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  • Merge two data frames together that have the same variable names and data types

    - by Brandon
    I have tried the merge function to merge two csv files that I imported. They both have the same variable names and data types but each time I run merge all that I get is an object that contains the names of the two data frames. I have tried the following: # ex1 obj <- merge(obj1, obj2, by=obj) # ex2 obj <- merge(obj1, obj2, all) and several other iterations of the above. Is merge the correct function? If so, what am I doing wrong?

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  • capture types of varargs parameters

    - by IttayD
    Hi, I'd like to define a method accepting varargs, so that I get the types with which it was called even in the case of nulls. def foo(args: Any*) = .... val s: String = null foo(1, s) // i'd like to be able to tell in foo that args(0) is Int, args(1) is String

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  • Correct XML serialization and deserialization of "mixed" types in .NET

    - by Stefan
    My current task involves writing a class library for processing HL7 CDA files. These HL7 CDA files are XML files with a defined XML schema, so I used xsd.exe to generate .NET classes for XML serialization and deserialization. The XML Schema contains various types which contain the mixed="true" attribute, specifying that an XML node of this type may contain normal text mixed with other XML nodes. The relevant part of the XML schema for one of these types looks like this: <xs:complexType name="StrucDoc.Paragraph" mixed="true"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="caption" type="StrucDoc.Caption" minOccurs="0"/> <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xs:element name="br" type="StrucDoc.Br"/> <xs:element name="sub" type="StrucDoc.Sub"/> <xs:element name="sup" type="StrucDoc.Sup"/> <!-- ...other possible nodes... --> </xs:choice> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute name="ID" type="xs:ID"/> <!-- ...other attributes... --> </xs:complexType> The generated code for this type looks like this: /// <remarks/> [System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("xsd", "2.0.50727.3038")] [System.SerializableAttribute()] [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute()] [System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")] [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(TypeName="StrucDoc.Paragraph", Namespace="urn:hl7-org:v3")] public partial class StrucDocParagraph { private StrucDocCaption captionField; private object[] itemsField; private string[] textField; private string idField; // ...fields for other attributes... /// <remarks/> public StrucDocCaption caption { get { return this.captionField; } set { this.captionField = value; } } /// <remarks/> [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlElementAttribute("br", typeof(StrucDocBr))] [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlElementAttribute("sub", typeof(StrucDocSub))] [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlElementAttribute("sup", typeof(StrucDocSup))] // ...other possible nodes... public object[] Items { get { return this.itemsField; } set { this.itemsField = value; } } /// <remarks/> [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTextAttribute()] public string[] Text { get { return this.textField; } set { this.textField = value; } } /// <remarks/> [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlAttributeAttribute(DataType="ID")] public string ID { get { return this.idField; } set { this.idField = value; } } // ...properties for other attributes... } If I deserialize an XML element where the paragraph node looks like this: <paragraph>first line<br /><br />third line</paragraph> The result is that the item and text arrays are read like this: itemsField = new object[] { new StrucDocBr(), new StrucDocBr(), }; textField = new string[] { "first line", "third line", }; From this there is no possible way to determine the exact order of the text and the other nodes. If I serialize this again, the result looks exactly like this: <paragraph> <br /> <br />first linethird line </paragraph> The default serializer just serializes the items first and then the text. I tried implementing IXmlSerializable on the StrucDocParagraph class so that I could control the deserialization and serialization of the content, but it's rather complex since there are so many classes involved and I didn't come to a solution yet because I don't know if the effort pays off. Is there some kind of easy workaround to this problem, or is it even possible by doing custom serialization via IXmlSerializable? Or should I just use XmlDocument or XmlReader/XmlWriter to process these documents?

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  • How to associate all file types within Wine with its corresponding native application?

