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• What is the best way to open a URL and get up to X bytes in Python?

  - by Stavros Korokithakis

  I want to have a robot fetch a URL every hour, but if the site's operator is malicious he could have his server send me a 1 GB file. Is there a good way to limit downloading to, say, 100 KB and stop after that limit? I can imagine writing my own connection handler from scratch, but I'd like to use urllib2 if at all possible, just specifying the limit somehow. Thanks!

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• Python: why does `random.randint(a, b)` return a range inclusive of `b`?

  - by David Wolever

  It has always seemed strange to me that random.randint(a, b) would return an integer in the range [a, b], instead of [a, b-1] like range(...). Is there any reason for this apparent inconsistency?

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• Possible to capture the returned value from a Python list comprehension for use a condition?

  - by Joe

  I want to construct a value in a list comprehension, but also filter on that value. For example: [expensive_function(x) for x in generator where expensive_function(x) < 5] I want to avoid calling expensive_function twice per iteration. The generator may return an infinite series, and list comprehensions aren't lazily evaluated. So this wouldn't work: [y in [expensive_function(x) for x in generator where expensive_function(x)] where y < 5] I could write this another way, but it feels right for a list comprehension and I'm sure this is a common usage pattern (possible or not!).

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• What's the life-time of a thread-local value in Python?

  - by Carlos Valiente

  import threading mydata = threading.local() def run(): # When will the garbage collector be able to destroy the object created # here? After the thread exits from ``run()``? After ``join()`` is called? # Or will it survive the thread in which it was created, and live until # ``mydata`` is garbage-collected? mydata.foo = object() t = threading.Thread(target=run) t.start() t.join()

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• How do I take out the focus or minimize a window with Python?

  - by Shady

  I need to get focus to a specified window, and the only way I'm seeing on my head, is minimizing all windows on front of it until I get the right one... How can I do it? Windows 7, and no specific toolkit.... Every type of window, for example, firefox and console command

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• i wrote a programme in that i want input from other systems by using the language python?

  - by RADHA KRISHNA LOLLA

  is it possible to take the input from other systems for our program purpose and as well as i want the send the output to their systems. is it possible? if it is possible give the script to me. by which module i can get the perfect solution and please post it to me

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• Download image file from the HTML page source using python?

  - by Mohit Ranka

  I am writing a scraper that downloads all the image files from a HTML page and saves them to a specific folder. all the images are the part of the HTML page.

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• Is it possible to use 'else' in a python list comprehension?

  - by Josh

  Here is the code I was trying to turn into a list comprehension: table = '' for index in xrange(256): if index in ords_to_keep: table += chr(index) else: table += replace_with Is there a way to add the else statement to this comprehension? table = ''.join(chr(index) for index in xrange(15) if index in ords_to_keep) Also, would I be right in concluding that a list comprehension is the most efficient way to do this?

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• Build a decision tree for classification of large amount data,using python?

  - by kaushik

  Hi,i am working for speech synthesis.In this i have a large number of pronunciation for each phone i.e alphabet and need to classify them according to few feature such as segment size(int) and alphabet itself(string) into a smaller set suitable for that particular context. For this purpose,i have decided to use decision tree for classification.the data to be parsed is in the S expression format.eg:((question)(LEFTNODE)(RIGHTNODE)). i hav idea for building decision tree for normal buit in type such as list..looking for suggestion for implementation for S expression.. kindly help.. Thanks in advance.. Note:this question may look similar to my prev post,srry if cant giv multiple post.already edited it many times so though of wirting new question instead of editing again

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• how do i install zope interface with python 2.6?

  - by goh

  During setup, I'm like missing vcvarsall.bat running build running build_py running build_ext building '_zope_interface_coptimizations' extension error: Unable to find vcvarsall.bat

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• Python appengine Query does not work when using a variable.

  - by Lloyd

  Hi, I am trying to use a fetcher method to retrieve items from my datastore. If I use the following def getItem(item_id): q = Item.all() q.filter("itemid = ", item_id) It fails because nothing is returned. If I hard code in an item like def getItem(item_id): q = Item.all() q.filter("itemid = ", 9000) it fetches just fine, and sings merrily along. I have tried every which way to get this to work. I have used result = db.GqlQuery("SELECT * FROM Item WHERE item_id = :1 LIMIT 1", title).fetch(1) to the same effect. If I hard code in a number, works fine. I have tried setting the select statement as a local string, assembling it that way, casting the int as a string, and nothing. When I output the SELECT statement to the screen, looks fine. I can cut ans paste the output into the string, and whammo, it works. Any help would be appreciated.

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• how to scrawl file hosting website with scrapy in python?

  - by Veryel Hua

  Can anyone help me to figure out how to scrawl file hosting website like filefactory.com? I don't want to download all the file hosted but just to index all available files with scrapy. I have read the tutorial and docs with respect to spider class for scrapy. If I only give the website main page as the begining url I wouldn't not scrawl the whole site, because the scrawling depends on links but the begining page seems not point to any file pages. That's the problem I am thinking and any help would be appreciated!

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• Python instances and attributes: is this a bug or i got it totally wrong?

