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• How should I architect a personal schedule manager that runs 24/7?

  - by Crawford Comeaux

  I've developed an ADHD management system for myself that's attempting to change multiple habits at once. I know this is counter to conventional wisdom, but I've tried the conventional for years & am now trying it my way. (just wanted to say that to try and prevent it from distracting people from the actual question) Anyway, I'd like to write something to run on a remote server that monitors me, helps me build/avoid certain habits, etc. What this amounts to is a system that: runs 24/7 may have multiple independent tasks to run at once may have tasks that require other tasks to run first lets tasks be scheduled by specific time, recurrence (ie. "run every 5 mins"), or interval (ie. "run from 2pm to 3pm") My first naive attempt at this was just a single PHP script scheduled to run every minute by cron (language was chosen in order to use a certain library, but no longer necessary). The logic behind when to run this or that portion of code got hairy pretty quick. So my question is how should I approach this from here? I'm not tied to any one language, though I'm partial to python/javascript. Thoughts: Could be done as a set of scripts that include a scheduling mechanism with one script per bit of logic...but the idea just feels wrong to me. Building it as a daemon could be helpful, but still unsure what to do about dozens of if-else statements for detecting the current time

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• Why do I need a framework?

  - by lvictorino

  First of all I know my question may sounds idiot but I am no "beginner". In fact I work as game developer for several years now and I know some things about code :) But as this is no related to game development I am a bit lost. I am writing a big script (something about GIS) in Python, using a lot of data stored in a database. I made a first version of my script, and now, I'd like to re-design the whole thing. I read some advice about using a framework (like Django) for database queries. But as my script only "SELECT" informations I was wondering about the real benefits to use a framework. It seems that it adds a lot of complexity and useless embedded features (useless for my specific script) for the benefits that it will bring. Am I wrong? EDIT: few spec of this "script". Its purpose is to get GIS data on an enormous database (if you ever worked with openstreetmap you know what I mean ~= 200Go) and to manipulate this data in order to produce nice map images. Queries are not numerous (select streets, select avenues, select waterways, select forests... and so on for a specific area) but query results may be more than 10.000 rows. I'd like to sell this script as a service, so yes it's meant to stay.

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• Quickly ubuntu-application + indicator template don't work

  - by aliasbody

  I've started to work with quickly and python (because I wanted to have some GTk3 integration and create and appindicator), and so I create the projecto like this : quickly create ubuntu-application ualarm cd ualarm quickly run And the application launched. But then I tried to add the appindicator like this : quickly add indicator And since then the application doesn't start anymore and this error appear : aliasbody@BodyUbuntu-PC:~/Projectos/ualarm$ quickly run (ualarm:8515): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gnome-panel.css:28:11: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gi/overrides/Gtk.py:391: Warning: g_object_set_property: construct property "type" for object `Window' can't be set after construction Gtk.Window.__init__(self, type=type, **kwds) Traceback (most recent call last): File "bin/ualarm", line 33, in <module> ualarm.main() File "/home/aliasbody/Projectos/ualarm/ualarm/__init__.py", line 33, in main window = UalarmWindow.UalarmWindow() File "/home/aliasbody/Projectos/ualarm/ualarm_lib/Window.py", line 35, in __new__ new_object.finish_initializing(builder) File "/home/aliasbody/Projectos/ualarm/ualarm/UalarmWindow.py", line 24, in finish_initializing super(UalarmWindow, self).finish_initializing(builder) File "/home/aliasbody/Projectos/ualarm/ualarm_lib/Window.py", line 75, in finish_initializing self.indicator = indicator.new_application_indicator(self) File "/home/aliasbody/Projectos/ualarm/ualarm/indicator.py", line 52, in new_application_indicator ind = Indicator(window) File "/home/aliasbody/Projectos/ualarm/ualarm/indicator.py", line 20, in __init__ self.indicator = AppIndicator3.Indicator('ualarm', '', AppIndicator3.IndicatorCategory.APPLICATION_STATUS) TypeError: GObject.__init__() takes exactly 0 arguments (3 given) How can I solve this problem ?

