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• Best system for creating a 2d racing track

  - by tesselode

  I am working a 2D racing game and I'm trying to figure out what is the best way to define the track. At the very least, I need to be able to create a closed circuit with any amount of turns at any angle, and I need vehicles to collide with the edges of the track. I also want the following things to be true if possible (but they are optional): The code is simple and free of funky workarounds and extras I can define all of the parts of the track (such as turns) relative to the previous parts I can predict the exact position of the road at a certain point (that way I can easily and cleanly make closed circuits) Here are my options: Use a set of points. This is my current system. I have a set of turns and width changes that the track is supposed to make over time. I have a point which I transform according to these instructions, and I place a point every 5 steps or so, depending on how precise I want the track to be. These points make up the track. The main problem with this is the discrepancy between the collisions and the way the track is drawn. I won't get into too much detail, but the picture below shows what is happening (although it is exaggerated a bit). The blue lines are what is drawn, the red lines are what the vehicle collides with. I could work around this, but I'd rather avoid funky workaround code. Beizer curves. These seem cool, but my first impression of them is that they'll be a little daunting to learn and are probably too complicated for my needs. Some other kind of curve? I have heard of some other kinds of curves; maybe those are more applicable. Use Box2D or another physics engine. Instead of defining the center of the track, I could use a physics engine to define shapes that make up the road. The downside to this, however, is that I have to put in a little more work to place the checkpoints. Something completely different. Basically, what is the simplest system for generating a race track that would allow me to create closed circuits cleanly, handle collisions, and not have a ton of weird code?

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• Trying to use stencils in 2D while retaining layer depth

  - by Steve

  This is a screen of what's going on just so you can get a frame of reference. http://i935.photobucket.com/albums/ad199/fobwashed/tilefloors.png The problem I'm running into is that my game is slowing down due to the amount of texture swapping I'm doing during my draw call. Since walls, characters, floors, and all objects are on their respective sprite sheet containing those types, per tile draw, the loaded texture is swapping no less than 3 to 5+ times as it cycles and draws the sprites in order to layer properly. Now, I've tried throwing all common objects together into their respective lists, and then using layerDepth drawing them that way which makes things a lot better, but the new problem I'm running into has to do with the way my doors/windows are drawn on walls. Namely, I was using stencils to clear out a block on the walls that are drawn in the shape of the door/window so that when the wall would draw, it would have a door/window sized hole in it. This is the way my draw was set up for walls when I was going tile by tile rather than grouped up common objects. first it would check to see if a door/window was on this wall. If not, it'd skip all the steps and just draw normally. Otherwise end the current spriteBatch Clear the buffers with a transparent color to preserve what was already drawn start a new spritebatch with stencil settings draw the door area end the spriteBatch start a new spritebatch that takes into account the previously set stencil draw the wall which will now be drawn with a hole in it end that spritebatch start a new spritebatch with the normal settings to continue drawing tiles In the tile by tile draw, clearing the depth/stencil buffers didn't matter since I wasn't using any layerDepth to organize what draws on top of what. Now that I'm drawing from lists of common objects rather than tile by tile, it has sped up my draw call considerably but I can't seem to figure out a way to keep the stencil system to mask out the area a door or window will be drawn into a wall. The root of the problem is that when I end a spriteBatch to change the DepthStencilState, it flattens the current RenderTarget and there is no longer any depth sorting for anything drawn further down the line. This means walls always get drawn on top of everything regardless of depth or positioning in the game world and even on top of each other as the stencil has to happen once for every wall that has a door or window. Does anyone know of a way to get around this? To boil it down, I need a way to draw having things sorted by layer depth while also being able to stencil/mask out portions of specific sprites.

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• What is the most appropriate testing method in this scenario?

  - by Daniel Bruce

  I'm writing some Objective-C apps (for OS X/iOS) and I'm currently implementing a service to be shared across them. The service is intended to be fairly self-contained. For the current functionality I'm envisioning there will be only one method that clients will call to do a fairly complicated series of steps both using private methods on the class, and passing data through a bunch of "data mangling classes" to arrive at an end result. The gist of the code is to fetch a log of changes, stored in a service-internal data store, that has occurred since a particular time, simplify the log to only include the last applicable change for each object, attach the serialized values for the affected objects and return this all to the client. My question then is, how do I unit-test this entry point method? Obviously, each class would have thorough unit tests to ensure that their functionality works as expected, but the entry point seems harder to "disconnect" from the rest of the world. I would rather not send in each of these internal classes IoC-style, because they're small and are only made classes to satisfy the single-responsibility principle. I see a couple possibilities: Create a "private" interface header for the tests with methods that call the internal classes and test each of these methods separately. Then, to test the entry point, make a partial mock of the service class with these private methods mocked out and just test that the methods are called with the right arguments. Write a series of fatter tests for the entry point without mocking out anything, testing the entire functionality in one go. This looks, to me, more like "integration testing" and seems brittle, but it does satisfy the "only test via the public interface" principle. Write a factory that returns these internal services and take that in the initializer, then write a factory that returns mocked versions of them to use in tests. This has the downside of making the construction of the service annoying, and leaks internal details to the client. Write a "private" initializer that take these services as extra parameters, use that to provide mocked services, and have the public initializer back-end to this one. This would ensure that the client code still sees the easy/pretty initializer and no internals are leaked. I'm sure there's more ways to solve this problem that I haven't thought of yet, but my question is: what's the most appropriate approach according to unit testing best practices? Especially considering I would prefer to write this test-first, meaning I should preferably only create these services as the code indicates a need for them.

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• Where are my date ranges in Analytics coming from?

