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• Emacs, C++ code completion for vectors

  - by Caglar Toklu

  Hi, I am new to Emacs, and I have the following code as a sample. I have installed GNU Emacs 23.1.1 (i386-mingw-nt6.1.7600), installed cedet-1.0pre7.tar.gz. , installed ELPA, and company. You can find my simple Emacs configuration at the bottom. The problem is, when I type q[0] in main() and press . (dot), I see the 37 members of the vector, not Person although first_name and last_name are expected. The completion works as expected in the function greet() but it has nothing to do with vector. My question is, how can I accomplish code completion for vector elements too? #include <iostream> #include <vector> using namespace std; class Person { public: string first_name; string last_name; }; void greet(Person a_person) { // a_person.first_name is completed as expected! cout << a_person.first_name << "|"; cout << a_person.last_name << endl; }; int main() { vector<Person> q(2); Person guy1; guy1.first_name = "foo"; guy1.last_name = "bar"; Person guy2; guy2.first_name = "stack"; guy2.last_name = "overflow"; q[0] = guy1; q[1] = guy2; greet(guy1); greet(guy2); // cout q[0]. I want to see first_name or last_name here! } My Emacs configuration: ;;; This was installed by package-install.el. ;;; This provides support for the package system and ;;; interfacing with ELPA, the package archive. ;;; Move this code earlier if you want to reference ;;; packages in your .emacs. (when (load (expand-file-name "~/.emacs.d/elpa/package.el")) (package-initialize)) (load-file "~/.emacs.d/cedet/common/cedet.el") (semantic-load-enable-excessive-code-helpers) (require 'semantic-ia) (global-srecode-minor-mode 1) (semantic-add-system-include "/gcc/include/c++/4.4.2" 'c++-mode) (semantic-add-system-include "/gcc/i386-pc-mingw32/include" 'c++-mode) (semantic-add-system-include "/gcc/include" 'c++-mode) (defun my-semantic-hook () (imenu-add-to-menubar "TAGS")) (add-hook 'semantic-init-hooks 'my-semantic-hook)

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• c++ templates: problem with member specialization

  - by ChAoS

  I am attempting to create a template "AutoClass" that create an arbitrary class with an arbitrary set of members, such as: AutoClass<int,int,double,double> a; a.set(1,1); a.set(0,2); a.set(3,99.7); std::cout << "Hello world! " << a.get(0) << " " << a.get(1) << " " << a.get(3) << std::endl; By now I have an AutoClass with a working "set" member: class nothing {}; template < typename T1 = nothing, typename T2 = nothing, typename T3 = nothing, typename T4 = nothing, typename T5 = nothing, typename T6 = nothing> class AutoClass; template <> class AutoClass<nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing> { public: template <typename U> void set(int n,U v){} }; template < typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5, typename T6> class AutoClass: AutoClass<T2,T3,T4,T5,T6> { public: T1 V; template <typename U> void set(int n,U v) { if (n <= 0) V = v; else AutoClass<T2,T3,T4,T5,T6>::set(n-1,v); } }; and I started to have problems implementing the corresponding "get". This approach doesn't compile: template < typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5, typename T6> class AutoClass: AutoClass<T2,T3,T4,T5,T6> { public: T1 V; template <typename U> void set(int n,U v) { if (n <= 0) V = v; else AutoClass<T2,T3,T4,T5,T6>::set(n-1,v); } template <typename W> W get(int n) { if (n <= 0) return V; else return AutoClass<T2,T3,T4,T5,T6>::get(n-1); } template <> T1 get(int n) { if (n <= 0) return V; else return AutoClass<T2,T3,T4,T5,T6>::get(n-1); } }; Besides, it seems I need to implement get for the <nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing> specialization. Any Idea on how to solve this?

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• Having a Link Only Appear If a Logged-In User Appears on a Dynamic List

  - by John

  Hello, For the function below, I would like the link <div class="footervote"><a href="http://www...com/.../footervote.php">Vote</a></div> to only appear if the logged in user currently appears on editorlist.php. (I. e. if the loginid in the function corresponds to any of the usernames that currently appear in editorlist.php.) Appearing on editorlist.php is something that is dynamic. How can I do this? Thanks in advance, John function show_userbox() { // retrieve the session information $u = $_SESSION['username']; $uid = $_SESSION['loginid']; // display the user box echo '<div id="userbox"> <div class="username">'.$u.'</div> <div class="submit"><a href="http://www...com/.../submit.php">Submit an item.</a></div> <div class="changepassword"><a href="http://www...com/.../changepassword.php">Change Password</a></div> <div class="logout"><a href="http://www...com/.../logout.php">Logout</a></div> <div class="footervote"><a href="http://www...com/.../footervote.php">Vote</a></div> </div>'; } On editorlist.php: $sqlStr = "SELECT l.loginid, l.username, l.created, DATEDIFF(NOW(), l.created) AS days, COALESCE(s.total, 0) AS countSubmissions, COALESCE(c.total, 0) AS countComments, COALESCE(s.total, 0) * 10 + COALESCE(c.total, 0) AS totalScore, DATEDIFF(NOW(), l.created) + COALESCE(s.total, 0) * 10 + COALESCE(c.total, 0) AS totalScore2 FROM login l LEFT JOIN ( SELECT loginid, COUNT(1) AS total FROM submission GROUP BY loginid ) s ON l.loginid = s.loginid LEFT JOIN ( SELECT loginid, COUNT(1) AS total FROM comment GROUP BY loginid ) c ON l.loginid = c.loginid GROUP BY l.loginid ORDER BY totalScore2 DESC LIMIT 10"; $result = mysql_query($sqlStr); $arr = array(); echo "<table class=\"samplesrec1edit\">"; while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { echo '<tr>'; echo '<td class="sitename1edit1"><a href="http://www...com/.../members/index.php?profile='.$row["username"].'">'.stripslashes($row["username"]).'</a></td>'; echo '<td class="sitename1edit2">'.($row["countSubmissions"]).'</td>'; echo '<td class="sitename1edit2">'.($row["countComments"]).'</td>'; echo '<td class="sitename1edit2">'.($row["days"]).'</td>'; echo '<td class="sitename1edit2">'.($row["totalScore2"]).'</td>'; echo '</tr>'; } echo "</table>";

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• Remove never-run call to templated function, get allocation error on run-time