    - by MestreLion
    This is easily done for a single file type, as answered in How to associate a file type within Wine with a native application?, by creating a .reg for the desired filetype. But this is for AVI only. I use some wine apps (uTorrent, Soulseek, Eudora, to name a few) that can launch a wide range of files. Email attachments, for example, can be JPG, DOC, PDF, PPS... its impossible (and not desirable) to track down all possible file types that one may receive in an email or download in a torrent. So I neeed a solution to be more generic and broad. I need the file association to honor whatever native app is currently configured. And I want this to be done for all file types configured in my system. I've already figured out how to make the solution generic. Simply replacing the launched app in .reg for winebrowser, like this: [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.pdf] @="PDFfile" "Content Type"="application/pdf" [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PDFfile\Shell\Open\command] @="C:\\windows\\system32\\winebrowser.exe \"%1\"" Ive tested this and it works correctly. Since winebrowser uses xdg-open as a backend, and converts my windows path to a Unix one, the correct (Linux) app is launched. So I need a "batch" updater to wine's registry, sort of a wine-update-associations script that I can run whenever a new app is installed. Maybe a tool that can: List all Mime Types types in my system that have a default, installed app associated Extract all the needed info (glob, mime type, etc) Generate the .REG file in the above format The tricky part is: i've searched a LOT to find info about how association is done in Ubuntu 10.10 onwards, and documentation is scarce and confusing, to say the least. Freedesktop.org has no complete spec, and even Gnome docs are obsolete. So far I've gathered 4 files that contain association info, but im clueless on which (or why) to use, or how to use them to generate the .reg file: ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list ~/.local/share/applications/miminfo.cache /usr/share/applications/miminfo.cache /etc/gnome/defaults.list Any help, script or explanation would be greatly appreciated! Thanks!

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  • How do you encode Algebraic Data Types in a C#- or Java-like language?

    - by Jörg W Mittag
    There are some problems which are easily solved by Algebraic Data Types, for example a List type can be very succinctly expressed as: data ConsList a = Empty | ConsCell a (ConsList a) consmap f Empty = Empty consmap f (ConsCell a b) = ConsCell (f a) (consmap f b) l = ConsCell 1 (ConsCell 2 (ConsCell 3 Empty)) consmap (+1) l This particular example is in Haskell, but it would be similar in other languages with native support for Algebraic Data Types. It turns out that there is an obvious mapping to OO-style subtyping: the datatype becomes an abstract base class and every data constructor becomes a concrete subclass. Here's an example in Scala: sealed abstract class ConsList[+T] { def map[U](f: T => U): ConsList[U] } object Empty extends ConsList[Nothing] { override def map[U](f: Nothing => U) = this } final class ConsCell[T](first: T, rest: ConsList[T]) extends ConsList[T] { override def map[U](f: T => U) = new ConsCell(f(first), rest.map(f)) } val l = (new ConsCell(1, new ConsCell(2, new ConsCell(3, Empty))) l.map(1+) The only thing needed beyond naive subclassing is a way to seal classes, i.e. a way to make it impossible to add subclasses to a hierarchy. How would you approach this problem in a language like C# or Java? The two stumbling blocks I found when trying to use Algebraic Data Types in C# were: I couldn't figure out what the bottom type is called in C# (i.e. I couldn't figure out what to put into class Empty : ConsList< ??? >) I couldn't figure out a way to seal ConsList so that no subclasses can be added to the hierarchy What would be the most idiomatic way to implement Algebraic Data Types in C# and/or Java? Or, if it isn't possible, what would be the idiomatic replacement?

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  • Drupal 6: Drupal Themer gives same candidate name for different type of content types

    - by artmania
    Hi friends, I'm a drupal newbie... I have different type of contents like News, Events, etc. and their content is different. News detail page has title-content text-date. but Events detail page has title-date-content text-location-speaker-etc. So I need different layout page for these different types. So, I enabled Drupal Themer to get a candidate name. for events page, it gave me page-node.tpl.php and it gives same for News page as well :( how can I separate these pages? I expected sth like page-event-node.tpl , but no... :/ Drupal Themer also give unique candidate name for event page like page-node-18.tpl.php but it doesnt mean anything since I can not create a general layout for all events by this node name. :( Appreciate helps so much!! Thanks a lot!!!

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  • Michael Hartl's rails tutorial: reusing sessions resource for multiple User types

    - by ntaj
    I'm learning Ruby on Rails through Micheal Hartl's tutorial. In my web application, I require two types of Users, called publishers and subscribers. Currently I have a publishers resource and a subscribers resource. I'd like both of them to be able to use the sessions resource for signin/signout. I'm looking for some direction on how to implement this. Should my publisher and subscriber resource inherit from the User resource, so that, for example, the following code works through polymorphism? def create user = User.find_by_email(params[:session][:email]) if user && user.authenticate(params[:session][:password]) # Sign the user in and redirect to the user's show page. else # Create an error message and re-render the signin form. end end The publisher and subscriber do not have many common fields and different capabilities, so I think they should be modeled as two separate resources, but how to have them share the Sessions resource?

