override void OnRenderFrame(FrameEventArgs e) { GL.ClearColor(Color.MidnightBlue); GL.Clear(ClearBufferMask.ColorBufferBit); _sprite.Render(); SwapBuffers(); base.OnRenderFrame(e); } As I stole this code from the Textures-Example from OpenTK, I don't understand why this doesn't work.

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• How do you make a precise countdown timer using clock_gettime? [migrated]

  - by Joshun

  Could somebody please explain how to make a countdown timer using clock_gettime, under Linux. I know you can use the clock() function to get cpu time, and multiply it by CLOCKS_PER_SEC to get actual time, but I'm told the clock() function is not well suited for this. So far I have attempted this (a billion is to pause for one second) #include <stdio.h> #include <time.h> #define BILLION 1000000000 int main() { struct timespec rawtime; clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW, &rawtime); unsigned long int current = ( rawtime.tv_sec + rawtime.tv_nsec ); unsigned long int end = (( rawtime.tv_sec + rawtime.tv_nsec ) + BILLION ); while ( current < end ) { clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW, &rawtime); current = ( rawtime.tv_sec + rawtime.tv_nsec ); } return 0; } I know this wouldn't be very useful on its own, but once I've found out how to time correctly I can use this in my projects. I know that sleep() can be used for this purpose, but I want to code the timer myself so that I can better integrate it in my projects - such as the possibility of it returning the time left, as opposed to pausing the whole program.

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• android client not working [migrated]

  - by Syeda Zunairah

  i have a java client and c# server the server code is static Socket listeningSocket; static Socket socket; static Thread thrReadRequest; static int iPort = 4444; static int iConnectionQueue = 100; static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine(IPAddress.Parse(getLocalIPAddress()).ToString()); try { listeningSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); //listeningSocket.Bind(new IPEndPoint(0, iPort)); listeningSocket.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(getLocalIPAddress()), iPort)); listeningSocket.Listen(iConnectionQueue); thrReadRequest = new Thread(new ThreadStart(getRequest)); thrReadRequest.Start(); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("Winsock error: " + e.ToString()); //throw; } } static private void getRequest() { int i = 0; while (true) { i++; Console.WriteLine("Outside Try i = {0}", i.ToString()); try { socket = listeningSocket.Accept(); // Receiving //byte[] rcvLenBytes = new byte[4]; //socket.Receive(rcvLenBytes); //int rcvLen = System.BitConverter.ToInt32(rcvLenBytes, 0); //byte[] rcvBytes = new byte[rcvLen]; //socket.Receive(rcvBytes); //String formattedBuffer = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(rcvBytes); byte[] buffer = new byte[socket.SendBufferSize]; int iBufferLength = socket.Receive(buffer, 0, buffer.Length, 0); Console.WriteLine("Received {0}", iBufferLength); Array.Resize(ref buffer, iBufferLength); string formattedBuffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer); Console.WriteLine("Data received by Client: {0}", formattedBuffer); if (formattedBuffer == "quit") { socket.Close(); listeningSocket.Close(); Environment.Exit(0); } Console.WriteLine("Inside Try i = {0}", i.ToString()); Thread.Sleep(500); } catch (Exception e) { //socket.Close(); Console.WriteLine("Receiving error: " + e.ToString()); Console.ReadKey(); //throw; } finally { socket.Close(); //listeningsocket.close(); } } } static private string getLocalIPAddress() { IPHostEntry host; string localIP = ""; host = Dns.GetHostEntry(Dns.GetHostName()); foreach (IPAddress ip in host.AddressList) { if (ip.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork) { localIP = ip.ToString(); break; } } return localIP; } } and the jave android code is private TCPClient mTcpClient; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); final EditText editText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edit_message); Button send = (Button)findViewById(R.id.sendbutton); // connect to the server new connectTask().execute(""); send.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { String message = editText.getText().toString(); //sends the message to the server if (mTcpClient != null) { mTcpClient.sendMessage(message); } editText.setText(""); } }); } @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu); return true; } public class connectTask extends AsyncTask<String,String,TCPClient> { @Override protected TCPClient doInBackground(String... message) { mTcpClient = new TCPClient(new TCPClient.OnMessageReceived() { @Override public void messageReceived(String message) { publishProgress(message); } }); mTcpClient.run(); return null; } @Override protected void onProgressUpdate(String... values) { super.onProgressUpdate(values); } } } when i run the server it gives output of try i=1. can any one tell me what to do next

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• QLogic QLE8152 won't link up with a fiber loop

  - by Mike Pennington

  I have a Dell R710 running Debian Linux 6.0 (Squeeze). I installed a QLogic QLE8152 CNA in the PCI-E riser today and I have been trying to get the CNA's ethernet layer to come up after I put a fiber loop on it; I also scoped it with a light meter, and the SFP+ transceiver is getting the correct amount of light. The whole time I have been working on this problem, the lights on the CNA are blinking green at a rate of about 1 flash every 3 seconds. When I plug the fiber into a Juniper EX4500 10GE in a rack next to it, the Juniper's link stays down as well. I have to confess that this is my first wrangling with a CNA, so perhaps I'm doing something fundamentally wrong, but here is what I have found so far... First the basics... [mpenning@Finger ~]$ uname -a Linux Finger 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 SMP Mon Oct 3 03:59:20 UTC 2011 x86_64 GNU/Linux [mpenning@Finger ~]$ cat /etc/issue Debian GNU/Linux 6.0 \n \l [mpenning@Finger ~]$ lspci -v shows that the card is properly installed (physically) 04:00.0 Ethernet controller: QLogic Corp. 10GbE Converged Network Adapter (TCP/IP Networking) (rev 02) Subsystem: QLogic Corp. Device 017e Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 34 I/O ports at e000 [size=256] Memory at df8f0000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Memory at df900000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M] Expansion ROM at df800000 [disabled] [size=256K] Capabilities: [44] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [4c] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [88] MSI: Enable- Count=1/32 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: [98] Vital Product Data Capabilities: [a0] MSI-X: Enable+ Count=8 Masked- Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting Capabilities: [138] Device Serial Number 00-c0-dd-ff-fe-1c-53-b4 Capabilities: [144] Power Budgeting <?> Kernel driver in use: qlge The output from ethtool shows that eth4 is the QLE8152... [mpenning@Finger ~]$ sudo ethtool eth4 Settings for eth4: Supported ports: [ FIBRE ] Supported link modes: 10000baseT/Full Supports auto-negotiation: No Advertised link modes: 10000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: No Speed: 10000Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: FIBRE PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: external Auto-negotiation: on Current message level: 0x000060f7 (24823) Link detected: no [mpenning@Finger ~]$ sudo ethtool -i eth4 driver: qlge version: v1.00.00-b3 firmware-version: v1.35.11 bus-info: 0000:04:00.0 [mpenning@Finger ~]$ Finally, I tried modprobe -r qlge; modprobe -r qla2xxx and then modprobe qla2xxx; modprobe qlge to kick the system again... I don't see a smoking gun in /var/log/messages... Nov 17 19:46:21 finger kernel: [ 6212.298275] qlge 0000:04:00.1: PCI INT B disabled Nov 17 19:46:22 finger kernel: [ 6213.779974] qlge 0000:04:00.0: PCI INT A disabled Nov 17 19:46:33 finger kernel: [ 6224.554074] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.3: PCI INT D disabled Nov 17 19:46:33 finger kernel: [ 6224.555322] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.2: PCI INT C disabled Nov 17 19:46:54 finger kernel: [ 6245.625854] QLogic Fibre Channel HBA Driver: 8.03.01-k6 Nov 17 19:46:54 finger kernel: [ 6245.625888] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.2: PCI INT C -> GSI 35 (level, low) -> IRQ 35 Nov 17 19:46:54 finger kernel: [ 6245.626837] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.2: MSI-X vector count: 7 Nov 17 19:46:54 finger kernel: [ 6245.626841] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.2: Found an ISP8001, irq 35, iobase 0xffffc90012664000 Nov 17 19:46:54 finger kernel: [ 6245.627113] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.2: Configuring PCI space... Nov 17 19:46:54 finger kernel: [ 6245.639429] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.2: Configure NVRAM parameters... Nov 17 19:46:54 finger kernel: [ 6245.642597] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.2: Verifying loaded RISC code... Nov 17 19:46:54 finger kernel: [ 6245.642708] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.2: FW: Loading from flash (a0000)... Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.273340] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.2: Allocated (64 KB) for FCE... Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.273401] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.2: Allocated (64 KB) for EFT... Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.273486] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.2: Allocated (1350 KB) for firmware dump... Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.273856] scsi9 : qla2xxx Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.274631] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.2: Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.274633] QLogic Fibre Channel HBA Driver: 8.03.01-k6 Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.274634] QLogic QLE8152 - QLogic PCI-Express Dual Channel 10GbE CNA Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.274636] ISP8001: PCIe (5.0GT/s x4) @ 0000:04:00.2 hdma+, host#=9, fw=5.01.04 (8d4) Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.274666] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.3: PCI INT D -> GSI 37 (level, low) -> IRQ 37 Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.274748] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.3: MSI-X vector count: 7 Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.274751] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.3: Found an ISP8001, irq 37, iobase 0xffffc900125c4000 Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.275098] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.3: Configuring PCI space... Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.287329] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.3: Configure NVRAM parameters... Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.290624] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.3: Verifying loaded RISC code... Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.290736] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.3: FW: Loading from flash (a0000)... Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.920204] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.3: Allocated (64 KB) for FCE... Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.920264] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.3: Allocated (64 KB) for EFT... Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.920345] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.3: Allocated (1350 KB) for firmware dump... Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.920749] scsi10 : qla2xxx Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.921715] qla2xxx 0000:04:00.3: Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.921716] QLogic Fibre Channel HBA Driver: 8.03.01-k6 Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.921717] QLogic QLE8152 - QLogic PCI-Express Dual Channel 10GbE CNA Nov 17 19:46:55 finger kernel: [ 6246.921719] ISP8001: PCIe (5.0GT/s x4) @ 0000:04:00.3 hdma+, host#=10, fw=5.01.04 (8d4) Nov 17 19:46:58 finger kernel: [ 6249.519911] qlge 0000:04:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 34 (level, low) -> IRQ 34 Nov 17 19:46:58 finger kernel: [ 6249.533970] qlge 0000:04:00.0: QLogic 10 Gigabit PCI-E Ethernet Driver Nov 17 19:46:58 finger kernel: [ 6249.533975] qlge 0000:04:00.0: Driver name: qlge, Version: v1.00.00-b3. Nov 17 19:46:58 finger kernel: [ 6249.534856] qlge 0000:04:00.0: ql_display_dev_info: Function #0, Port 0, NIC Roll 0, NIC Rev = 1, XG Roll = 0, XG Rev = 1. Nov 17 19:46:58 finger kernel: [ 6249.534860] qlge 0000:04:00.0: ql_display_dev_info: MAC address 00:c0:dd:1c:53:b4 Nov 17 19:46:58 finger kernel: [ 6249.534888] qlge 0000:04:00.1: PCI INT B -> GSI 44 (level, low) -> IRQ 44 Nov 17 19:46:58 finger kernel: [ 6249.549109] qlge 0000:04:00.1: ql_display_dev_info: Function #1, Port 1, NIC Roll 0, NIC Rev = 1, XG Roll = 0, XG Rev = 1. Nov 17 19:46:58 finger kernel: [ 6249.549112] qlge 0000:04:00.1: ql_display_dev_info: MAC address 00:c0:dd:1c:53:b6 Any assistance getting a link up on this is greatly appreciated...