  - by Narfanator

  First off, I'm a bit at a loss as to how to ask this question. So I'm going to try throwing lots of information at the problem. Ok, so, I went to completely redesign my test project for my experimental core library thingy. I use a lot of template shenanigans in the library. When I removed the "user" code, the tests gave me a memory allocation error. After quite a bit of experimenting, I narrowed it down to this bit of code (out of a couple hundred lines): void VOODOO(components::switchBoard &board){ board.addComponent<using_allegro::keyInputs<'w'> >(); } Fundementally, what's weirding me out is that it appears that the act of compiling this function (and the template function it then uses, and the template functions those then use...), makes this bug not appear. This code is not being run. Similar code (the same, but for different key vals) occurs elsewhere, but is within Boost TDD code. I realize I certainly haven't given enough information for you to solve it for me; I tried, but it more-or-less spirals into most of the code base. I think I'm most looking for "here's what the problem could be", "here's where to look", etc. There's something that's happening during compile because of this line, but I don't know enough about that step to begin looking. Sooo, how can a (presumably) compilied, but never actually run, bit of templated code, when removed, cause another part of code to fail? Error: Unhandled exceptionat 0x6fe731ea (msvcr90d.dll) in Switchboard.exe: 0xC0000005: Access violation reading location 0xcdcdcdc1. Callstack: operator delete(void * pUser Data) allocator< class name related to key inputs callbacks ::deallocate vector< same class ::_Insert_n(...) vector< " " ::insert(...) vector<" "::push_back(...) It looks like maybe the vector isn't valid, because _MyFirst and similar data members are showing values of 0xcdcdcdcd in the debugger. But the vector is a member variable...

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• Why are static classes considered “classes” and “reference types”?

  - by Timwi

  I’ve been pondering about the C# and CIL type system today and I’ve started to wonder why static classes are considered classes. There are many ways in which they are not really classes: A “normal” class can contain non-static members, a static class can’t. In this respect, a class is more similar to a struct than it is to a static class, and yet structs have a separate name. You can have a reference to an instance of a “normal” class, but not a static class (despite it being considered a “reference type”). In this respect, a class is more similar to an interface than it is to a static class, and yet interfaces have a separate name. The name of a static class can never be used in any place where a type name would normally fit: you can’t declare a variable of this type, you can’t use it as a base type, and you can’t use it as a generic type parameter. In this respect, static classes are somewhat more like namespaces. A “normal” class can implement interfaces. Once again, that makes classes more similar to structs than to static classes. A “normal” class can inherit from another class. It is also bizarre that static classes are considered to derive from System.Object. Although this allows them to “inherit” the static methods Equals and ReferenceEquals, the purpose of that inheritance is questionable as you would call those methods on object anyway. C# even allows you to specify that useless inheritance explicitly on static classes, but not on interfaces or structs, where the implicit derivation from object and System.ValueType, respectively, actually has a purpose. Regarding the subset-of-features argument: Static classes have a subset of the features of classes, but they also have a subset of the features of structs. All of the things that make a class distinct from the other kinds of type, do not seem to apply to static classes. Regarding the typeof argument: Making a static class into a new and different kind of type does not preclude it from being used in typeof. Given the sheer oddity of static classes, and the scarcity of similarities between them and “normal” classes, shouldn’t they have been made into a separate kind of type instead of a special kind of class?

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• C# MultiThread Safe Class Design

  - by Robert

  I'm trying to designing a class and I'm having issues with accessing some of the nested fields and I have some concerns with how multithread safe the whole design is. I would like to know if anyone has a better idea of how this should be designed or if any changes that should be made? using System; using System.Collections; namespace SystemClass { public class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { System system = new System(); //Seems like an awkward way to access all the members dynamic deviceInstance = (((DeviceType)((DeviceGroup)system.deviceGroups[0]).deviceTypes[0]).deviceInstances[0]); Boolean checkLocked = deviceInstance.locked; //Seems like this method for accessing fields might have problems with multithreading foreach (DeviceGroup dg in system.deviceGroups) { foreach (DeviceType dt in dg.deviceTypes) { foreach (dynamic di in dt.deviceInstances) { checkLocked = di.locked; } } } } } public class System { public ArrayList deviceGroups = new ArrayList(); public System() { //API called to get names of all the DeviceGroups deviceGroups.Add(new DeviceGroup("Motherboard")); } } public class DeviceGroup { public ArrayList deviceTypes = new ArrayList(); public DeviceGroup() {} public DeviceGroup(string deviceGroupName) { //API called to get names of all the Devicetypes deviceTypes.Add(new DeviceType("Keyboard")); deviceTypes.Add(new DeviceType("Mouse")); } } public class DeviceType { public ArrayList deviceInstances = new ArrayList(); public bool deviceConnected; public DeviceType() {} public DeviceType(string DeviceType) { //API called to get hardwareIDs of all the device instances deviceInstances.Add(new Mouse("0001")); deviceInstances.Add(new Keyboard("0003")); deviceInstances.Add(new Keyboard("0004")); //Start thread CheckConnection that updates deviceConnected periodically } public void CheckConnection() { //API call to check connection and returns true this.deviceConnected = true; } } public class Keyboard { public string hardwareAddress; public bool keypress; public bool deviceConnected; public Keyboard() {} public Keyboard(string hardwareAddress) { this.hardwareAddress = hardwareAddress; //Start thread to update deviceConnected periodically } public void CheckKeyPress() { //if API returns true this.keypress = true; } } public class Mouse { public string hardwareAddress; public bool click; public Mouse() {} public Mouse(string hardwareAddress) { this.hardwareAddress = hardwareAddress; } public void CheckClick() { //if API returns true this.click = true; } } }

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• Implementing default constructors

  - by James

  Implement the default constructor, the constructors with one and two int parameters. The one-parameter constructor should initialize the first member of the pair, the second member of the pair is to be 0. Overload binary operator + to add the pairs as follows: (a, b) + (c, d) = (a + c, b + d); Overload the - analogously. Overload the * on pairs ant int as follows: (a, b) * c = (a * c, b * c). Write a program to test all the member functions and overloaded operators in your class definition. You will also need to write accessor (get) functions for each member. The definition of the class Pairs: class Pairs { public: Pairs(); Pairs(int first, int second); Pairs(int first); // other members and friends friend istream& operator>> (istream&, Pair&); friend ostream& operator<< (ostream&, const Pair&); private: int f; int s; }; Self-Test Exercise #17: istream& operator (istream& ins, Pair& second) { char ch; ins ch; // discard init '(' ins second.f; ins ch; // discard comma ',' ins second.s; ins ch; // discard final '(' return ins; } ostream& operator<< (ostream& outs, const Pair& second) { outs << '('; outs << second.f; outs << ", " ;// I followed the Author's suggestion here. outs << second.s; outs << ")"; return outs; }

