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• Concat wchar_t Unicode strings in C?

  - by Doori Bar

  I'm a beginner, I play with FindFirstFileW() of the winapi - C. The unicoded path is: " \\?\c:\Français\", and I would like to concat "*" to this path of type wchar_t (then I will use it as an arg for FindFirstFileW()). I made two test cases of mine, the first is ansi_string() which seem to work fine, the second is unicode_string() - which I don't quite understand how should I concat the additional "*" char to the unicoded path. I write the strings to a file, because I'm not able to print Unicoded characters to stdout. Note: my goal is to learn, which means I'll appreciate guidance and references to the appropriate resources regards my scenario, I'm very much a beginner and this is my first attempt with Unicode. Thanks, Doori Bar #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <wchar.h> #include <string.h> #include <errno.h> void *error_malloc(int size); void ansi_string(char **str1, char **str2); void unicode_string(wchar_t **wstr1, wchar_t **wstr2); void unicode_string(wchar_t **wstr1, wchar_t **wstr2) { /* assign wstr1 with the path: \\?\c:\Français\ */ *wstr1 = error_malloc((wcslen(L"\\\\?\\c:\\Français\\")+1) *sizeof(**wstr1)); wcscpy(*wstr1,L"\\\\?\\c:\\Français\\"); /* concat wstr1+"*" , assign wstr2 with: \\?\c:\Français\* */ *wstr2 = error_malloc((wcslen(*wstr1) + 1 + 1) * sizeof(**wstr1)); /* swprintf(*wstr2,"%ls*",*wstr1); */ /* how should I concat wstr1+"*"? */ wcscpy(*wstr2,L"\\\\?\\c:\\Français\\"); } void ansi_string(char **str1, char **str2) { /* assign str1 with the path: c:\English\ */ *str1 = error_malloc(strlen("c:\\English\\") + 1); strcpy(*str1,"c:\\English\\"); /* concat str1+"*" , assign str2 with: c:\English\* */ *str2 = error_malloc(strlen(*str1) + 1 + 1); sprintf(*str2,"%s*",*str1); } void *error_malloc(int size) { void *ptr; int errornumber; if ((ptr = malloc(size)) == NULL) { errornumber = errno; fprintf(stderr,"Error: malloc(): %d; Error Message: %s;\n", errornumber,strerror(errornumber)); exit(1); } return ptr; } int main(void) { FILE *outfile; char *str1; char *str2; wchar_t *wstr1; wchar_t *wstr2; if ((outfile = fopen("out.bin","w")) == NULL) { printf("Error: fopen failed."); return 1; } ansi_string(&str1,&str2); fwrite(str2, sizeof(*str2), strlen(str2), outfile); printf("strlen: %d\n",strlen(str2)); printf("sizeof: %d\n",sizeof(*str2)); free(str1); free(str2); unicode_string(&wstr1,&wstr2); fwrite(wstr2, sizeof(*wstr2), wcslen(wstr2), outfile); printf("wcslen: %d\n",wcslen(wstr2)); printf("sizeof: %d\n",sizeof(*wstr2)); free(wstr1); free(wstr2); fclose(outfile); return 0; }

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• C program runs in Cygwin but not Linux (Malloc)

  - by Shawn

  I have a heap allocation error that I cant spot in my code that is picked up on vanguard/gdb on Linux but runs perfectly on a Windows cygwin environment. I understand that Linux could be tighter with its heap allocation than Windows but I would really like to have a response that discovers the issue/possible fix. I'm also aware that I shouldn't typecast malloc in C but it's a force of habit and doesn't change my problem from happening. My program actually compiles without error on both Linux & Windows but when I run it in Linux I get a scary looking result: malloc.c:3074: sYSMALLOc: Assertion `(old_top == (((mbinptr) (((char *) &((av)-bins[((1) - 1) * 2])) - __builtin_offsetof (struct malloc_chunk, fd)))) && old_size == 0) || ((unsigned long) (old_size) = (unsigned long)((((__builtin_offsetof (struct malloc_chunk, fd_nextsize))+((2 * (sizeof(size_t))) - 1)) & ~((2 * (sizeof(size_t))) - 1))) && ((old_top)-size & 0x1) && ((unsigned long)old_end & pagemask) == 0)' failed. Aborted Attached snippet from my code that is being pointed to as the error for review: /* Main */ int main(int argc, char * argv[]) { FILE *pFile; unsigned char *buffer; long int lSize; pFile = fopen ( argv[1] , "r" ); if (pFile==NULL) {fputs ("File error on arg[1]",stderr); return 1;} fseek (pFile , 0 , SEEK_END); lSize = ftell (pFile); rewind (pFile); buffer = (char*) malloc(sizeof(char) * lSize+1); if (buffer == NULL) {fputs ("Memory error",stderr); return 2;} bitpair * ppairs = (bitpair *) malloc(sizeof(bitpair) * (lSize+1)); //line 51 below calcpair(ppairs, (lSize+1)); /* irrelevant stuff */ fclose(pFile); free(buffer); free(ppairs); } typedef struct { long unsigned int a; //not actual variable names... Yes I need them to be long unsigned long unsigned int b; long unsigned int c; long unsigned int d; long unsigned int e; } bitpair; void calcpair(bitpair * ppairs, long int bits); void calcPairs(bitpair * ppairs, long int bits) { long int i, top, bot, var_1, var_2; int count = 0; for(i = 0; i < cs; i++) { top = 0; ppairs[top].e = 1; do { bot = count; count++; } while(ppairs[bot].e != 0); ppairs[bot].e = 1; var_1 = bot; var_2 = top; calcpair * bp = &ppairs[var_2]; bp->a = var_2; bp->b = var_1; bp->c = i; bp = &ppairs[var_1]; bp->a = var_2; bp->b = var_1; bp->c = i; } return; } gdb reports: free(): invalid pointer: 0x0000000000603290 * valgrind reports the following message 5 times before exiting due to "VALGRIND INTERNAL ERROR" signal 11 (SIGSEGV): Invalid read of size 8 ==2727== at 0x401043: calcPairs (in /home/user/Documents/5-3/ubuntu test/main) ==2727== by 0x400C9A: main (main.c:51) ==2727== Address 0x5a607a0 is not stack'd, malloc'd or (recently) free'd

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• design suggestion for a message decoder in delphi

  - by stanleyxu2005

  Hi All, I want to implement a RPC module. Different requests are encoded as JSON objects. They will be decoded and then be handled by a request handler. At last a corresponding response will be returned. The demo code looks as follows: type IRequestHandler = interface function Handle(const Request: TAaaRequest): TResponse; function Handle(const Request: TBbbRequest): TResponse; end; TDecoder = class class function Decode(const Json: TJsonObject; const RequestHandler: IRequestHandler): TResponse; end; class function TDecoder.Decode(const Json: TJsonObject; const RequestHandler: IRequestHandler): TResponse; var Method: string; Request: TObject; begin Method := Json['method'].AsString; if (Method = TAaaRequest.ClassName) then begin Request := TAaaRequest.FromJSON(Json); // Casted as TObject if Request <> nil then begin Result := RequestHandler.Handle(TAaaRequest(Request)); Request.Free; end; end else if (Method = TBbbRequest.ClassName) then begin Request := TBbbRequest.FromJSON(Json); // Casted as TObject if Request <> nil then begin Result := RequestHandler.Handle(TBbbRequest(Request)); Request.Free; end; end else Result := CreateErrorResponse('Unknown method: ' + Json.ToString); end; According to the code, the handling of different request types are very similar. If I have 100 different request types, I have to copy and paste the above code block 100 times. This is not clever. I am looking for a better way to do the same logic. My imagination is as follows: TDecoder = class private FRequestTypes: TDictionary<string, TClassInfo>; // Does this work? public constructor Create; destructor Destroy; override; function Decode(const Json: TJsonObject; const RequestHandler: IRequestHandler): TResponse; end; constructor TDecoder.Create; begin FRequestTypes := TDictionary<string, TClassInfo>.Create; FRequestTypes.Add(TAaaRequest.ClassName, TAaaRequest); // Does this work? FRequestTypes.Add(TBbbRequest.ClassName, TBbbRequest); end; destructor TDecoder.Destroy; begin FRequestTypes.Free; inherited; end; function TDecoder.Decode(const Json: TJsonObject; const RequestHandler: IRequestHandler): TResponse; var Method: string; Info: TClassInfo; Request: TObject; begin Method := Json['method'].AsString; if FRequestTypes.ContainsKey(Method) then begin // An universal way Info := FRequestTypes[Method]; Request := Info.FromJSON(Json); // Casted as TObject if Request <> nil then begin Result := RequestHandler.Handle(Info(Request)); // Casted to corresponding class type (e.g. TAaaRequest or TBbbRequest) Request.Free; end; end else Result := CreateErrorResponse('Unknown method: ' + Json.ToString); end; I do not know, if I can write an universal way to handle a great number of different request types. Development environment Delphi 2010. Any hint is appreciated.