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• Strange Recurrent Excessive I/O Wait

  - by Chris

  I know quite well that I/O wait has been discussed multiple times on this site, but all the other topics seem to cover constant I/O latency, while the I/O problem we need to solve on our server occurs at irregular (short) intervals, but is ever-present with massive spikes of up to 20k ms a-wait and service times of 2 seconds. The disk affected is /dev/sdb (Seagate Barracuda, for details see below). A typical iostat -x output would at times look like this, which is an extreme sample but by no means rare: iostat (Oct 6, 2013) tps rd_sec/s wr_sec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.00 0.00 156.00 9.75 21.89 288.12 36.00 57.60 5.50 0.00 44.00 8.00 48.79 2194.18 181.82 100.00 2.00 0.00 16.00 8.00 46.49 3397.00 500.00 100.00 4.50 0.00 40.00 8.89 43.73 5581.78 222.22 100.00 14.50 0.00 148.00 10.21 13.76 5909.24 68.97 100.00 1.50 0.00 12.00 8.00 8.57 7150.67 666.67 100.00 0.50 0.00 4.00 8.00 6.31 10168.00 2000.00 100.00 2.00 0.00 16.00 8.00 5.27 11001.00 500.00 100.00 0.50 0.00 4.00 8.00 2.96 17080.00 2000.00 100.00 34.00 0.00 1324.00 9.88 1.32 137.84 4.45 59.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.00 44.00 204.00 11.27 0.01 0.27 0.27 0.60 Let me provide you with some more information regarding the hardware. It's a Dell 1950 III box with Debian as OS where uname -a reports the following: Linux xx 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 SMP Fri Feb 15 15:39:52 UTC 2013 x86_64 GNU/Linux The machine is a dedicated server that hosts an online game without any databases or I/O heavy applications running. The core application consumes about 0.8 of the 8 GBytes RAM, and the average CPU load is relatively low. The game itself, however, reacts rather sensitive towards I/O latency and thus our players experience massive ingame lag, which we would like to address as soon as possible. iostat: avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 1.77 0.01 1.05 1.59 0.00 95.58 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sdb 13.16 25.42 135.12 504701011 2682640656 sda 1.52 0.74 20.63 14644533 409684488 Uptime is: 19:26:26 up 229 days, 17:26, 4 users, load average: 0.36, 0.37, 0.32 Harddisk controller: 01:00.0 RAID bus controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic MegaRAID SAS 1078 (rev 04) Harddisks: Array 1, RAID-1, 2x Seagate Cheetah 15K.5 73 GB SAS Array 2, RAID-1, 2x Seagate ST3500620SS Barracuda ES.2 500GB 16MB 7200RPM SAS Partition information from df: Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sdb1 480191156 30715200 425083668 7% /home /dev/sda2 7692908 437436 6864692 6% / /dev/sda5 15377820 1398916 13197748 10% /usr /dev/sda6 39159724 19158340 18012140 52% /var Some more data samples generated with iostat -dx sdb 1 (Oct 11, 2013) Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sdb 0.00 15.00 0.00 70.00 0.00 656.00 9.37 4.50 1.83 4.80 33.60 sdb 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 16.00 8.00 12.00 836.00 500.00 100.00 sdb 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 0.00 32.00 10.67 9.96 1990.67 333.33 100.00 sdb 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 0.00 40.00 10.00 6.96 3075.00 250.00 100.00 sdb 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 sdb 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 16.00 8.00 2.62 4648.00 500.00 100.00 sdb 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 sdb 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 16.00 16.00 1.69 7024.00 1000.00 100.00 sdb 0.00 74.00 0.00 124.00 0.00 1584.00 12.77 1.09 67.94 6.94 86.00 Characteristic charts generated with rrdtool can be found here: iostat plot 1, 24 min interval: http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/600/yqm3.png/ iostat plot 2, 120 min interval: http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/407/griw.png/ As we have a rather large cache of 5.5 GBytes, we thought it might be a good idea to test if the I/O wait spikes would perhaps be caused by cache miss events. Therefore, we did a sync and then this to flush the cache and buffers: echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches and directly afterwards the I/O wait and service times virtually went through the roof, and everything on the machine felt like slow motion. During the next few hours the latency recovered and everything was as before - small to medium lags in short, unpredictable intervals. Now my question is: does anybody have any idea what might cause this annoying behaviour? Is it the first indication of the disk array or the raid controller dying, or something that can be easily mended by rebooting? (At the moment we're very reluctant to do this, however, because we're afraid that the disks might not come back up again.) Any help is greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance, Chris. Edited to add: we do see one or two processes go to 'D' state in top, one of which seems to be kjournald rather frequently. If I'm not mistaken, however, this does not indicate the processes causing the latency, but rather those affected by it - correct me if I'm wrong. Does the information about uninterruptibly sleeping processes help us in any way to address the problem? @Andy Shinn requested smartctl data, here it is: smartctl -a -d megaraid,2 /dev/sdb yields: smartctl 5.40 2010-07-12 r3124 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-10 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net Device: SEAGATE ST3500620SS Version: MS05 Serial number: Device type: disk Transport protocol: SAS Local Time is: Mon Oct 14 20:37:13 2013 CEST Device supports SMART and is Enabled Temperature Warning Disabled or Not Supported SMART Health Status: OK Current Drive Temperature: 20 C Drive Trip Temperature: 68 C Elements in grown defect list: 0 Vendor (Seagate) cache information Blocks sent to initiator = 1236631092 Blocks received from initiator = 1097862364 Blocks read from cache and sent to initiator = 1383620256 Number of read and write commands whose size <= segment size = 531295338 Number of read and write commands whose size > segment size = 51986460 Vendor (Seagate/Hitachi) factory information number of hours powered up = 36556.93 number of minutes until next internal SMART test = 32 Error counter log: Errors Corrected by Total Correction Gigabytes Total ECC rereads/ errors algorithm processed uncorrected fast | delayed rewrites corrected invocations [10^9 bytes] errors read: 509271032 47 0 509271079 509271079 20981.423 0 write: 0 0 0 0 0 5022.039 0 verify: 1870931090 196 0 1870931286 1870931286 100558.708 0 Non-medium error count: 0 SMART Self-test log Num Test Status segment LifeTime LBA_first_err [SK ASC ASQ] Description number (hours) # 1 Background short Completed 16 36538 - [- - -] # 2 Background short Completed 16 36514 - [- - -] # 3 Background short Completed 16 36490 - [- - -] # 4 Background short Completed 16 36466 - [- - -] # 5 Background short Completed 16 36442 - [- - -] # 6 Background long Completed 16 36420 - [- - -] # 7 Background short Completed 16 36394 - [- - -] # 8 Background short Completed 16 36370 - [- - -] # 9 Background long Completed 16 36364 - [- - -] #10 Background short Completed 16 36361 - [- - -] #11 Background long Completed 16 2 - [- - -] #12 Background short Completed 16 0 - [- - -] Long (extended) Self Test duration: 6798 seconds [113.3 minutes] smartctl -a -d megaraid,3 /dev/sdb yields: smartctl 5.40 2010-07-12 r3124 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-10 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net Device: SEAGATE ST3500620SS Version: MS05 Serial number: Device type: disk Transport protocol: SAS Local Time is: Mon Oct 14 20:37:26 2013 CEST Device supports SMART and is Enabled Temperature Warning Disabled or Not Supported SMART Health Status: OK Current Drive Temperature: 19 C Drive Trip Temperature: 68 C Elements in grown defect list: 0 Vendor (Seagate) cache information Blocks sent to initiator = 288745640 Blocks received from initiator = 1097848399 Blocks read from cache and sent to initiator = 1304149705 Number of read and write commands whose size <= segment size = 527414694 Number of read and write commands whose size > segment size = 51986460 Vendor (Seagate/Hitachi) factory information number of hours powered up = 36596.83 number of minutes until next internal SMART test = 28 Error counter log: Errors Corrected by Total Correction Gigabytes Total ECC rereads/ errors algorithm processed uncorrected fast | delayed rewrites corrected invocations [10^9 bytes] errors read: 610862490 44 0 610862534 610862534 20470.133 0 write: 0 0 0 0 0 5022.480 0 verify: 2861227413 203 0 2861227616 2861227616 100872.443 0 Non-medium error count: 1 SMART Self-test log Num Test Status segment LifeTime LBA_first_err [SK ASC ASQ] Description number (hours) # 1 Background short Completed 16 36580 - [- - -] # 2 Background short Completed 16 36556 - [- - -] # 3 Background short Completed 16 36532 - [- - -] # 4 Background short Completed 16 36508 - [- - -] # 5 Background short Completed 16 36484 - [- - -] # 6 Background long Completed 16 36462 - [- - -] # 7 Background short Completed 16 36436 - [- - -] # 8 Background short Completed 16 36412 - [- - -] # 9 Background long Completed 16 36404 - [- - -] #10 Background short Completed 16 36401 - [- - -] #11 Background long Completed 16 2 - [- - -] #12 Background short Completed 16 0 - [- - -] Long (extended) Self Test duration: 6798 seconds [113.3 minutes]

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• Linux servers going into Halt when pressing Control-D in putty or exit in the shell