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  • N processes and M types of processes - enter and exit cs

    - by sarit
    i was asked to write: enter function and exit function for the following case: there are N processes and M types of processes (NM) tere is a critical section in which all processes with the same type can enter. for example: if type A is in cs, type B cannot enter cs. but all processes with type A can enter. i can use only mutex and "type" which is the type of the process. deadlock is not allowed. do you think this is ok? shared: this.type = -1; mutex m, m1=1; enter{ down(m) if (this.type == process.type) up(m1) down(m1) this.type= process.type up(m) } exit { this.type = -1 up(m1) } thanks! (by the way, this is not HW... i have an exam and im solvig tests from previous years)

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  • Simple way to return anonymous types (to make MVC using LINQ possible)

    - by BlueRaja The Green Unicorn
    I'd like to implement MVC while using LINQ (specifically, LINQ-to-entities). The way I would do this is have the Controller generate (or call something which generates) the result-set using LINQ, then return that to the View to display the data. The problem is, if I do: return (from o in myTable select o); All the columns are read from the database, even the ones (potentially dozens) I don't want. And - more importantly - I can't do something like this: return (from o in myTable select new { o.column }); because there is no way to make anonymous types type-safe! I know for sure there is no nice, clean way of doing this in 3.5 (this is not clean...), but what about 4.0? Is there anything planned, or even proposed? Without something like duck-typing-for-LINQ, or type-safe anonymous return values (it seems to me the compiler should certainly be capable of that), it appears to be nearly impossible to cleanly separate the Controller from the View.

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  • Checking existence of file types via extensions bash.

    - by Tommy
    Hi, I need to test if various file types exist in a directory. I've tried $ [ -f *.$fileext] where fileext is the file extension but that does not seem to work. Both of these methods work function checkext() { fileext=$1 ls *.$fileext>/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -eq 0 ] then echo "We have $fileext files!" else echo "We don't have any $fileext files!" fi } and function checkext2() { extention=$1 filescheck=(`ls *.$1`) len=${#filescheck[*]} if [ $len -gt 0 ] then echo "We have $extention files!" else if [ $len -eq 0 ] then echo "We don't have any $extention files!" else echo "Error" fi fi } The second method is less tidy as any ls error is shown so I prefer method 1. Could people please suggest any improvements, more elegant solutions e.t.c

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  • MVC using LINQ? - Can't return anonymous types

    - by BlueRaja
    I'd like to implement MVC while using LINQ (specifically, LINQ-to-entities). The way I would do this is have the Controller generate (or call something which generates) the result-set using LINQ, then return that to the View to display the data. The problem is, if I do: return (from o in myTable select o); All the columns are read from the database, even the ones (potentially dozens) I don't want. And - more importantly - I can't do something like this: return (from o in myTable select new { o.column }); because there is no way to make anonymous types type-safe! I know for sure there is no nice, clean way of doing this in 3.5 (this is not clean...), but what about 4.0? Is there anything planned, or even proposed? Without something like duck-typing-for-LINQ, or type-safe anonymous return values (it seems to me the compiler should certainly be capable of that), it appears to be nearly impossible to cleanly separate the Controller from the View.

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  • WPF DataGrid default column types

    - by Trindaz
    Hi, I'm using a DataGrid to display 2 possible types of DataRow in a DataTable. One type has the column Parent = NULL and the other has Parent set to another DataRow in the same DataTable. The list of column in the DataTable is always different, so explicitly describing each column is not possible. I want to display a UserControl in every cell of the Parent = DataRow rows, and default Text / Check boxes for the Parent = NULL rows. My first strategy is to try and set the default Column type for all automatically generated columns to be a DataGridTemplateColumn, regardless of datatype, so that I can use styles to then use either my UserControl or CheckBox or TextBox where required. How can I do this? More importantly, though, is there a better strategy than this? Cheers, Dave

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  • CA1034: Nested types should not be visible