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• Completely unable to install python2.7-dev

  - by gath

  Am totally stuck! Am unable completely to install python2.7-dev on my Ubuntu13.04. I have tried all the tricks mentioned on this site (askubuntu.com) and many other sites on the web but still nothing! Am running Ubuntu 13.04 64bit on a virtualbox, but every time I run sudo apt-get install python2.7-dev, I get the following error; python2.7-dev : Depends: python2.7 (= 2.7.3-0ubuntu3.5) but 2.7.4-2ubuntu3 is to be installed Depends: libpython2.7 (= 2.7.3-0ubuntu3.5) but 2.7.4-2ubuntu3 is to be installed Depends: libexpat1-dev but it is not going to be installed Depends: libssl-dev but it is not going to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages. I've tried to do apt-get update, but still nothing! I've even tried installing Python2.7 from sources, but still nothing doing! Is there a single package with all the dependencies I can download, that can just install everything (Python2.7-dev) or is there another trick I can use to get the Python-dev headers installed on my machine. Hint: I've noticed when I run sudo apt-get update , somewhere along the updates I've seen some errors; ... Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release.gpg [198 B] Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring Release Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates Release Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports Release Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-security Release Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release [98.7 kB] Err http://extras.ubuntu.com raring/main Sources 404 Not Found Err http://extras.ubuntu.com raring/main amd64 Packages 404 Not Found Err http://extras.ubuntu.com raring/main i386 Packages 404 Not Found Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com raring/main Translation-en_US Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com raring/main Translation-en ... On my precise-updates.list file is a single entry; deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted I don't know if that might help Help! Paul

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• How can I make smoother upwards/downwards controls in pygame?

  - by Zolani13

  This is a loop I use to interpret key events in a python game. # Event Loop for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: pygame.quit() sys.exit() if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: if event.key == pygame.K_a: my_speed = -10; if event.key == pygame.K_d: my_speed = 10; if event.type == pygame.KEYUP: if event.key == pygame.K_a: my_speed = 0; if event.key == pygame.K_d: my_speed = 0; The 'A' key represents up, while the 'D' key represents down. I use this loop within a larger drawing loop, that moves the sprite using this: Paddle1.rect.y += my_speed; I'm just making a simple pong game (as my first real code/non-gamemaker game) but there's a problem between moving upwards <= downwards. Essentially, if I hold a button upwards (or downwards), and then press downwards (or upwards), now holding both buttons, the direction will change, which is a good thing. But if I then release the upward button, then the sprite will stop. It won't continue in the direction of my second input. This kind of key pressing is actually common with WASD users, when changing directions quickly. Few people remember to let go of the first button before pressing the second. But my program doesn't accommodate the habit. I think I understand the reason, which is that when I let go of my first key, the KEYUP event still triggers, setting the speed to 0. I need to make sure that if a key is released, it only sets the speed to 0 if another key isn't being pressed. But the interpreter will only go through one event at a time, I think, so I can't check if a key has been pressed if it's only interpreting the commands for a released key. This is my dilemma. I want set the key controls so that a player doesn't have to press one button at a time to move upwards <= downwards, making it smoother. How can I do that?

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• What are some good ways for an intermediate programmer to build skills?

  - by Jordan

  Preface: I work mostly in Python, and Web Dev languages (HTML, CSS, Javascript and Jquery, PHP) I'm proficient at coding but I want to get better. In larger more advanced projects my programming skills break down. The more code there is the more trouble I have fitting all the pieces together. I understand syntax well, and I can catch and correct errors fairly easier. But the more advanced it gets the more I struggle. I believe I have a good understand of the basic and nuts and bolts of programming and I understand what's going on, but when it comes to larger projects, especially ones with heavy math involved my confidence flags and I start making mistakes. It's not that I can't do it, I'm just not used to doing it. Does anyone have any advice for someone who knows programming, but wants to get better? The only tutorials I can really find are beginner basic type stuff. Basically what I'm saying is I want to be confident when I'm tackling advanced projects, but I can't because I have little experience dealing with difficult situations.