  - by Itai Ganot

  Since today at noon, there's a number of Linux CentOS servers which are going to Halt whenever i type exit or use Control-D to close the putty window. Did anyone encounter this weird behavior before? I've checked the aliases list on the servers and there is no alias regarding halt command. After the server came online i've checked the history and saw a "logout" command there but nothing which is related to Halt. At first, i thought it happens only from my computer but later i realized that it happens to everyone which types exit, logout or control+d. 2 of these server are our main iptables firewalls and so it's super critical, your assistance is much appreciated. It looks like that, and it only happens on servers with active IPTables: [root@srv1 bin]# ssh srv2 root@srv2's password: Last login: Sun Nov 11 17:19:41 2012 from 192.168.12.98 [root@srv2 ~]# vim /etc/crontab [root@srv2 ~]# exit logout Broadcast message from root (pts/1) (Tue Nov 13 10:44:04 2012): The system is going down for system halt NOW! Connection to srv2 closed. [root@srv1 bin]# In my troubleshooting steps i came across the command strace, and so i've opened two bash windows to one of the problematic server and i used strace -p PID_of_bash. When i typed in exit in the first shell it did go to halt, attached is the strace output, if you can check it out and tell me if you see anything suspicious i'd be more than thankful. RER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGALRM, {0x4484f0, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTSTP, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTOU, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTIN, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGWINCH, {0x448370, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x47c410, [], SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, 9) = 3 sendmsg(3, {msg_name(12)={sa_family=AF_NETLINK, pid=0, groups=00000000}, msg_iov(2)=[{"\25\0\0\0d\4\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 16}, {"exit\0", 5}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 21 close(3) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 write(2, "logout\n", 7) = 7 write(2, "There are stopped jobs.\n", 24) = 24 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [INT CHLD], [], 8) = 0 pipe([3, 4]) = 0 clone(child_stack=0, flags=CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID|CLONE_CHILD_SETTID|SIGCHLD, child_tidptr=0x2b0e45db6fe0) = 23717 setpgid(23717, 23717) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0 close(3) = 0 close(4) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD TSTP TTIN TTOU], [CHLD], 8) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCSPGRP, [23717]) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [CHLD], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0 wait4(-1, [{WIFEXITED(s) && WEXITSTATUS(s) == 0}], WSTOPPED|WCONTINUED, NULL) = 23717 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD TSTP TTIN TTOU], [CHLD], 8) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCSPGRP, [20458]) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [CHLD], NULL, 8) = 0 ioctl(255, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCGWINSZ, {ws_row=53, ws_col=211, ws_xpixel=0, ws_ypixel=0}) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 --- SIGCHLD (Child exited) @ 0 (0) --- wait4(-1, 0x7fff395da984, WNOHANG|WSTOPPED|WCONTINUED, NULL) = 0 rt_sigreturn(0x11) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD TSTP TTIN TTOU], [], 8) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCSPGRP, [20458]) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [INT], [], 8) = 0 ioctl(0, TIOCGWINSZ, {ws_row=53, ws_col=211, ws_xpixel=0, ws_ypixel=0}) = 0 ioctl(0, TIOCSWINSZ, {ws_row=53, ws_col=211, ws_xpixel=0, ws_ypixel=0}) = 0 ioctl(0, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0 ioctl(0, SNDCTL_TMR_STOP or TCSETSW, {B38400 opost isig -icanon -echo ...}) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [INT QUIT ALRM TSTP TTIN TTOU], [], 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGALRM, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x4484f0, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTSTP, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTSTP, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTOU, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTOU, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTIN, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTIN, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGWINCH, {0x47c410, [], SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x448370, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 write(2, "[root@g2-lga ~]# ", 17) = 17 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 read(0, "e", 1) = 1 write(2, "e", 1) = 1 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 read(0, "x", 1) = 1 write(2, "x", 1) = 1 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 read(0, "i", 1) = 1 write(2, "i", 1) = 1 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 read(0, "t", 1) = 1 write(2, "t", 1) = 1 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 read(0, "\r", 1) = 1 write(2, "\n", 1) = 1 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [INT], [], 8) = 0 ioctl(0, SNDCTL_TMR_STOP or TCSETSW, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGALRM, {0x4484f0, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x47c450, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTSTP, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTOU, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTIN, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGWINCH, {0x448370, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x47c410, [], SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, 9) = 3 sendmsg(3, {msg_name(12)={sa_family=AF_NETLINK, pid=0, groups=00000000}, msg_iov(2)=[{"\25\0\0\0d\4\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 16}, {"exit\0", 5}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 21 close(3) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 write(2, "logout\n", 7) = 7 open("/root/.bash_logout", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=24, ...}) = 0 read(3, "# ~/.bash_logout\n\nclear\n", 24) = 24 close(3) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 stat(".", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0750, st_size=12288, ...}) = 0 stat("/usr/kerberos/sbin/clear", 0x7fff395da960) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat("/usr/kerberos/bin/clear", 0x7fff395da960) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat("/usr/local/sbin/clear", 0x7fff395da960) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat("/usr/local/bin/clear", 0x7fff395da960) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat("/sbin/clear", 0x7fff395da960) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat("/bin/clear", 0x7fff395da960) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat("/usr/sbin/clear", 0x7fff395da960) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) stat("/usr/bin/clear", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=12712, ...}) = 0 access("/usr/bin/clear", X_OK) = 0 access("/usr/bin/clear", R_OK) = 0 stat("/usr/bin/clear", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=12712, ...}) = 0 access("/usr/bin/clear", X_OK) = 0 access("/usr/bin/clear", R_OK) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [INT CHLD], [], 8) = 0 pipe([3, 4]) = 0 clone(child_stack=0, flags=CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID|CLONE_CHILD_SETTID|SIGCHLD, child_tidptr=0x2b0e45db6fe0) = 23726 setpgid(23726, 23726) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0 close(3) = 0 close(4) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD TSTP TTIN TTOU], [CHLD], 8) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCSPGRP, [23726]) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [CHLD], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0 wait4(-1, Broadcast message from root (pts/0) (Wed Nov 14 12:41:44 2012): The system is going down for system halt NOW! [{WIFEXITED(s) && WEXITSTATUS(s) == 0}], WSTOPPED|WCONTINUED, NULL) = 23726 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD TSTP TTIN TTOU], [CHLD], 8) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCSPGRP, [20458]) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [CHLD], NULL, 8) = 0 ioctl(255, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCGWINSZ, {ws_row=53, ws_col=211, ws_xpixel=0, ws_ypixel=0}) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 --- SIGCHLD (Child exited) @ 0 (0) --- wait4(-1, 0x7fff395da634, WNOHANG|WSTOPPED|WCONTINUED, NULL) = 0 rt_sigreturn(0x11) = 0 open("/etc/bash.bash_logout", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, {0x448700, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x2b0e45a8f2f0}, 8) = 0 stat("/root/.bash_history", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0600, st_size=28900, ...}) = 0 open("/root/.bash_history", O_WRONLY|O_APPEND) = 3 write(3, "cd /etc/profile.d/\nls\nls -alrt\ng"..., 1120) = 1120 close(3) = 0 open("/root/.bash_history", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0600, st_size=30020, ...}) = 0 read(3, "history \nping g1-lga\nping g1-lga"..., 30020) = 30020 close(3) = 0 open("/root/.bash_history", O_WRONLY|O_TRUNC) = 3 write(3, "grep \"216.18\" *\nhistory \nexit\nvi"..., 27609) = 27609 close(3) = 0 kill(4294965658, SIGTERM) = 0 kill(4294965658, SIGCONT) = 0 --- SIGCHLD (Child exited) @ 0 (0) --- wait4(-1, [{WIFSIGNALED(s) && WTERMSIG(s) == SIGTERM}], WNOHANG|WSTOPPED|WCONTINUED, NULL) = 1638 wait4(-1, 0x7fff395dac34, WNOHANG|WSTOPPED|WCONTINUED, NULL) = -1 ECHILD (No child processes) rt_sigreturn(0x11) = 0 --- SIGCHLD (Child exited) @ 0 (0) --- wait4(-1, 0x7fff395dac34, WNOHANG|WSTOPPED|WCONTINUED, NULL) = -1 ECHILD (No child processes) rt_sigreturn(0xffffffffffffffff) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD TSTP TTIN TTOU], [], 8) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCSPGRP, [20458]) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 setpgid(0, 20458) = -1 EPERM (Operation not permitted) exit_group(1) = ? Process 20458 detached [root@g2-lga ~]#

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• Dynamic Type to do away with Reflection