  - by Jeffrey McDaniel

  In the P6 Reporting Database there are two main tables to consider when viewing time - W_DAY_D and W_Calendar_FS.  W_DAY_D is populated internally during the ETL process and will provide a row for every day in the given time range. Each row will contain aspects of that day such as calendar year, month, week, quarter, etc. to allow it to be used in the time element when creating requests in Analytics to group data into these time granularities. W_Calendar_FS is used for calculations such as spreads, but is also based on the same set date range. The min and max day_dt (W_DAY_D) and daydate (W_Calendar_FS) will be related to the date range defined, which is a start date and a rolling interval plus a certain range. Generally start date plus 3 years.  In P6 Reporting Database 2.0 this date range was defined in the Configuration utility.  As of P6 Reporting Database 3.0, with the introduction of the Extended Schema this date range is set in the P6 web application. The Extended Schema uses this date range to calculate the data for near real time reporting in P6.  This same date range is validated and used for the P6 Reporting Database.  The rolling date range means if today is April 1, 2010 and the rolling interval is set to three years, the min date will be 1/1/2010 and the max date will be 4/1/2013.  1/1/2010 will be the min date because we always back fill to the beginning of the year. On April 2nd, the Extended schema services are run and the date range is adjusted there to move the max date forward to 4/2/2013.  When the ETL process is run the Reporting Database will pick up this change and also adjust the max date on the W_DAY_D and W_Calendar_FS. There are scenarios where date ranges affecting areas like resource limit may not be adjusted until a change occurs to cause a recalculation, but based on general system usage these dates in these tables will progress forward with the rolling intervals. Choosing a large date range can have an effect on the ETL process for the P6 Reporting Database. The extract portion of the process will pull spread data over into the STAR. The date range defines how long activity and resource assignment spread data is spread out in these tables. If an activity lasts 5 days it will have 5 days of spread data. If a project lasts 5 years, and the date range is 3 years the spread data after that 3 year date range will be bucketed into the last day in the date range. For the overall project and even the activity level you will still see the correct total values.  You just would not be able to see the daily spread 5 years from now. This is an important question when choosing your date range, do you really need to see spread data down to the day 5 years in the future?  Generally this amount of granularity years in the future is not needed. Remember all those values 5, 10, 15, 20 years in the future are still available to report on they would be in more of a summary format on the activity or project.  The data is always there, the level of granularity is the decision.

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• Deploying, but without those pesky test files!

  - by Chris Skardon

  Silverlight testing is great, we all know that (don’t we??), we’re expected to do it as part of the development process, but once we’ve got an awesome application written and we come to deploy it, we don’t want the test files going out with it… You might be like me, have the files in a Web project – let’s face it, that’s how we’re pushed into doing it… So let’s stick with it! Now. I’m deploying via the wonders of the Web Deployment shizzle, but this also applies to the classic ‘installer’ project as well.. Baaaasically, we’re going to use the ‘Debug’ / ‘Release’ configurations to include given files. ?? OK, you know in the top of your visual studio editor, you (usually) have a drop down which predominantly reads ‘Debug’? Those are ‘configurations’. Mostly we don’t bother changing it, primarily due to laziness, but also the fact that we generally don’t see ‘Release’ as actually doing anything other than making it harder to find problems :) Well today my friends we’re going to change that bad boy… The next few steps are just helping you set up a new ‘Debug’ configuration, but you can just switch to the ‘Release’ configuration and skip to the end… First let’s go to the Configuration Manager. There are multiple ways, through the ‘Build’ menu (at the bottom), or via the drop down which currently has ‘Debug’ in it :) Got it? Select ‘New’ from the ‘Active solution configuration’ drop down: Create a new configuration, kind of like the picture below shows (or for those graphically challenged – Name: DebugWithNoTests, and Copy settings from: ‘Debug’, ensuring the ‘Create new project configurations’ checkbox is checked). Press OK. VS will do some shizzle, and in the Configuration manager, you will see pretty much exactly what you did before, only with ‘Debug’ replaced with ‘DebugWithNoTests’. Turn off the build options for the test projects. We won’t need them.. IF you skipped down from the top, this is where you’ll be wanting to stop!!! Close and now we’re one notepad step away from achieving our goals. Yes, I said notepad. You can’t do what we’re going to do in VS. (Pity). Go to the folder where your web project is, and right click on the ‘.csproj’ file. Now open it with notepad. Head on down to the ‘<Content Include’ bits, they’ll look like this: <ItemGroup> <Content Include="ClientBin\Tests.xap" /> ... </ItemGroup> Take this and modify each of the files you don’t want deployed and change to: <Content Include="ClientBin\Tests.xap" Condition="'$(Configuration)' == 'Debug'" /> Once you’ve got that sorted publish your project, once with the Debug configuration selected, and another with any other configuration (‘Release’, ‘DebugWithNoTests’ etc).. No files! Huzzah!

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• Editing files without race conditions?

  - by user2569445

  I have a CSV file that needs to be edited by multiple processes at the same time. My question is, how can I do this without introducing race conditions? It's easy to write to the end of the file without race conditions by open(2)ing it in "a" (O_APPEND) mode and simply write to it. Things get more difficult when removing lines from the file. The easiest solution is to read the file into memory, make changes to it, and overwrite it back to the file. If another process writes to it after it is in memory, however, that new data will be lost upon overwriting. To further complicate matters, my platform does not support POSIX record locks, checking for file existence is a race condition waiting to happen, rename(2) replaces the destination file if it exists instead of failing, and editing files in-place leaves empty bytes in it unless the remaining bytes are shifted towards the beginning of the file. My idea for removing a line is this (in pseudocode): filename = "/home/user/somefile"; file = open(filename, "r"); tmp = open(filename+".tmp", "ax") || die("could not create tmp file"); //"a" is O_APPEND, "x" is O_EXCL|O_CREAT while(write(tmp, read(file)); //copy the $file to $file+".new" close(file); //edit tmp file unlink(filename) || die("could not unlink file"); file = open(filename, "wx") || die("another process must have written to the file after we copied it."); //"w" is overwrite, "x" is force file creation while(write(file, read(tmp))); //copy ".tmp" back to the original file unlink(filename+".tmp") || die("could not unlink tmp file"); Or would I be better off with a simple lock file? Appender process: lock = open(filename+".lock", "wx") || die("could not lock file"); file = open(filename, "a"); write(file, "stuff"); close(file); close(lock); unlink(filename+".lock"); Editor process: lock = open(filename+".lock", "wx") || die("could not lock file"); file = open(filename, "rw"); while(contents += read(file)); //edit "contents" write(file, contents); close(file); close(lock); unlink(filename+".lock"); Both of these rely on an additional file that will be left over if a process terminates before unlinking it, causing other processes to refuse to write to the original file. In my opinion, these problems are brought on by the fact that the OS allows multiple writable file descriptors to be opened on the same file at the same time, instead of failing if a writable file descriptor is already open. It seems that O_CREAT|O_EXCL is the closest thing to a real solution for preventing filesystem race conditions, aside from POSIX record locks. Another possible solution is to separate the file into multiple files and directories, so that more granular control can be gained over components (lines, fields) of the file using O_CREAT|O_EXCL. For example, "file/$id/$field" would contain the value of column $field of the line $id. It wouldn't be a CSV file anymore, but it might just work. Yes, I know I should be using a database for this as databases are built to handle these types of problems, but the program is relatively simple and I was hoping to avoid the overhead. So, would any of these patterns work? Is there a better way? Any insight into these kinds of problems would be appreciated.

