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  • makefile pathing issues on OSX

    - by Justin808
    OK, I thought I would try one last update and see if it gets me anywhere. I've created a very small test case. This should not build anything, it just tests the path settings. Also I've setup the path so there are no spaces. The is the smallest, simplest test case I could come up with. This makefile will set the path, echo the path, run avr-gcc -v with the full path specified and then try to run it without the full path specified. It should find avr-gcc in the path on the second try, but does not. makefile TOOLCHAIN := /Users/justinzaun/Desktop/AVRBuilder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain PATH := ${TOOLCHAIN}/bin:${PATH} export PATH all: @echo ${PATH} @echo -------- "${TOOLCHAIN}/bin/avr-gcc" -v @echo -------- avr-gcc -v output JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ make /Users/justinzaun/Desktop/AVRBuilder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11/bin -------- "/Users/justinzaun/Desktop/AVRBuilder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin/avr-gcc" -v Using built-in specs. COLLECT_GCC=/Users/justinzaun/Desktop/AVRBuilder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin/avr-gcc COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/Users/justinzaun/Desktop/AVRBuilder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin/../libexec/gcc/avr/4.6.3/lto-wrapper Target: avr Configured with: /Users/justinzaun/Development/AVRBuilder/Packages/gccobj/../gcc/configure --prefix=/Users/justinzaun/Development/AVRBuilder/Packages/gccobj/../build/ --exec-prefix=/Users/justinzaun/Development/AVRBuilder/Packages/gccobj/../build/ --datadir=/Users/justinzaun/Development/AVRBuilder/Packages/gccobj/../build/ --target=avr --enable-languages=c,objc,c++ --disable-libssp --disable-lto --disable-nls --disable-libgomp --disable-gdbtk --disable-threads --enable-poison-system-directories Thread model: single gcc version 4.6.3 (GCC) -------- avr-gcc -v make: avr-gcc: No such file or directory make: *** [all] Error 1 JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ Original Question I'm trying to set the path from within the makefile. I can't seem to do this on OSX. Setting the path with PATH := /new/bin/:$(PATH) does not work. See my makefile below. makefile PROJECTNAME = Untitled # Name of target controller # (e.g. 'at90s8515', see the available avr-gcc mmcu # options for possible values) MCU = atmega640 # id to use with programmer # default: PROGRAMMER_MCU=$(MCU) # In case the programer used, e.g avrdude, doesn't # accept the same MCU name as avr-gcc (for example # for ATmega8s, avr-gcc expects 'atmega8' and # avrdude requires 'm8') PROGRAMMER_MCU = $(MCU) # Source files # List C/C++/Assembly source files: # (list all files to compile, e.g. 'a.c b.cpp as.S'): # Use .cc, .cpp or .C suffix for C++ files, use .S # (NOT .s !!!) for assembly source code files. PRJSRC = main.c \ utils.c # additional includes (e.g. -I/path/to/mydir) INC = # libraries to link in (e.g. -lmylib) LIBS = # Optimization level, # use s (size opt), 1, 2, 3 or 0 (off) OPTLEVEL = s ### You should not have to touch anything below this line ### PATH := /Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR\ Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:$(PATH) CPATH := /Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR\ Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/include # HEXFORMAT -- format for .hex file output HEXFORMAT = ihex # compiler CFLAGS = -I. $(INC) -g -mmcu=$(MCU) -O$(OPTLEVEL) \ -fpack-struct -fshort-enums \ -funsigned-bitfields -funsigned-char \ -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes \ -Wa,-ahlms=$(firstword \ $(filter %.lst, $(<:.c=.lst))) # c++ specific flags CPPFLAGS = -fno-exceptions \ -Wa,-ahlms=$(firstword \ $(filter %.lst, $(<:.cpp=.lst)) \ $(filter %.lst, $(<:.cc=.lst)) \ $(filter %.lst, $(<:.C=.lst))) # assembler ASMFLAGS = -I. $(INC) -mmcu=$(MCU) \ -x assembler-with-cpp \ -Wa,-gstabs,-ahlms=$(firstword \ $(<:.S=.lst) $(<.s=.lst)) # linker LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map,$(TRG).map -mmcu=$(MCU) \ -lm $(LIBS) ##### executables #### CC=avr-gcc OBJCOPY=avr-objcopy OBJDUMP=avr-objdump SIZE=avr-size AVRDUDE=avrdude REMOVE=rm -f ##### automatic target names #### TRG=$(PROJECTNAME).out DUMPTRG=$(PROJECTNAME).s HEXROMTRG=$(PROJECTNAME).hex HEXTRG=$(HEXROMTRG) $(PROJECTNAME).ee.hex # Start by splitting source files by type # C++ CPPFILES=$(filter %.cpp, $(PRJSRC)) CCFILES=$(filter %.cc, $(PRJSRC)) BIGCFILES=$(filter %.C, $(PRJSRC)) # C CFILES=$(filter %.c, $(PRJSRC)) # Assembly ASMFILES=$(filter %.S, $(PRJSRC)) # List all object files we need to create OBJDEPS=$(CFILES:.c=.o) \ $(CPPFILES:.cpp=.o) \ $(BIGCFILES:.C=.o) \ $(CCFILES:.cc=.o) \ $(ASMFILES:.S=.o) # Define all lst files. LST=$(filter %.lst, $(OBJDEPS:.o=.lst)) # All the possible generated assembly # files (.s files) GENASMFILES=$(filter %.s, $(OBJDEPS:.o=.s)) .SUFFIXES : .c .cc .cpp .C .o .out .s .S \ .hex .ee.hex .h .hh .hpp # Make targets: # all, disasm, stats, hex, writeflash/install, clean all: $(TRG) $(TRG): $(OBJDEPS) $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o $(TRG) $(OBJDEPS) #### Generating assembly #### # asm from C %.s: %.c $(CC) -S $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@ # asm from (hand coded) asm %.s: %.S $(CC) -S $(ASMFLAGS) $< > $@ # asm from C++ .cpp.s .cc.s .C.s : $(CC) -S $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $< -o $@ #### Generating object files #### # object from C .c.o: $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@ # object from C++ (.cc, .cpp, .C files) .cc.o .cpp.o .C.o : $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< -o $@ # object from asm .S.o : $(CC) $(ASMFLAGS) -c $< -o $@ #### Generating hex files #### # hex files from elf .out.hex: $(OBJCOPY) -j .text \ -j .data \ -O $(HEXFORMAT) $< $@ .out.ee.hex: $(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom \ --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 \ -O $(HEXFORMAT) $< $@ #### Information #### info: @echo PATH: @echo "$(PATH)" $(CC) -v which $(CC) #### Cleanup #### clean: $(REMOVE) $(TRG) $(TRG).map $(DUMPTRG) $(REMOVE) $(OBJDEPS) $(REMOVE) $(LST) $(REMOVE) $(GENASMFILES) $(REMOVE) $(HEXTRG) error JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ make avr-gcc -I. -g -mmcu=atmega640 -Os -fpack-struct -fshort-enums -funsigned-bitfields -funsigned-char -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wa,-ahlms=main.lst -c main.c -o main.o make: avr-gcc: No such file or directory make: *** [main.o] Error 1 JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ If I change my CC= to include the full path: CC=/Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR\ Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin/avr-gcc then it finds it, but this doesn't seem the correct way to do things. For instance its trying to use the system as not the one in the correct path. update - Just to be sure, I'm adding the output of my ls command too so everyone knows the file exist. Also I've added a make info target to the makefile and showing that output as well. JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ ls /Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR\ Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin ar avr-elfedit avr-man avr-strip objcopy as avr-g++ avr-nm avrdude objdump avr-addr2line avr-gcc avr-objcopy c++ ranlib avr-ar avr-gcc-4.6.3 avr-objdump g++ strip avr-as avr-gcov avr-ranlib gcc avr-c++ avr-gprof avr-readelf ld avr-c++filt avr-ld avr-size ld.bfd avr-cpp avr-ld.bfd avr-strings nm JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ Output of make info with the \ in my path JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ make info PATH: /Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR\ Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11/bin avr-gcc -v make: avr-gcc: No such file or directory make: *** [info] Error 1 JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ Output of make info with the \ not in my path JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ make info PATH: /Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11/bin avr-gcc -v make: avr-gcc: No such file or directory make: *** [info] Error 1 JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ update - When I have my CC set to include the full path as described above, this is the result of make info. JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$ make info PATH: /Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11/bin /Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR\ Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin/avr-gcc -v Using built-in specs. COLLECT_GCC=/Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin/avr-gcc COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin/../libexec/gcc/avr/4.6.3/lto-wrapper Target: avr Configured with: /Users/justinzaun/Development/AVRBuilder/Packages/gccobj/../gcc/configure --prefix=/Users/justinzaun/Development/AVRBuilder/Packages/gccobj/../build/ --exec-prefix=/Users/justinzaun/Development/AVRBuilder/Packages/gccobj/../build/ --datadir=/Users/justinzaun/Development/AVRBuilder/Packages/gccobj/../build/ --target=avr --enable-languages=c,objc,c++ --disable-libssp --disable-lto --disable-nls --disable-libgomp --disable-gdbtk --disable-threads --enable-poison-system-directories Thread model: single gcc version 4.6.3 (GCC) which /Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR\ Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin/avr-gcc /Users/justinzaun/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AVR_Builder-gxiykwiwjywvoagykxvmotvncbyd/Build/Products/Debug/AVR Builder.app/Contents/Resources/avrchain/bin/avr-gcc JUSTINs-MacBook-Air:Untitled justinzaun$

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  • PE Header Requirements

    - by Pindatjuh
    What are the requirements of a PE file (PE/COFF)? What fields should be set, which value, at a bare minimum for enabling it to "run" on Windows (i.e. executing "ret" instruction and then close, without error). The library I am building first is the linker: Now, the problem I have is the PE file (PE/COFF). I don't know what is "required" for a PE file before it can actually execute on my platform. My testing platform is Vista. I get an error message, saying "This is not a valid Win32 executable." when I execute it by double-clicking, and I get an "Access Denied." when executing it with CLI cmd. I have two sections, .text and .data. I've implemented the PE headers as provided by several online documents, i.e. MSDN and some other thirdparty documentation. If I use a hex-editor, it looks almost like a regular PE file. I don't use any imports, nor IAT, nor any directories in the PE header. Edit: I've added an import table, still not a valid .exe-file, says my Windows. I've tried to use values which are also mentioned at the smallest PE-file guide. No luck. Really the only thing I can't seem to figure out is what is required and what isn't. Some guides tell me everything is required, whilst others say about deprications: and it can be zero. I hope this is enough information. Thank you, in advance. Raw data (as requested) of current PE header: 4D 5A 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 40 00 00 00 50 45 00 00 4C 01 02 00 C8 7A 55 4B 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 E0 00 82 01 0B 01 0D 25 00 10 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 40 00 00 10 00 00 00 02 00 00 01 00 0B 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 0A 00 00 00 00 00 00 22 00 00 38 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 40 00 00 00 40 00 00 00 40 00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 0E 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 24 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 2E 74 65 78 74 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 60 2E 69 64 61 74 61 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 40 00 00 C0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 3C 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 24 20 00 00 34 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 4B 45 52 4E 45 4C 33 32 2E 64 6C 6C 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 80 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 80 00 00 00 00