  - by Rick Strahl

  The dynamic type in C# 4.0 is a welcome addition to the language. One thing I’ve been doing a lot with it is to remove explicit Reflection code that’s often necessary when you ‘dynamically’ need to walk and object hierarchy. In the past I’ve had a number of ReflectionUtils that used string based expressions to walk an object hierarchy. With the introduction of dynamic much of the ReflectionUtils code can be removed for cleaner code that runs considerably faster to boot. The old Way - Reflection Here’s a really contrived example, but assume for a second, you’d want to dynamically retrieve a Page.Request.Url.AbsoluteUrl based on a Page instance in an ASP.NET Web Page request. The strongly typed version looks like this: string path = Page.Request.Url.AbsolutePath; Now assume for a second that Page wasn’t available as a strongly typed instance and all you had was an object reference to start with and you couldn’t cast it (right I said this was contrived :-)) If you’re using raw Reflection code to retrieve this you’d end up writing 3 sets of Reflection calls using GetValue(). Here’s some internal code I use to retrieve Property values as part of ReflectionUtils: /// <summary> /// Retrieve a property value from an object dynamically. This is a simple version /// that uses Reflection calls directly. It doesn't support indexers. /// </summary> /// <param name="instance">Object to make the call on</param> /// <param name="property">Property to retrieve</param> /// <returns>Object - cast to proper type</returns> public static object GetProperty(object instance, string property) { return instance.GetType().GetProperty(property, ReflectionUtils.MemberAccess).GetValue(instance, null); } If you want more control over properties and support both fields and properties as well as array indexers a little more work is required: /// <summary> /// Parses Properties and Fields including Array and Collection references. /// Used internally for the 'Ex' Reflection methods. /// </summary> /// <param name="Parent"></param> /// <param name="Property"></param> /// <returns></returns> private static object GetPropertyInternal(object Parent, string Property) { if (Property == "this" || Property == "me") return Parent; object result = null; string pureProperty = Property; string indexes = null; bool isArrayOrCollection = false; // Deal with Array Property if (Property.IndexOf("[") > -1) { pureProperty = Property.Substring(0, Property.IndexOf("[")); indexes = Property.Substring(Property.IndexOf("[")); isArrayOrCollection = true; } // Get the member MemberInfo member = Parent.GetType().GetMember(pureProperty, ReflectionUtils.MemberAccess)[0]; if (member.MemberType == MemberTypes.Property) result = ((PropertyInfo)member).GetValue(Parent, null); else result = ((FieldInfo)member).GetValue(Parent); if (isArrayOrCollection) { indexes = indexes.Replace("[", string.Empty).Replace("]", string.Empty); if (result is Array) { int Index = -1; int.TryParse(indexes, out Index); result = CallMethod(result, "GetValue", Index); } else if (result is ICollection) { if (indexes.StartsWith("\"")) { // String Index indexes = indexes.Trim('\"'); result = CallMethod(result, "get_Item", indexes); } else { // assume numeric index int index = -1; int.TryParse(indexes, out index); result = CallMethod(result, "get_Item", index); } } } return result; } /// <summary> /// Returns a property or field value using a base object and sub members including . syntax. /// For example, you can access: oCustomer.oData.Company with (this,"oCustomer.oData.Company") /// This method also supports indexers in the Property value such as: /// Customer.DataSet.Tables["Customers"].Rows[0] /// </summary> /// <param name="Parent">Parent object to 'start' parsing from. Typically this will be the Page.</param> /// <param name="Property">The property to retrieve. Example: 'Customer.Entity.Company'</param> /// <returns></returns> public static object GetPropertyEx(object Parent, string Property) { Type type = Parent.GetType(); int at = Property.IndexOf("."); if (at < 0) { // Complex parse of the property return GetPropertyInternal(Parent, Property); } // Walk the . syntax - split into current object (Main) and further parsed objects (Subs) string main = Property.Substring(0, at); string subs = Property.Substring(at + 1); // Retrieve the next . section of the property object sub = GetPropertyInternal(Parent, main); // Now go parse the left over sections return GetPropertyEx(sub, subs); } As you can see there’s a fair bit of code involved into retrieving a property or field value reliably especially if you want to support array indexer syntax. This method is then used by a variety of routines to retrieve individual properties including one called GetPropertyEx() which can walk the dot syntax hierarchy easily. Anyway with ReflectionUtils I can  retrieve Page.Request.Url.AbsolutePath using code like this: string url = ReflectionUtils.GetPropertyEx(Page, "Request.Url.AbsolutePath") as string; This works fine, but is bulky to write and of course requires that I use my custom routines. It’s also quite slow as the code in GetPropertyEx does all sorts of string parsing to figure out which members to walk in the hierarchy. Enter dynamic – way easier! .NET 4.0’s dynamic type makes the above really easy. The following code is all that it takes: object objPage = Page; // force to object for contrivance :) dynamic page = objPage; // convert to dynamic from untyped object string scriptUrl = page.Request.Url.AbsolutePath; The dynamic type assignment in the first two lines turns the strongly typed Page object into a dynamic. The first assignment is just part of the contrived example to force the strongly typed Page reference into an untyped value to demonstrate the dynamic member access. The next line then just creates the dynamic type from the Page reference which allows you to access any public properties and methods easily. It also lets you access any child properties as dynamic types so when you look at Intellisense you’ll see something like this when typing Request.: In other words any dynamic value access on an object returns another dynamic object which is what allows the walking of the hierarchy chain. Note also that the result value doesn’t have to be explicitly cast as string in the code above – the compiler is perfectly happy without the cast in this case inferring the target type based on the type being assigned to. The dynamic conversion automatically handles the cast when making the final assignment which is nice making for natural syntnax that looks *exactly* like the fully typed syntax, but is completely dynamic. Note that you can also use indexers in the same natural syntax so the following also works on the dynamic page instance: string scriptUrl = page.Request.ServerVariables["SCRIPT_NAME"]; The dynamic type is going to make a lot of Reflection code go away as it’s simply so much nicer to be able to use natural syntax to write out code that previously required nasty Reflection syntax. Another interesting thing about the dynamic type is that it actually works considerably faster than Reflection. Check out the following methods that check performance: void Reflection() { Stopwatch stop = new Stopwatch(); stop.Start(); for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) { // string url = ReflectionUtils.GetProperty(Page,"Title") as string;// "Request.Url.AbsolutePath") as string; string url = Page.GetType().GetProperty("Title", ReflectionUtils.MemberAccess).GetValue(Page, null) as string; } stop.Stop(); Response.Write("Reflection: " + stop.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString()); } void Dynamic() { Stopwatch stop = new Stopwatch(); stop.Start(); dynamic page = Page; for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) { string url = page.Title; //Request.Url.AbsolutePath; } stop.Stop(); Response.Write("Dynamic: " + stop.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString()); } The dynamic code runs in 4-5 milliseconds while the Reflection code runs around 200+ milliseconds! There’s a bit of overhead in the first dynamic object call but subsequent calls are blazing fast and performance is actually much better than manual Reflection. Dynamic is definitely a huge win-win situation when you need dynamic access to objects at runtime.© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2010Posted in .NET  CSharp  

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• "Enumeration yielded no results" When using Query Syntax in C#

  - by Shantanu Gupta

  I have created this query to fetch some result from database. Here is my table structure. What exaclty is happening. DtMapGuestDepartment as Table 1 DtDepartment as Table 2 Are being used var dept_list= from map in DtMapGuestDepartment.AsEnumerable() where map.Field<Nullable<long>>("GUEST_ID") == DRowGuestPI.Field<Nullable<long>>("PK_GUEST_ID") join dept in DtDepartment.AsEnumerable() on map.Field<Nullable<long>>("DEPARTMENT_ID") equals dept.Field<Nullable<long>>("DEPARTMENT_ID") select dept.Field<string>("DEPARTMENT_ID"); I am performing this query on DataTables and expect it to return me a datatable. Here I want to select distinct department from Table 1 as well which will be my next quest. Please answer to that also if possible.

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• How to set MinWorkingSet and MaxWorkingSet in a 64-bit .NET process?

  - by Gravitas

  How do I set MinWorkingSet and MaxWorking set for a 64-bit .NET process? p.s. I can set the MinWorkingSet and MaxWorking set for a 32-bit process, as follows: [DllImport("KERNEL32.DLL", EntryPoint = "SetProcessWorkingSetSize", SetLastError = true, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)] internal static extern bool SetProcessWorkingSetSize(IntPtr pProcess, int dwMinimumWorkingSetSize, int dwMaximumWorkingSetSize); [DllImport("KERNEL32.DLL", EntryPoint = "GetCurrentProcess", SetLastError = true, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)] internal static extern IntPtr MyGetCurrentProcess(); // In main(): SetProcessWorkingSetSize(Process.GetCurrentProcess().Handle, int.MaxValue, int.MaxValue); Update: Unfortunately, even if we do this call, the garbage collection trims the working set down anyway, bypassing MinWorkingSet (see "Automatic GC.Collect() in the diagram below). Question: Is there a way to lock the WorkingSet (the green line) to 1GB, to avoid the spike in page faults (the red lines) that occur when allocating new memory into the process? p.s. Every time a page fault occurs, it blocks the thread for 250us, which hits application performance badly.

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• Code Contracts with Interfaces: "Method Invocation skipped. Compiler will generate method invocation

  - by Jörg Battermann

  Good evening, I just started playing with Microsoft.Contracts (latest version) and plugging it on top of a sample interface and right now it looks like this: namespace iRMA2.Core.Interfaces { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel.Composition; using System.Diagnostics.Contracts; /// <summary> /// Base Interface declarations for iRMA2 Extensions /// </summary> [InheritedExport] [ContractClass(typeof(IiRMA2ExtensionContract))] public interface IiRMA2Extension { /// <summary> /// Gets the name. /// </summary> /// <value>The name of the Extension.</value> string Name { get; } /// <summary> /// Gets the description. /// </summary> /// <value>The description.</value> string Description { get; } /// <summary> /// Gets the author of the extension. Please provide complete information to get in touch with author(s) and the corresponding department /// </summary> /// <value>The author of the extensions.</value> string Author { get; } /// <summary> /// Gets the major version. /// </summary> /// <value>The major version of the extension.</value> int MajorVersion { get; } /// <summary> /// Gets the minor version. /// </summary> /// <value>The minor version.</value> int MinorVersion { get; } /// <summary> /// Gets the build number. /// </summary> /// <value>The build number.</value> int BuildNumber { get; } /// <summary> /// Gets the revision. /// </summary> /// <value>The revision.</value> int Revision { get; } /// <summary> /// Gets the depends on. /// </summary> /// <value>The dependencies to other <c>IiRMA2Extension</c> this one has.</value> IList<IiRMA2Extension> DependsOn { get; } } /// <summary> /// Contract class for <c>IiRMA2Extension</c> /// </summary> [ContractClassFor(typeof(IiRMA2Extension))] internal sealed class IiRMA2ExtensionContract : IiRMA2Extension { #region Implementation of IiRMA2Extension /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the name. /// </summary> /// <value>The name of the Extension.</value> public string Name { get { Contract.Ensures(!String.IsNullOrEmpty(Contract.Result<string>())); return default(string); } set { Contract.Requires(value != null); } } /// <summary> /// Gets the description. /// </summary> /// <value>The description.</value> public string Description { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } /// <summary> /// Gets the author of the extension. Please provide complete information to get in touch with author(s) and the corresponding department /// </summary> /// <value>The author of the extensions.</value> public string Author { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } /// <summary> /// Gets the major version. /// </summary> /// <value>The major version of the extension.</value> public int MajorVersion { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } /// <summary> /// Gets the minor version. /// </summary> /// <value>The minor version.</value> public int MinorVersion { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } /// <summary> /// Gets the build number. /// </summary> /// <value>The build number.</value> public int BuildNumber { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } /// <summary> /// Gets the revision. /// </summary> /// <value>The revision.</value> public int Revision { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } /// <summary> /// Gets the Extensions this one depends on. /// </summary> /// <value>The dependencies to other <c>IiRMA2Extension</c> this one has.</value> public IList<IiRMA2Extension> DependsOn { get { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<IList<IiRMA2Extension>>() != null); return default(IList<IiRMA2Extension>); } } #endregion } } Now why are the two Contract.Ensures(...) 'blured' out visually with the tooltip saying "Method Invocation skipped. Compiler will generate method invocation because the method is conditional or it is partial method without implementation" and in fact the CodeContracts output does not count/show them... What am I missing & doing wrong here? -J