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• Validation and Error Generation when using the Data Mapper Pattern

  - by AndyPerlitch

  I am working on saving state of an object to a database using the data mapper pattern, but I am looking for suggestions/guidance on the validation and error message generation step (step 4 below). Here are the general steps as I see them for doing this: (1) The data mapper is used to get current info (assoc array) about the object in db: +=====================================================+ | person_id | name | favorite_color | age | +=====================================================+ | 1 | Andy | Green | 24 | +-----------------------------------------------------+ mapper returns associative array, eg. Person_Mapper::getPersonById($id) : $person_row = array( 'person_id' => 1, 'name' => 'Andy', 'favorite_color' => 'Green', 'age' => '24', ); (2) the Person object constructor takes this array as an argument, populating its fields. class Person { protected $person_id; protected $name; protected $favorite_color; protected $age; function __construct(array $person_row) { $this->person_id = $person_row['person_id']; $this->name = $person_row['name']; $this->favorite_color = $person_row['favorite_color']; $this->age = $person_row['age']; } // getters and setters... public function toArray() { return array( 'person_id' => $this->person_id, 'name' => $this->name, 'favorite_color' => $this->favorite_color, 'age' => $this->age, ); } } (3a) (GET request) Inputs of an HTML form that is used to change info about the person is populated using Person::getters <form> <input type="text" name="name" value="<?=$person->getName()?>" /> <input type="text" name="favorite_color" value="<?=$person->getFavColor()?>" /> <input type="text" name="age" value="<?=$person->getAge()?>" /> </form> (3b) (POST request) Person object is altered with the POST data using Person::setters $person->setName($_POST['name']); $person->setFavColor($_POST['favorite_color']); $person->setAge($_POST['age']); *(4) Validation and error message generation on a per-field basis - Should this take place in the person object or the person mapper object? - Should data be validated BEFORE being placed into fields of the person object? (5) Data mapper saves the person object (updates row in the database): $person_mapper->savePerson($person); // the savePerson method uses $person->toArray() // to get data in a more digestible format for the // db gateway used by person_mapper Any guidance, suggestions, criticism, or name-calling would be greatly appreciated.

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• [EF + Oracle] Inserting Data (1/2)

  - by JTorrecilla

  Prologue Following EF series (I ,II y III) in this chapter we will see how to create DB record from EF. Inserting Data Like we indicated in the 2º post: “One Entity matches with a DB record, and one property match with a Table Column”. To start, we need to create an object from one of the Entities: 1: EMPLEADOS empleado = new EMPLEADOS(); Also like, I told previously, Exists the possibility to use the Static Function defined by VS for each Entity: Once we have created the object, we can Access to it properties to fill like a common class:   1: empleado.NOMBRE = "Javier Torrecilla";   After finish of fill our Entity properties, it must be needed to add the object to the appropriate ObjectSet in the ObjectContext: 1: enti.EMPLEADOS.AddObject(empleado); or 1: enti.AddToEMPLEADOS(empleado); Both methods will do the same action, create an insert statement. Have we finished? No. Any Entity has a property called “EntityState”. This prop is an Enum from “EntityState”, which has the following: Detached: the Entity is created, but not added to the Context. Unchanged: There is no pending changes in the Entity. Added: The entity is added to the ObjectSet, but it is not yet sent to the DB. Deleted: The object is deleted form the ObjectSet, but not yet from the DB. Modified: There is Pending Changes to confirm. Let’s see, the several values of the property during the Creation steps: 1. While the Object is created and we are filling the props: EntityState.Detached; 2. After adding to the ObjectSet: EntityState.Added. This not indicated that the record is in the DB 3. Saving the Data: To sabe the data in the DB, we are going to call “SaveChanges” method of the Object Context. After invoke it, the property will be EntityState.Unchanged.   What does SaveChanges Method? This function will synchronize and send all pending changes to DB. It will add, modify or delete all Entities, whose EntityState property, is setted to Added, Deleted or Modified. After finishing, all added or modified entities will be change the State to “Unchanged”, and deleted Entities must take the “Detached” state.

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• Making CopySourceAsHtml add-on work with VS2010

  - by DigiMortal

  As there are still bloggers who use CopySourceAsHtml add-on for Visual Studio to get syntax highlighted code to their blog posts and there is no guidance in CSAH site how to make it work with Visual Studio 2010 I will give my guidance here. Almost all code in this blog is syntax highlighted by this add-on (read more from my post Visual Studio add-in: CopySourceAsHTML). Last version of CSAH is available for VS2008 but it is easy to make it work with VS2010. Just follow these steps. Close VS2010 if it is opened. Goto folder MyDocuments\Visual Studio 2010. Move to AddIns subfolder (create it if there is no such subfolder). Create file called CopySourceAsHtml.AddIn and open it in text editor. Paste the following XML to editor:   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?> <Extensibility xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/AutomationExtensibility"> <HostApplication> <Name>Microsoft Visual Studio Macros</Name> <Version>10.0</Version> </HostApplication> <HostApplication> <Name>Microsoft Visual Studio</Name> <Version>10.0</Version> </HostApplication> <Addin> <FriendlyName>CopySourceAsHtml</FriendlyName> <Description>Adds support to Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 for copying source code, syntax highlighting, and line numbers as HTML.</Description> <Assembly>JTLeigh.Tools.Development.CopySourceAsHtml, Version=3.0.3215.1, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=bb2a58bdc03d2e14, processorArchitecture=MSIL</Assembly> <FullClassName>JTLeigh.Tools.Development.CopySourceAsHtml.Connect</FullClassName> <LoadBehavior>1</LoadBehavior> <CommandPreload>0</CommandPreload> <CommandLineSafe>0</CommandLineSafe> </Addin> </Extensibility> Save file and close it. Run VS2010 and activate add-on if it is not activated yet. That’s it. If you are heavy user of CSAH then I recommend you to bookmark this post. :)