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• Delphi7 - How can i copy a file that is being written to

  - by Simon

  I have an application that logs information to a daily text file every second on a master PC. A Slave PC on the network using the same application would like to copy this text file to its local drive. I can see there is going to be file access issues. These files should be no larger than 30-40MB each. the network will be 100MB ethernet. I can see there is potential for the copying process to take longer than 1 second meaning the logging PC will need to open the file for writing while it is being read. What is the best method for the file writing(logging) and file copying procedures? I know there is the standard Windows CopyFile() procedure, however this has given me file access problems. There is also TFileStream using the fmShareDenyNone flag, but this also very occasionally gives me an access problem too (like 1 per week). What is this the best way of accomplishing this task? My current File Logging: procedure FSWriteline(Filename,Header,s : String); var LogFile : TFileStream; line : String; begin if not FileExists(filename) then begin LogFile := TFileStream.Create(FileName, fmCreate or fmShareDenyNone); try LogFile.Seek(0,soFromEnd); line := Header + #13#10; LogFile.Write(line[1],Length(line)); line := s + #13#10; LogFile.Write(line[1],Length(line)); finally logfile.Free; end; end else begin line := s + #13#10; Logfile:=tfilestream.Create(Filename,fmOpenWrite or fmShareDenyNone); try logfile.Seek(0,soFromEnd); Logfile.Write(line[1], length(line)); finally Logfile.free; end; end; end; My file copy procedure: procedure DoCopy(infile, Outfile : String); begin ForceDirectories(ExtractFilePath(outfile)); //ensure folder exists if FileAge(inFile) = FileAge(OutFile) then Exit; //they are the same modified time try { Open existing destination } fo := TFileStream.Create(Outfile, fmOpenReadWrite or fmShareDenyNone); fo.Position := 0; except { otherwise Create destination } fo := TFileStream.Create(OutFile, fmCreate or fmShareDenyNone); end; try { open source } fi := TFileStream.Create(InFile, fmOpenRead or fmShareDenyNone); try cnt:= 0; fi.Position := cnt; max := fi.Size; {start copying } Repeat dod := BLOCKSIZE; // Block size if cnt+dod>max then dod := max-cnt; if dod>0 then did := fo.CopyFrom(fi, dod); cnt:=cnt+did; Percent := Round(Cnt/Max*100); until (dod=0) finally fi.free; end; finally fo.free; end; end;

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• Java JNI leak in c++ process.

  - by user662056

  Hi all.. I am beginner in Java. My problem is: I am calling a Java class's method from c++. For this i am using JNI. Everythings works correct, but i have some memory LEAKS in the process of c++ program... So.. i did simple example.. 1) I create a java machine (jint res = JNI_CreateJavaVM(&jvm, (void**)&env, &vm_args);) 2) then i take a pointer on java class (jclass cls = env-FindClass("test_jni")); 3) after that i create a java class object object, by calling the constructor (testJavaObject = env-NewObject(cls, testConstruct);) AT THIS very moment in the process of c++ program is allocated 10 MB of memory 4) Next i delete the class , the object, and the Java Machine .. AT THIS very moment the 10 MB of memory are not free ................. So below i have a few lines of code c++ program void main() { { //Env JNIEnv *env; // java virtual machine JavaVM *jvm; JavaVMOption* options = new JavaVMOption[1]; //class paths options[0].optionString = "-Djava.class.path=C:/Sun/SDK/jdk/lib;D:/jms_test/java_jni_leak;"; // other options JavaVMInitArgs vm_args; vm_args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_6; vm_args.options = options; vm_args.nOptions = 1; vm_args.ignoreUnrecognized = false; // alloc part of memory (for test) before CreateJavaVM char* testMem0 = new char[1000]; for(int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) testMem0[i] = 'a'; // create java VM jint res = JNI_CreateJavaVM(&jvm, (void**)&env, &vm_args); // alloc part of memory (for test) after CreateJavaVM char* testMem1 = new char[1000]; for(int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) testMem1[i] = 'b'; //Creating java virtual machine jclass cls = env->FindClass("test_jni"); // Id of a class constructor jmethodID testConstruct = env->GetMethodID(cls, "<init>", "()V"); // The Java Object // Calling the constructor, is allocated 10 MB of memory in c++ process jobject testJavaObject = env->NewObject(cls, testConstruct); // function DeleteLocalRef, // In this very moment memory not free env->DeleteLocalRef(testJavaObject); env->DeleteLocalRef(cls); // 1!!!!!!!!!!!!! res = jvm->DestroyJavaVM(); delete[] testMem0; delete[] testMem1; // In this very moment memory not free. TO /// } int gg = 0; } java class (it just allocs some memory) import java.util.*; public class test_jni { ArrayList<String> testStringList; test_jni() { System.out.println("start constructor"); testStringList = new ArrayList<String>(); for(int i = 0; i < 1000000; ++i) { // ??????? ?????? testStringList.add("TEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEST"); } } } process memory view, after crating javaVM and java object: testMem0 and testMem1 - test memory, that's allocated by c++. ************** testMem0 ************** JNI_CreateJavaVM ************** testMem1 ************** // create java object jobject testJavaObject = env->NewObject(cls, testConstruct); ************** process memory view, after destroy javaVM and delete ref on java object: testMem0 and testMem1 are deleted to; ************** JNI_CreateJavaVM ************** // create java object jobject testJavaObject = env->NewObject(cls, testConstruct); ************** So testMem0 and testMem1 is deleted, But JavaVM and Java object not.... Sow what i do wrong... and how i can free memory in the c++ process program.

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• Weird behavior of fork() and execvp() in C

  - by ron

  After some remarks from my previous post , I made the following modifications : int main() { char errorStr[BUFF3]; while (1) { int i , errorFile; char *line = malloc(BUFFER); char *origLine = line; fgets(line, 128, stdin); // get a line from stdin // get complete diagnostics on the given string lineData info = runDiagnostics(line); char command[20]; sscanf(line, "%20s ", command); line = strchr(line, ' '); // here I remove the command from the line , the command is stored in "commmand" above printf("The Command is: %s\n", command); int currentCount = 0; // number of elements in the line int *argumentsCount = &currentCount; // pointer to that // get the elements separated char** arguments = separateLineGetElements(line,argumentsCount); printf("\nOutput after separating the given line from the user\n"); for (i = 0; i < *argumentsCount; i++) { printf("Argument %i is: %s\n", i, arguments[i]); } // here we call a method that would execute the commands pid_t pid ; if (-1 == (pid = fork())) { sprintf(errorStr,"fork: %s\n",strerror(errno)); write(errorFile,errorStr,strlen(errorStr + 1)); perror("fork"); exit(1); } else if (pid == 0) // fork was successful { printf("\nIn son process\n"); // if (execvp(arguments[0],arguments) < 0) // for the moment I ignore this line if (execvp(command,arguments) < 0) // execute the command { perror("execvp"); printf("ERROR: execvp failed\n"); exit(1); } } else // parent { int status = 0; pid = wait(&status); printf("Process %d returned with status %d.", pid, status); } // print each element of the line for (i = 0; i < *argumentsCount; i++) { printf("Argument %i is: %s\n", i, arguments[i]); } // free all the elements from the memory for (i = 0; i < *argumentsCount; i++) { free(arguments[i]); } free(arguments); free(origLine); } return 0; } When I enter in the Console : ls out.txt I get : The Command is: ls execvp: No such file or directory In son process ERROR: execvp failed Process 4047 returned with status 256.Argument 0 is: > Argument 1 is: out.txt So I guess that the son process is active , but from some reason the execvp fails . Why ? Regards REMARK : The ls command is just an example . I need to make this works with any given command . EDIT 1 : User input : ls > qq.out Program output : The Command is: ls Output after separating the given line from the user Argument 0 is: > Argument 1 is: qq.out In son process >: cannot access qq.out: No such file or directory Process 4885 returned with status 512.Argument 0 is: > Argument 1 is: qq.out

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• NTUSER.DAT and UsrClass.dat files building up by the thousands, why and can I delete?