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• WPF 3.5 RenderTargetBitmap memory hog

  - by kingRauk

  I have a 3.5 WPF application that use's RenderTargetBitmap. It eat's memory like a big bear. It's is a know problem in 3.5 that RenderTargetBitmap.Render has memory problems. Have find some solutions for it, but i doesnt help. https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/489723/rendertargetbitmap-render-method-causes-a-memory-leak Program takes too much memory And more... Does anyway have any more ideas to solve it... static Image Method(FrameworkElement e, int width, int height) { const int dpi = 192; e.Width = width; e.Height = height; e.Arrange(new Rect(0, 0, width, height)); e.UpdateLayout(); if(element is Graph) (element as Graph).UpdateComponents(); var bitmap = new RenderTargetBitmap((int)(width*dpi/96.0), (int)(height*dpi/96.0), dpi, dpi, PixelFormats.Pbgra32); bitmap.Render(element); var encoder = new PngBitmapEncoder(); encoder.Frames.Add(BitmapFrame.Create(bitmap)); using (var stream = new MemoryStream()) { encoder.Save(stream); element.Clip = null; Dispose(element); bitmap.Freeze(); DisposeRender(bitmap); bitmap.Clear(); GC.Collect(); GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers(); return System.Drawing.Image.FromStream(stream); } } public static void Dispose(FrameworkElement element) { GC.Collect(); GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers(); GC.Collect(); } public static void DisposeRender(RenderTargetBitmap bitmap) { if (bitmap != null) bitmap.Clear(); bitmap = null; GC.Collect(); GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers(); }

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• Compare images after canny edge detection in OpenCV (C++)

  - by typoknig

  Hi all, I am working on an OpenCV project and I need to compare some images after canny has been applied to both of them. Before the canny was applied I had the gray scale images populating a histogram and then I compared the histograms, but when canny is added to the images the histogram does not populate. I have read that a canny image can populate a histogram, but have not found a way to make it happen. I do not necessairly need to keep using the histograms, I just want to know the best way to compare two canny images. SSCCE below for you to chew on. I have poached and patched about 75% of this code from books and various sites on the internet, so props to those guys... // SLC (Histogram).cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application. #include "stdafx.h" #include <cxcore.h> #include <cv.h> #include <cvaux.h> #include <highgui.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> using namespace std; IplImage* image1= 0; IplImage* imgHistogram1 = 0; IplImage* gray1= 0; CvHistogram* hist1; int main(){ CvCapture* capture = cvCaptureFromCAM(0); if(!cvQueryFrame(capture)){ cout<<"Video capture failed, please check the camera."<<endl; } else{ cout<<"Video camera capture successful!"<<endl; }; CvSize sz = cvGetSize(cvQueryFrame(capture)); IplImage* image = cvCreateImage(sz, 8, 3); IplImage* imgHistogram = 0; IplImage* gray = 0; CvHistogram* hist; cvNamedWindow("Image Source",1); cvNamedWindow("gray", 1); cvNamedWindow("Histogram",1); cvNamedWindow("BG", 1); cvNamedWindow("FG", 1); cvNamedWindow("Canny",1); cvNamedWindow("Canny1", 1); image1 = cvLoadImage("image bin/use this image.jpg");// an image has to load here or the program will not run //size of the histogram -1D histogram int bins1 = 256; int hsize1[] = {bins1}; //max and min value of the histogram float max_value1 = 0, min_value1 = 0; //value and normalized value float value1; int normalized1; //ranges - grayscale 0 to 256 float xranges1[] = { 0, 256 }; float* ranges1[] = { xranges1 }; //create an 8 bit single channel image to hold a //grayscale version of the original picture gray1 = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(image1), 8, 1 ); cvCvtColor( image1, gray1, CV_BGR2GRAY ); IplImage* canny1 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(gray1), 8, 1 ); cvCanny( gray1, canny1, 55, 175, 3 ); //Create 3 windows to show the results cvNamedWindow("original1",1); cvNamedWindow("gray1",1); cvNamedWindow("histogram1",1); //planes to obtain the histogram, in this case just one IplImage* planes1[] = { canny1 }; //get the histogram and some info about it hist1 = cvCreateHist( 1, hsize1, CV_HIST_ARRAY, ranges1,1); cvCalcHist( planes1, hist1, 0, NULL); cvGetMinMaxHistValue( hist1, &min_value1, &max_value1); printf("min: %f, max: %f\n", min_value1, max_value1); //create an 8 bits single channel image to hold the histogram //paint it white imgHistogram1 = cvCreateImage(cvSize(bins1, 50),8,1); cvRectangle(imgHistogram1, cvPoint(0,0), cvPoint(256,50), CV_RGB(255,255,255),-1); //draw the histogram :P for(int i=0; i < bins1; i++){ value1 = cvQueryHistValue_1D( hist1, i); normalized1 = cvRound(value1*50/max_value1); cvLine(imgHistogram1,cvPoint(i,50), cvPoint(i,50-normalized1), CV_RGB(0,0,0)); } //show the image results cvShowImage( "original1", image1 ); cvShowImage( "gray1", gray1 ); cvShowImage( "histogram1", imgHistogram1 ); cvShowImage( "Canny1", canny1); CvBGStatModel* bg_model = cvCreateFGDStatModel( image ); for(;;){ image = cvQueryFrame(capture); cvUpdateBGStatModel( image, bg_model ); //Size of the histogram -1D histogram int bins = 256; int hsize[] = {bins}; //Max and min value of the histogram float max_value = 0, min_value = 0; //Value and normalized value float value; int normalized; //Ranges - grayscale 0 to 256 float xranges[] = {0, 256}; float* ranges[] = {xranges}; //Create an 8 bit single channel image to hold a grayscale version of the original picture gray = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(image), 8, 1); cvCvtColor(image, gray, CV_BGR2GRAY); IplImage* canny = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(gray), 8, 1 ); cvCanny( gray, canny, 55, 175, 3 );//55, 175, 3 with direct light //Planes to obtain the histogram, in this case just one IplImage* planes[] = {canny}; //Get the histogram and some info about it hist = cvCreateHist(1, hsize, CV_HIST_ARRAY, ranges,1); cvCalcHist(planes, hist, 0, NULL); cvGetMinMaxHistValue(hist, &min_value, &max_value); //printf("Minimum Histogram Value: %f, Maximum Histogram Value: %f\n", min_value, max_value); //Create an 8 bits single channel image to hold the histogram and paint it white imgHistogram = cvCreateImage(cvSize(bins, 50),8,3); cvRectangle(imgHistogram, cvPoint(0,0), cvPoint(256,50), CV_RGB(255,255,255),-1); //Draw the histogram for(int i=0; i < bins; i++){ value = cvQueryHistValue_1D(hist, i); normalized = cvRound(value*50/max_value); cvLine(imgHistogram,cvPoint(i,50), cvPoint(i,50-normalized), CV_RGB(0,0,0)); } double correlation = cvCompareHist (hist1, hist, CV_COMP_CORREL); double chisquare = cvCompareHist (hist1, hist, CV_COMP_CHISQR); double intersection = cvCompareHist (hist1, hist, CV_COMP_INTERSECT); double bhattacharyya = cvCompareHist (hist1, hist, CV_COMP_BHATTACHARYYA); double difference = (1 - correlation) + chisquare + (1 - intersection) + bhattacharyya; printf("correlation: %f\n", correlation); printf("chi-square: %f\n", chisquare); printf("intersection: %f\n", intersection); printf("bhattacharyya: %f\n", bhattacharyya); printf("difference: %f\n", difference); cvShowImage("Image Source", image); cvShowImage("gray", gray); cvShowImage("Histogram", imgHistogram); cvShowImage( "Canny", canny); cvShowImage("BG", bg_model->background); cvShowImage("FG", bg_model->foreground); //Page 19 paragraph 3 of "Learning OpenCV" tells us why we DO NOT use "cvReleaseImage(&image)" in this section cvReleaseImage(&imgHistogram); cvReleaseImage(&gray); cvReleaseHist(&hist); cvReleaseImage(&canny); char c = cvWaitKey(10); //if ASCII key 27 (esc) is pressed then loop breaks if(c==27) break; } cvReleaseBGStatModel( &bg_model ); cvReleaseImage(&image); cvReleaseCapture(&capture); cvDestroyAllWindows(); }

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• ASP.NET MVC - dropdown list post handling problem