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• Silverlight 4 Twitter Client &ndash; Part 5

  - by Max

  In this post, we will look at implementing the following in our twitter client - displaying the profile picture in the home page after logging in. So to accomplish this, we will need to do the following steps. 1) First of all, let us create another field in our Global variable static class to hold the profile image url. So just create a static string field in that. public static string profileImage { get; set; } 2) In the Login.xaml.cs file, before the line where we redirect to the Home page if the login was successful. Create another WebClient request to fetch details from this url - .xml">http://api.twitter.com/1/users/show/<TwitterUsername>.xml I am interested only in the “profile_image_url” node in this xml string returned. You can choose what ever field you need – the reference to the Twitter API Documentation is here. 3) This particular url does not require any authentication so no need of network credentials for this and also the useDefaultCredentials will be true. So this code would look like. WebRequest.RegisterPrefix("http://", System.Net.Browser.WebRequestCreator.ClientHttp); WebClient myService = new WebClient(); myService.AllowReadStreamBuffering = myService.UseDefaultCredentials = true; myService.DownloadStringCompleted += new DownloadStringCompletedEventHandler(TimelineRequestCompleted_User);) myService.DownloadStringAsync(new Uri("http://api.twitter.com/1/users/show/" + TwitterUsername.Text + ".xml")); 4) To parse the xml file returned by this and get the value of the “profile_image_url” node, the LINQ code will look something like XDocument xdoc; xdoc = XDocument.Parse(e.Result); var answer = (from status in xdoc.Descendants("user") select status.Element("profile_image_url").Value); GlobalVariable.profileImage = answer.First().ToString(); 5) After this, we can then redirect to Home page completing our login formalities. 6) In the home page, add a image tag and give it a name, something like <Image Name="image1" Stretch="Fill" Margin="29,29,0,0" Height="73" VerticalAlignment="Top" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="73" /> 7) In the OnNavigated to event in home page, we can set the image source url as below image1.Source = new BitmapImage(new Uri(GlobalVariable.profileImage, UriKind.Absolute)); Hope this helps. If you have any queries / suggestions, please feel free to comment below or contact me. Technorati Tags: Silverlight,LINQ,Twitter API,Twitter

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• How can I improve the battery life under 12.04 on my Inspiron 14z? [duplicate]

  - by cfogelberg

  This question already has an answer here: Tips to extend battery life for laptops and notebooks 24 answers How do I improve the battery life of my Inspiron 14z under Ubuntu 12.04? This laptop gets 4-5 hours of battery life using Windows (e.g. here). I've removed Windows, installed Ubuntu 12.04 and the initial battery life was only 2 hours. With some tweaks (described below) it's still only ~2.5 hours. For reference, the laptop is the latest model of the 14z: i5-3337U processor 32GB MSATA, 500GB HDD (5400rpm) AMD Radeon HD7570M graphics card I have put ext4 partitions on both the SSD and the HDD, and have mounted / to the SSD and /home to the HDD. I also put a 24gb linux swap partition at the start of the HDD, though I figure this won't be used all that much (the laptop has 8gb of RAM). After googling around and reading Ask Ubuntu and other sites extensively, I have done the following steps, and they have improved the battery life ~30 minutes (exact improvement not clear, but battery life is still nowhere near 4-5 hours). Installed Jupiter (and set Performance to "Power Saving") Installed laptop-mode-tools cat /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode now outputs 5 (previously it output 0) But it's not clear that this will help: AskUbuntu question Turned down the brightness of my screen from full to 1/3 Other things I have heard about but have not tried for fear of frying the laptop or my linux install: Add "pcie_aspm=force" at the end of the line with "quiet splash" in /boot/grub/grub.cfg Enable ALPM, but it may already be enabled in 12.04? Enable i915 framebuffer compression Use a propietary driver for the graphics card? Turn off the graphics card? (what would happen if I relied on the internal Intel bridge?) Use TLP? Spin down the HDD more aggressively (howto, but I think laptop-mode-tools does this already) The only other thing I've noticed is that plastic just above the F5, F6 and F7 keys gets really hot. According to Jupiter my CPU temperature is only 69 celsius and the System Monitor shows CPU load at 7% so I don't think it's the CPU. Maybe it's the graphics card? Also, I've set up MongoDB and LAMP on the machine as well. When I run powertop MongoDB is high in the list, but I'm not sure if that's relevant to battery life because I'm not actually doing anything with MongoDB most of the time. Edit - Additional info as requested $ lspci -nnk | grep -iEA3 "(graphics|vga)" 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge Graphics Controller [8086:0166] (rev 09) Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:057f] Kernel driver in use: i915 Kernel modules: i915 -- 02:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI Thames [Radeon 7500M/7600M Series] [1002:6841] Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:057f] Kernel driver in use: radeon Kernel modules: radeon

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• Is there any kind of established architecture for browser based games?