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• X264 encoding using Opencv

  - by user573193

  I am working with a high resolution camera: 4008x2672. I a writing a simple program which grabs frame from the camera and sends the frame to a avi file. For working with such a high resolution, I found only x264 codec that could do the trick (Suggestions welcome). I am using opencv for most of the image handling stuff. As mentioned in this post http://doom10.org/index.php?topic=1019.0 , I modified the AVCodecContext members as per ffmpeg presets for libx264 (Had to do this to avoid broken ffmpeg defaults settings error). This is output I am getting when I try to run the program [libx264 @ 0x992d040]non-strictly-monotonic PTS 1294846981.526675 1 0 //Timestamp camera_no frame_no 1294846981.621101 1 1 1294846981.715521 1 2 1294846981.809939 1 3 1294846981.904360 1 4 1294846981.998782 1 5 1294846982.093203 1 6 Last message repeated 7 times [avi @ 0x992beb0]st:0 error, non monotone timestamps -614891469123651720 = -614891469123651720 OpenCV Error: Unspecified error (Error while writing video frame) in icv_av_write_frame_FFMPEG, file /home/ajoshi/ext/OpenCV-2.2.0/modules/highgui/src/cap_ffmpeg.cpp, line 1034 terminate called after throwing an instance of 'cv::Exception' what(): /home/ajoshi/ext/OpenCV-2.2.0/modules/highgui/src/cap_ffmpeg.cpp:1034: error: (-2) Error while writing video frame in function icv_av_write_frame_FFMPEG Aborted Modifications to the AVCodecContext are: if(codec_id == CODEC_ID_H264) { //fprintf(stderr, "Trying to parse a preset file for libx264\n"); //Setting Values manually from medium preset c-me_method = 7; c-qcompress=0.6; c-qmin = 10; c-qmax = 51; c-max_qdiff = 4; c-i_quant_factor=0.71; c-max_b_frames=3; c-b_frame_strategy = 1; c-me_range = 16; c-me_subpel_quality=7; c-coder_type = 1; c-scenechange_threshold=40; c-partitions = X264_PART_I8X8 | X264_PART_I4X4 | X264_PART_P8X8 | X264_PART_B8X8; c-flags = CODEC_FLAG_LOOP_FILTER; c-flags2 = CODEC_FLAG2_BPYRAMID | CODEC_FLAG2_MIXED_REFS | CODEC_FLAG2_WPRED | CODEC_FLAG2_8X8DCT | CODEC_FLAG2_FASTPSKIP; c-keyint_min = 25; c-refs = 3; c-trellis=1; c-directpred = 1; c-weighted_p_pred=2; } I am probably not setting the dts and pts values which I believed ffmpeg should be setting it for me. Any sugggestions welcome. Thanks in advance

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• Multiset container appears to stop sorting

  - by Sarah

  I would appreciate help debugging some strange behavior by a multiset container. Occasionally, the container appears to stop sorting. This is an infrequent error, apparent in only some simulations after a long time, and I'm short on ideas. (I'm an amateur programmer--suggestions of all kinds are welcome.) My container is a std::multiset that holds Event structs: typedef std::multiset< Event, std::less< Event > > EventPQ; with the Event structs sorted by their double time members: struct Event { public: explicit Event(double t) : time(t), eventID(), hostID(), s() {} Event(double t, int eid, int hid, int stype) : time(t), eventID( eid ), hostID( hid ), s(stype) {} bool operator < ( const Event & rhs ) const { return ( time < rhs.time ); } double time; ... }; The program iterates through periods of adding events with unordered times to EventPQ currentEvents and then pulling off events in order. Rarely, after some events have been added (with perfectly 'legal' times), events start getting executed out of order. What could make the events ever not get ordered properly? (Or what could mess up the iterator?) I have checked that all the added event times are legitimate (i.e., all exceed the current simulation time), and I have also confirmed that the error does not occur because two events happen to get scheduled for the same time. I'd love suggestions on how to work through this. The code for executing and adding events is below for the curious: double t = 0.0; double nextTimeStep = t + EPID_DELTA_T; EventPQ::iterator eventIter = currentEvents.begin(); while ( t < EPID_SIM_LENGTH ) { // Add some events to currentEvents while ( ( *eventIter ).time < nextTimeStep ) { Event thisEvent = *eventIter; t = thisEvent.time; executeEvent( thisEvent ); eventCtr++; currentEvents.erase( eventIter ); eventIter = currentEvents.begin(); } t = nextTimeStep; nextTimeStep += EPID_DELTA_T; } void Simulation::addEvent( double et, int eid, int hid, int s ) { assert( currentEvents.find( Event(et) ) == currentEvents.end() ); Event thisEvent( et, eid, hid, s ); currentEvents.insert( thisEvent ); }

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• Technical non-terminating condition in a loop

  - by Snarfblam

  Most of us know that a loop should not have a non-terminating condition. For example, this C# loop has a non-terminating condition: any even value of i. This is an obvious logic error. void CountByTwosStartingAt(byte i) { // If i is even, it never exceeds 254 for(; i < 255; i += 2) { Console.WriteLine(i); } } Sometimes there are edge cases that are extremely unlikeley, but technically constitute non-exiting conditions (stack overflows and out-of-memory errors aside). Suppose you have a function that counts the number of sequential zeros in a stream: int CountZeros(Stream s) { int total = 0; while(s.ReadByte() == 0) total++; return total; } Now, suppose you feed it this thing: class InfiniteEmptyStream:Stream { // ... Other members ... public override int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) { Array.Clear(buffer, offset, count); // Output zeros return count; // Never returns -1 (end of stream) } } Or more realistically, maybe a stream that returns data from external hardware, which in certain cases might return lots of zeros (such as a game controller sitting on your desk). Either way we have an infinite loop. This particular non-terminating condition stands out, but sometimes they don't. A completely real-world example as in an app I'm writing. An endless stream of zeros will be deserialized into infinite "empty" objects (until the collection class or GC throws an exception because I've exceeded two billion items). But this would be a completely unexpected circumstance (considering my data source). How important is it to have absolutely no non-terminating conditions? How much does this affect "robustness?" Does it matter if they are only "theoretically" non-terminating (is it okay if an exception represents an implicit terminating condition)? Does it matter whether the app is commercial? If it is publicly distributed? Does it matter if the problematic code is in no way accessible through a public interface/API? Edit: One of the primary concerns I have is unforseen logic errors that can create the non-terminating condition. If, as a rule, you ensure there are no non-terminating conditions, you can identify or handle these logic errors more gracefully, but is it worth it? And when? This is a concern orthogonal to trust.