  - by ile

  I've had troubles for a few days already with handling form that contains dropdown list. I tried all that I've learned so far but nothing helps. This is my code: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using CMS; using CMS.Model; using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; namespace Portal.Models { public class ArticleDisplay { public ArticleDisplay() { } public int CategoryID { set; get; } public string CategoryTitle { set; get; } public int ArticleID { set; get; } public string ArticleTitle { set; get; } public DateTime ArticleDate; public string ArticleContent { set; get; } } public class HomePageViewModel { public HomePageViewModel(IEnumerable<ArticleDisplay> summaries, Article article) { this.ArticleSummaries = summaries; this.NewArticle = article; } public IEnumerable<ArticleDisplay> ArticleSummaries { get; private set; } public Article NewArticle { get; private set; } } public class ArticleRepository { private DB db = new DB(); // // Query Methods public IQueryable<ArticleDisplay> FindAllArticles() { var result = from category in db.ArticleCategories join article in db.Articles on category.CategoryID equals article.CategoryID orderby article.Date descending select new ArticleDisplay { CategoryID = category.CategoryID, CategoryTitle = category.Title, ArticleID = article.ArticleID, ArticleTitle = article.Title, ArticleDate = article.Date, ArticleContent = article.Content }; return result; } public IQueryable<ArticleDisplay> FindTodayArticles() { var result = from category in db.ArticleCategories join article in db.Articles on category.CategoryID equals article.CategoryID where article.Date == DateTime.Today select new ArticleDisplay { CategoryID = category.CategoryID, CategoryTitle = category.Title, ArticleID = article.ArticleID, ArticleTitle = article.Title, ArticleDate = article.Date, ArticleContent = article.Content }; return result; } public Article GetArticle(int id) { return db.Articles.SingleOrDefault(d => d.ArticleID == id); } public IQueryable<ArticleDisplay> DetailsArticle(int id) { var result = from category in db.ArticleCategories join article in db.Articles on category.CategoryID equals article.CategoryID where id == article.ArticleID select new ArticleDisplay { CategoryID = category.CategoryID, CategoryTitle = category.Title, ArticleID = article.ArticleID, ArticleTitle = article.Title, ArticleDate = article.Date, ArticleContent = article.Content }; return result; } // // Insert/Delete Methods public void Add(Article article) { db.Articles.InsertOnSubmit(article); } public void Delete(Article article) { db.Articles.DeleteOnSubmit(article); } // // Persistence public void Save() { db.SubmitChanges(); } } } using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Mvc; using Portal.Models; using CMS.Model; namespace Portal.Areas.CMS.Controllers { public class ArticleController : Controller { ArticleRepository articleRepository = new ArticleRepository(); ArticleCategoryRepository articleCategoryRepository = new ArticleCategoryRepository(); // // GET: /Article/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewData["categories"] = new SelectList ( articleCategoryRepository.FindAllCategories().ToList(), "CategoryId", "Title" ); Article article = new Article() { Date = DateTime.Now, CategoryID = 1 }; HomePageViewModel homeData = new HomePageViewModel(articleRepository.FindAllArticles().ToList(), article); return View(homeData); } // // GET: /Article/Details/5 public ActionResult Details(int id) { var article = articleRepository.DetailsArticle(id).Single(); if (article == null) return View("NotFound"); return View(article); } // // GET: /Article/Create //public ActionResult Create() //{ // ViewData["categories"] = new SelectList // ( // articleCategoryRepository.FindAllCategories().ToList(), "CategoryId", "Title" // ); // Article article = new Article() // { // Date = DateTime.Now, // CategoryID = 1 // }; // return View(article); //} // // POST: /Article/Create [ValidateInput(false)] [AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs.Post)] public ActionResult Create(Article article) { if (ModelState.IsValid) { try { // TODO: Add insert logic here articleRepository.Add(article); articleRepository.Save(); return RedirectToAction("Index"); } catch { return View(article); } } else { return View(article); } } // // GET: /Article/Edit/5 public ActionResult Edit(int id) { ViewData["categories"] = new SelectList ( articleCategoryRepository.FindAllCategories().ToList(), "CategoryId", "Title" ); var article = articleRepository.GetArticle(id); return View(article); } // // POST: /Article/Edit/5 [ValidateInput(false)] [AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs.Post)] public ActionResult Edit(int id, FormCollection collection) { Article article = articleRepository.GetArticle(id); try { // TODO: Add update logic here UpdateModel(article, collection.ToValueProvider()); articleRepository.Save(); return RedirectToAction("Details", new { id = article.ArticleID }); } catch { return View(article); } } // // HTTP GET: /Article/Delete/1 public ActionResult Delete(int id) { Article article = articleRepository.GetArticle(id); if (article == null) return View("NotFound"); else return View(article); } // // HTTP POST: /Article/Delete/1 [AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs.Post)] public ActionResult Delete(int id, string confirmButton) { Article article = articleRepository.GetArticle(id); if (article == null) return View("NotFound"); articleRepository.Delete(article); articleRepository.Save(); return View("Deleted"); } [ValidateInput(false)] public ActionResult UpdateSettings(int id, string value, string field) { // This highly-specific example is from the original coder's blog system, // but you can substitute your own code here. I assume you can pick out // which text field it is from the id. Article article = articleRepository.GetArticle(id); if (article == null) return Content("Error"); if (field == "Title") { article.Title = value; UpdateModel(article, new[] { "Title" }); articleRepository.Save(); } if (field == "Content") { article.Content = value; UpdateModel(article, new[] { "Content" }); articleRepository.Save(); } if (field == "Date") { article.Date = Convert.ToDateTime(value); UpdateModel(article, new[] { "Date" }); articleRepository.Save(); } return Content(value); } } } and view: <%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Areas/CMS/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<Portal.Models.HomePageViewModel>" %> <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server"> Index </asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server"> <div class="naslov_poglavlja_main">Articles Administration</div> <%= Html.ValidationSummary("Create was unsuccessful. Please correct the errors and try again.") %> <% using (Html.BeginForm("Create","Article")) {%> <div class="news_forma"> <label for="Title" class="news">Title:</label> <%= Html.TextBox("Title", "", new { @class = "news" })%> <%= Html.ValidationMessage("Title", "*") %> <label for="Content" class="news">Content:</label> <div class="textarea_okvir"> <%= Html.TextArea("Content", "", new { @class = "news" })%> <%= Html.ValidationMessage("Content", "*")%> </div> <label for="CategoryID" class="news">Category:</label> <%= Html.DropDownList("CategoryId", (IEnumerable<SelectListItem>)ViewData["categories"], new { @class = "news" })%> <p> <input type="submit" value="Publish" class="form_submit" /> </p> </div> <% } %> <div class="naslov_poglavlja_main"><%= Html.ActionLink("Write new article...", "Create") %></div> <div id="articles"> <% foreach (var item in Model.ArticleSummaries) { %> <div> <div class="naslov_vijesti" id="<%= item.ArticleID %>"><%= Html.Encode(item.ArticleTitle) %></div> <div class="okvir_vijesti"> <div class="sadrzaj_vijesti" id="<%= item.ArticleID %>"><%= item.ArticleContent %></div> <div class="datum_vijesti" id="<%= item.ArticleID %>"><%= Html.Encode(String.Format("{0:g}", item.ArticleDate)) %></div> <a class="news_delete" href="#" id="<%= item.ArticleID %>">Delete</a> </div> <div class="dno"></div> </div> <% } %> </div> </asp:Content> When trying to post new article I get following error: System.InvalidOperationException: The ViewData item that has the key 'CategoryId' is of type 'System.Int32' but must be of type 'IEnumerable'. I really don't know what to do cause I'm pretty new to .net and mvc Any help appreciated! Ile EDIT: I found where I made mistake. I didn't include date. If in view form I add this line I'm able to add article: <%=Html.Hidden("Date", String.Format("{0:g}", Model.NewArticle.Date)) %> But, if I enter wrong datetype or leave title and content empty then I get the same error. In this eample there is no need for date edit, but I will need it for some other forms and validation will be necessary. EDIT 2: Error happens when posting! Call stack: App_Web_of9beco9.dll!ASP.areas_cms_views_article_create_aspx.__RenderContent2(System.Web.UI.HtmlTextWriter __w = {System.Web.UI.HtmlTextWriter}, System.Web.UI.Control parameterContainer = {System.Web.UI.WebControls.ContentPlaceHolder}) Line 31 + 0x9f bytes C#

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• error CS0177: The out parameter 'Wx' must be assigned to before control leaves the current method

  - by sonny5

  using System; using System.Drawing; using System.Drawing.Drawing2D; using System.Collections; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Data; public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form { public static float WXmin; public static float WYmin; public static float WXmax; public static float WYmax; public static int VXmin; public static int VYmin; public static int VXmax; public static int VYmax; public static float Vx; public static float Vy; public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void InitializeComponent() { //this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13); this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(400, 300); this.Text="Pass Args"; this.Paint += new System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventHandler(this.doLine); } static void Main() { Application.Run(new Form1()); } private void doLine(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e) { Graphics g = e.Graphics; g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle); Pen p = new Pen(Color.Black); g.DrawLine(p, 0, 0, 100, 100); p.Dispose(); } private void eachCornerPix (object sender, PaintEventArgs e, out float Wx, out float Wy, out float Vx, out float Vy) { Graphics g = this.CreateGraphics(); Pen penBlu = new Pen(Color.Blue, 2); SolidBrush redBrush = new SolidBrush(Color.Red); int width = 2; // 1 pixel wide in x int height = 2; float [] Wxc = {0.100f, 5.900f, 5.900f, 0.100f}; float [] Wyc = {0.100f, 0.100f, 3.900f, 3.900f}; for (int i = 0; i<3; i++) { Wx = Wxc[i]; Wy = Wyc[i]; Vx = ((Wx - WXmin)*((VXmax-VXmin)+VXmin)/(WXmax-WXmin)); Vy = ((Wy - WYmin)*(VYmax-VYmin)/(WYmax-WYmin)+VYmin); Console.WriteLine("eachCornerPix Vx= {0}", Vx); Console.WriteLine("eachCornerPix Vy= {0}", Vy); g.FillRectangle(redBrush, Vx, Vy, width, height); g.Dispose(); } // Desired effect: Use the array values (Wxc, Wyc) and re-assign them to Wx and Wy. Then use // Wx and Wy as components to calculate Vx and Vy. // My end goal...once compile issues are resolved, is to pass each array value listed // using this method. This should allow 4 xy point pairs to be plotted. // Errors: // pass1.cs(51,18): error CS0177: The out parameter 'Wx' must be assigned to before // control leaves the current method // pass1.cs(51,18): error CS0177: The out parameter 'Wy' must be assigned to before // control leaves the current method // pass1.cs(51,18): error CS0177: The out parameter 'Vx' must be assigned to before // control leaves the current method // pass1.cs(51,18): error CS0177: The out parameter 'Vy' must be assigned to before // control leaves the current method } }

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• [OpenGL ES - Android] Better way to generate tiles