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• Complex string matching with fuzzywuzzy

  - by That1Guy

  I'm attempting to write a process that matches obscure strings to a single 'master string' for further processing. I have a lot of data that looks something like this: Basketball Basket Ball Football BasketBallR BBall BBall - r FootB ...and so on. These need to be mapped to a master record like so: Basketball = Basket Ball, BBall Basketball - R = BasketBallR, BBall - r I also have instances of data resembling this format: Football -r FootBall - r-g/H,Q,HH These situations need to be separated into different categories before being mapped. For example FootBall - r-g/H,Q,HH should be: Football - r Football - g Football - H Football - Q Football - HH At this point, it still needs to be mapped to a master record... I've tried several different combinations of fuzzywuzzy matching methods, Levenshtein Distance measurements, regex, etc. and can't seem to find a reliable method to logically associate different naming styles of a single item with a master name. I'm throwing my hands up in desperation. Are there any existing python resources than can help sort out my problem? Are there other options? Can anybody point out an obvious option that I might have overlooked? Basically, any suggestion, solution, resource or alternative method is greatly appreciated.

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• Are small amounts of functional programming understandable by non-FP people?

  - by kd35a

  Case: I'm working at a company, writing an application in Python that is handling a lot of data in arrays. I'm the only developer of this program at the moment, but it will probably be used/modified/extended in the future (1-3 years) by some other programmer, at this moment unknown to me. I will probably not be there directly to help then, but maybe give some support via email if I have time for it. So, as a developer who has learned functional programming (Haskell), I tend to solve, for example, filtering like this: filtered = filter(lambda item: included(item.time, dur), measures) The rest of the code is OO, it's just some small cases where I want to solve it like this, because it is much simpler and more beautiful according to me. Question: Is it OK today to write code like this? How does a developer that hasn't written/learned FP react to code like this? Is it readable? Modifiable? Should I write documentation like explaining to a child what the line does? # Filter out the items from measures for which included(item.time, dur) != True I have asked my boss, and he just says "FP is black magic, but if it works and is the most efficient solution, then it's OK to use it." What is your opinion on this? As a non-FP programmer, how do you react to the code? Is the code "googable" so you can understand what it does? I would love feedback on this :) Edit: I marked phant0m's post as answer, because he gives good advice on how to write the code in a more readable way, and still keep the advantages. But I would also like to recommend superM's post because of his viewpoint as a non-FP programmer.

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• How do I daemonify my daemon?

  - by jonobacon

  As part of the Ubuntu Accomplishments system I have a daemon that runs as well as a client that connects to it. The daemon is written in Python (using Twisted) and provides a dbus service and a means of processing requests from the clients. Right now the daemon is just a program I run before I run the client and it sets up the dbus service and provides an API that can be used by the clients. I want to transform this into something that can be installed and run as a system service for the user's session (e.g. starting on boot) and providing a means to start and stop it etc. The problem is, I am not sure what I need to do to properly daemonify it so it can run as this service. I wanted to ask if others can provide some guidance. Some things I need to ask: How can I treat it as a service that is run for the current user service (not a system service right now)? How do I ensure I can start, stop, and restart this session service? When packaging this, how do I ensure that it installs it as a service for the user's session and is started on login etc? In responding, if you can point me to specific examples or solutions I need to implement, that would be helpful. :-) Thanks! Jono

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• @staticmethod vs module-level function