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• WPF: Problem with TreeView databinding

  - by Am

  Hi, I have a tree view defined as follows: <TreeView Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Margin="0" FlowDirection="LeftToRight" ItemTemplate="{StaticResource NavigationHeaderTemplate}" Name="TreeView2"> </TreeView> The data binding is: public class ViewTag : INotifyPropertyChanged { private string _tagName; public string TagName { get { return _tagName; } set { _tagName = value; PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Tag Name")); } } private ObservableCollection<ViewTag> _childTags; public ObservableCollection<ViewTag> ChildTags { get { return _childTags; } set { _childTags = value; OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Child Tags")); } } #region INotifyPropertyChanged Members public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; public void OnPropertyChanged(PropertyChangedEventArgs e) { if (PropertyChanged != null) PropertyChanged(this, e); } #endregion public ViewTag(string tagName, ObservableCollection<ViewTag> childTags) { _tagName = tagName; _childTags = childTags; } } And my test binding is: List<ViewTag> tempTags = new List<ViewTag>(); ViewTag t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6; t1 = new ViewTag("Computers", null); t2 = new ViewTag("Chemistry", null); t3 = new ViewTag("Physics", null); var t123 = new ObservableCollection<ViewTag>(); t123.Add(t1); t123.Add(t2); t123.Add(t3); t4 = new ViewTag("Science", t123); var t1234 = new ObservableCollection<ViewTag>(); t1234.Add(t4); t5 = new ViewTag("All Items", t1234); t6 = new ViewTag("Untagged", null); var tall = new ObservableCollection<ViewTag>(); tall.Add(t5); tall.Add(t6); xy.Add(new ViewNavigationTree() { Header = "Tags", Image = "img/tags2.ico", Children = tall }); var rootFolders = eDataAccessLayer.RepositoryFacrory.Instance.MonitoredDirectoriesRepository.Directories.ToList(); var viewFolders = new ObservableCollection<ViewTag>(); foreach (var vf in rootFolders) { viewFolders.Add(new ViewTag(vf.FullPath, null)); } xy.Add(new ViewNavigationTree() { Header = "Folders", Image = "img/folder_16x16.png", Children = viewFolders }); xy.Add(new ViewNavigationTree() { Header = "Authors", Image = "img/user_16x16.png", Children = null }); xy.Add(new ViewNavigationTree() { Header = "Publishers", Image = "img/powerplant_32.png", Children = null }); TreeView2.ItemsSource = xy; Problem is, the tree only shows: + Tags All Items Untagged + Folders dir 1 dir 2 ... Authors Publishers The items I added under "All Items" aren't displayed. Being a WPF nub, i can't put my finger on the problem. Any help will be greatly appriciated.

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• jquery drag and drop script and problem in reading json array

  - by Mac Taylor

  i made a script , exactly like wordpress widgets page and u can drag and drop objects this is my jquery script : <script type="text/javascript" >$(function(){ $('.widget') .each(function(){ $(this).hover(function(){ $(this).find('h4').addClass('collapse'); }, function(){ $(this).find('h4').removeClass('collapse'); }) .find('h4').hover(function(){ $(this).find('.in-widget-title').css('visibility', 'visible'); }, function(){ $(this).find('.in-widget-title').css('visibility', 'hidden'); }) .click(function(){ $(this).siblings('.widget-inside').toggle(); //Save state on change of collapse state of panel updateWidgetData(); }) .end() .find('.in-widget-title').css('visibility', 'hidden'); }); $('.column').sortable({ connectWith: '.column', handle: 'h4', cursor: 'move', placeholder: 'placeholder', forcePlaceholderSize: true, opacity: 0.4, start: function(event, ui){ //Firefox, Safari/Chrome fire click event after drag is complete, fix for that if($.browser.mozilla || $.browser.safari) $(ui.item).find('.widget-inside').toggle(); }, stop: function(event, ui){ ui.item.css({'top':'0','left':'0'}); //Opera fix if(!$.browser.mozilla && !$.browser.safari) updateWidgetData(); } }) .disableSelection(); }); function updateWidgetData(){ var items=[]; $('.column').each(function(){ var columnId=$(this).attr('id'); $('.widget', this).each(function(i){ var collapsed=0; if($(this).find('.widget-inside').css('display')=="none") collapsed=1; //Create Item object for current panel var item={ id: $(this).attr('id'), collapsed: collapsed, order : i, column: columnId }; //Push item object into items array items.push(item); }); }); //Assign items array to sortorder JSON variable var sortorder={ items: items }; //Pass sortorder variable to server using ajax to save state $.post("blocks.php"+"&order="+$.toJSON(sortorder), function(data){ $('#console').html(data).fadeIn("slow"); }); } </script> main part is saving object orders in table and this is my php part : function stripslashes_deep($value) { $value = is_array($value) ? array_map('stripslashes_deep', $value) : stripslashes($value); return $value; } $order = $_GET['order']; $order = sql_quote($order); if(empty($order)){ echo "Invalid data"; exit; } global $db,$prefix; if (get_magic_quotes_gpc()) { $_POST = array_map('stripslashes_deep', $_POST); $_GET = array_map('stripslashes_deep', $_GET); $_COOKIE = array_map('stripslashes_deep', $_COOKIE); $_REQUEST = array_map('stripslashes_deep', $_REQUEST); } $data=json_decode($order); foreach($newdata->items as $item) { //Extract column number for panel $col_id=preg_replace('/[^\d\s]/', '', $item->column); //Extract id of the panel $widget_id=preg_replace('/[^\d\s]/', '', $item->id); $sql="UPDATE blocks_tbl SET bposition='$col_id', weight='".$item->order."' WHERE id='".$widget_id."'"; mysql_query($sql) or die('Error updating widget DB'); } print_r($order); now forexample the output is this : items\":[{\"id\":\"item26\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":0,\"column\":\"c\"},{\"id\":\"item0\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":0,\"column\":\"i\"},{\"id\":\"item0\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":1,\"column\":\"i\"},{\"id\":\"item1\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":2,\"column\":\"i\"},{\"id\":\"item3\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":3,\"column\":\"i\"},{\"id\":\"item16\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":4,\"column\":\"i\"},{\"id\":\"item0\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":5,\"column\":\"i\"},{\"id\":\"item6\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":6,\"column\":\"i\"},{\"id\":\"item17\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":7,\"column\":\"i\"},{\"id\":\"item19\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":8,\"column\":\"i\"},{\"id\":\"item10\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":9,\"column\":\"i\"},{\"id\":\"item11\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":10,\"column\":\"i\"},{\"id\":\"item0\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":0,\"column\":\"l\"},{\"id\":\"item5\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":1,\"column\":\"l\"},{\"id\":\"item8\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":2,\"column\":\"l\"},{\"id\":\"item13\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":3,\"column\":\"l\"},{\"id\":\"item21\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":4,\"column\":\"l\"},{\"id\":\"item28\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":5,\"column\":\"l\"},{\"id\":\"item7\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":0,\"column\":\"r\"},{\"id\":\"item20\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":1,\"column\":\"r\"},{\"id\":\"item15\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":2,\"column\":\"r\"},{\"id\":\"item18\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":3,\"column\":\"r\"},{\"id\":\"item14\",\"collapsed\":1,\"order\":4,\"column\":\"r\"}]} question is how can i find out column_id or order im a little bit confused