  - by Anthony

  I've noticed that my web server, 2008 Xen VM, gradually loosing free space - more than I would of though from normal use and decided to investigate. There are two problem areas: *C:\Users\Administrator\ (6,755.0 MB)* with files: NTUSER.DAT{randomness}.TMContainer'0000 randomness'.regtrans-ms NTUSER.DAT{randomness}.TM.blf AND C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\ (6,743.8 MB) with files UsrClass.dat{randomness}.TMContainer'0000 randomness'.regtrans-ms UsrClass.dat{randomness}.TM.blf From what I understand these are in-time backups of registry changes. If that is the case I cannot possibly understand why there would be 10000+ changes. (That's how many files there are per folder location, over 20,000 per folder in total.) The files are using almost 15GB of space and I want rid of them, I'm just wondering can I remove them. However, I need to understand why they are being created so I can avoid this in the future. Any ideas why there would be so many? Is there a way I can check to see what is making the modifications? Are they created with login attempts? Are they created in relation to every day Web Server use? etc. and so on

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• What does this SAP error mean? recv104 NiIReadrecv nixxi.cp5087

  - by Techboy

  I have an SAP BI Portal system and an SAP BW system. In the Visual Administrator of the BI Portal, section 'JCo RFC Provider' I have created some RFC listeners. In the SAP BW system (in transaction SM59), I have created, tested and activated the relevant RFC connections. When I start a JCo RFC Provider in the BI Portal the BW system that it communicates with produces these errors (displayed from SAP transaction SM21): Operating system call recv failed (error no. 104 ) Module nam Line Error text Caller.... Reason/cal nixxi.cp 5087 recv104 NiIRead recv Documentation for system log message Q0 I : The specified operating system call was returned with an error. For communication calls (receive, send, etc) often the cause of errors are network problems. It could also be a configuration problem at operating system level. (file cannot be opened, no space in the file system etc.). Additional specifications for error number 104 Name for errno number E_UNKNOWN_NO The meaning of the value stored in 'errno' is platform-dependent. The value which occurred here is unknown to the SysLog system. Either there is an incorrect error number in the SysLog message, or the tables TSLE2 or TSLE3 are not completely maintained. Technical details File Offset RecFm System log type Grp N variable message data 6 410220 m Error (Function,Module,Row) Q0 I recv104 NiIReadrecv nixxi.cp5087 There is plenty of space left in the file system, the servers can ping each other and there is no firewall between the servers. The tables (TSLE2 or TSLE3) mentioned in the error message do not provide any additional information. Please can you tell me if this error message refers to something specific, or if it is generic: recv104 NiIReadrecv nixxi.cp5087

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• How to tune down the Hyperic built-in postgresql database for a small setup