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  • Access Violation When Accessing an STL Object Through A Pointer or Reference In A Different DLL or E

    - by Yan Cheng CHEOK
    I experience the following problem while using legacy VC6. I just cann't switch to modern compiler, as I am working on a legacy code base. http://support.microsoft.com/kb/172396 Since there are no way to export map, my planned workaround is using static linking instead of dynamic linking. I was wondering whether you all had encountered the similar situation? What is your workaround for this? Another workaround is to create wrapper class around the stl map, to ensure creation and accessing stl map, are within the same DLL space. Note that, fun0, which uses wrapper class will just work fine. fun1 will crash. Here is the code example : // main.cpp. Compiled it as exe. #pragma warning (disable : 4786) #include <map> #include <string> template <class K, class V> class __declspec(dllimport) map_wrapper { public: map_wrapper(); ~map_wrapper(); map_wrapper(const map_wrapper&); map_wrapper& operator=(const map_wrapper&); V& operator[](const K&); const V& operator[](const K&) const; const V& get(const K&) const; void put(const K&, const V&); int size() const; private: std::map<K, V> *m; }; __declspec(dllimport) void fun0(map_wrapper<std::string, int>& m); __declspec(dllimport) void fun1(std::map<std::string, int>& m); int main () { map_wrapper<std::string, int> m0; std::map<std::string, int> m1; m0["hello"] = 888; m1["hello"] = 888; // Safe. The we create std::map and access map both in dll space. fun0(m0); // Crash! The we create std::map in exe space, and access map in dll space. fun1(m1); return 0; } // dll.cpp. Compiled it as dynamic dll. #pragma warning (disable : 4786) #include <map> #include <string> #include <iostream> /* In map_wrapper.h */ template <class K, class V> class __declspec(dllexport) map_wrapper { public: map_wrapper(); ~map_wrapper(); map_wrapper(const map_wrapper&); map_wrapper& operator=(const map_wrapper&); V& operator[](const K&); const V& operator[](const K&) const; const V& get(const K&) const; void put(const K&, const V&); int size() const; private: std::map<K, V> *m; }; /* End */ /* In map_wrapper.cpp */ template <class K, class V> map_wrapper<K, V>::map_wrapper() : m(new std::map<K, V>()) { } template <class K, class V> map_wrapper<K, V>::~map_wrapper() { delete m; } template <class K, class V> map_wrapper<K, V>::map_wrapper(const map_wrapper<K, V>& map) : m(new std::map<K, V>(*(map.m))) { } template <class K, class V> map_wrapper<K, V>& map_wrapper<K, V>::operator=(const map_wrapper<K, V>& map) { std::map<K, V>* tmp = this->m; this->m = new std::map<K, V>(*(map.m)); delete tmp; return *this; } template <class K, class V> V& map_wrapper<K, V>::operator[](const K& key) { return (*this->m)[key]; } template <class K, class V> const V& map_wrapper<K, V>::operator[](const K& key) const { return (*this->m)[key]; } template <class K, class V> const V& map_wrapper<K, V>::get(const K& key) const { return (*this->m)[key]; } template <class K, class V> void map_wrapper<K, V>::put(const K& key, const V& value) { (*this->m)[key] = value; } template <class K, class V> int map_wrapper<K, V>::size() const { return this->m->size(); } // See : http://www.parashift.com/c++-faq-lite/templates.html#faq-35.15 // [35.15] How can I avoid linker errors with my template classes? template class __declspec(dllexport) map_wrapper<std::string, int>; /* End */ __declspec(dllexport) void fun0(map_wrapper<std::string, int>& m) { std::cout << m["hello"] << std::endl; } __declspec(dllexport) void fun1(std::map<std::string, int>& m) { std::cout << m["hello"] << std::endl; }

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  • FreeBSD performance tuning. Sysctls, loader.conf, kernel

    - by SaveTheRbtz
    I wanted to share knowledge of tuning FreeBSD via sysctl.conf/loader.conf/KENCONF. It was initially based on Igor Sysoev's (author of nginx) presentation about FreeBSD tuning up to 100,000-200,000 active connections. Tunings are for FreeBSD-CURRENT. Since 7.2 amd64 some of them are tuned well by default. Prior 7.0 some of them are boot only (set via /boot/loader.conf) or does not exist at all. sysctl.conf: # No zero mapping feature # May break wine # (There are also reports about broken samba3) #security.bsd.map_at_zero=0 # If you have really busy webserver with apache13 you may run out of processes #kern.maxproc=10000 # Same for servers with apache2 / Pound #kern.threads.max_threads_per_proc=4096 # Max. backlog size kern.ipc.somaxconn=4096 # Shared memory // 7.2+ can use shared memory > 2Gb kern.ipc.shmmax=2147483648 # Sockets kern.ipc.maxsockets=204800 # Can cause this on older kernels: # http://old.nabble.com/Significant-performance-regression-for-increased-maxsockbuf-on-8.0-RELEASE-tt26745981.html#a26745981 ) kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=10485760 # Mbuf 2k clusters (on amd64 7.2+ 25600 is default) # For such high value vm.kmem_size must be increased to 3G kern.ipc.nmbclusters=262144 # Jumbo pagesize(_SC_PAGESIZE) clusters # Used as general packet storage for jumbo frames # can be monitored via `netstat -m` #kern.ipc.nmbjumbop=262144 # Jumbo 9k/16k clusters # If you are using them #kern.ipc.nmbjumbo9=65536 #kern.ipc.nmbjumbo16=32768 # For lower latency you can decrease scheduler's maximum time slice # default: stathz/10 (~ 13) #kern.sched.slice=1 # Increase max command-line length showed in `ps` (e.g for Tomcat/Java) # Default is PAGE_SIZE / 16 or 256 on x86 # This avoids commands to be presented as [executable] in `ps` # For more info see: http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=120749 kern.ps_arg_cache_limit=4096 # Every socket is a file, so increase them kern.maxfiles=204800 kern.maxfilesperproc=200000 kern.maxvnodes=200000 # On some systems HPET is almost 2 times faster than default ACPI-fast # Useful on systems with lots of clock_gettime / gettimeofday calls # See http://old.nabble.com/ACPI-fast-default-timecounter,-but-HPET-83--faster-td23248172.html # After revision 222222 HPET became default: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision&revision=222222 kern.timecounter.hardware=HPET # Small receive space, only usable on http-server, on file server this # should be increased to 65535 or even more #net.inet.tcp.recvspace=8192 # This is useful on Fat-Long-Pipes #net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_max=10485760 #net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_inc=65535 # Small send space is useful for http servers that serve small files # Autotuned since 7.x net.inet.tcp.sendspace=16384 # This is useful on Fat-Long-Pipes #net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_max=10485760 #net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_inc=65535 # Turn off receive autotuning # You can play with it. #net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_auto=0 #net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_auto=0 # This should be enabled if you going to use big spaces (>64k) # Also timestamp field is useful when using syncookies net.inet.tcp.rfc1323=1 # Turn this off on high-speed, lossless connections (LAN 1Gbit+) # If you set it there is no need in TCP_NODELAY sockopt (see man tcp) net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack=0 # This feature is useful if you are serving data over modems, Gigabit Ethernet, # or even high speed WAN links (or any other link with a high bandwidth delay product), # especially if you are also using window scaling or have configured a large send window. # Automatically disables on small RTT ( http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/src/sys/netinet/tcp_subr.c?#rev1.237 ) # This sysctl was removed in 10-CURRENT: # See: http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg06178.html #net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable=0 # TCP slowstart algorithm tunings # We assuming we have very fast clients #net.inet.tcp.slowstart_flightsize=100 #net.inet.tcp.local_slowstart_flightsize=100 # Disable randomizing of ports to avoid false RST # Before usage check SA here www.bsdcan.org/2006/papers/ImprovingTCPIP.pdf # (it's also says that port randomization auto-disables at some conn.rates, but I didn't checked it thou) #net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized=0 # Increase portrange # For outgoing connections only. Good for seed-boxes and ftp servers. net.inet.ip.portrange.first=1024 net.inet.ip.portrange.last=65535 # # stops route cache degregation during a high-bandwidth flood # http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/securing-freebsd.html #net.inet.ip.rtexpire=2 net.inet.ip.rtminexpire=2 net.inet.ip.rtmaxcache=1024 # Security net.inet.ip.redirect=0 net.inet.ip.sourceroute=0 net.inet.ip.accept_sourceroute=0 net.inet.icmp.maskrepl=0 net.inet.icmp.log_redirect=0 net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect=1 net.inet.tcp.drop_synfin=1 # # There is also good example of sysctl.conf with comments: # http://www.thern.org/projects/sysctl.conf # # icmp may NOT rst, helpful for those pesky spoofed # icmp/udp floods that end up taking up your outgoing # bandwidth/ifqueue due to all that outgoing RST traffic. # #net.inet.tcp.icmp_may_rst=0 # Security net.inet.udp.blackhole=1 net.inet.tcp.blackhole=2 # IPv6 Security # For more info see http://www.fosslc.org/drupal/content/security-implications-ipv6 # Disable Node info replies # To see this vulnerability in action run `ping6 -a sglAac ::1` or `ping6 -w ::1` on unprotected node net.inet6.icmp6.nodeinfo=0 # Turn on IPv6 privacy extensions # For more info see proposal http://unix.derkeiler.com/Mailing-Lists/FreeBSD/net/2008-06/msg00103.html net.inet6.ip6.use_tempaddr=1 net.inet6.ip6.prefer_tempaddr=1 # Disable ICMP redirect net.inet6.icmp6.rediraccept=0 # Disable acceptation of RA and auto linklocal generation if you don't use them #net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv=0 #net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal=0 # Increases default TTL, sometimes useful # Default is 64 net.inet.ip.ttl=128 # Lessen max segment life to conserve resources # ACK waiting time in miliseconds # (default: 30000. RFC from 1979 recommends 120000) net.inet.tcp.msl=5000 # Max bumber of timewait sockets net.inet.tcp.maxtcptw=200000 # Don't use tw on local connections # As of 15 Apr 2009. Igor Sysoev says that nolocaltimewait has some buggy realization. # So disable it or now till get fixed #net.inet.tcp.nolocaltimewait=1 # FIN_WAIT_2 state fast recycle net.inet.tcp.fast_finwait2_recycle=1 # Time before tcp keepalive probe is sent # default is 2 hours (7200000) #net.inet.tcp.keepidle=60000 # Should be increased until net.inet.ip.intr_queue_drops is zero net.inet.ip.intr_queue_maxlen=4096 # Interrupt handling via multiple CPU, but with context switch. # You can play with it. Default is 1; #net.isr.direct=0 # This is for routers only #net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 #net.inet.ip.fastforwarding=1 # This speed ups dummynet when channel isn't saturated net.inet.ip.dummynet.io_fast=1 # Increase dummynet(4) hash #net.inet.ip.dummynet.hash_size=2048 #net.inet.ip.dummynet.max_chain_len # Should be increased when you have A LOT of files on server # (Increase until vfs.ufs.dirhash_mem becomes lower) vfs.ufs.dirhash_maxmem=67108864 # Note from commit http://svn.freebsd.org/base/head@211031 : # For systems with RAID volumes and/or virtualization envirnments, where # read performance is very important, increasing this sysctl tunable to 32 # or even more will demonstratively yield additional performance benefits. vfs.read_max=32 # Explicit Congestion Notification (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification) net.inet.tcp.ecn.enable=1 # Flowtable - flow caching mechanism # Useful for routers #net.inet.flowtable.enable=1 #net.inet.flowtable.nmbflows=65535 # Extreme polling tuning #kern.polling.burst_max=1000 #kern.polling.each_burst=1000 #kern.polling.reg_frac=100 #kern.polling.user_frac=1 #kern.polling.idle_poll=0 # IPFW dynamic rules and timeouts tuning # Increase dyn_buckets till net.inet.ip.fw.curr_dyn_buckets