  - by Inoe

  Hi ! I'll start by saying that i'm REALLY new to OpenGL ES (I started yesterday =), but I do have some Java and other languages experience. I've looked a lot of tutorials, of course Nehe's ones and my work is mainly based on that. As a test, I started creating a "tile generator" in order to create a small Zelda-like game (just moving a dude in a textured square would be awsome :p). So far, I have achieved a working tile generator, I define a char map[][] array to store wich tile is on : private char[][] map = { {0, 0, 20, 11, 11, 11, 11, 4, 0, 0}, {0, 20, 16, 12, 12, 12, 12, 7, 4, 0}, {20, 16, 17, 13, 13, 13, 13, 9, 7, 4}, {21, 24, 18, 14, 14, 14, 14, 8, 5, 1}, {21, 22, 25, 15, 15, 15, 15, 6, 2, 1}, {21, 22, 23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 2, 1}, {21, 22, 23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 2, 1}, {26, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 2, 1}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1} }; It's working but I'm no happy with it, I'm sure there is a beter way to do those things : 1) Loading Textures : I create an ugly looking array containing the tiles I want to use on that map : private int[] textures = { R.drawable.herbe, //0 R.drawable.murdroite_haut, //1 R.drawable.murdroite_milieu, //2 R.drawable.murdroite_bas, //3 R.drawable.angledroitehaut_haut, //4 R.drawable.angledroitehaut_milieu, //5 }; (I cutted this on purpose, I currently load 27 tiles) All of theses are stored in the drawable folder, each one is a 16*16 tile. I then use this array to generate the textures and store them in a HashMap for a later use : int[] tmp_tex = new int[textures.length]; gl.glGenTextures(textures.length, tmp_tex, 0); texturesgen = tmp_tex; //Store the generated names in texturesgen for(int i=0; i < textures.length; i++) { //Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), textures[i]); InputStream is = context.getResources().openRawResource(textures[i]); Bitmap bitmap = null; try { //BitmapFactory is an Android graphics utility for images bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is); } finally { //Always clear and close try { is.close(); is = null; } catch (IOException e) { } } // Get a new texture name // Load it up this.textureMap.put(new Integer(textures[i]),new Integer(i)); int tex = tmp_tex[i]; gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, tex); //Create Nearest Filtered Texture gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL10.GL_NEAREST); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR); //Different possible texture parameters, e.g. GL10.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL10.GL_REPEAT); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL10.GL_REPEAT); //Use the Android GLUtils to specify a two-dimensional texture image from our bitmap GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bitmap, 0); bitmap.recycle(); } I'm quite sure there is a better way to handle that... I just was unable to figure it. If someone has an idea, i'm all ears. 2) Drawing the tiles What I did was create a single square and a single texture map : /** The initial vertex definition */ private float vertices[] = { -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, //Bottom Left 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, //Bottom Right -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, //Top Left 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f //Top Right }; private float texture[] = { //Mapping coordinates for the vertices 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f }; Then, in my draw function, I loop through the map to define the texture to use (after pointing to and enabling the buffers) : for(int y = 0; y < Y; y++){ for(int x = 0; x < X; x++){ tile = map[y][x]; try { //Get the texture from the HashMap int textureid = ((Integer) this.textureMap.get(new Integer(textures[tile]))).intValue(); gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, this.texturesgen[textureid]); } catch(Exception e) { return; } //Draw the vertices as triangle strip gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, vertices.length / 3); gl.glTranslatef(2.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); //A square takes 2x so I move +2x before drawing the next tile } gl.glTranslatef(-(float)(2*X), -2.0f, 0.0f); //Go back to the begining of the map X-wise and move 2y down before drawing the next line } This works great by I really think that on a 1000*1000 or more map, it will be lagging as hell (as a reminder, this is a typical Zelda world map : http://vgmaps.com/Atlas/SuperNES/LegendOfZelda-ALinkToThePast-LightWorld.png ). I've read things about Vertex Buffer Object and DisplayList but I couldn't find a good tutorial and nodoby seems to be OK on wich one is the best / has the better support (T1 and Nexus One are ages away). I think that's it, I've putted a lot of code but I think it helps. Thanks in advance !

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• Compiled Linq & String.Contains

  - by sharru

  i'm using linq-to-sql and i'm use complied linq for better performance. I have a users table with a INT field called "LookingFor" that can have the following values.1,2,3,12,123,13,23. I wrote a query to return the users based on the "lookingFor" column i want to return all users that contains the "lookingFor" value (not only those equal to it). In example if user.LookingFor = 12 , and query paramter is 1 this user should be selected. private static Func<NeDataContext, int, IQueryable<int>> MainSearchQuery = CompiledQuery.Compile((NeDataContext db, int lookingFor) => (from u in db.Users where (lookingFor == -1 ? true : u.LookingFor.ToString().Contains(lookingFor) select u.username); This WORKS on non complied linq but throws error when using complied. How do i fix it to work using complied linq? I get this error: Only arguments that can be evaluated on the client are supported for the String.Contains method.

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• Calling AuditQuerySystemPolicy() (advapi32.dll) from C# returns "The parameter is incorrect"

  - by JCCyC

  The sequence is like follows: Open a policy handle with LsaOpenPolicy() (not shown) Call LsaQueryInformationPolicy() to get the number of categories; For each category: Call AuditLookupCategoryGuidFromCategoryId() to turn the enum value into a GUID; Call AuditEnumerateSubCategories() to get a list of the GUIDs of all subcategories; Call AuditQuerySystemPolicy() to get the audit policies for the subcategories. All of these work and return expected, sensible values except the last. Calling AuditQuerySystemPolicy() gets me a "The parameter is incorrect" error. I'm thinking there must be some subtle unmarshaling problem. I'm probably misinterpreting what exactly AuditEnumerateSubCategories() returns, but I'm stumped. You'll see (commented) I tried to dereference the return pointer from AuditEnumerateSubCategories() as a pointer. Doing or not doing that gives the same result. Code: #region LSA types public enum POLICY_INFORMATION_CLASS { PolicyAuditLogInformation = 1, PolicyAuditEventsInformation, PolicyPrimaryDomainInformation, PolicyPdAccountInformation, PolicyAccountDomainInformation, PolicyLsaServerRoleInformation, PolicyReplicaSourceInformation, PolicyDefaultQuotaInformation, PolicyModificationInformation, PolicyAuditFullSetInformation, PolicyAuditFullQueryInformation, PolicyDnsDomainInformation } public enum POLICY_AUDIT_EVENT_TYPE { AuditCategorySystem, AuditCategoryLogon, AuditCategoryObjectAccess, AuditCategoryPrivilegeUse, AuditCategoryDetailedTracking, AuditCategoryPolicyChange, AuditCategoryAccountManagement, AuditCategoryDirectoryServiceAccess, AuditCategoryAccountLogon } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] public struct POLICY_AUDIT_EVENTS_INFO { public bool AuditingMode; public IntPtr EventAuditingOptions; public UInt32 MaximumAuditEventCount; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] public struct GUID { public UInt32 Data1; public UInt16 Data2; public UInt16 Data3; public Byte Data4a; public Byte Data4b; public Byte Data4c; public Byte Data4d; public Byte Data4e; public Byte Data4f; public Byte Data4g; public Byte Data4h; public override string ToString() { return Data1.ToString("x8") + "-" + Data2.ToString("x4") + "-" + Data3.ToString("x4") + "-" + Data4a.ToString("x2") + Data4b.ToString("x2") + "-" + Data4c.ToString("x2") + Data4d.ToString("x2") + Data4e.ToString("x2") + Data4f.ToString("x2") + Data4g.ToString("x2") + Data4h.ToString("x2"); } } #endregion #region LSA Imports [DllImport("kernel32.dll")] extern static int GetLastError(); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, PreserveSig = true)] public static extern UInt32 LsaNtStatusToWinError( long Status); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, PreserveSig = true)] public static extern long LsaOpenPolicy( ref LSA_UNICODE_STRING SystemName, ref LSA_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES ObjectAttributes, Int32 DesiredAccess, out IntPtr PolicyHandle ); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, PreserveSig = true)] public static extern long LsaClose(IntPtr PolicyHandle); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, PreserveSig = true)] public static extern long LsaFreeMemory(IntPtr Buffer); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, PreserveSig = true)] public static extern void AuditFree(IntPtr Buffer); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true, PreserveSig = true)] public static extern long LsaQueryInformationPolicy( IntPtr PolicyHandle, POLICY_INFORMATION_CLASS InformationClass, out IntPtr Buffer); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true, PreserveSig = true)] public static extern bool AuditLookupCategoryGuidFromCategoryId( POLICY_AUDIT_EVENT_TYPE AuditCategoryId, IntPtr pAuditCategoryGuid); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true, PreserveSig = true)] public static extern bool AuditEnumerateSubCategories( IntPtr pAuditCategoryGuid, bool bRetrieveAllSubCategories, out IntPtr ppAuditSubCategoriesArray, out ulong pCountReturned); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true, PreserveSig = true)] public static extern bool AuditQuerySystemPolicy( IntPtr pSubCategoryGuids, ulong PolicyCount, out IntPtr ppAuditPolicy); #endregion Dictionary<string, UInt32> retList = new Dictionary<string, UInt32>(); long lretVal; uint retVal; IntPtr pAuditEventsInfo; lretVal = LsaQueryInformationPolicy(policyHandle, POLICY_INFORMATION_CLASS.PolicyAuditEventsInformation, out pAuditEventsInfo); retVal = LsaNtStatusToWinError(lretVal); if (retVal != 0) { LsaClose(policyHandle); throw new System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception((int)retVal); } POLICY_AUDIT_EVENTS_INFO myAuditEventsInfo = new POLICY_AUDIT_EVENTS_INFO(); myAuditEventsInfo = (POLICY_AUDIT_EVENTS_INFO)Marshal.PtrToStructure(pAuditEventsInfo, myAuditEventsInfo.GetType()); IntPtr subCats = IntPtr.Zero; ulong nSubCats = 0; for (int audCat = 0; audCat < myAuditEventsInfo.MaximumAuditEventCount; audCat++) { GUID audCatGuid = new GUID(); if (!AuditLookupCategoryGuidFromCategoryId((POLICY_AUDIT_EVENT_TYPE)audCat, new IntPtr(&audCatGuid))) { int causingError = GetLastError(); LsaFreeMemory(pAuditEventsInfo); LsaClose(policyHandle); throw new System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception(causingError); } if (!AuditEnumerateSubCategories(new IntPtr(&audCatGuid), true, out subCats, out nSubCats)) { int causingError = GetLastError(); LsaFreeMemory(pAuditEventsInfo); LsaClose(policyHandle); throw new System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception(causingError); } // Dereference the first pointer-to-pointer to point to the first subcategory // subCats = (IntPtr)Marshal.PtrToStructure(subCats, subCats.GetType()); if (nSubCats > 0) { IntPtr audPolicies = IntPtr.Zero; if (!AuditQuerySystemPolicy(subCats, nSubCats, out audPolicies)) { int causingError = GetLastError(); if (subCats != IntPtr.Zero) AuditFree(subCats); LsaFreeMemory(pAuditEventsInfo); LsaClose(policyHandle); throw new System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception(causingError); } AUDIT_POLICY_INFORMATION myAudPol = new AUDIT_POLICY_INFORMATION(); for (ulong audSubCat = 0; audSubCat < nSubCats; audSubCat++) { // Process audPolicies[audSubCat], turn GUIDs into names, fill retList. // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa373931%28VS.85%29.aspx // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb648638%28VS.85%29.aspx IntPtr itemAddr = IntPtr.Zero; IntPtr itemAddrAddr = new IntPtr(audPolicies.ToInt64() + (long)(audSubCat * (ulong)Marshal.SizeOf(itemAddr))); itemAddr = (IntPtr)Marshal.PtrToStructure(itemAddrAddr, itemAddr.GetType()); myAudPol = (AUDIT_POLICY_INFORMATION)Marshal.PtrToStructure(itemAddr, myAudPol.GetType()); retList[myAudPol.AuditSubCategoryGuid.ToString()] = myAudPol.AuditingInformation; } if (audPolicies != IntPtr.Zero) AuditFree(audPolicies); } if (subCats != IntPtr.Zero) AuditFree(subCats); subCats = IntPtr.Zero; nSubCats = 0; } lretVal = LsaFreeMemory(pAuditEventsInfo); retVal = LsaNtStatusToWinError(lretVal); if (retVal != 0) throw new System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception((int)retVal); lretVal = LsaClose(policyHandle); retVal = LsaNtStatusToWinError(lretVal); if (retVal != 0) throw new System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception((int)retVal);