  - by Svish

  We are testing out Hyperic 4.5.1 in a quite small environment for now. Currently there are just 1-5 agents and there probably won't be any more than 10-15. When I run ps ax there are 20(!) postgres processes running. For a small setup like this, that can't be necessary, can it? I'm a software developer and don't have much experience with setting up servers and such though, so don't really know. Either way, what settings are appropriate for a small Hyperic setup like this? Current, default and untouched configuration file, hqdb/data/postgresql.conf: # ----------------------------- # PostgreSQL configuration file # ----------------------------- # # This file consists of lines of the form: # # name = value # # (The '=' is optional.) White space may be used. Comments are introduced # with '#' anywhere on a line. The complete list of option names and # allowed values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation. The # commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values. # # Please note that re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it # to the default value, unless you restart the server. # # Any option can also be given as a command line switch to the server, # e.g., 'postgres -c log_connections=on'. Some options can be changed at # run-time with the 'SET' SQL command. # # This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a # SIGHUP. If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the # server for the changes to take effect, or use "pg_ctl reload". Some # settings, which are marked below, require a server shutdown and restart # to take effect. # # Memory units: kB = kilobytes MB = megabytes GB = gigabytes # Time units: ms = milliseconds s = seconds min = minutes h = hours d = days #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # FILE LOCATIONS #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command line # switch or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir. #data_directory = 'ConfigDir' # use data in another directory # (change requires restart) #hba_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_hba.conf' # host-based authentication file # (change requires restart) #ident_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_ident.conf' # ident configuration file # (change requires restart) # If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written. #external_pid_file = '(none)' # write an extra PID file # (change requires restart) #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Connection Settings - #listen_addresses = 'localhost' # what IP address(es) to listen on; # comma-separated list of addresses; # defaults to 'localhost', '*' = all # (change requires restart) port = 9432 # (change requires restart) max_connections = 100 # (change requires restart) # Note: increasing max_connections costs ~400 bytes of shared memory per # connection slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction). You # might also need to raise shared_buffers to support more connections. #superuser_reserved_connections = 3 # (change requires restart) #unix_socket_directory = '' # (change requires restart) #unix_socket_group = '' # (change requires restart) #unix_socket_permissions = 0777 # octal # (change requires restart) #bonjour_name = '' # defaults to the computer name # (change requires restart) # - Security & Authentication - #authentication_timeout = 1min # 1s-600s #ssl = off # (change requires restart) #password_encryption = on #db_user_namespace = off # Kerberos #krb_server_keyfile = '' # (change requires restart) #krb_srvname = 'postgres' # (change requires restart) #krb_server_hostname = '' # empty string matches any keytab entry # (change requires restart) #krb_caseins_users = off # (change requires restart) # - TCP Keepalives - # see 'man 7 tcp' for details #tcp_keepalives_idle = 0 # TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds; # 0 selects the system default #tcp_keepalives_interval = 0 # TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds; # 0 selects the system default #tcp_keepalives_count = 0 # TCP_KEEPCNT; # 0 selects the system default #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL) #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Memory - shared_buffers = 64MB # min 128kB or max_connections*16kB # (change requires restart) #temp_buffers = 8MB # min 800kB #max_prepared_transactions = 5 # can be 0 or more # (change requires restart) # Note: increasing max_prepared_transactions costs ~600 bytes of shared memory # per transaction slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction). work_mem = 2MB # min 64kB maintenance_work_mem = 32MB # min 1MB #max_stack_depth = 2MB # min 100kB # - Free Space Map - max_fsm_pages = 204800 # min max_fsm_relations*16, 6 bytes each # (change requires restart) #max_fsm_relations = 1000 # min 100, ~70 bytes each # (change requires restart) # - Kernel Resource Usage - #max_files_per_process = 1000 # min 25 # (change requires restart) #shared_preload_libraries = '' # (change requires restart) # - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay - #vacuum_cost_delay = 0 # 0-1000 milliseconds #vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1 # 0-10000 credits #vacuum_cost_page_miss = 10 # 0-10000 credits #vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20 # 0-10000 credits #vacuum_cost_limit = 200 # 0-10000 credits # - Background writer - #bgwriter_delay = 200ms # 10-10000ms between rounds #bgwriter_lru_percent = 1.0 # 0-100% of LRU buffers scanned/round #bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 5 # 0-1000 buffers max written/round #bgwriter_all_percent = 0.333 # 0-100% of all buffers scanned/round #bgwriter_all_maxpages = 5 # 0-1000 buffers max written/round #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # WRITE AHEAD LOG #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Settings - fsync = on # turns forced synchronization on or off #wal_sync_method = fsync # the default is the first option # supported by the operating system: # open_datasync # fdatasync # fsync # fsync_writethrough # open_sync #full_page_writes = on # recover from partial page writes #wal_buffers = 64kB # min 32kB # (change requires restart) commit_delay = 100000 # range 0-100000, in microseconds #commit_siblings = 5 # range 1-1000 # - Checkpoints - checkpoint_segments = 10 # in logfile segments, min 1, 16MB each #checkpoint_timeout = 5min # range 30s-1h #checkpoint_warning = 30s # 0 is off # - Archiving - #archive_command = '' # command to use to archive a logfile segment #archive_timeout = 0 # force a logfile segment switch after this # many seconds; 0 is off #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # QUERY TUNING #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Planner Method Configuration - #enable_bitmapscan = on #enable_hashagg = on #enable_hashjoin = on #enable_indexscan = on #enable_mergejoin = on #enable_nestloop = on #enable_seqscan = on #enable_sort = on #enable_tidscan = on # - Planner Cost Constants - #seq_page_cost = 1.0 # measured on an arbitrary scale #random_page_cost = 4.0 # same scale as above #cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01 # same scale as above #cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005 # same scale as above #cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025 # same scale as above #effective_cache_size = 128MB # - Genetic Query Optimizer - #geqo = on #geqo_threshold = 12 #geqo_effort = 5 # range 1-10 #geqo_pool_size = 0 # selects default based on effort #geqo_generations = 0 # selects default based on effort #geqo_selection_bias = 2.0 # range 1.5-2.0 # - Other Planner Options - #default_statistics_target = 10 # range 1-1000 #constraint_exclusion = off #from_collapse_limit = 8 #join_collapse_limit = 8 # 1 disables collapsing of explicit # JOINs #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # ERROR REPORTING AND LOGGING #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Where to Log - log_destination = 'stderr' # Valid values are combinations of # stderr, syslog and eventlog, # depending on platform. # This is used when logging to stderr: redirect_stderr = on # Enable capturing of stderr into log # files # (change requires restart) # These are only used if redirect_stderr is on: log_directory = '../../logs' # Directory where log files are written # Can be absolute or relative to PGDATA log_filename = 'hqdb-%Y-%m-%d.log' # Log file name pattern. # Can include strftime() escapes #log_truncate_on_rotation = off # If on, any existing log file of the same # name as the new log file will be # truncated rather than appended to. But # such truncation only occurs on # time-driven rotation, not on restarts # or size-driven rotation. Default is # off, meaning append to existing files # in all cases. log_rotation_age = 1d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will # happen after that time. 0 to # disable. #log_rotation_size = 10MB # Automatic rotation of logfiles will # happen after that much log # output. 0 to disable. # These are relevant when logging to syslog: #syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0' #syslog_ident = 'postgres' # - When to Log - #client_min_messages = notice # Values, in order of decreasing detail: # debug5 # debug4 # debug3 # debug2 # debug1 # log # notice # warning # error #log_min_messages = notice # Values, in order of decreasing detail: # debug5 # debug4 # debug3 # debug2 # debug1 # info # notice # warning # error # log # fatal # panic #log_error_verbosity = default # terse, default, or verbose messages #log_min_error_statement = error # Values in order of increasing severity: # debug5 # debug4 # debug3 # debug2 # debug1 # info # notice # warning # error # fatal # panic (effectively off) log_min_duration_statement = 10000 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements # and their durations. #silent_mode = off # DO NOT USE without syslog or # redirect_stderr # (change requires restart) # - What to Log - #debug_print_parse = off #debug_print_rewritten = off #debug_print_plan = off #debug_pretty_print = off #log_connections = off #log_disconnections = off #log_duration = off #log_line_prefix = '' # Special values: # %u = user name # %d = database name # %r = remote host and port # %h = remote host # %p = PID # %t = timestamp (no milliseconds) # %m = timestamp with milliseconds # %i = command tag # %c = session id # %l = session line number # %s = session start timestamp # %x = transaction id # %q = stop here in non-session # processes # %% = '%' # e.g. '<%u%%%d> ' #log_statement = 'none' # none, ddl, mod, all #log_hostname = off #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # RUNTIME STATISTICS #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Query/Index Statistics Collector - #stats_command_string = on #update_process_title = on stats_start_collector = on # needed for block or row stats # (change requires restart) stats_block_level = on stats_row_level = on stats_reset_on_server_start = off # (change requires restart) # - Statistics Monitoring - #log_parser_stats = off #log_planner_stats = off #log_executor_stats = off #log_statement_stats = off #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # AUTOVACUUM PARAMETERS #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- #autovacuum = off # enable autovacuum subprocess? # 'on' requires stats_start_collector # and stats_row_level to also be on #autovacuum_naptime = 1min # time between autovacuum runs #autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 500 # min # of tuple updates before # vacuum #autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 250 # min # of tuple updates before # analyze #autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2 # fraction of rel size before # vacuum #autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1 # fraction of rel size before # analyze #autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 200000000 # maximum XID age before forced vacuum # (change requires restart) #autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = -1 # default vacuum cost delay for # autovacuum, -1 means use # vacuum_cost_delay #autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1 # default vacuum cost limit for # autovacuum, -1 means use # vacuum_cost_limit #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Statement Behavior - #search_path = '"$user",public' # schema names #default_tablespace = '' # a tablespace name, '' uses # the default #check_function_bodies = on #default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed' #default_transaction_read_only = off #statement_timeout = 0 # 0 is disabled #vacuum_freeze_min_age = 100000000 # - Locale and Formatting - datestyle = 'iso, mdy' #timezone = unknown # actually, defaults to TZ # environment setting #timezone_abbreviations = 'Default' # select the set of available timezone # abbreviations. Currently, there are # Default # Australia # India # However you can also create your own # file in share/timezonesets/. #extra_float_digits = 0 # min -15, max 2 #client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database # encoding # These settings are initialized by initdb -- they might be changed lc_messages = 'C' # locale for system error message # strings lc_monetary = 'C' # locale for monetary formatting lc_numeric = 'C' # locale for number formatting lc_time = 'C' # locale for time formatting # - Other Defaults - #explain_pretty_print = on #dynamic_library_path = '$libdir' #local_preload_libraries = '' #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # LOCK MANAGEMENT #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- #deadlock_timeout = 1s #max_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10 # (change requires restart) # Note: each lock table slot uses ~270 bytes of shared memory, and there are # max_locks_per_transaction * (max_connections + max_prepared_transactions) # lock table slots. #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # VERSION/PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Previous Postgres Versions - #add_missing_from = off #array_nulls = on #backslash_quote = safe_encoding # on, off, or safe_encoding #default_with_oids = off #escape_string_warning = on #standard_conforming_strings = off #regex_flavor = advanced # advanced, extended, or basic #sql_inheritance = on # - Other Platforms & Clients - #transform_null_equals = off #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- #custom_variable_classes = '' # list of custom variable class names SELECT * FROM pg_stat_activity; datid | datname | procpid | usesysid | usename | current_query | waiting | query_start | backend_start | client_addr | client_port -------+---------+---------+----------+---------+---------------------------------+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------+------------- 16384 | hqdb | 3267 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.036781+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.02413+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47892 16384 | hqdb | 3268 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.050994+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.047393+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47893 16384 | hqdb | 3269 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.056661+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.053201+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47894 16384 | hqdb | 3271 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.062351+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.058822+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47895 16384 | hqdb | 3272 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.068328+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.064517+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47896 16384 | hqdb | 3273 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.07444+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.070755+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47897 16384 | hqdb | 3274 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.080941+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.076983+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47898 16384 | hqdb | 3275 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.08741+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.083697+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47899 16384 | hqdb | 3276 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.093597+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.089977+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47900 16384 | hqdb | 3277 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> in transaction | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.133974+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.096149+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47901 16384 | hqdb | 3308 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-09 10:49:27.402197+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:29.826321+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47902 16384 | hqdb | 3309 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.572395+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:29.865243+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47903 16384 | hqdb | 3310 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.586273+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:29.874346+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47904 16384 | hqdb | 3311 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-09 10:10:03.024088+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:29.883598+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47905 16384 | hqdb | 3312 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> in transaction | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:35.804457+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:29.892925+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47906 16384 | hqdb | 3418 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.580207+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.56911+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47910 16384 | hqdb | 3419 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.59781+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.588609+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47911 16384 | hqdb | 3422 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-09 10:10:02.668836+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.603076+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47914 16384 | hqdb | 3421 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.770427+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.603086+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47913 16384 | hqdb | 3420 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.680785+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.637058+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47912 16384 | hqdb | 18233 | 10 | hqadmin | SELECT * FROM pg_stat_activity; | f | 2011-02-09 10:49:29.688949+01 | 2011-02-09 10:48:13.031475+01 | | -1 (21 rows)

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• BSOD Before Windows Will Loads - Graphics Related