  - by Mirko Rossini

  Suppose you have something like this: class intlist: def __init__(self,l = []): self.l = l def add(self,a): self.l.append(a) def appender(a): obj = intlist() obj.add(a) print obj.l if __name__ == "__main__": for i in range(5): appender(i) A function creates an instance of intlist and calls on this fresh instance the method append on the instance attribute l. How comes the output of this code is: [0] [0, 1] [0, 1, 2] [0, 1, 2, 3] [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] ? If i switch obj = intlist() with obj = intlist(l=[]) I get the desired output [0] [1] [2] [3] [4] Why this happens? Thanks

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• How can I detect if the caller passed any variables to my function in Python?

  - by Felix Schwarz

  I guess the subject sounds pretty stupid, so I'll show some code: def foo(**kwargs): # How can you detect the difference between (**{}) and ()? pass foo(**{}) foo() Is there any way to detect inside of foo, how the method was called?

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• what is the 'wb' mean in this code.. using python

  - by zjm1126

  code: file('pinax/media/a.jpg', 'wb') thanks

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• How to generate a <ul><li> tree without recursive using python or other language ??

  - by user210221

  class tree: def __init__(self, name='a', childs=[]): self.name = name self.childs = childs output: <ul> <li> Introduction <ul> <li>Sub Intro</li> </ul> </li> <li>Module 1</li> </ul> Sorry, my English is poor.

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• How should I declare default values for instance variables in Python?

  - by int3

  Should I give my class members default values like this: class Foo: num = 1 or like this? class Foo: def __init__(self): self.num = 1 In this question I discovered that in both cases, bar = Foo() bar.num += 1 is a well-defined operation. I understand that the first method will give me a class variable while the second one will not. However, if I do not require a class variable, but only need to set a default value for my instance variables, are both methods equally good? Or one of them more 'pythonic' than the other? One thing I've noticed is that in the Django tutorial, they use the second method to declare Models. Personally I think the second method is more elegant, but I'd like to know what the 'standard' way is.

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• How do I add a decorator to a method in python?

  - by Timmy

  How do I add a decorator to a method in a class? I tried def add_decorator( cls ): @dec def update(self): pass cls.update = update @dec did not apply to update I'm trying to use this with orm.reconstructor in sqlalchemy.

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• how to read and write a file using python..

  - by zjm1126

  i want write the text(get from ajax) to a file . and then read it thanks

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• best framework on gae(python) ,like jquery on javascript ? has it ?

  - by zjm1126

  i want to find a framework to make my work simple on gae , has it ? thanks i found one, but not very good http://code.google.com/p/appengine-framework/

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• How to print a range with decimal points in Python?

  - by jabo

  I can print a range of numbers easily using range, but is is possible to print a range with 1 decimal place from -10 to 10? e.g -10.0, -9.9, -9.8 all they way through to +10?

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• So, I guess I can't use "&&" in the Python if conditional. Any help?

  - by Sergio Tapia

  Here's my code: # F. front_back # Consider dividing a string into two halves. # If the length is even, the front and back halves are the same length. # If the length is odd, we'll say that the extra char goes in the front half. # e.g. 'abcde', the front half is 'abc', the back half 'de'. # Given 2 strings, a and b, return a string of the form # a-front + b-front + a-back + b-back def front_back(a, b): # +++your code here+++ if len(a) % 2 == 0 && len(b) % 2 == 0: return a[:(len(a)/2)] + b[:(len(b)/2)] + a[(len(a)/2):] + b[(len(b)/2):] else: #todo! Not yet done. :P return I'm getting an error in the IF conditional. What am I doing wrong?

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• Why is recordset result being returned in this way for Python database query?

  - by Scott

  I have searched high and low for an answer to why query results returned in this format and how to convert to a list. data = cursor.fetchall() When I print data, it results in: (('car',), ('boat',), ('plane',), ('truck',)) I want to have the results in a list as ["car", "boat", "plane", "truck"]

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• How can I specify a relative path in a Python logging config file?

  - by ClaudioA

  I've the following file to config logging: [loggers] keys=root [handlers] keys = root [formatters] keys = generic # Loggers [logger_root] level = DEBUG handlers = root # Handlers [handler_root] class = handlers.RotatingFileHandler args = ("test.log", "maxBytes=1*1024*1024", "backupCount=10") level = NOTSET formatter = generic # Formatters [formatter_generic] format = %(asctime)s,%(msecs)03d %(levelname)-5.5s [%(name)s] %(message)s datefmt = %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S In Development this works great, but when I deploy the application test.log is trying to be written in a path in which I don't have the necessary permission. So my question is, How can I do to specify a relative path in this configuration file.

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• Where is a good place/way to store Windows config files for Python scripts?

  - by thornomad

  I have a script/program I am working on that requires a configuration file (I am using ConfigParser). On linux, I will default to store these variables in ~/.myscript using the os.getenv('HOME') function. With Windows, I know I can use os.getenv('USERPROFILE') to find the User's "home" directory, however, is it a good idea to save a hidden file that way (ie, with the name .myscript)? I don't use Windows, obviously, but wanted to be smart about it for those who do. Is there a standard place/way to store these config variables on Windows?

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