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• CLR: Multi Param Aggregate, Argument not in Final Output?

  - by OMG Ponies

  Why is my delimiter not appearing in the final output? It's initialized to be a comma, but I only get ~5 white spaces between each attribute using: SELECT [article_id] , dbo.GROUP_CONCAT(0, t.tag_name, ',') AS col FROM [AdventureWorks].[dbo].[ARTICLE_TAG_XREF] atx JOIN [AdventureWorks].[dbo].[TAGS] t ON t.tag_id = atx.tag_id GROUP BY article_id The bit for DISTINCT works fine, but it operates within the Accumulate scope... Output: article_id | col ------------------------------------------------- 1 | a a b c I only have rudimentary C# API knowledge... C# Code: using System; using System.Data; using System.Data.SqlClient; using System.Data.SqlTypes; using Microsoft.SqlServer.Server; using System.Xml.Serialization; using System.Xml; using System.IO; using System.Collections; using System.Text; [Serializable] [SqlUserDefinedAggregate(Format.UserDefined, MaxByteSize = 8000)] public struct GROUP_CONCAT : IBinarySerialize { ArrayList list; string delimiter; public void Init() { list = new ArrayList(); delimiter = ","; } public void Accumulate(SqlBoolean isDistinct, SqlString Value, SqlString separator) { delimiter = (separator.IsNull) ? "," : separator.Value ; if (!Value.IsNull) { if (isDistinct) { if (!list.Contains(Value.Value)) { list.Add(Value.Value); } } else { list.Add(Value.Value); } } } public void Merge(GROUP_CONCAT Group) { list.AddRange(Group.list); } public SqlString Terminate() { string[] strings = new string[list.Count]; for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++) { strings[i] = list[i].ToString(); } return new SqlString(string.Join(delimiter, strings)); } #region IBinarySerialize Members public void Read(BinaryReader r) { int itemCount = r.ReadInt32(); list = new ArrayList(itemCount); for (int i = 0; i < itemCount; i++) { this.list.Add(r.ReadString()); } } public void Write(BinaryWriter w) { w.Write(list.Count); foreach (string s in list) { w.Write(s); } } #endregion }

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• synchronized in java - Proper use

  - by ZoharYosef

  I'm building a simple program to use in multi processes (Threads). My question is more to understand - when I have to use a reserved word synchronized? Do I need to use this word in any method that affects the bone variables? I know I can put it on any method that is not static, but I want to understand more. thank you! here is the code: public class Container { // *** data members *** public static final int INIT_SIZE=10; // the first (init) size of the set. public static final int RESCALE=10; // the re-scale factor of this set. private int _sp=0; public Object[] _data; /************ Constructors ************/ public Container(){ _sp=0; _data = new Object[INIT_SIZE]; } public Container(Container other) { // copy constructor this(); for(int i=0;i<other.size();i++) this.add(other.at(i)); } /** return true is this collection is empty, else return false. */ public synchronized boolean isEmpty() {return _sp==0;} /** add an Object to this set */ public synchronized void add (Object p){ if (_sp==_data.length) rescale(RESCALE); _data[_sp] = p; // shellow copy semantic. _sp++; } /** returns the actual amount of Objects contained in this collection */ public synchronized int size() {return _sp;} /** returns true if this container contains an element which is equals to ob */ public synchronized boolean isMember(Object ob) { return get(ob)!=-1; } /** return the index of the first object which equals ob, if none returns -1 */ public synchronized int get(Object ob) { int ans=-1; for(int i=0;i<size();i=i+1) if(at(i).equals(ob)) return i; return ans; } /** returns the element located at the ind place in this container (null if out of range) */ public synchronized Object at(int p){ if (p>=0 && p<size()) return _data[p]; else return null; }

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• Object relationships

  - by Hammerstein

  This stems from a recent couple of posts I've made on events and memory management in general. I'm making a new question as I don't think the software I'm using has anything to do with the overall problem and I'm trying to understand a little more about how to properly manage things. This is ASP.NET. I've been trying to understand the needs for Dispose/Finalize over the past few days and believe that I've got to a stage where I'm pretty happy with when I should/shouldn't implement the Dispose/Finalize. 'If I have members that implement IDisposable, put explicit calls to their dispose in my dispose method' seems to be my understanding. So, now I'm thinking maybe my understanding of object lifetimes and what holds on to what is just wrong! Rather than come up with some sample code that I think will illustrate my point, I'm going to describe as best I can actual code and see if someone can talk me through it. So, I have a repository class, in it I have a DataContext that I create when the repository is created. I implement IDisposable, and when my calling object is done, I call Dispose on my repository and explicitly call DataContext.Dispose( ). Now, one of the methods of this class creates and returns a list of objects that's handed back to my front end. Front End - Controller - Repository - Controller - Front End. (Using Redgate Memory Profiler, I take a snapshot of my software when the page is first loaded). My front end creates a controller object on page load and then makes a request to the repository sending back a list of items. When the page is finished loading, I call Dispose on the controller which in turn calls dispose on the context. In my mind, that should mean that my connection is closed and that I have no instances of my controller class. If I then refresh the page, it jumps to two 'Live' instances of the controller class. If I look at the object retention graph, the objects I created in my call to the list are being held onto ultimately by what looks like Linq. The controller/repository aside, if I create a list of objects somewhere, or I create an object and return it somewhere, am I safe to just assume that .NET will eventually come and clean things up for me or is there a best practice? The 'Live' instances suggest to me that these are still in memory and active objects, the fact that RMP apparently forces GC doesn't mean anything?