is lower net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_buckets=65536 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_max=65536 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_ack_lifetime=120 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_syn_lifetime=10 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_fin_lifetime=2 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_short_lifetime=10 # Make packets pass firewall only once when using dummynet # i.e. packets going thru pipe are passing out from firewall with accept #net.inet.ip.fw.one_pass=1 # shm_use_phys Wires all shared pages, making them unswappable # Use this to lessen Virtual Memory Manager's work when using Shared Mem. # Useful for databases #kern.ipc.shm_use_phys=1 # ZFS # Enable prefetch. Useful for sequential load type i.e fileserver. # FreeBSD sets vfs.zfs.prefetch_disable to 1 on any i386 systems and # on any amd64 systems with less than 4GB of avaiable memory # For additional info check this nabble thread http://old.nabble.com/Samba-read-speed-performance-tuning-td27964534.html #vfs.zfs.prefetch_disable=0 # On highload servers you may notice following message in dmesg: # "Approaching the limit on PV entries, consider increasing either the # vm.pmap.shpgperproc or the vm.pmap.pv_entry_max tunable" vm.pmap.shpgperproc=2048 loader.conf: # Accept filters for data, http and DNS requests # Useful when your software uses select() instead of kevent/kqueue or when you under DDoS # DNS accf available on 8.0+ accf_data_load="YES" accf_http_load="YES" accf_dns_load="YES" # Async IO system calls aio_load="YES" # Linux specific devices in /dev # As for 8.1 it only /dev/full #lindev_load="YES" # Adds NCQ support in FreeBSD # WARNING! all ad[0-9]+ devices will be renamed to ada[0-9]+ # 8.0+ only #ahci_load="YES" #siis_load="YES" # FreeBSD 8.2+ # New Congestion Control for FreeBSD # http://caia.swin.edu.au/urp/newtcp/tools/cc_chd-readme-0.1.txt # http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/78/slides/iccrg-5.pdf # Initial merge commit message http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg31410.html #cc_chd_load="YES" # Increase kernel memory size to 3G. # # Use ONLY if you have KVA_PAGES in kernel configuration, and you have more than 3G RAM # Otherwise panic will happen on next reboot! # # It's required for high buffer sizes: kern.ipc.nmbjumbop, kern.ipc.nmbclusters, etc # Useful on highload stateful firewalls, proxies or ZFS fileservers # (FreeBSD 7.2+ amd64 users: Check that current value is lower!) #vm.kmem_size="3G" # If your server has lots of swap (>4Gb) you should increase following value # according to http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-hackers/2009-October/029616.html # Otherwise you'll be getting errors # "kernel: swap zone exhausted, increase kern.maxswzone" # kern.maxswzone="256M" # Older versions of FreeBSD can't tune maxfiles on the fly #kern.maxfiles="200000" # Useful for databases # Sets maximum data size to 1G # (FreeBSD 7.2+ amd64 users: Check that current value is lower!) #kern.maxdsiz="1G" # Maximum buffer size(vfs.maxbufspace) # You can check current one via vfs.bufspace # Should be lowered/upped depending on server's load-type # Usually decreased to preserve kmem # (default is 10% of mem) #kern.maxbcache="512M" # Sendfile buffers # For i386 only #kern.ipc.nsfbufs=10240 # FreeBSD 9+ # HPET "legacy route" support. It should allow HPET to work per-CPU # See http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg03603.html #hint.atrtc.0.clock=0 #hint.attimer.0.clock=0 #hint.hpet.0.legacy_route=1 # syncache Hash table tuning net.inet.tcp.syncache.hashsize=1024 net.inet.tcp.syncache.bucketlimit=512 net.inet.tcp.syncache.cachelimit=65536 # Increased hostcache # Later host cache can be viewed via net.inet.tcp.hostcache.list hidden sysctl # Very useful for it's RTT RTTVAR # Must be power of two net.inet.tcp.hostcache.hashsize=65536 # hashsize * bucketlimit (which is 30 by default) # It allocates 255Mb (1966080*136) of RAM net.inet.tcp.hostcache.cachelimit=1966080 # TCP control-block Hash table tuning net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize=4096 # Disable ipfw deny all # Should be uncommented when there is a chance that # kernel and ipfw binary may be out-of sync on next reboot #net.inet.ip.fw.default_to_accept=1 # # SIFTR (Statistical Information For TCP Research) is a kernel module that # logs a range of statistics on active TCP connections to a log file. # See prerelease notes http://groups.google.com/group/mailing.freebsd.current/browse_thread/thread/b4c18be6cdce76e4 # and man 4 sitfr #siftr_load="YES" # Enable superpages, for 7.2+ only # Also read http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-hackers/2009-November/030094.html vm.pmap.pg_ps_enabled=1 # Usefull if you are using Intel-Gigabit NIC #hw.em.rxd=4096 #hw.em.txd=4096 #hw.em.rx_process_limit="-1" # Also if you have ALOT interrupts on NIC - play with following parameters # NOTE: You should set them for every NIC #dev.em.0.rx_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.tx_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.rx_abs_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.tx_abs_int_delay: 250 # There is also multithreaded version of em/igb drivers can be found here: # http://people.yandex-team.ru/~wawa/ # # for additional em monitoring and statistics use # sysctl dev.em.0.stats=1 ; dmesg # sysctl dev.em.0.debug=1 ; dmesg # Also after r209242 (-CURRENT) there is a separate sysctl for each stat variable; # Same tunings for igb #hw.igb.rxd=4096 #hw.igb.txd=4096 #hw.igb.rx_process_limit=100 # Some useful netisr tunables. See sysctl net.isr #net.isr.maxthreads=4 #net.isr.defaultqlimit=4096 #net.isr.maxqlimit: 10240 # Bind netisr threads to CPUs #net.isr.bindthreads=1 # # FreeBSD 9.x+ # Increase interface send queue length # See commit message http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&revision=207554 #net.link.ifqmaxlen=1024 # Nicer boot logo =) loader_logo="beastie" And finally here is KERNCONF: # Just some of them, see also # cat /sys/{i386,amd64,}/conf/NOTES # This one