  - by Brian

  Alright deep breath here: (Windows 7 Home Premium 64 bit btw) Today I installed Star Craft 2 Beta. After trying to log in, it had some issues where it said my device stopped working (referring to my video device I have to imagine). After I force quit the game there were some random "hot" (various colors if i remember correctly) pixels on the screen. I decided to reboot and try again with similar results. I figured that maybe my display drivers could stand to be updated (I don't frequently update them as I don't often run into problems). I went out to nVidia's website and grabbed the latest drivers for Windows 7 64 bit GeForce 9 series. (I have SLi-ed 9800 GTs). Everything seemed to install fine and I performed the restart. This is when things went from bad (can't play SC2 beta ;) ) to worse (can't boot into windows!). Initially the very first splash screen - I think it's the bios splash screen - had lines of colored pixels covering it. It then displayed a screen that had lots of "(" on it. After that it showed the normal windows 7 splash screen as if it were going to load into Windows. Before getting much further, it BSODed on me. It was a 0x0000003B stop error. At nvlddmkm.sys. A little digging let verified that this was a problem with an nVidia graphics device, not a real shocker. Windows decided it would try to help me diagnose the problem, which it's only answer to was a System Restore, which did nothing to alleviate the problem. I was able to boot up fine in safe mode and was not able to roll back the driver, however I did uninstall the driver and reboot. I still had the graphical anomalies during the first two screens (same colored "."'s and weird "("'s), but there was NOT a stop error. Windows loaded up, found a default driver for the device and installed it and I restarted to let it load - and had yet another BSOD Stop error. Repeat driver uninstall, this time I reloaded the same version (I think it's possible that I was running a 32 bit version or a vista versus windows 7 version, but I don't have that information handy) of the nVidia driver from their website. Restart, same anomalies, same Stop Error. I am at a loss - At this point all I can think is that the firmware for the Video cards got fried or there's actual damage to the cards which I sincerely hope is not the case but the sooner I know the better. Any insight into what I might be able to do to troubleshoot/fix this problem would be most helpful. Attached below is a dump from DxDiag. Please let me know if there is more info that I could provide. ------------------ System Information ------------------ Time of this report: 3/18/2010, 23:22:48 Machine name: BRIAN-PC Operating System: Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit (6.1, Build 7600) (7600.win7_rtm.090713-1255) Language: English (Regional Setting: English) System Manufacturer: Dell Inc System Model: XPS 630i BIOS: Phoenix - AwardBIOS v6.00PG Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q8200 @ 2.33GHz (4 CPUs), ~2.3GHz Memory: 8192MB RAM Available OS Memory: 8190MB RAM Page File: 1855MB used, 14521MB available Windows Dir: C:\Windows DirectX Version: DirectX 11 DX Setup Parameters: Not found User DPI Setting: Using System DPI System DPI Setting: 96 DPI (100 percent) DWM DPI Scaling: Disabled DxDiag Version: 6.01.7600.16385 32bit Unicode DxDiag Previously: Crashed in DirectShow (stage 1). Re-running DxDiag with "dontskip" command line parameter or choosing not to bypass information gathering when prompted might result in DxDiag successfully obtaining this information ------------ DxDiag Notes ------------ Display Tab 1: No problems found. Sound Tab 1: No problems found. Sound Tab 2: No problems found. Sound Tab 3: No problems found. Input Tab: No problems found. -------------------- DirectX Debug Levels -------------------- Direct3D: 0/4 (retail) DirectDraw: 0/4 (retail) DirectInput: 0/5 (retail) DirectMusic: 0/5 (retail) DirectPlay: 0/9 (retail) DirectSound: 0/5 (retail) DirectShow: 0/6 (retail) --------------- Display Devices --------------- Card name: Manufacturer: Chip type: DAC type: Device Key: Enum\ Display Memory: n/a Dedicated Memory: n/a Shared Memory: n/a Current Mode: 1600 x 1200 (32 bit) (1Hz) Driver Name: Driver File Version: () Driver Version: DDI Version: unknown Driver Model: unknown Driver Attributes: Final Retail Driver Date/Size: , 0 bytes WHQL Logo'd: n/a WHQL Date Stamp: n/a Device Identifier: {D7B70EE0-4340-11CF-B123-B03DAEC2CB35} Vendor ID: 0x0000 Device ID: 0x0000 SubSys ID: 0x00000000 Revision ID: 0x0000 Driver Strong Name: Unknown Rank Of Driver: Unknown Video Accel: Deinterlace Caps: n/a D3D9 Overlay: n/a DXVA-HD: n/a DDraw Status: Not Available D3D Status: Not Available AGP Status: Not Available ------------- Sound Devices ------------- Description: Speakers (Realtek High Definition Audio) Default Sound Playback: Yes Default Voice Playback: Yes Hardware ID: HDAUDIO\FUNC_01&VEN_10EC&DEV_0888&SUBSYS_10280249&REV_1001 Manufacturer ID: 1 Product ID: 100 Type: WDM Driver Name: RTKVHD64.sys Driver Version: 6.00.0001.5667 (English) Driver Attributes: Final Retail WHQL Logo'd: n/a Date and Size: 8/18/2008 04:05:28, 1485592 bytes Other Files: Driver Provider: Realtek Semiconductor Corp. HW Accel Level: Basic Cap Flags: 0x0 Min/Max Sample Rate: 0, 0 Static/Strm HW Mix Bufs: 0, 0 Static/Strm HW 3D Bufs: 0, 0 HW Memory: 0 Voice Management: No EAX(tm) 2.0 Listen/Src: No, No I3DL2(tm) Listen/Src: No, No Sensaura(tm) ZoomFX(tm): No Description: Realtek Digital Output (Realtek High Definition Audio) Default Sound Playback: No Default Voice Playback: No Hardware ID: HDAUDIO\FUNC_01&VEN_10EC&DEV_0888&SUBSYS_10280249&REV_1001 Manufacturer ID: 1 Product ID: 100 Type: WDM Driver Name: RTKVHD64.sys Driver Version: 6.00.0001.5667 (English) Driver Attributes: Final Retail WHQL Logo'd: n/a Date and Size: 8/18/2008 04:05:28, 1485592 bytes Other Files: Driver Provider: Realtek Semiconductor Corp. HW Accel Level: Basic Cap Flags: 0x0 Min/Max Sample Rate: 0, 0 Static/Strm HW Mix Bufs: 0, 0 Static/Strm HW 3D Bufs: 0, 0 HW Memory: 0 Voice Management: No EAX(tm) 2.0 Listen/Src: No, No I3DL2(tm) Listen/Src: No, No Sensaura(tm) ZoomFX(tm): No Description: Realtek HDMI Output (Realtek High Definition Audio) Default Sound Playback: No Default Voice Playback: No Hardware ID: HDAUDIO\FUNC_01&VEN_10EC&DEV_0888&SUBSYS_10280249&REV_1001 Manufacturer ID: 1 Product ID: 100 Type: WDM Driver Name: RTKVHD64.sys Driver Version: 6.00.0001.5667 (English) Driver Attributes: Final Retail WHQL Logo'd: n/a Date and Size: 8/18/2008 04:05:28, 1485592 bytes Other Files: Driver Provider: Realtek Semiconductor Corp. HW Accel Level: Basic Cap Flags: 0x0 Min/Max Sample Rate: 0, 0 Static/Strm HW Mix Bufs: 0, 0 Static/Strm HW 3D Bufs: 0, 0 HW Memory: 0 Voice Management: No EAX(tm) 2.0 Listen/Src: No, No I3DL2(tm) Listen/Src: No, No Sensaura(tm) ZoomFX(tm): No --------------------- Sound Capture Devices --------------------- Description: Microphone (Realtek High Definition Audio) Default Sound Capture: Yes Default Voice Capture: Yes Driver Name: RTKVHD64.sys Driver Version: 6.00.0001.5667 (English) Driver Attributes: Final Retail Date and Size: 8/18/2008 04:05:28, 1485592 bytes Cap Flags: 0x0 Format Flags: 0x0 Description: Realtek Digital Input (Realtek High Definition Audio) Default Sound Capture: No Default Voice Capture: No Driver Name: RTKVHD64.sys Driver Version: 6.00.0001.5667 (English) Driver Attributes: Final Retail Date and Size: 8/18/2008 04:05:28, 1485592 bytes Cap Flags: 0x0 Format Flags: 0x0 ------------------- DirectInput Devices ------------------- Device Name: Mouse Attached: 1 Controller ID: n/a Vendor/Product ID: n/a FF Driver: n/a Device Name: Keyboard Attached: 1 Controller ID: n/a Vendor/Product ID: n/a FF Driver: n/a Device Name: ESA FW Update Attached: 1 Controller ID: 0x0 Vendor/Product ID: 0x0955, 0x000A FF Driver: n/a Poll w/ Interrupt: No ----------- USB Devices ----------- + USB Root Hub | Vendor/Product ID: 0x10DE, 0x026D | Matching Device ID: usb\root_hub | Service: usbhub | +-+ USB Input Device | | Vendor/Product ID: 0x0955, 0x000A | | Location: Port_#0002.Hub_#0001 | | Matching Device ID: generic_hid_device | | Service: HidUsb | | | +-+ HID-compliant device | | | Vendor/Product ID: 0x0955, 0x000A | | | Matching Device ID: hid_device | | +-+ USB Input Device | | Vendor/Product ID: 0x046D, 0xC01E | | Location: Port_#0003.Hub_#0001 | | Matching Device ID: generic_hid_device | | Service: HidUsb | | | +-+ HID-compliant mouse | | | Vendor/Product ID: 0x046D, 0xC01E | | | Matching Device ID: hid_device_system_mouse | | | Service: mouhid ---------------- Gameport Devices ---------------- ------------ PS/2 Devices ------------ + Standard PS/2 Keyboard | Matching Device ID: *pnp0303 | Service: i8042prt | + Terminal Server Keyboard Driver | Matching Device ID: root\rdp_kbd | Upper Filters: kbdclass | Service: TermDD | + Terminal Server Mouse Driver | Matching Device ID: root\rdp_mou | Upper Filters: mouclass | Service: TermDD ------------------------ Disk & DVD/CD-ROM Drives ------------------------ Drive: C: Free Space: 324.3 GB Total Space: 608.4 GB File System: NTFS Model: WDC WD64 00AAKS-75A7B SCSI Disk Device Drive: D: Free Space: 1.0 GB Total Space: 2.0 GB File System: NTFS Model: WDC WD64 00AAKS-75A7B SCSI Disk Device Drive: E: Model: TSSTcorp DVD+-RW TS-H653F SCSI CdRom Device Driver: c:\windows\system32\drivers\cdrom.sys, 6.01.7600.16385 (English), , 0 bytes -------------- System Devices -------------- Name: PCI standard PCI-to-PCI bridge Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B7&SUBSYS_000010DE&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&18 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03AF&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&0A Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard host CPU bridge Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03A3&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A2\3&2411E6FE&1&00 Driver: n/a Name: NVIDIA nForce Serial ATA Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0267&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&78 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B6&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&10 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03AE&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&09 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0272&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A3\3&2411E6FE&1&52 Driver: n/a Name: NVIDIA nForce Serial ATA Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0266&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&70 Driver: n/a Name: LSI 1394 OHCI Compliant Host Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_11C1&DEV_5811&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_70\4&14591D7E&0&2880 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B5&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&06 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03AD&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&08 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0270&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A2\3&2411E6FE&1&48 Driver: n/a Name: Standard Dual Channel PCI IDE Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0265&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&68 Driver: n/a Name: NVIDIA GeForce 9800 GT Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0605&SUBSYS_062D10DE&REV_A2\4&4BABE2A&0&0028 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B4&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&07 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03AC&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&01 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard PCI-to-PCI bridge Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_026F&SUBSYS_CB8410DE&REV_A2\3&2411E6FE&1&80 Driver: n/a Name: NVIDIA nForce PCI System Management Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0264&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A3\3&2411E6FE&1&51 Driver: n/a Name: NVIDIA GeForce 9800 GT Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0605&SUBSYS_062D10DE&REV_A2\4&10BD3C89&0&0018 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B3&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&0E Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03AB&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&04 Driver: n/a Name: Standard Enhanced PCI to USB Host Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_026E&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A3\3&2411E6FE&1&59 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard ISA bridge Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0260&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A3\3&2411E6FE&1&50 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03BC&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&11 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B2&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&0D Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03AA&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&02 Driver: n/a Name: Standard OpenHCD USB Host Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_026D&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A3\3&2411E6FE&1&58 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03BA&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&12 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B1&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&0C Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03A9&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&03 Driver: n/a Name: High Definition Audio Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_026C&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A2\3&2411E6FE&1&81 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard PCI-to-PCI bridge Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B8&SUBSYS_000010DE&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&28 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B0&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&0B Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03A8&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A2\3&2411E6FE&1&05 Driver: n/a Name: NVIDIA nForce Networking Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0269&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A3\3&2411E6FE&1&A0 Driver: n/a --------------- EVR Power Information --------------- Current Setting: {5C67A112-A4C9-483F-B4A7-1D473BECAFDC} (Quality) Quality Flags: 2576 Enabled: Force throttling Allow half deinterlace Allow scaling Decode Power Usage: 100 Balanced Flags: 1424 Enabled: Force throttling Allow batching Force half deinterlace Force scaling Decode Power Usage: 50 PowerFlags: 1424 Enabled: Force throttling Allow batching Force half deinterlace Force scaling Decode Power Usage: 0