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• -[NSConcreteMutableData release]: message sent to deallocated instance

  - by kamibutt

  Dear members, I am facing a problem of -[NSConcreteMutableData release]: message sent to deallocated instance, i have attached my sample code as well. - (IBAction)uploadImage { NSString *urlString = @"http://192.168.1.108/iphoneimages/uploadfile.php?userid=1&charid=23&msgid=3"; //if(FALSE) for (int i=0; i<[imgArray count]; i++) { // setting up the request object now NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] init]; [request setURL:[NSURL URLWithString:urlString]]; [request setHTTPMethod:@"POST"]; /* add some header info now we always need a boundary when we post a file also we need to set the content type You might want to generate a random boundary.. this is just the same as my output from wireshark on a valid html post */ NSString *boundary = [NSString stringWithString:@"---------------------------14737809831466499882746641449"]; NSString *contentType = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"multipart/form-data; boundary=%@",boundary]; [request addValue:contentType forHTTPHeaderField: @"Content-Type"]; /* now lets create the body of the post */ NSMutableData *body = [[NSMutableData data] autorelease]; NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"userfile\"; filename=\"ipodfile%d.jpg\"\r\n",i]; [body appendData:[[NSString stringWithFormat:@"\r\n--%@\r\n",boundary] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]]; [body appendData:[[NSString stringWithString:str] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]]; [body appendData:[[NSString stringWithString:@"Content-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n\r\n"] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]]; NSData *imageData = UIImageJPEGRepresentation([imgArray objectAtIndex:i], 90); [body appendData:[NSData dataWithData:imageData]]; [body appendData:[[NSString stringWithFormat:@"\r\n--%@--\r\n",boundary] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]]; // setting the body of the post to the reqeust [request setHTTPBody:body]; // now lets make the connection to the web [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request returningResponse:nil error:nil]; //NSString *returnString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:returnData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; //NSLog(@"%@",returnString); [imageData release]; [request release]; //[body release]; } } It successfully upload the images to the folder and there is no any error in the execution but when it complete it process and try to go back it give error -[NSConcreteMutableData release]: message sent to deallocated instance Please help me out. Thanks

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• Dynamic allocating of const member structures

  - by Willy

  I've got class which is using plain-only-data struct with const variables and I'm not sure, if I'm allocating these structures in a proper way. It looks more or less like: #include <cstdlib> #include <iostream> using std::cout; using std::endl; struct some_const_struct { const int arg1; const int arg2; }; class which_is_using_above_struct { public: some_const_struct* m_member; const some_const_struct* const m_const_member; public: const some_const_struct& get_member() const { return *m_member; } const some_const_struct& get_const_member() const { return *m_const_member; } void set_member(const int a, const int b) { if(m_member != NULL) { delete m_member; m_member = NULL; } m_member = new some_const_struct((some_const_struct){a, b}); } explicit which_is_using_above_struct(const int a, const int b) : m_const_member(new some_const_struct((const some_const_struct){a, b})) { m_member = NULL; } ~which_is_using_above_struct() { if(m_member != NULL) { delete m_member; } if(m_const_member != NULL) { delete m_const_member; } } }; int main() { which_is_using_above_struct c(1, 2); c.set_member(3, 4); cout << "m_member.arg1 = " << c.get_member().arg1 << endl; cout << "m_member.arg2 = " << c.get_member().arg2 << endl; cout << "m_const_member.arg1 = " << c.get_const_member().arg1 << endl; cout << "m_const_member.arg2 = " << c.get_const_member().arg2 << endl; return 0; } I'm just not quite sure if the statement: m_member = new some_const_struct((some_const_struct){a, b}); doesn't produce unnessesary use of some_const_struct's copy constructor, ergo allocating that struct twice. What do you think? And is it reasonable to make that struct's members const? (they're not supposed to change in their lifetime at all)

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• C# 'could not found' existing method

  - by shybovycha

  Greetings! I've been fooling around (a bit) with C# and its assemblies. And so i've found such an interesting feature as dynamic loading assemblies and invoking its class members. A bit of google and here i am, writing some kind of 'assembly explorer'. (i've used some portions of code from here, here and here and none of 'em gave any of expected results). But i've found a small bug: when i tried to invoke class method from assembly i've loaded, application raised MissingMethod exception. I'm sure DLL i'm loading contains class and method i'm tryin' to invoke (my app ensures me as well as RedGate's .NET Reflector): The main application code seems to be okay and i start thinking if i was wrong with my DLL... Ah, and i've put both of projects into one solution, but i don't think it may cause any troubles. And yes, DLL project has 'class library' target while the main application one has 'console applcation' target. So, the question is: what's wrong with 'em? Here are some source code: DLL source: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace ClassLibrary1 { public class Class1 { public void Main() { System.Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!"); } } } Main application source: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Reflection; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Assembly asm = Assembly.LoadFrom(@"a\long\long\path\ClassLibrary1.dll"); try { foreach (Type t in asm.GetTypes()) { if (t.IsClass == true && t.FullName.EndsWith(".Class1")) { object obj = Activator.CreateInstance(t); object res = t.InvokeMember("Main", BindingFlags.Default | BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, obj, null); // Exception is risen from here } } } catch (Exception e) { System.Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", e.Message); } System.Console.ReadKey(); } } } UPD: worked for one case - when DLL method takes no arguments: DLL class (also works if method is not static): public class Class1 { public static void Main() { System.Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!"); } } Method invoke code: object res = t.InvokeMember("Main", BindingFlags.Default | BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, null, null);

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• avoiding enums as interface identifiers c++ OOP