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• What is wrong with this solution? (Perm-Missing-Elem codility test)

  - by user2956907

  I have started playing with codility and came across this problem: A zero-indexed array A consisting of N different integers is given. The array contains integers in the range [1..(N + 1)], which means that exactly one element is missing. Your goal is to find that missing element. Write a function: int solution(int A[], int N); that, given a zero-indexed array A, returns the value of the missing element. For example, given array A such that: A[0] = 2 A[1] = 3 A[2] = 1 A[3] = 5 the function should return 4, as it is the missing element. Assume that: N is an integer within the range [0..100,000]; the elements of A are all distinct; each element of array A is an integer within the range [1..(N + 1)]. Complexity: expected worst-case time complexity is O(N); expected worst-case space complexity is O(1), beyond input storage (not counting the storage required for input arguments). I have submitted the following solution (in PHP): function solution($A) { $nr = count($A); $totalSum = (($nr+1)*($nr+2))/2; $arrSum = array_sum($A); return ($totalSum-$arrSum); } which gave me a score of 66 of 100, because it was failing the test involving large arrays: "large_range range sequence, length = ~100,000" with the result: RUNTIME ERROR tested program terminated unexpectedly stdout: Invalid result type, int expected. I tested locally with an array of 100.000 elements, and it worked without any problems. So, what seems to be the problem with my code and what kind of test cases did codility use to return "Invalid result type, int expected"?

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• Windows Azure : Storage Client Exception Unhandled

  - by veda

  I am writing a code for upload large files into the blobs using blocks... When I tested it, it gave me an StorageClientException It stated: One of the request inputs is out of range. I got this exception in this line of the code: blob.PutBlock(block, ms, null); Here is my code: protected void ButUploadBlocks_click(object sender, EventArgs e) { // store upladed file as a blob storage if (uplFileUpload.HasFile) { name = uplFileUpload.FileName; byte[] byteArray = uplFileUpload.FileBytes; Int64 contentLength = byteArray.Length; int numBytesPerBlock = 250 *1024; // 250KB per block int blocksCount = (int)Math.Ceiling((double)contentLength / numBytesPerBlock); // number of blocks MemoryStream ms ; List<string>BlockIds = new List<string>(); string block; int offset = 0; // get refernce to the cloud blob container CloudBlobContainer blobContainer = cloudBlobClient.GetContainerReference("documents"); // set the name for the uploading files string UploadDocName = name; // get the blob reference and set the metadata properties CloudBlockBlob blob = blobContainer.GetBlockBlobReference(UploadDocName); blob.Properties.ContentType = uplFileUpload.PostedFile.ContentType; for (int i = 0; i < blocksCount; i++, offset = offset + numBytesPerBlock) { block = Convert.ToBase64String(BitConverter.GetBytes(i)); ms = new MemoryStream(); ms.Write(byteArray, offset, numBytesPerBlock); blob.PutBlock(block, ms, null); BlockIds.Add(block); } blob.PutBlockList(BlockIds); blob.Metadata["FILETYPE"] = "text"; } } Can anyone tell me how to solve it...

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• Winforms TabControl causing spurious Paint events for UserControl

  - by Tom Bushell

  For our project, we've written a WinForms UserControl for graphing. We're seeing some strange behavior when our control is sited in a TabControl - our control continuously fires Paint events, even when there is absolutely no activity by the user. We only see this in the TabControl. When we site our control in other containers such as Forms or Splitters, Paint is only fired when you'd expect e.g. when the control is first displayed, etc. Can anyone suggest why this might be happening? Here's a stack trace from a breakpoint in our control's Paint handler, if that's any help. OverlordFrontEnd.exe!OverlordFrontEnd.MainForm.graphControl_Paint(object sender = BI_BaseGraphXY.BaseGraphXY}, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e = {ClipRectangle = {X=0,Y=0,Width=1031,Height=408}}) Line 422 C# System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.OnPaint(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e) + 0x73 bytes BI_AppCore.dll!BI_BaseGraphXY.BaseGraphXY.OnPaint(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e = {ClipRectangle = {X=0,Y=0,Width=1031,Height=408}}) Line 377 + 0xb bytes C# System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.PaintTransparentBackground(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e, System.Drawing.Rectangle rectangle, System.Drawing.Region transparentRegion = null) + 0x16c bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.PaintBackground(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e = {ClipRectangle = {X=0,Y=0,Width=1029,Height=406}}, System.Drawing.Rectangle rectangle, System.Drawing.Color backColor, System.Drawing.Point scrollOffset) + 0xbc bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.PaintBackground(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e, System.Drawing.Rectangle rectangle) + 0x63 bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.OnPaintBackground(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs pevent) + 0x59 bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.PaintWithErrorHandling(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e = {ClipRectangle = {X=0,Y=0,Width=1029,Height=406}}, short layer, bool disposeEventArgs = false) + 0x74 bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.WmPaint(ref System.Windows.Forms.Message m) + 0x1ba bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.WndProc(ref System.Windows.Forms.Message m) + 0x33e bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.ControlNativeWindow.OnMessage(ref System.Windows.Forms.Message m) + 0x10 bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.ControlNativeWindow.WndProc(ref System.Windows.Forms.Message m) + 0x31 bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.NativeWindow.Callback(System.IntPtr hWnd, int msg = 15, System.IntPtr wparam, System.IntPtr lparam) + 0x5a bytes [Native to Managed Transition] [Managed to Native Transition] System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Application.ComponentManager.System.Windows.Forms.UnsafeNativeMethods.IMsoComponentManager.FPushMessageLoop(int dwComponentID, int reason = -1, int pvLoopData = 0) + 0x24e bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Application.ThreadContext.RunMessageLoopInner(int reason = -1, System.Windows.Forms.ApplicationContext context = {Microsoft.VisualBasic.ApplicationServices.WindowsFormsApplicationBase.WinFormsAppContext}) + 0x177 bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Application.ThreadContext.RunMessageLoop(int reason, System.Windows.Forms.ApplicationContext context) + 0x61 bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Application.Run(System.Windows.Forms.ApplicationContext context) + 0x18 bytes Microsoft.VisualBasic.dll!Microsoft.VisualBasic.ApplicationServices.WindowsFormsApplicationBase.OnRun() + 0x81 bytes Microsoft.VisualBasic.dll!Microsoft.VisualBasic.ApplicationServices.WindowsFormsApplicationBase.DoApplicationModel() + 0xef bytes Microsoft.VisualBasic.dll!Microsoft.VisualBasic.ApplicationServices.WindowsFormsApplicationBase.Run(string[] commandLine) + 0x2c0 bytes OverlordFrontEnd.exe!OverlordFrontEnd.Program.Main() Line 36 + 0x10 bytes C# [Native to Managed Transition] [Managed to Native Transition] mscorlib.dll!System.AppDomain.ExecuteAssembly(string assemblyFile, System.Security.Policy.Evidence assemblySecurity, string[] args) + 0x3a bytes Microsoft.VisualStudio.HostingProcess.Utilities.dll!Microsoft.VisualStudio.HostingProcess.HostProc.RunUsersAssembly() + 0x2b bytes mscorlib.dll!System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart_Context(object state) + 0x66 bytes mscorlib.dll!System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(System.Threading.ExecutionContext executionContext, System.Threading.ContextCallback callback, object state) + 0x6f bytes mscorlib.dll!System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart() + 0x44 bytes

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• Synchronizing Asynchronous request handlers in Silverlight environment

  - by Eric Lifka

  For our senior design project my group is making a Silverlight application that utilizes graph theory concepts and stores the data in a database on the back end. We have a situation where we add a link between two nodes in the graph and upon doing so we run analysis to re-categorize our clusters of nodes. The problem is that this re-categorization is quite complex and involves multiple queries and updates to the database so if multiple instances of it run at once it quickly garbles data and breaks (by trying to re-insert already used primary keys). Essentially it's not thread safe, and we're trying to make it safe, and that's where we're failing and need help :). The create link function looks like this: private Semaphore dblock = new Semaphore(1, 1); // This function is on our service reference and gets called // by the client code. public int addNeed(int nodeOne, int nodeTwo) { dblock.WaitOne(); submitNewNeed(createNewNeed(nodeOne, nodeTwo)); verifyClusters(nodeOne, nodeTwo); dblock.Release(); return 0; } private void verifyClusters(int nodeOne, int nodeTwo) { // Run analysis of nodeOne and nodeTwo in graph } All copies of addNeed should wait for the first one that comes in to finish before another can execute. But instead they all seem to be running and conflicting with each other in the verifyClusters method. One solution would be to force our front end calls to be made synchronously. And in fact, when we do that everything works fine, so the code logic isn't broken. But when it's launched our application will be deployed within a business setting and used by internal IT staff (or at least that's the plan) so we'll have the same problem. We can't force all clients to submit data at different times, so we really need to get it synchronized on the back end. Thanks for any help you can give, I'd be glad to supply any additional information that you could need!

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• Android: Set a random image using setImageResource

  - by Tom Jones

  I need a help with setting a random image using setImageResource method. In the drawable folder, I have a jpeg file named photo0.jpg, photo1.jpg...photo99.jpg. And the following code works: int p = R.drawable.photo1; image.setImageResource(p); The above will display photo1.jpg but I want to show a random image. I tried the following but it doesn't work. String a = "R.drawable.photo"; int n = (int) (Math.random()*100) String b = Integer.toString(n); String c = a+b; int p = Integer.parseInt(c);//checkpoint image.setImageResource(p); It seems like the string "R.drawable.photoXX" isn't being changed to integer at the checkpoint. Could someone please teach me a right code? Thank you in advance.

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