  - by black_puppydog

  I am beginning the development of a broser based game in which players take certain actions at any point in time. Big parts of gameplay will be happening in real life and just have to be entered into the system. I believe a good kind of comparison might be a platform for managing fantasy football, although I have virtually no experience playing that, so please correct me if I am mistaken here. The point is that some events happen in the program (i.e. on the server, out of reach for the players) like pulling new results from some datasource, starting of a new round by a game master and such. Other events happen in real life (two players closing a deal on the transfer of some team member or whatnot - again: have never played fantasy football) and have to be entered into the system. The first part is pretty easy since the game masters will be "staff" and thus can be trusted to a certain degree to not mess with the system. But the second part bothers me quite a lot, especially since the actions may involve multiple steps and interactions with different players, like registering a deal with the system that then has to be approved by the other party or denied and passed on to a game master to decide. I would of course like to separate the game logic as far as possible from the presentation and basic form validation but am unsure how to do this in a clean fashion. Of course I could (and will) put some effort into making my own architectural decisions and prototype different ideas. But I am bound to make some stupid mistakes at some point, so I would like to avoid some of that by getting a little "book smart" beforehand. So the question is: Is there any kind of architectural works that I can read up on? Papers, blogs, maybe design documents or even source code? Writing this down this seems more like a business application with business rules, workflows and such... Any good entry points for that? EDIT: After reading the first answers I am under the impression of having made a mistake when including the "MMO" part into the title. The game will not be all fancy (i.e. 3D or such) on the client side and the logic will completely exist on the server. That is, apart from basic form validation for the user which will also be mirrored on the server side. So the target toolset will be HTML5, JavaScript, probably JQuery(UI). My question is more related to the software architecture/design of a system that enforces certain rules. Separation of ruleset and presentation One problem I am having is that I want to separate the game rules from the presentation. The first step would be to make an own module for the game "engine" that only exposes an interface that allows all actions to be taken in a clean way. If an action fails with regard to some pre/post condition, the engine throws an exception which is then presented to the user like "you cannot sell something you do not own" or "after that you would end up in a situation which is not a valid game state." The problem here is that I would like to be able to not even present invalid action in the first place or grey out the corresponding UI elements. Changing and tweaking the ruleset Another big thing is the ruleset. It will probably evolve over time and most definitely must be tweaked. What's more, it should be possible (to a certain extent) to build a ruleset that fits a specific game round, i.e. choosing different kinds of behaviours in different aspects of the game. This would do something like "we play it with extension A today but we throw out extension B." For me, this screams "Architectural/Design pattern" but I have no idea on who might have published on something like this, not even what to google for.

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• New laptop, Windows 8.1, attempting dual install. Ubuntu installer doesn't 'see' existing OS

  - by Flaminica

  Though I've used Ubuntu for a few years, I'm new to installation. Previously I had help and now I'm doing it alone (moved across the world). Windows 8.1 came preinstalled on my new laptop (Toshiba Satellite C70-A-17C - Core i5, 8 GB RAM, 750 GB HDD). I have already followed a few steps I found online to prepare for a dual install (with Ubuntu 14.04). I backed up Windows, created a bootable Ubuntu USB and DVD (just in case one didn't work), turned off fast boot and secure boot, and shrunk C:/. The new unallocated drive portion is 292.97 GB. After shrinking C:/, I restarted Windows a couple of times to make sure everything was working fine (it is). I then attempted to install with the Ubuntu live USB. However, the Ubuntu installer doesn't see that Windows 8.1 is already installed. I don't understand, and don't want to mess with Ubuntu partitioning when I don't know where the partitions will be created. My concern is that, if I go further with the installation process, Windows might be overwritten or compromised in some way. I then tried to reboot using the Ubuntu live DVD, thinking I might get a different result. However, I can't figure out how to make the laptop boot from the CD drive. I went into the BIOS and found no option there, either. Any help is very appreciated! EDIT: Looks like I can't link directly to each photo. Here is my album of screenshots: http://imgur.com/a/zChCo Here you can see that there's no option to boot from CD drive, only USB. Everything looks okay so far. I don't understand this. Ubuntu has not yet been installed. Unmounting partitions? (I chose 'no'.) Even though the laptop came pre-installed with Windows 8.1, the Ubuntu USB installer can't see it. I chose 'something else'. I need to pick and format partitions. I scrolled down and took a second shot to include all information. Completely lost and cancelled installation.

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• Integrating with a payment provider; Proper and robust OOP approach

  - by ExternalUse

  History We are currently using a so called redirect model for our online payments (where you send the payer to a payment gateway, where he inputs his payment details - the gateway will then return him to a success/failure callback page). That's easy and straight-forward, but unfortunately quite inconvenient and at times confusing for our customers (leaving the site, changing their credit card details with an additional login on another site etc). Intention & Problem description We are now intending to switch to an integrated approach using an exchange of XML requests and responses. My problem is on how to cater with all (or rather most) of the things that may happen during processing - bearing in mind that normally simplicity is robust whereas complexity is fragile. Examples User abort: The user inputs Credit Card details and hits submit. An XML message to the provider's gateway is sent and waiting for response. The user hits "stop" in his browser or closes the window. ignore_user_abort() in PHP may be an option - but is that reliable? might it be better to redirect the user to a "please wait"-page, that in turn opens an AJAX or other request to the actual processor that does not rely on the connection? Database goes away sounds over-complicated, but with e.g. a webserver in the States and a DB in the UK, it has happened and will happen again: User clicks together his order, payment request has been sent to the provider but the response cannot be stored in the database. What approach could I use, using PHP to sort of start an SQL like "Transaction" that only at the very end gets committed or rolled back, depending on the individual steps? Should then neither commit or roll back have happened, I could sort of "lock" the user to prevent him from paying again or to improperly account for payments - but how? And what else do I need to consider technically? None of the integration examples of e.g. Worldpay, Realex or SagePay offer any insight, and neither Google or my search terms were good enough to find somebody else's thoughts on this. Thank you very much for any insight on how you would approach this!

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• What is the right way to group this project into classes?

  - by sigil

  I originally asked this on SO, where it was closed and recommended that I ask it here instead. I'm trying to figure out how to group all the functions necessary for my project into classes. The goal of the project is to execute the following process: Get the user's FTP credentials (username & password). Check to make sure the credentials establish a valid connection to the FTP server. Query several Sharepoint lists and join the results of those queries to create a list of items that need to have action taken on them. Each item in the list has a folder. For each item: Zip the contents of the folder. Upload the folder to the FTP server using SFTP Update the item's Sharepoint data. Email the user an Excel report showing, e.g., Items without folder paths Items that failed to zip or upload Steps 2-5 are performed on a periodic basis; if step 2 returns an invalid connection, the user is alerted and the process returns to step 1. If at any point the user presses a certain key, the process terminates. I've defined the following set of classes, each of which is in its own .cs file: SFTP: file transfer processes DataHandler: Sharepoint data retrieval/querying/updating processes. Also makes and uploads the zip files. Exceptions: Not just one class, this is the .cs file where I have all of my exception classes. Report: Builds and sends the report. Program: The main class for running the program. I recognize that the DataHandler class is a god object, but I don't have a good idea of how to refactor it. I feel like it should be more fine-grained than just breaking it into Sharepoint, Zip, and Upload, but maybe that's it. Also, I haven't yet worked out how to combine the periodic behavior with the "wait for user input at any point in the process" part; I think that involves threads, which means other classes to manage the threads... I'm not that well-versed in design patterns, but is there one that fits this project well? If this is too big of a topic to neatly explain in an SO answer, I'll also accept a link to a good tutorial on what I'm trying to do here.