  - by AlasdairC

  Hi I'm working on a plugin framework using dynamic loaded shared libraries which is based on Eclipse's (and probally other's) extension-point model. All plugins share similar properties (name, id, version etc) and each plugin could in theory satisfy any extension-point. The actual plugin (ie Dll) handling is managed by another library, all I am doing really is managing collections of interfaces for the application. I started by using an enum PluginType to distinguish the different interfaces, but I have quickly realised that using template functions made the code far cleaner and would leave the grunt work up to the compiler, rather than forcing me to use lots of switch {...} statements. The only issue is where I need to specify like functionality for class members - most obvious example is the default plugin which provides a particular interface. A Settings class handles all settings, including the default plugin for an interface. ie Skin newSkin = settings.GetDefault<ISkin>(); How do I store the default ISkin in a container without resorting to some other means of identifying the interface? As I mentioned above, I currently use a std::map<PluginType, IPlugin> Settings::defaults member to achieve this (where IPlugin is an abstract base class which all plugins derive from. I can then dynamic_cast to the desired interface when required, but this really smells of bad design to me and introduces more harm than good I think. would welcome any tips edit: here's an example of the current use of default plugins typedef boost::shared_ptr<ISkin> Skin; typedef boost::shared_ptr<IPlugin> Plugin; enum PluginType { skin, ..., ... } class Settings { public: void SetDefault(const PluginType type, boost::shared_ptr<IPlugin> plugin) { m_default[type] = plugin; } boost::shared_ptr<IPlugin> GetDefault(const PluginType type) { return m_default[type]; } private: std::map<PluginType, boost::shared_ptr<IPlugin> m_default; }; SkinManager::Initialize() { Plugin thedefault = g_settings.GetDefault(skinplugin); Skin defaultskin = boost::dynamic_pointer_cast<ISkin>(theskin); defaultskin->Initialize(); } I would much rather call the getdefault as the following, with automatic casting to the derived class. However I need to specialize for every class type. template<> Skin Settings::GetDefault<ISkin>() { return boost::dynamic_pointer_cast<ISkin>(m_default(skin)); }

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• C# .NET Why does my inherited listview keep drawing in LargeIcon View ?? Because Microsoft is Evil!!

  - by Bugz R us

  I have a inherited Listview which standard has to be in Tile Mode. When using this control, the DrawItem gives e.bounds which are clearly bounds of largeIcon view ?? When debugging to check the view it is actually set to, it says it's in Tile view ?? Yet e.DrawText draws LargeIcon view ?? ......... Edit: ................. This seems only to happen when the control is placed upon another usercontrol? ......... Edit 2: ................. It gets stranger ... When i add buttons next to the list to change the view at runtime, "Tile" is the same as "LargeIcon", and "List" view is the same as "SmallIcons" ??? I've also completely removed the ownerdraw ... .......... Edit 3: ................. MSDN Documentation: Tile view Each item appears as a full-sized icon with the item label and subitem information to the right of it. The subitem information that appears is specified by the application. This view is available only on Windows XP and the Windows Server 2003 family. On earlier operating systems, this value is ignored and the ListView control displays in the LargeIcon view. Well I am on XP ya damn liars ?!? Apparently if the control is within a usercontrol, this value is ignored too ... pff I'm getting enough of this Microsoft crap .... you just keep on hitting bugs ... another day down the drain ... public class InheritedListView : ListView { //Hiding members ... mwuahahahahaha //yeah i was still laughing then [BrowsableAttribute(false)] public new View View { get { return base.View; } } public InheritedListView() { base.View = View.Tile; this.OwnerDraw = true; base.DrawItem += new DrawListViewItemEventHandler(DualLineGrid_DrawItem); } void DualLineGrid_DrawItem(object sender, DrawListViewItemEventArgs e) { View v = this.View; //**when debugging, v is Tile, however e.DrawText() draws in LargeIcon mode, // e.Bounds also reflects LargeIcon mode ???? ** }

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• How to align Definition Lists in IE6 ?

  - by ellander

  I'm having a major headache trying to align some and elements in ie6. It looks fine in ie7 and firefox but the dt elements don't appear in ie6. can anyone help? here is the code.. <div id="listMembers"> <h3>Members</h3> <dl class="myDL"> <dt>Name</dt> <dd>John Smith</dd> <dt>Address</dt> <dd>the street</dd> ... </dl> <div id="listOptions"> <div> <table>...</table> </div> </div> <div> and the css:- DL.myDL { BORDER-RIGHT: black 2px outset; PADDING-RIGHT: 2px; BORDER-TOP: black 2px outset; DISPLAY: block; PADDING-LEFT: 2px; BACKGROUND: #ccbe99; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; BORDER-LEFT: black 2px outset; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-TOP: 2px; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 2px outset; FONT-FAMILY: "Trebuchet MS", Arial, sans-serif } DL.myDL DT { CLEAR: both; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; DISPLAY: inline; FLOAT: left; WIDTH: 250px; TEXT-ALIGN: right } I basically want the dt text aligned to the right and the dd on the right hand side with left align text. I reset the margin on all elements to be 0 before anything else in the css and the elements are within a dive with position relative.

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• Why is my Type.GetFields(BindingFlags.Instance|BindingFlags.Public) not working?

  - by granadaCoder

  My code can see the non-public members, but not the public ones. Why? FieldInfo[] publicFieldInfos = t.GetFields(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public); is returning nothing. Note: I'm trying to get at the properties on the abstract class as well as the concrete class. (And read the attributes as well). The MSDN example works with the 2 flags (BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public) but my mini inheritance example below does not. private void RunTest1() { try { textBox1.Text = string.Empty; Type t = typeof(MyInheritedClass); //Look at the BindingFlags *** NonPublic *** int fieldCount = 0; while (null != t) { fieldCount += t.GetFields(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic).Length; FieldInfo[] nonPublicFieldInfos = t.GetFields(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic); foreach (FieldInfo field in nonPublicFieldInfos) { if (null != field) { Console.WriteLine(field.Name); } } t = t.BaseType; } Console.WriteLine("\n\r------------------\n\r"); //Look at the BindingFlags *** Public *** t = typeof(MyInheritedClass); FieldInfo[] publicFieldInfos = t.GetFields(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public); foreach (FieldInfo field in publicFieldInfos) { if (null != field) { Console.WriteLine(field.Name); object[] attributes = field.GetCustomAttributes(t, true); if (attributes != null && attributes.Length > 0) { foreach (Attribute att in attributes) { Console.WriteLine(att.GetType().Name); } } } } } catch (Exception ex) { ReportException(ex); } } private void ReportException(Exception ex) { Exception innerException = ex; while (innerException != null) { Console.WriteLine(innerException.Message + System.Environment.NewLine + innerException.StackTrace + System.Environment.NewLine + System.Environment.NewLine); innerException = innerException.InnerException; } } public abstract class MySuperType { public MySuperType(string st) { this.STString = st; } public string STString { get; set; } public abstract string MyAbstractString { get; set; } } public class MyInheritedClass : MySuperType { public MyInheritedClass(string ic) : base(ic) { this.ICString = ic; } [Description("This is an important property"), Category("HowImportant")] public string ICString { get; set; } private string _oldSchoolPropertyString = string.Empty; public string OldSchoolPropertyString { get { return _oldSchoolPropertyString; } set { _oldSchoolPropertyString = value; } } [Description("This is a not so importarnt property"), Category("HowImportant")] public override string MyAbstractString { get; set; } }