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• Windows 7: Don't combine Taskbar Icons, but only display Icons

  - by cable729

  I've never really liked this feature about Win7, but I guess I just got used to it. The feature I don't like is mousing over the win7 icons when there are multiple windows of the same type open. You have to waste that extra time choosing the window after it pops up and it's just clunky. The XP taskbar was nice, because you didn't have to go through any of this, but it had the problem where you ran out of taskbar space fast. I often resized my taskbar to take care of this. However, on Windows 7, I don't use up even 1/3 of my taskbar. I have all this space I can use, and instead it's all squished to the left, making me take extra steps. Are there any applications I can use to get this desired behavior, or else what route would you recommend to take to write this behavior myself? My first thought would be C# and the Windows taskbar apis. PS. If it's not clear what I'm asking for, please let me know, I'll try to be more specific.

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• fsck on LVM snapshots

  - by Alpha01

  I'm trying to do some file system checks using LVM snapshots of our Logical Volumes to see if any of them have dirty file systems. The problem that I have is that our LVM only has one Volume Group with no available space. I was able to do fsck's on some of the logical volumes using a loopback file system. However my question is, is it possible to create a 200GB loopback file system, and saved it on the same partition/logical volume that I'll be taking a snapshot of? Is LVM smart enough to not take a snapshot copy of the actual snapshot? [root@server z]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name Web2-Vol System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 29 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 6 Open LV 6 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 544.73 GB PE Size 4.00 MB Total PE 139450 Alloc PE / Size 139450 / 544.73 GB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 VG UUID BrVwNz-h1IO-ZETA-MeIf-1yq7-fHpn-fwMTcV [root@server z]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.7G 3.6G 5.6G 40% / /dev/sda1 251M 29M 210M 12% /boot /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-var 12G 1.1G 11G 10% /var /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-var--spool 12G 184M 12G 2% /var/spool /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-var--lib--mysql 30G 15G 14G 52% /var/lib/mysql /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-usr 13G 3.3G 8.9G 27% /usr /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-z 468G 197G 267G 43% /z /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-tmp 3.0G 76M 2.8G 3% /tmp tmpfs 7.9G 92K 7.9G 1% /dev/shm The logical volume in question is /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-z. I'm afraid if I created the loopback file system in /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-z and take a snapshot of it, the disk size will be trippled in size, thus running out of disk space available.

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• Subversion and Quickbooks Files

  - by Jorge Fernandez

  I currently have a large problem on one of the file servers I manage for an Accounting Firm. Quickbooks has a tendency to create multiple files of the same thing over and over to prevent data loss. This is a good thing when you handle just a few files. But at an accounting firm it becomes a problem. Some of the older clients have 5-10 files in their respective folders, each with a different cut off date. Because of user error some of these file aren't labeled properly with their correct cutoff dates. This is where Subversion came to mind. Using the revision system would allow for 1 file to be master and have all of its revisions. Has anyone ever tried this with Quickbooks files? I've only used SVN with code for applications making each file size much smaller. How does SVN stand up with larger files like 10-25MB? I'm not exactly sure how SVN handles revisions - does it keep a duplicate of the files and duplicates the disk space space needed?