  - by darkfeline

  This is not about @staticmethod and @classmethod! I know how staticmethod works. What I want to know is the proper use cases for @staticmethod vs. a module-level function. I've googled this question, and it seems there's some general agreement that module-level functions are preferred over static methods because it's more pythonic. Static methods have the advantage of being bound to its class, which may make sense if only that class uses it. However, in Python functionality is usually organized by module not class, so usually making it a module function makes sense too. Static methods can also be overridden by subclasses, which is an advantage or disadvantage depending on how you look at it. Although, static methods are usually "functionally pure" so overriding it may not be smart, but it may be convenient sometimes (though this may be one of those "convenient, but NEVER DO IT" kind of things only experience can teach you). Are there any general rule-of-thumbs for using either staticmethod or module-level functions? What concrete advantages or disadvantages do they have (e.g. future extension, external extension, readability)? If possible, also provide a case example.

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• How to go about designing an intermediate routing filter program to accept input and forward accordingly?

  - by phileaton

  My predicament: I designed an app, written in Python, to read my mail and check for messages that contain a certain digital signature. It opens these and looks for keywords. If the message contains these keywords, certain related functions area executed on the computer. It is a way I can control my computer from my cell phone without being there. I am still in the beginning stages and it can only currently remotely open and close applications/processes. The obvious issue is security risks. I hoped to spearhead that by requiring and checking for that digital signature. However, my issue comes when I'd like to make this program usable by multiple users. The idea is that the user will send keywords: username and password, for instance, to log into their personal email account and send messages to it to be parsed. Please ignore the security implications of sending non-encoded passwords through email. (Though if you could help me on that part I'd much appreciate it as well, but currently, that is not the scope of my question.) My issue is designing an intermediary process that will take an email/password to read an email and scan for those keywords. The issue is, that the program has to be accessing an email to read the email for the username/password! I have got myself into a loop and cannot figure out how to have this required intermediary program. I could just create an arbitrary email account and have that check for login-creds, but is there a better way of doing this than that? Also, is there a better way of communicating with a computer remotely than this? Especially if the computer is not a server and is behind a router with only a subnet ip? If I am asking this question in the wrong place, I deeply apologize. Any help would be much appreciated!

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• How to work with processes?

  - by Viesturs

  I have seen similar questions here, but I didn't get my answer. Maybe it's because I am new to all this and just don't understand. I want my app to work mostly as an indicator. And if user would start it again it would check if it is already running, if it is then give all the input data to that process and quit. So first I need to check if it is running. I saw the answer where you can make a file witch when the program starts and then check if it exists... But what if someone would delete it? Can't I just ask the OS if there is process named "myApp" or something? The next thing I don't really get is how to communicate with the process. How do I give it the input data and what is it going to do with it? Does it work just like starting a new app, through the main() method? I am trying to create this using Quickly. So it would be nice if you can give me some python examples or link to something like that.

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• Looking for some advice on the next steps to take [closed]

  - by mopsyd

  I am looking for some advice on the next step to take in development of my programming skills. I was directed here when asking this question on Stack Overflow. What I know already Have a solid grasp of xhtml, xml, php, javascript, MySQL, actionscript. Have a working knowledge of vb, and have a slight grasp of java from tinkering with a minecraft server. Some brief exposure to the Unreal Engine in college. Some skills with sql server, ms sql, office integration, etc. Also some knowledge of Asterix and PBX/VOIP. Been coding off and on since the age of 8 but I have no computer science education aside from what I have taught myself or learned from work/freelance. I work in OSX mostly, but can use/troubleshoot windows and ubuntu fluently also. Decent with both UNIX and DOS CLI. What I'm considering I'm looking to learn a scripting language to build web apps, help streamline my home server that I am building and run shell scripts. Being able to help code games later is a big plus. My Question Between java, ruby, perl, and python, which would be the best investment of my time considering what I already know and what direction I would like to take my skillset? What are good resources for your suggested direction? Thanks in advance.