useful only on i386 #options KVA_PAGES=512 # You can play with HZ in environments with high interrupt rate (default is 1000) # 100 is for my notebook to prolong it's battery life #options HZ=100 # Polling is goot on network loads with high packet rates and low-end NICs # NB! Do not enable it if you want more than one netisr thread #options DEVICE_POLLING # Eliminate datacopy on socket read-write # To take advantage with zero copy sockets you should have an MTU >= 4k # This req. is only for receiving data. # Read more in man zero_copy_sockets # Also this epic thread on kernel trap: # http://kerneltrap.org/node/6506 # Here Linus says that "anybody that does it that way (FreeBSD) is totally incompetent" #options ZERO_COPY_SOCKETS # Support TCP sign. Used for IPSec options TCP_SIGNATURE # There was stackoverflow found in KAME IPSec stack: # See http://secunia.com/advisories/43995/ # For quick workaround you can use `ipfw add deny proto ipcomp` options IPSEC # This ones can be loaded as modules. They described in loader.conf section #options ACCEPT_FILTER_DATA #options ACCEPT_FILTER_HTTP # Adding ipfw, also can be loaded as modules options IPFIREWALL # On 8.1+ you can disable verbose to see blocked packets on ipfw0 interface. # Also there is no point in compiling verbose into the kernel, because # now there is net.inet.ip.fw.verbose tunable. #options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE #options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=10 options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD # Adding kernel NAT options IPFIREWALL_NAT options LIBALIAS # Traffic shaping options DUMMYNET # Divert, i.e. for userspace NAT options IPDIVERT # This is for OpenBSD's pf firewall device pf device pflog # pf's QoS - ALTQ options ALTQ options ALTQ_CBQ # Class Bases Queuing (CBQ) options ALTQ_RED # Random Early Detection (RED) options ALTQ_RIO # RED In/Out options ALTQ_HFSC # Hierarchical Packet Scheduler (HFSC) options ALTQ_PRIQ # Priority Queuing (PRIQ) options ALTQ_NOPCC # Required for SMP build # Pretty console # Manual can be found here http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=6134 #options VESA #options SC_PIXEL_MODE # Disable reboot on Ctrl Alt Del #options SC_DISABLE_REBOOT # Change normal|kernel messages color options SC_NORM_ATTR=(FG_GREEN|BG_BLACK) options SC_KERNEL_CONS_ATTR=(FG_YELLOW|BG_BLACK) # More scroll space options SC_HISTORY_SIZE=8192 # Adding hardware crypto device device crypto device cryptodev # Useful network interfaces device vlan device tap #Virtual Ethernet driver device gre #IP over IP tunneling device if_bridge #Bridge interface device pfsync #synchronization interface for PF device carp #Common Address Redundancy Protocol device enc #IPsec interface device lagg #Link aggregation interface device stf #IPv4-IPv6 port # Also for my notebook, but may be used with Opteron device amdtemp # Same for Intel processors device coretemp # man 4 cpuctl device cpuctl # CPU control pseudo-device # Support for ECMP. More than one route for destination # Works even with default route so one can use it as LB for two ISP # For now code is unstable and panics (panic: rtfree 2) on route deletions. #options RADIX_MPATH # Multicast routing #options MROUTING #options PIM # Debug & DTrace options KDB # Kernel debugger related code options KDB_TRACE # Print a stack trace for a panic options KDTRACE_FRAME # amd64-only(?) options KDTRACE_HOOKS # all architectures - enable general DTrace hooks #options DDB #options DDB_CTF # all architectures - kernel ELF linker loads CTF data # Adaptive spining in lockmgr (8.x+) # See http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg10782.html options ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS # UTF-8 in console (8.x+) #options TEKEN_UTF8 # FreeBSD 8.1+ # Deadlock resolver thread # For additional information see http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg18124.html # (FYI: "resolution" is panic so use with caution) #options DEADLKRES # Increase maximum size of Raw I/O and sendfile(2) readahead #options MAXPHYS=(1024*1024) #options MAXBSIZE=(1024*1024) # For scheduler debug enable following option. # Debug will be available via `kern.sched.stats` sysctl # For more information see http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/head/sys/conf/NOTES?view=markup #options SCHED_STATS If you are tuning network for maximum performance you may wish to play with ifconfig options like: # You can list all capabilities via `ifconfig -m` ifconfig [-]rxcsum [-]txcsum [-]tso [-]lro mtu In case you've enabled DDB in kernel config, you should edit your /etc/ddb.conf and add something like this to enable automatic reboot (and textdump as bonus): script kdb.enter.panic=textdump set; capture on; show pcpu; bt; ps; alltrace; capture off; call doadump; reset script kdb.enter.default=textdump set; capture on; bt; ps; capture off; call doadump; reset And do not forget to add ddb_enable="YES" to /etc/rc.conf Since FreeBSD 9 you can select to enable/disable flowcontrol on your NIC: # See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_flow_control and # http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg07927.html for additional info ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol PS. Also most of FreeBSD's limits can be monitored by # vmstat -z and # limits PPS. variety of network counters can be monitored via # netstat -s In FreeBSD-9 netstat's -Q option appeared, try following command to display netisr stats # netstat -Q PPPS. also see # man 7 tuning PPPPS. I wanted to thank FreeBSD community, especially author of nginx - Igor Sysoev, nginx-ru@ and FreeBSD-performance@ mailing lists for providing useful information about FreeBSD tuning. FreeBSD WIP * Whats cooking for FreeBSD 7? * Whats cooking for FreeBSD 8? * Whats cooking for FreeBSD 9? So here is the question: What tunings are you using on yours FreeBSD servers? You can also post your /etc/sysctl.conf, /boot/loader.conf, kernel options, etc with description of its' meaning (do not copy-paste from sysctl -d). Don't forget to specify server type (web, smb, gateway, etc) Let's share experience!