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• Preseeding Ubuntu partman recipe using LVM and RAID

  - by Swav

  I'm trying to preseed Ubuntu 12.04 server installation and created a recipe that would create RAID 1 on 2 drives and then partition that using LVM. Unfortunately partman complains when creating LVM volumes saying there no partitions in recipe that could be used with LVM (in console it complains about unusable recipe). The layout I'm after is RAID 1 on sdb and sdc (installing from USB stick so it takes sda) and then use LVM to create boot, root and swap. The odd thing is that if I change the mount point of boot_lv to home the recipe works fine (apart from mounting in wrong place), but when mounting at /boot it fails I know I could use separate /boot primary partition, but can anybody tell me why it fails. Recipe and relevant options below. ## Partitioning using RAID d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sdb /dev/sdc d-i partman-auto/method string raid d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true #d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true d-i partman-auto-lvm/new_vg_name string main_vg d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \ multiraid :: \ 100 512 -1 raid \ $lvmignore{ } \ $primary{ } \ method{ raid } \ . \ 256 512 256 ext3 \ $defaultignore{ } \ $lvmok{ } \ method{ format } \ format{ } \ use_filesystem{ } \ filesystem{ ext3 } \ mountpoint{ /boot } \ lv_name{ boot_lv } \ . \ 2000 5000 -1 ext4 \ $defaultignore{ } \ $lvmok{ } \ method{ format } \ format{ } \ use_filesystem{ } \ filesystem{ ext4 } \ mountpoint{ / } \ lv_name{ root_lv } \ . \ 64 512 300% linux-swap \ $defaultignore{ } \ $lvmok{ } \ method{ swap } \ format{ } \ lv_name{ swap_lv } \ . d-i partman-auto-raid/recipe string \ 1 2 0 lvm - \ /dev/sdb1#/dev/sdc1 \ . d-i mdadm/boot_degraded boolean true #d-i partman-md/confirm boolean true #d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true #d-i partman/choose_partition select Finish partitioning and write changes to disk #d-i partman/confirm boolean true #d-i partman-md/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true #d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true EDIT: After a bit of googling I found below snippet of code from partman-auto-lvm, but I still don't understand why would they prevent that setup if it's possible to do manually and booting from boot partition on LVM is possible. # Make sure a boot partition isn't marked as lvmok if echo "$scheme" | grep lvmok | grep -q "[[:space:]]/boot[[:space:]]"; then bail_out unusable_recipe fi

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• SQL Server 2008 Unique Problem for bring DB Online...

  - by Nai

  This is my error I am facing TITLE: Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo Set offline failed for Database 'Go3D_Retailer ------------------------------ ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: An exception occurred while executing a Transact-SQL statement or batch. (Microsoft.SqlServer.ConnectionInfo) Unable to open the physical file "E:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\ftrow_Go3D_catalog.ndf". Operating system error 2: "2(failed to retrieve text for this error. Reason: 15105)". Database 'Go3D_Retailer' cannot be opened due to inaccessible files or insufficient memory or disk space. See the SQL Server errorlog for details. ALTER DATABASE statement failed. (Microsoft SQL Server, Error: 5120) Background to this error I've been trying to move my destination logshipping database to another physical server for analysis purposes. Because I do not have active directory set up, I had to hack my process by using the same username/password for both the source and destination servers to get the process to work. Following that, I used this guy's solution to move the destination database to another server. However, this error occurs when I try to bring the database back online. I don't have an E drive on my server and I have no idea why it's trying to open a file from E drive. I have over a 100gb left on my hard disk so it's definitely not a space issue. This sounds like a bug... Any ideas? I'm running SQL Server 2008 Enterprise edition on Windows Server 2008 R2 64bit

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• Is there a way to know what the Windows Disk Cleanup utility will delete?

  - by Cam Jackson

  When I run the Disk Cleanup utility that's built into Windows 8, it tells me that it can free up 53GB by deleting 'Temporary Files'. However, a CCleaner analysis on default settings only finds about 300MB worth of space to free up, so I'm wondering what Disk Cleanup has found that CCleaner does not. Note that this question appears to be similar to what I'm asking, but the accepted answer says that 'Temporary Files' refers to %TEMP%. I've already cleared out most of C:\Users\Cam\AppData\Local\Temp, and it now has only 230MB of stuff in it, even with system files showing. So where is this 53GB located? Is there a way to find out what it is? Edit: I should note that this is on a 110GB SSD, so it's almost half the drive. And in fact I'm only using 86GB, so if it's really going to clear out 53GB, that would be more than 60% of the stuff on my C drive. I'm starting to think that Disk Cleanup caches its analysis, and hasn't updated since I started cleaning up the drive earlier today. Although when I run it it says that it's 'Calculating' how much space can be saved, and it takes about 5-10 seconds to do so. Hmmm... Edit2: Here is what my hard drive looks like, according to SpaceMonger (Right click-Open image in new tab, so you can see it properly): You can see why I was starting to think that the 53GB figure is actually wrong. Even if 'Temporary Files' includes my hiberfil and everything in WinSxS (about 13GB total), that would be 26GB, which is only halfway there. Hard to see where there's 53GB of stuff to delete.

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• Fixing partitions and Installing BackTrack

  - by Josh

  My whole problem started when I started trying to install Backtrack(3 or 4) Backtrack was trying to install itself over my entire windows partition (Which I had combined into one when I installed windows 7). So I booted back into windows 7 on my netbook (eee pc 1000 HE btw) I went into disk-manager with the aim of making a partition to install backtrack on but came out with a really screwed up drive. So I had two partions when I started: the windows system partition, and then my main partition and they were blue in diskmanager (I think that has something to do with formatting). After I went through the steps to make a 10 GB FAT32 partition for backtrack I had about five partitons one called PE: that I have no Idea what it is the windows system file, my main partiton 10 GB unallocated space, and two other partions under 50MB each that are both unused space. And they were all converted to simple volumes (Green instead of blue). And backtrack still wants to erase my entire drive. Question number 1: How do I get it back to the way it was? Question 2: How to I get backtrack to dual boot on my netbook?

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• Server 2008 Disk Management Hangs

  - by Payson Welch

  So I have looked everywhere for the solution to this and have tried many things. There is one post on SE related to this and I tried the suggested answer but I am still having problems. We have a server running Server 2008 R2 Standard x64. I need to increase the space of C: since the free space is running very low. However when I open Server Manager and try to go to the "Disk Management" snap-in it just hangs. There is a status message on the bottom of the window that says "Connecting to Virtual Disk Service...". Here are the steps I have taken: Ran sfc /scannow Set all of the drives to be dirty and rebooted so that they would be scanned Executed chkdsk /f /r /b /v on all of the drives. Checked for Windows updates (none). Verified that the services "Virtual Disk", "RPC Procedures" and "Plug and Play" are all running. One symptom is that the service "Virtual Disk" does not cleanly shut down. I receive a message about the process being unexpectedly terminated when I try to stop or restart it. Also I cannot find anything relevant in the event logs. Any ideas or suggestions?

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• Server cost for smartphone app with web service

  - by FrankieA

  Hello, I am working on a smartphone application that will require a backend web service - but I have absolutely clueless to how much it will cost. Web Service will handle: - login of users - cataloging of our user base - holding minimal profile information for users (the only binary data is a display picture which will be < 20k each) - performing some very minor calculation/algorithm before return results - All the above will be communicated to server from a smartphone (iPhone/BlackBerry/Android) Bandwidth Requirements: - We want to handle up to 10k users throughout the day. - I predict 10k * 50 HTTP requests a day = 500,000 requests a day * 30 = 15 million requests a month Space Requirements: - Data will be in SQL database. - I predict 1MB/user * 10k = 10GB + overhead. In other words - space is not a big issue. Software Requirements: (unless someone knows an alternative) - Windows Server 2008 + IIS - MSFT SQL Server Note: This is 100% new to me, so please hit me with all you got. Do I need Windows Server or are there alternative? Is it better to get multiple cheap servers to distribute load? Will Amazon S3 work for me? How about Windows Azure? Thank you!!

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• client flips between internal and external IP addresses??

  - by jmiller-miramontes

  I have what seems like a not-particularly-complicated home network, all things considered: a DSL line comes in to a modem/router, which goes off to a switch, which supports a bunch of machines. My machines live in a 192.168.0.x address space; however, I'm running some public servers on the network, so I have a block of 8 (5, really) static IP addresses that are mapped to the servers by the router. The non-servers get 192.168.0.x addresses via NAT; some machines have static addresses and some get addresses from DHCP. Locally, I'm running a DNS server (named) to map between the domain names and the 192.168 address space. Somewhat messy, but everything basically works. Except: One of my local non-server clients occasionally switches from its internal address to its external address. That is, if I check the logs of a website I'm running internally, the hits coming from this client sometimes show up with the internal 192.168 address, and sometimes with the external (216.103...) address. It will flip back and forth for no apparent reason, without my doing anything. This can be a problem in terms of how the clients interact with the way I have some of the clients' SSH systems configured (e.g., allowing access from the internal network but not the external network), but it also Just Seems Wrong. I will confess that I'm kinda skating on the very edge of my networking competence here, but I can't for the life of me figure out what's going on. If it helps, the client in question is running Mac OS X / 10.6; its address is statically assigned, is not one of the five externally-accessible addresses, and gets its DNS from (first) the internal DNS server and (second) my ISP's DNS servers. I can't swear that none of the other NAT clients are also showing this problem; the one I'm dealing with is my everyday machine, so this is where I run into it. Does anybody out there have any advice? This is driving me crazy...