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• Reading graph inputs for a programming puzzle and then solving it

  - by Vrashabh

  I just took a programming competition question and I absolutely bombed it. I had trouble right at the beginning itself from reading the input set. The question was basically a variant of this puzzle http://codercharts.com/puzzle/evacuation-plan but also had an hour component in the first line(say 3 hours after start of evacuation). It reads like this This puzzle is a tribute to all the people who suffered from the earthquake in Japan. The goal of this puzzle is, given a network of road and locations, to determine the maximum number of people that can be evacuated. The people must be evacuated from evacuation points to rescue points. The list of road and the number of people they can carry per hour is provided. Input Specifications Your program must accept one and only one command line argument: the input file. The input file is formatted as follows: the first line contains 4 integers n r s t n is the number of locations (each location is given by a number from 0 to n-1) r is the number of roads s is the number of locations to be evacuated from (evacuation points) t is the number of locations where people must be evacuated to (rescue points) the second line contains s integers giving the locations of the evacuation points the third line contains t integers giving the locations of the rescue points the r following lines contain to the road definitions. Each road is defined by 3 integers l1 l2 width where l1 and l2 are the locations connected by the road (roads are one-way) and width is the number of people per hour that can fit on the road Now look at the sample input set 5 5 1 2 3 0 3 4 0 1 10 0 2 5 1 2 4 1 3 5 2 4 10 The 3 in the first line is the additional component and is defined as the number of hours since the resuce has started which is 3 in this case. Now my solution was to use Dijisktras algorithm to find the shortest path between each of the rescue and evac nodes. Now my problem started with how to read the input set. I read the first line in python and stored the values in variables. But then I did not know how to store the values of the distance between the nodes and what DS to use and how to input it to say a standard implementation of dijikstras algorithm. So my question is two fold 1.) How do I take the input of such problems? - I have faced this problem in quite a few competitions recently and I hope I can get a simple code snippet or an explanation in java or python to read the data input set in such a way that I can input it as a graph to graph algorithms like dijikstra and floyd/warshall. Also a solution to the above problem would also help. 2.) How to solve this puzzle? My algorithm was: Find shortest path between evac points (in the above example it is 14 from 0 to 3) Multiply it by number of hours to get maximal number of saves Also the answer given for the variant for the input set was 24 which I dont understand. Can someone explain that also. UPDATE: I get how the answer is 14 in the given problem link - it seems to be just the shortest path between node 0 and 3. But with the 3 hour component how is the answer 24 UPDATE I get how it is 24 - its a complete graph traversal at every hour and this is how I solve it Hour 1 Node 0 to Node 1 - 10 people Node 0 to Node 2- 5 people TotalRescueCount=0 Node 1=10 Node 2= 5 Hour 2 Node 1 to Node 3 = 5(Rescued) Node 2 to Node 4 = 5(Rescued) Node 0 to Node 1 = 10 Node 0 to Node 2 = 5 Node 1 to Node 2 = 4 TotalRescueCount = 10 Node 1 = 10 Node 2= 5+4 = 9 Hour 3 Node 1 to Node 3 = 5(Rescued) Node 2 to Node 4 = 5+4 = 9(Rescued) TotalRescueCount = 9+5+10 = 24 It hard enough for this case , for multiple evac and rescue points how in the world would I write a pgm for this ?

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• Ubuntu 11.04 is not opening

  - by Fortunate

  I am using Ubuntu 11.04 with Windows 7. Ubuntu was working nice but now when I choose Ubuntu 11.04 from boot loader, it is not opening. Just Purple screen is coming but then nothing change. I can't see login menu, it doesn't pass to the login menu. What should I do? Has anyone this problem? Thanks for your answer. I did the steps you wrote Frantique. But now I have a black screen and then nothing. When I choosed ubuntu 11.04 from bootloader, first purple screen is opening then after 1 second it is going to a black screen. And I have nothing again. I can't write anything. Just I have a black screen. It is not openining. Before those problems they work together nice. There aren't any errors. Lets I tell you what did I change: I installed docky, and theme of MACOSX. They were working nicely. And I tried to install a nice calendar. To do this installation I changed a litle bit the file sources.list. That calendar program was working succcesfully too, after installation. The theme MACOSX was working succesfully there weren't any problem. After some days maybe meeks I had that problem which I asked in the above. Now when I tried to update I have a lots of errors. Like: Failed to urls... can't access archive something... .... Failed to urls... can't access archive something... .... ..... Failed to urls... can't access archive something... I hope you will solve the problem. I want my MacOSXUbuntu back :)

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• laptop will not boot after attempting upgrade to 13.10

  - by naerwenya

  I wanted to update my OS to the new 14.04 LTS. I was running 12.04 LTS before and followed the advice that upgrades should be done in steps. I first upgraded to 12.10, which seemed to work fine, and later to 13.10. This was all done through the Software Manager. After the last upgrade, I am no longer able to boot up my computer. The GNU GRUB menu opens up, but after selecting Ubuntu, it just stalls with a blank purple screen. If I select one of the other kernels, it also stalls after "Loading initial ramdisk...". I can't get into the Recovery Menu, either. I'm still rather new to Linux and may have possibly made the situation worse. Unfortunately, nothing has worked yet. I tried reinstalling from a flash drive and on my first attempt, the wizard recognised a previous installation. Unfortunately, the wizard also didn't like how my partitions were set up (I didn't change anything) and gave an error before closing. Unfortunately, I didn't write the error down, but it was about the boot partition. On the next attempt and ever since, the installation wizard has stated that "This computer currently has no detected operating systems." This is strange, because I could see the disk and even access my files when booting up from the USB. At this point, I decided to back up my important files using dropbox. Before losing all my files, I wanted to try the Boot-Repair tool, which also produced no results, and the files are no longer visible when booting from USB. The link to the Boot-Repair log is at http://paste.ubuntu.com/7457249/. If I then proceed through to the "Something else" installation option, I can see that the partitions still exist. This is what they look like: /dev/sda free space (size indicated 1MB) /dev/sda1 efi (33MB of 98 MB used) /dev/sda2 efi (352634MB of 746330MB used) /dev/sda3 swap (3725MB, none used) free space (0MB) Is there any way I might be able to get my computer to work and preserve my files as well?