    - by George
    Here's an explanation of the rule that that I am trying to understand. Here's the simplified code that the Code Analyzer was complaining about: Public Class CustomerSpeed Public Enum ProfitTypeEnum As Integer NotSpecified = 0 FlatAmount = 1 PercentOfProfit = 2 End Enum Private _ProfitTypeEnum As ProfitTypeEnum Public Sub New(ByVal profitType As ProfitTypeEnum) _ProfitTypeEnum = profitType End Sub End Class If the enum pertains only to the class, why is it a bad thing to make it a contained type within the class? Seems neater to me... Does anyone know what is meant by the following line?: Nested types include the notion of member accessibility, which some programmers do not understand clearly Using Namespaces to group the Class and Enum doesn't seem like a useful way to resolve this warning, since I would like both the enum to belong to the same parent level as the class name.

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  • Declaring data types in SQLite

    - by dan04
    I'm familiar with how type affinity works in SQLite: You can declare column types as anything you want, and all that matters is whether the type name contains "INT", "CHAR", "FLOA", etc. But is there a commonly-used convention on what type names to use? For example, if you have an integer column, is it better to distinguish between TINYINT, SMALLINT, MEDIUMINT, and BIGINT, or just declare everything as INTEGER? So far, I've been using the following: INTEGER REAL CHAR(n) -- for strings with a known fixed with VARCHAR(n) -- for strings with a known maximum width TEXT -- for all other strings BLOB BOOLEAN DATE -- string in "YYYY-MM-DD" format TIME -- string in "HH:MM:SS" format TIMESTAMP -- string in "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS" format (Note that the last three are contrary to the type affinity.)

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  • NuGet: "Unable to load one or more of the requested types"

    - by Joe White
    I installed NuGet into Visual Web Developer 2010 Express, but when I go to Solution Explorer, right-click on a project's "References" folder, and select "Add Library Package Reference", I immediately get this error: Unable to load one or more of the requested types. Retrieve the LoaderExceptions property for more information. There's just an OK button, and no way for me to retrieve the additional information it's telling me about. This is a fresh install of NuGet; I've never installed it on this computer before. How can I fix and/or diagnose this error so I can get NuGet to work?

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  • Tuples of unknown size/parameter types

    - by myahya
    I need to create a map, from integers to sets of tuples, the tuples in a single set have the same size. The problem is that the size of a tuple and its parameter types can be determined at runtime, not compile time. I am imagining something like: std::map<int, std::set<boost::tuple> > but not exctly sure how to exactly do this, bossibly using pointers. The purpose of this is to create temporary relations (tables), each with a unique identifier (key), maybe you have another approach.

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  • How To Test if Type is Primitive

    - by DaveDev
    Hi Guys I have a block of code that serializes a type into a Html tag. Type t = typeof(T); // I pass <T> in as a paramter, where myObj is of type T tagBuilder.Attributes.Add("class", t.Name); foreach (PropertyInfo prop in t.GetProperties()) { object propValue = prop.GetValue(myObj, null); string stringValue = propValue != null ? propValue.ToString() : String.Empty; tagBuilder.Attributes.Add(prop.Name, stringValue); } This works great, except I want it to only do this for primitive types, like string, int, double, bool etc. I want it to ignore everything else. Can anyone suggest how I do this? Or do I need to specify the types I want to allow somewhere and switch on the property's type to see if it's allowed? That's a little messy, so it'd be nice if I there was a tidier way.

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  • Custom Types in WCF Rest

    - by user316341
    I am using the Rest Singleton WCF Service temple from the Rest Starter Kit. The temples uses sample item as its sample Item. i am attempting to replace that sample ITem with a custom type from web reference in my ASP.Net project .dll. The types and name spaces are found and i can replace the sample item in the code. when i run the application i get this error: "Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation." when this line is executed "return new SingletonServiceHost(serviceType, baseAddresses);" <%@ ServiceHost Language="C#" Debug="true" Service="SAUDServices.Service" Factory="SAUDServices.AppServiceHostFactory"%> using System; using System.ServiceModel; using System.ServiceModel.Activation; using Microsoft.ServiceModel.Web.SpecializedServices; using Stretchatyourdesk; namespace SAUDServices { class AppServiceHostFactory : ServiceHostFactory { protected override ServiceHost CreateServiceHost(Type serviceType, Uri[] baseAddresses) { return new SingletonServiceHost(serviceType, baseAddresses); } } }

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