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• How do I keep folders synced and backed up between two macs using a Linux NAS (rsync?)

  - by Hultner

  I've got two primary computers, one Mac Pro and one MacBook Pro for when I'm on the go. I've also got a Linux sever which also acts as NAS. Currently I backup the entire computers to an external drive with Time Machine which is rather useless and doesn't sync anything. What I really want to do is to keep my important files synced between both computers and my NAS (which is running RAID 5), that way I'm not backing up easily replaceable systemfiles and I've got all my important files in 3 places where two of them are running raid so at least 5 drives would have to crash at the same time before actual data loss occur. Folders I want to keep synced is basically my photo, documents, development, mamp and work folders and then I want to keep the user library folder backed up but not synced. I'm thinking that I'd have to use rsync but don't know how. Before suggesting Dropbox and similar suggestions I don't want to use them because of several reasons some of them being security (Dropbox obviously proved this), Speed (sometimes I'll sync gigabytes of data and that will be significantly faster locally and probably even through VPN as I have a Gigabit pipe), Space (space on my NAS is cheap and only practically limited by my needs), reliability (even if my internet were to go down I still need to be able to keep my files synced incase I'd need to go somewhere on the fly), price (I already have all the hardware and for the amount of gigabytes and bandwidth I'd need I doubt that there's any free or cheap service). Those are my main reason for wanting to keep it locally. I'm sorry for any spelling or grammatical mistakes that I've might have done. I'm writing this on my smartphone from a shaky train and English isn't my mother tongue. I gratefully appreciate any answers even if only partly solving my problem.

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• ScreenOS MIP selection for outbound connections

  - by David Mackintosh

  Given a ScreenOS 6.3.0 firewall with this configuration: unset flow reverse-route clear-text set interface "ethernet0/0" zone "Trust" set interface ethernet0/0 ip 192.168.1.1/24 set interface ethernet0/2 ip 10.0.0.1/24 set interface ethernet0/2 mip 10.9.9.10 host 192.168.1.10 netmask 255.255.255.255 vr trust-vr set interface ethernet0/2 mip 10.8.8.10 host 192.168.1.10 netmask 255.255.255.255 vr trust-vr set route 0.0.0.0/0 interface ethernet0/2 gateway 10.0.0.254 ... (and assuming appropriate policies) is there a way to control which MIP the firewall selects for outbound connections initiated by 192.168.1.10? (presumably because I want the upstream 10.0.0.254 to do different things with the packet depending on what its source IP is). Update: OK, my scenario is this: I have two ISP uplinks, each giving me a different IP space. Each ISP will only route the IP space they have assigned me. So in order for the server to be reachable by both ISPs, I need two MIPs for the same server, one on each interface. Inbound traffic will work fine with the 'unset flow reverse-route clear-text' option in use. But for outbound (think an email server sending a message) I need a way to select an appropriate MIP depending on which outbound link I want the system to use, and I want this to be resiliant so that if the link the firewall prefers goes down overnight I don't have to manually flip something to keep the mail flowing. Basically I'm trying to avoid having to buy a link-balancer appliance (or two since I'll need a cluster). Is there a way to do this?

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• Rack layout for future growth

  - by bleything

  We're getting ready to move to a new colo facility and I'm designing the rack layout. While we have a full rack, we only have 12U worth of hardware right now: 1x 1U switch 7x 1U servers 1x 2U server 1x 2U disk shelf The colo facility requires us to front-mount the switch and use a 1U brush strip, so we'll be using a total of 13U of space. Regarding growth, I'm reasonably sure we'll be adding another 4U in servers, 1-2U of network gear, and 2-4U of storage in the mid-term. Specific questions I'm hoping to get help with: where should I mount the switch? the LEDs are on top... should I group the servers by function with space for adding new machines? as an alternative, should I group servers based on whether they are production or staging? where in the rack should I start? in the middle? at the top? at the bottom? equally spaced? Here's a silly little ASCII diagram of what I'm thinking right now. Please feel free to tear my design apart, I've really no idea what I'm doing :) Any advice is very welcome. edit: to be clear, the colo is providing redundant power with UPS and generator, so that's why there's no power gear in the plan, except for the 0U PDU that I didn't diagram. 42 | -- switch ---------------------- 41 | -- brush strip ----------------- 40 | ~~ reserved for second switch ~~ 39 | ~~ reserved for firewall ~~~~~~~ 38 | 37 | -- admin01 --------------------- 36 | 35 | -- vm01 ------------------------ 34 | -- vm02 ------------------------ 33 | ~~ reserved for vm03 ~~~~~~~~~~~ 32 | ~~ reserved for vm04 ~~~~~~~~~~~ 31 | ~~ reserved for vm05 ~~~~~~~~~~~ 30 | 29 | -- web01 ----------------------- 28 | -- web02 ----------------------- 27 | ~~ reserved for web03 ~~~~~~~~~~ 26 | ~~ reserved for web04 ~~~~~~~~~~ 25 | 24 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 16 | -- db01 ------------------------ 15 | +- disks ----------------------+ 14 | +------------------------------+ 13 | ~~ reserved for more ~~~~~~~~~~~ 12 | ~~ db01 disks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 11 | 10 | +- db02 -----------------------+ 9 | +------------------------------+ 8 | ~~ reserved for db02 ~~~~~~~~~~~ 7 | ~~ disks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 6 | ~~ reserved for more ~~~~~~~~~~~ 5 | ~~ db02 disks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |

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• Tips on setting up a virtual lab for self-learning networking topics

  - by Harry

  I'm trying to self-learn the following topics on Linux (preferably Fedora): Network programming (using sockets API), especially across proxies and firewalls Proxies (of various kinds like transparent, http, socks...), Firewalls (iptables) and 'basic' Linux security SNAT, DNAT Network admininstration power tools: nc, socat (with all its options), ssh, openssl, etc etc. Now, I know that, ideally, it would be best if I had 'enough' number of physical nodes and physical network equipment (routers, switches, etc) for this self-learning exercise. But, obviously, don't have the budget or the physical space, nor want to be wasteful -- especially, when things could perhaps be simulated/emulated in a Linux environment. I have got one personal workstation, which is a single-homed Fedora desktop with 4GB memory, 200+ GB disk, and a 4-core CPU. I may be able to get 3 to 4 additional low-end Fedora workstations. But all of these -- including mine -- will always remain strictly behind our corporate firewall :-( Now, I know I could use VirtualBox-based virtual nodes, but don't know if there are any better alternatives disk- and memory- footprint-wise. Would you be able to give me some tips or suggestions on how to get started setting up this little budget- and space-constrained 'virtual lab' of mine? For example, how would I create virtual routers? Has someone attempted this sort of thing before: namely, creating a virtual network lab behind a corporate firewall for learning/development/testing purposes? I hope my question is not vague or too open-ended. Basically, right now, I don't know how to best leverage the Linux environment and the various 'goodies' it comes with, and buying physical devices only when it is absolutely necessary.

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• Using dropbox / symbolic link combo successfully

  - by wim

  In the past I have kept some files on dropbox by copying them into my ~/Dropbox folder on Ubuntu. I don't want to move the original files into Dropbox synch folder or muck around with my directory structure. Then I have found I was using dropbox more and more, and wasting a lot of space this way by duplication of data. I use a small SSD locally for OS, any other data is kept on mounted shares from my NAS. I found I could successfully get files up to the cloud by using symbolic links like: ln -s /some/mounted/share/dir ~/Dropbox/dir And dropbox would carry on and sync those files remotely whilst only using up the space of the symbolic link locally. This worked well for me for a few weeks, until I turned on my laptop one day and saw '421 files have been removed from your dropbox' notification. They were still there in the original mounted share, but the symbolic links I'd made were completely gone for some reason. What did I do wrong? It is possible the share could have become unmounted, but I didn't expect this would cause all my files to be deleted from the cloud could it? How can I 'share' files on my dropbox in this way without the danger of the originals being modified from remotely?

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