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• Why is 0 false?

  - by Morwenn

  This question may sound dumb, but why does 0 evaluates to false and any other [integer] value to true is most of programming languages? String comparison Since the question seems a little bit too simple, I will explain myself a little bit more: first of all, it may seem evident to any programmer, but why wouldn't there be a programming language - there may actually be, but not any I used - where 0 evaluates to true and all the other [integer] values to false? That one remark may seem random, but I have a few examples where it may have been a good idea. First of all, let's take the example of strings three-way comparison, I will take C's strcmp as example: any programmer trying C as his first language may be tempted to write the following code: if (strcmp(str1, str2)) { // Do something... } Since strcmp returns 0 which evaluates to false when the strings are equal, what the beginning programmer tried to do fails miserably and he generally does not understand why at first. Had 0 evaluated to true instead, this function could have been used in its most simple expression - the one above - when comparing for equality, and the proper checks for -1 and 1 would have been done only when needed. We would have considered the return type as bool (in our minds I mean) most of the time. Moreover, let's introduce a new type, sign, that just takes values -1, 0 and 1. That can be pretty handy. Imagine there is a spaceship operator in C++ and we want it for std::string (well, there already is the compare function, but spaceship operator is more fun). The declaration would currently be the following one: sign operator<=>(const std::string& lhs, const std::string& rhs); Had 0 been evaluated to true, the spaceship operator wouldn't even exist, and we could have declared operator== that way: sign operator==(const std::string& lhs, const std::string& rhs); This operator== would have handled three-way comparison at once, and could still be used to perform the following check while still being able to check which string is lexicographically superior to the other when needed: if (str1 == str2) { // Do something... } Old errors handling We now have exceptions, so this part only applies to the old languages where no such thing exist (C for example). If we look at C's standard library (and POSIX one too), we can see for sure that maaaaany functions return 0 when successful and any integer otherwise. I have sadly seen some people do this kind of things: #define TRUE 0 // ... if (some_function() == TRUE) { // Here, TRUE would mean success... // Do something } If we think about how we think in programming, we often have the following reasoning pattern: Do something Did it work? Yes -> That's ok, one case to handle No -> Why? Many cases to handle If we think about it again, it would have made sense to put the only neutral value, 0, to yes (and that's how C's functions work), while all the other values can be there to solve the many cases of the no. However, in all the programming languages I know (except maybe some experimental esotheric languages), that yes evaluates to false in an if condition, while all the no cases evaluate to true. There are many situations when "it works" represents one case while "it does not work" represents many probable causes. If we think about it that way, having 0 evaluate to true and the rest to false would have made much more sense. Conclusion My conclusion is essentially my original question: why did we design languages where 0 is false and the other values are true, taking in account my few examples above and maybe some more I did not think of? Follow-up: It's nice to see there are many answers with many ideas and as many possible reasons for it to be like that. I love how passionate you seem to be about it. I originaly asked this question out of boredom, but since you seem so passionate, I decided to go a little further and ask about the rationale behind the Boolean choice for 0 and 1 on Math.SE :)

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• Windows Backup failed with error 0x807800C5

  - by Alexey Ivanov

  I setup backup of my Windows 8 laptop with Windows 7 File Recovery (known as Backup and Restore in Windows 7). Backup of files runs successfully. But if I try to create system image, it fails with error 0x807800C5: Error details on the dialog: The mounted backup volume is inaccessible. Error details in the system log: There was a failure in preparing the backup image of one of the volumes in the backup set. I save the backup to a network location, WD MyBookLive.   Edit: I tried some of the steps suggested in the various thread about this issue: Cleaned up the backup location: Removed MediaID.bin in the backup location. Removed folder <ComputerName> from WindowsImageBackup. Restarted backup resulted in the same error. However, the error dialog shows slightly different error message: The specified backup disk cannot be found. Performed System File Check by running sfc /scannow. It showed no errors. Running backup failed nevertheless. I tried searching Google for error code but I've found no solution so far. Update: I submitted technical support request to Microsoft. The first suggestion was to clean boot, but it didn't help. I pointed out that I had tried all the methods from the same problem on MS Answers, and nothing had helped.

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• Windows Azure Directory Sync Generic Failure

  - by Armand

  Ok so I have a domain that I want to sync to Office365 but when I start the Windows Azure Active Directory Sync tool Configuration Wizard I get an error with the following details: System.Management.ManagementException: Generic failure at System.Management.ManagementException.ThrowWithExtendedInfo(ManagementStatus errorCode) at System.Management.ManagementObjectCollection.ManagementObjectEnumerator.MoveNext() at Microsoft.Online.DirSync.Common.MiisAction.GetTargetMA() at Microsoft.Online.DirSync.Common.MiisAction.IsSyncInProgress() at Microsoft.Online.DirSync.Common.PrerequisiteChecks.ThrowIfSyncInProgress() at Microsoft.Online.DirSync.UI.IntroductionWizardPage.PrerequisiteValidation() at Microsoft.Online.DirSync.UI.IntroductionWizardPage.OnLoad(EventArgs e) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.CreateControl(Boolean fIgnoreVisible) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.CreateControl(Boolean fIgnoreVisible) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.CreateControl(Boolean fIgnoreVisible) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.CreateControl(Boolean fIgnoreVisible) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.CreateControl() at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WmShowWindow(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.ControlNativeWindow.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.NativeWindow.Callback(IntPtr hWnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wparam, IntPtr lparam) I have searched far and wide to no avail, this happens before I can even enter any details. A few notes: The server is not the domain controller Sharepoint 2013 is installed on this server The account I log in with and run the application with is a domain and enterprise admin I right click and run as administrator when I start the application So when I click continue on the error and go through the steps I get two possible scenarios that change from time to time at now predictable rate: 1) I just get an error, generic failure. 2) I get an error "Cannot start service MSOnlineSyncScheduler on computer '.'." Any help?