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  • mac, netbeans 6.8, c++, sdl, opengl: compilation problems

    - by ufk
    Hiya. I'm trying to properly compile a c++ opengl+sdl application using netbeans 6.8 under Snow Leopard 64-bit. I have libSDL 1.2.14 installed using macports. The script that I try to compile is the following: #ifdef WIN32 #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN #include <windows.h> #endif #if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__) #include <OpenGL/gl.h> // Header File For The OpenGL32 Library #include <OpenGL/glu.h> // Header File For The GLu32 Library #else #include <GL/gl.h> // Header File For The OpenGL32 Library #include <GL/glu.h> // Header File For The GLu32 Library #endif #include "sdl/SDL.h" #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include "SDL/SDL_main.h" SDL_Surface *screen=NULL; GLfloat rtri; // Angle For The Triangle ( NEW ) GLfloat rquad; // Angle For The Quad ( NEW ) void InitGL(int Width, int Height) // We call this right after our OpenGL window is created. { glViewport(0, 0, Width, Height); glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // This Will Clear The Background Color To Black glClearDepth(1.0); // Enables Clearing Of The Depth Buffer glDepthFunc(GL_LESS); // The Type Of Depth Test To Do glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // Enables Depth Testing glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); // Enables Smooth Color Shading glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The Projection Matrix gluPerspective(45.0f,(GLfloat)Width/(GLfloat)Height,0.1f,100.0f); // Calculate The Aspect Ratio Of The Window glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); } /* The main drawing function. */ int DrawGLScene() { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // Clear The Screen And The Depth Buffer glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The View glTranslatef(-1.5f,0.0f,-6.0f); // Move Left 1.5 Units And Into The Screen 6.0 glRotatef(rtri,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f); // Rotate The Triangle On The Y axis ( NEW ) // draw a triangle glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); // Begin Drawing Triangles glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); // Red glVertex3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Top Of Triangle (Front) glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f); // Green glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f); // Left Of Triangle (Front) glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); // Blue glVertex3f( 1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f); // Right Of Triangle (Front) glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); // Red glVertex3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Top Of Triangle (Right) glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); // Blue glVertex3f( 1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f); // Left Of Triangle (Right) glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f); // Green glVertex3f( 1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f); // Right Of Triangle (Right) glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); // Red glVertex3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Top Of Triangle (Back) glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f); // Green glVertex3f( 1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f); // Left Of Triangle (Back) glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); // Blue glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f); // Right Of Triangle (Back) glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); // Red glVertex3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Top Of Triangle (Left) glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); // Blue glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f); // Left Of Triangle (Left) glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f); // Green glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f); // Right Of Triangle (Left) glEnd(); glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The Current Modelview Matrix glTranslatef(1.5f,0.0f,-7.0f); // Move Right 1.5 Units And Into The Screen 6.0 glRotatef(rquad,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); // Rotate The Quad On The X axis ( NEW ) glBegin(GL_QUADS); // Start Drawing Quads glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f); // Set The Color To Green glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f); // Top Right Of The Quad (Top) glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f); // Top Left Of The Quad (Top) glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Bottom Left Of The Quad (Top) glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Bottom Right Of The Quad (Top) glColor3f(1.0f,0.5f,0.0f); // Set The Color To Orange glVertex3f( 1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f); // Top Right Of The Quad (Bottom) glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f); // Top Left Of The Quad (Bottom) glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f); // Bottom Left Of The Quad (Bottom) glVertex3f( 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f); // Bottom Right Of The Quad (Bottom) glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); // Set The Color To Red glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Top Right Of The Quad (Front) glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Top Left Of The Quad (Front) glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f); // Bottom Left Of The Quad (Front) glVertex3f( 1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f); // Bottom Right Of The Quad (Front) glColor3f(1.0f,1.0f,0.0f); // Set The Color To Yellow glVertex3f( 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f); // Bottom Left Of The Quad (Back) glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f); // Bottom Right Of The Quad (Back) glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f); // Top Right Of The Quad (Back) glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f); // Top Left Of The Quad (Back) glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); // Set The Color To Blue glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Top Right Of The Quad (Left) glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f); // Top Left Of The Quad (Left) glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f); // Bottom Left Of The Quad (Left) glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f); // Bottom Right Of The Quad (Left) glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,1.0f); // Set The Color To Violet glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f); // Top Right Of The Quad (Right) glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Top Left Of The Quad (Right) glVertex3f( 1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f); // Bottom Left Of The Quad (Right) glVertex3f( 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f); // Bottom Right Of The Quad (Right) glEnd(); // Done Drawing A Quad rtri+=0.02f; // Increase The Rotation Variable For The Triangle ( NEW ) rquad-=0.015f; // Decrease The Rotation Variable For The Quad ( NEW ) // swap buffers to display, since we're double buffered. SDL_GL_SwapBuffers(); return true; } int main(int argc,char* argv[]) { int done; /*variable to hold the file name of the image to be loaded *In real world error handling code would precede this */ /* Initialize SDL for video output */ if ( SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0 ) { fprintf(stderr, "Unable to initialize SDL: %s\n", SDL_GetError()); exit(1); } atexit(SDL_Quit); /* Create a 640x480 OpenGL screen */ if ( SDL_SetVideoMode(640, 480, 0, SDL_OPENGL) == NULL ) { fprintf(stderr, "Unable to create OpenGL screen: %s\n", SDL_GetError()); SDL_Quit(); exit(2); } SDL_WM_SetCaption("another example",NULL); InitGL(640,480); done=0; while (! done) { DrawGLScene(); SDL_Event event; while ( SDL_PollEvent(&event) ) { if ( event.type == SDL_QUIT ) { done = 1; } if ( event.type == SDL_KEYDOWN ) { if ( event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_ESCAPE ) { done = 1; } } } } } Under netbeans project properties I configured the following: C++ Compiler: added /usr/X11/include and /opt/local/include to the include directories. Linker: I added the following libraries: /usr/X11/lib/libGL.dylib /usr/X11/lib/libGLU.dylib /opt/local/lib/libSDL.dylib /opt/local/lib/libSDLmain.a Now... before I included SDL_main.h and libSDLMain.a to the project I got an error unknown reference to _main then I read here: http://www.libsdl.org/faq.php?action=listentries&category=7#55 that I need to include SDL_Main.h and to link libSDLMain.so to my project. after doing so, the project still won't compile. this is the Netbeans output: /usr/bin/make -f nbproject/Makefile-Debug.mk SUBPROJECTS= .clean-conf rm -f -r build/Debug rm -f dist/Debug/GNU-MacOSX/opengl2 CLEAN SUCCESSFUL (total time: 79ms) /usr/bin/make -f nbproject/Makefile-Debug.mk SUBPROJECTS= .build-conf /usr/bin/make -f nbproject/Makefile-Debug.mk dist/Debug/GNU-MacOSX/opengl2 mkdir -p build/Debug/GNU-MacOSX rm -f build/Debug/GNU-MacOSX/main.o.d g++ -c -g -I/usr/X11/include -I/opt/local/include -MMD -MP -MF build/Debug/GNU-MacOSX/main.o.d -o build/Debug/GNU-MacOSX/main.o main.cpp mkdir -p dist/Debug/GNU-MacOSX g++ -o dist/Debug/GNU-MacOSX/opengl2 build/Debug/GNU-MacOSX/main.o /opt/local/lib/libIL.dylib /opt/local/lib/libILU.dylib /opt/local/lib/libILUT.dylib /usr/X11/lib/libGL.dylib /usr/X11/lib/libGLU.dylib /opt/local/lib/libSDL.dylib /opt/local/lib/libSDLmain.a Undefined symbols: "_OBJC_CLASS_$_NSMenu", referenced from: __objc_classrefs__DATA@0 in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "__objc_empty_cache", referenced from: _OBJC_METACLASS_$_SDLMain in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _OBJC_CLASS_$_SDLMain in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "_CFBundleGetMainBundle", referenced from: -[SDLMain setupWorkingDirectory:] in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "_CFURLGetFileSystemRepresentation", referenced from: -[SDLMain setupWorkingDirectory:] in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "_NSApp", referenced from: _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "_OBJC_CLASS_$_NSProcessInfo", referenced from: __objc_classrefs__DATA@0 in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "_CFURLCreateCopyDeletingLastPathComponent", referenced from: -[SDLMain setupWorkingDirectory:] in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "_NSAllocateMemoryPages", referenced from: -[NSString(ReplaceSubString) stringByReplacingRange:with:] in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "___CFConstantStringClassReference", referenced from: cfstring=CFBundleName in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) cfstring= in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) cfstring=About in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) cfstring=Hide in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) cfstring=h in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) cfstring=Hide Others in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) cfstring=Show All in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) cfstring=Quit in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) cfstring=q in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) cfstring=Window in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) cfstring=m in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) cfstring=Minimize in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "_OBJC_CLASS_$_NSAutoreleasePool", referenced from: __objc_classrefs__DATA@0 in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "_CPSEnableForegroundOperation", referenced from: _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "_CPSGetCurrentProcess", referenced from: _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "_CFBundleCopyBundleURL", referenced from: -[SDLMain setupWorkingDirectory:] in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "_NSDeallocateMemoryPages", referenced from: -[NSString(ReplaceSubString) stringByReplacingRange:with:] in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "_OBJC_CLASS_$_NSApplication", referenced from: l_OBJC_$_CATEGORY_NSApplication_$_SDLApplication in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) __objc_classrefs__DATA@0 in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "_CPSSetFrontProcess", referenced from: _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "_OBJC_CLASS_$_NSString", referenced from: l_OBJC_$_CATEGORY_NSString_$_ReplaceSubString in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) __objc_classrefs__DATA@0 in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "_OBJC_CLASS_$_NSObject", referenced from: _OBJC_CLASS_$_SDLMain in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "_CFBundleGetInfoDictionary", referenced from: _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "_CFRelease", referenced from: -[SDLMain setupWorkingDirectory:] in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) -[SDLMain setupWorkingDirectory:] in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "__objc_empty_vtable", referenced from: _OBJC_METACLASS_$_SDLMain in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _OBJC_CLASS_$_SDLMain in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "_OBJC_CLASS_$_NSMenuItem", referenced from: __objc_classrefs__DATA@0 in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "_objc_msgSend", referenced from: -[SDLMain application:openFile:] in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) -[SDLMain applicationDidFinishLaunching:] in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) -[NSString(ReplaceSubString) stringByReplacingRange:with:] in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) -[NSString(ReplaceSubString) stringByReplacingRange:with:] in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) -[NSString(ReplaceSubString) stringByReplacingRange:with:] in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) -[NSString(ReplaceSubString) stringByReplacingRange:with:] in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _main in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "_OBJC_METACLASS_$_NSObject", referenced from: _OBJC_METACLASS_$_SDLMain in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) _OBJC_METACLASS_$_SDLMain in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) "_objc_msgSend_fixup", referenced from: l_objc_msgSend_fixup_objectForKey_ in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) l_objc_msgSend_fixup_length in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) l_objc_msgSend_fixup_alloc in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) l_objc_msgSend_fixup_release in libSDLmain.a(SDLMain.o) ld: symbol(s) not found collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make[2]: *** [dist/Debug/GNU-MacOSX/opengl2] Error 1 make[1]: *** [.build-conf] Error 2 make: *** [.build-impl] Error 2 BUILD FAILED (exit value 2, total time: 263ms) any ideas? thanks a lot!

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