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• Data Annotations validation Built into model

  - by Josh

  I want to build an object model that automatically wires in validation when I attempt to save an object. I am using DataAnnotations for my validation, and it all works well, but I think my inheritance is whacked. I am looking here for some guidance on a better way to wire in my validation. So, to build in validation I have this interface public interface IValidatable { bool IsValid { get; } ValidationResponse ValidationResults { get; } void Validate(); } Then, I have a base class that all my objects inherit from. I did a class because I wanted to wire in the validation calls automatically. The issue is that the validation has to know the type of the class is it validating. So I use Generics like so. public class CoreObjectBase<T> : IValidatable where T : CoreObjectBase<T> { #region IValidatable Members public virtual bool IsValid { get { // First, check rules that always apply to this type var result = new Validator<T>().Validate((T)this); // return false if any violations occurred return !result.HasViolations; } } public virtual ValidationResponse ValidationResults { get { var result = new Validator<T>().Validate((T)this); return result; } } public virtual void Validate() { // First, check rules that always apply to this type var result = new Validator<T>().Validate((T)this); // throw error if any violations were detected if (result.HasViolations) throw new RulesException(result.Errors); } #endregion } So, I have this circular inheritance statement. My classes look like this then: public class MyClass : CoreObjectBase<MyClass> { } But the problem occurs when I have a more complicated model. Because I can only inherit from one class, when I have a situation where inheritance makes sense I believe the child classes won't have validation on their properties. public class Parent : CoreObjectBase<Parent> { //properties validated } public class Child : Parent { //properties not validated? } I haven't really tested the validation in these cases yet, but I am pretty sure that anything in child with a data annotation on it will not be automatically validated when I call Child.Validate(); due to the way the inheritance is configured. Is there a better way to do this?

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• Need help with 2 MySql Queries. Join vs Subqueries.

  - by BugBusterX

  I have 2 tables: user: id, name message: sender_id, receiver_id, message, read_at, created_at There are 2 results I need to retrieve and I'm trying to find the best solution. I have included queries that I'm using in the very end. I need to retrieve a list of users, and also with each user have information available whether there are any unread messages from each user (them as sender, me as receiver) and whether or not there are any read messages between us ( they send I'm receiver or I send they are receivers) I need Same as above, but only those members where there has been any messaging between us, sorted by unread first, then by last message received. Can you advise please? Should this be done with joins or subqueries? In first case I do not need the count, I just need to know whether or not there is at least one unread message. I'm posting code and my current queries, please have a look when you get a chance: BTW, everything is the way I want in fist query. My concern is: In second query I would like to order by messages.created_at, but I dont think I can do that with grouping? And also I dont know if this approach is the most optimized and fast. CREATE TABLE `user` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (1,'User 1'),(2,'User 2'),(3,'User 3'),(4,'User 4'),(5,'User 5'); CREATE TABLE `message` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `sender_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, `receiver_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, `message` text, `read_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL, `created_at` datetime NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) INSERT INTO `message` VALUES (1,3,1,'Messge',NULL,'2010-10-10 10:10:10'),(2,1,4,'Hey','2010-10-10 10:10:12','2010-10-10 10:10:11'),(3,4,1,'Hello','2010-10-10 10:10:19','2010-10-10 10:10:15'),(4,1,4,'Again','2010-10-10 10:10:25','2010-10-10 10:10:21'),(5,3,1,'Hiii',NULL,'2010-10-10 10:10:21'); SELECT u.*, m_new.id as have_new, m.id as have_any FROM user u LEFT JOIN message m_new ON (u.id = m_new.sender_id AND m_new.receiver_id = 1 AND m_new.read_at IS NULL) LEFT JOIN message m ON ((u.id = m.sender_id AND m.receiver_id = 1) OR (u.id = m.receiver_id AND m.sender_id = 1)) GROUP BY u.id SELECT u.*, m_new.id as have_new, m.id as have_any FROM user u LEFT JOIN message m_new ON (u.id = m_new.sender_id AND m_new.receiver_id = 1 AND m_new.read_at IS NULL) LEFT JOIN message m ON ((u.id = m.sender_id AND m.receiver_id = 1) OR (u.id = m.receiver_id AND m.sender_id = 1)) where m.id IS NOT NULL GROUP BY u.id

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• Several C# Language Questions

  - by Water Cooler v2

  1) What is int? Is it any different from the struct System.Int32? I understand that the former is a C# alias (typedef or #define equivalant) for the CLR type System.Int32. Is this understanding correct? 2) When we say: IComparable x = 10; Is that like saying: IComparable x = new System.Int32(); But we can't new a struct, right? or in C like syntax: struct System.In32 *x; x=>someThing = 10; 3) What is String with a capitalized S? I see in Reflector that it is the sealed String class, which, of course, is a reference type, unlike the System.Int32 above, which is a value type. What is string, with an uncapitalized s, though? Is that also the C# alias for this class? Why can I not see the alias definitions in Reflector? 4) Try to follow me down this subtle train of thought, if you please. We know that a storage location of a particular type can only access properties and members on its interface. That means: Person p = new Customer(); p.Name = "Water Cooler v2"; // legal because as Name is defined on Person. but // illegal without an explicit cast even though the backing // store is a Customer, the storage location is of type // Person, which doesn't support the member/method being // accessed/called. p.GetTotalValueOfOrdersMade(); Now, with that inference, consider this scenario: int i = 10; // obvious System.object defines no member to // store an integer value or any other value in. // So, my question really is, when the integer is // boxed, what is the *type* it is actually boxed to. // In other words, what is the type that forms the // backing store on the heap, for this operation? object x = i; Update Thank you for your answers, Eric Gunnerson and Aaronought. I'm afraid I haven't been able to articulate my questions well enough to attract very satisfying answers. The trouble is, I do know the answers to my questions on the surface, and I am, by no means, a newbie programmer. But I have to admit, a deeper understanding to the intricacies of how a language and its underlying platform/runtime handle storage of types has eluded me for as long as I've been a programmer, even though I write correct code.

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