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• virtualbox installing iso Error "could not find a valid v7 on sda"

  - by MountainX

  I decided to try this suggestion to install Android x86 on Virtual Box. I'm following those steps and I'm at #4. I used the android-x86-4.0-RC1-amd_brazos.iso (because I have a ThinkPad that this might be compatible with and it seemed as good as any of the other choices...) I'm getting an endless series of errors: .[numbers] VFS: could not find a valid v7 on sda. .[numbers] VFS: could not find a valid v7 on sda. repeating... For storage, I made a VDI image sized at 4.0 GB (dynamically allocated) attached on SATA Port 0. Background and more details: I'm running Kubuntu 12.04. I installed VirtualBox 4.1.12 after adding deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian precise contrib to my sources. EDIT: Now I'm wondering if I installed the right package. I verified that I'm running 4.1.12. But I installed it with apt-get install virtualbox instead of the recommended apt-get install virtualbox-4.1. I checked just now and see this: apt-cache search virtualbox virtualbox - x86 virtualization solution - base binaries virtualbox-4.1 - Oracle VM VirtualBox But when I run VirtualBox, I get the Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager version 4.1.12, so I think I'm OK. I did see one minor issue (possibly related to this question) when installing VB, but in my case I don't think it is actually an error at all: * No suitable module for running kernel found [fail] invoke-rc.d: initscript virtualbox, action "restart" failed. VirtualBox installed and seems to be running fine. I just can't get the ISO image to install. The error is as shown above.

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• Setting up PerformancePoint Services on Sharepoint 2010: connection errors

  - by Rik

  I have tried to setup PerformancePoint Services on SharePoint 2010, but every time I try to use the dashboard designer, I get this error: “An error has occurred attempting to contact the specified SharePoint site” I have tried these steps but it hasn't helped. Any ideas? The event log gives the following information: WebHost failed to process a request. Sender Information: System.ServiceModel.ServiceHostingEnvironment+HostingManager/24724999 Exception: System.ServiceModel.ServiceActivationException: The service '/_vti_bin/client.svc' cannot be activated due to an exception during compilation. The exception message is: This collection already contains an address with scheme http. There can be at most one address per scheme in this collection. Parameter name: item. --- System.ArgumentException: This collection already contains an address with scheme http. There can be at most one address per scheme in this collection. Parameter name: item at System.ServiceModel.UriSchemeKeyedCollection.InsertItem(Int32 index, Uri item) at System.Collections.Generic.SynchronizedCollection`1.Add(T item) at System.ServiceModel.UriSchemeKeyedCollection..ctor(Uri[] addresses) at System.ServiceModel.ServiceHost..ctor(Type serviceType, Uri[] baseAddresses) at System.ServiceModel.Activation.ServiceHostFactory.CreateServiceHost(Type serviceType, Uri[] baseAddresses) at System.ServiceModel.Activation.ServiceHostFactory.CreateServiceHost(String constructorString, Uri[] baseAddresses) at System.ServiceModel.ServiceHostingEnvironment.HostingManager.CreateService(String normalizedVirtualPath) at System.ServiceModel.ServiceHostingEnvironment.HostingManager.ActivateService(String normalizedVirtualPath) at System.ServiceModel.ServiceHostingEnvironment.HostingManager.EnsureServiceAvailable(String normalizedVirtualPath) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.ServiceModel.ServiceHostingEnvironment.HostingManager.EnsureServiceAvailable(String normalizedVirtualPath) at System.ServiceModel.ServiceHostingEnvironment.EnsureServiceAvailableFast(String relativeVirtualPath) Process Name: w3wp Process ID: 2576

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• Good bug tracking with Sharepoint?

  - by torbengb

  At my place of work, it has been decided to move many processes to Sharepoint. I'm now looking into how Sharepoint can be used for bug tracking (à la Mantis, FogBugz etc. but within Sharepoint). Specifically, we're using a collaboration room and the solution must work inside that. I know that I can create lists using an "Issue tracker" template, but it lacks workflow, integrated correspondence (like FogBugz), and audit log (any user can edit any field any time, without it being noted anywhere). That's not sufficient, so I am looking for "bigger" solutions but haven't yet found anything at all. This question is similar but aims at Helpdesk use; we aim at bug tracking and change requests to a system. I'm open to suggestions! As I'm not an administrator, I can't just grab a Sharepoint component and install it for testing. I'm looking for experiences, documentation, white papers, screen shots -- the actual downloadable will be relevant later. Ideally, some of these matters should be covered: Support for different ticket types (bug, feature, inquiry, internal task). Configurable workflow per ticket type, no fixed number of steps. Configurable read/write permissions per field and per workflow status. Configurable dashboard for managers with nice charts. Configurable email notifications. Correspondence à la FogBugz. (Challenge: we use Notes, not Exchange.)

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• WMI permissions: Select CommandLine, ProcessId FROM Win32_Process returns no data for CommandLine

  - by user57935

  Hi all, I am gathering performance data via WMI and would like to avoid having to use an account in the Administrators group for this purpose. The target machine is running Windows Server 2003 with the latest SP/updates. I've done what I believe to be the appropriate configuration to allow our user access to WMI (similar to what is described here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa393266.aspx). Here are the specific steps that were followed: Open Administrative Tools - Computer Management: Under Computer Management (Local) Expand Services and Applications, right click WMI Control and select properties. In the Security tab, expand Root, highlight CIMV2, click Security (near bottom of window); add Performance Monitor Users and enable the options : Enable Account and Remote Enable. ­Open Administrative Tools - Component Services: Under Console Root go to Component Services- Computers - Right click My Computer and select properties, select the COM security tab, in “Access Permissions” click "Edit Default" select(or add then select) “Performance Monitor Users” group and allow local access and remote access and click ok. In “Launch and Activation Permissions” click “Edit Default” select(or add then select) “Performance Monitor Users” group and allow Local and Remote Launch and Activation Permissions. ­Open Administrative Tools - Component Services: Under Console Root go to Component Services- Computers - My Computer - DCOM Config - highlight “Windows Management and Instrumentation” right click and select properties, Select the Security tab, Under “Launch and Activation Permissions” select Customize, then click edit, add the “Performance Users Group” and allow local and remote Remote Launch and Remote Activation privileges. I am able to connect remotely via WMI Explorer but when I perform this query: Select CommandLine, ProcessId FROM Win32_Process I get a valid result but every row has an empty CommandLine. If I add the user to the Administrators group and re-run the query, the CommandLine column contains the expected data. It seems there is a permission I am missing somewhere but I am not having much luck tracking it down. Many thanks in advance.

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