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• What is the most effective approach to learn an unfamiliar complex program? [closed]

  - by bdroc

  Possible Duplicate: How do you dive into large code bases? I have quite a bit of experience with different programming languages and writing small and functional programs for a variety of purposes. My coding skills aren't what I have a problem with. In fact, I've written a decent web application from scratch for my startup. However, I have trouble jumping into unfamiliar applications. What's the most effective way to approach learning a new program's structure and/or architecture so that I can start attacking the code effectively? Are there useful tools for their respective languages (Python and Java are my two primary languages)? Should I be starting with just looking at function names or documentation? How do you veterans approach this problem? I find this has to be with minimal help from coworkers or contributors who are already familiar with the application and have better things to do than help me. I'd love to practice this skill in an open source project so any suggestions for starting points (maybe mildly complex) would be great too!

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• Why does Celery work in Python shell, but not in my Django views? (import problem)

  - by TIMEX

  I installed Celery (latest stable version.) I have a directory called /home/myuser/fable/jobs. Inside this directory, I have a file called tasks.py: from celery.decorators import task from celery.task import Task class Submitter(Task): def run(self, post, **kwargs): return "Yes, it works!!!!!!" Inside this directory, I also have a file called celeryconfig.py: BROKER_HOST = "localhost" BROKER_PORT = 5672 BROKER_USER = "abc" BROKER_PASSWORD = "xyz" BROKER_VHOST = "fablemq" CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = "amqp" CELERY_IMPORTS = ("tasks", ) In my /etc/profile, I have these set as my PYTHONPATH: PYTHONPATH=/home/myuser/fable:/home/myuser/fable/jobs So I run my Celery worker using the console ($ celeryd --loglevel=INFO), and I try it out. I open the Python console and import the tasks. Then, I run the Submitter. >>> import fable.jobs.tasks as tasks >>> s = tasks.Submitter() >>> s.delay("abc") <AsyncResult: d70d9732-fb07-4cca-82be-d7912124a987> Everything works, as you can see in my console [2011-01-09 17:30:05,766: INFO/MainProcess] Task tasks.Submitter[d70d9732-fb07-4cca-82be-d7912124a987] succeeded in 0.0398268699646s: But when I go into my Django's views.py and run the exact 3 lines of code as above, I get this: [2011-01-09 17:25:20,298: ERROR/MainProcess] Unknown task ignored: "Task of kind 'fable.jobs.tasks.Submitter' is not registered, please make sure it's imported.": {'retries': 0, 'task': 'fable.jobs.tasks.Submitter', 'args': ('abc',), 'expires': None, 'eta': None, 'kwargs': {}, 'id': 'eb5c65b4-f352-45c6-96f1-05d3a5329d53'} Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/myuser/mysite-env/lib/python2.6/site-packages/celery/worker/listener.py", line 321, in receive_message eventer=self.event_dispatcher) File "/home/myuser/mysite-env/lib/python2.6/site-packages/celery/worker/job.py", line 299, in from_message eta=eta, expires=expires) File "/home/myuser/mysite-env/lib/python2.6/site-packages/celery/worker/job.py", line 243, in __init__ self.task = tasks[self.task_name] File "/home/myuser/mysite-env/lib/python2.6/site-packages/celery/registry.py", line 63, in __getitem__ raise self.NotRegistered(str(exc)) NotRegistered: "Task of kind 'fable.jobs.tasks.Submitter' is not registered, please make sure it's imported." It's weird, because the celeryd client does show that it's registered, when I launch it. [2011-01-09 17:38:27,446: WARNING/MainProcess] Configuration -> . broker -> amqp://GOGOme@localhost:5672/fablemq . queues -> . celery -> exchange:celery (direct) binding:celery . concurrency -> 1 . loader -> celery.loaders.default.Loader . logfile -> [stderr]@INFO . events -> OFF . beat -> OFF . tasks -> . tasks.Decayer . tasks.Submitter Can someone help?

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• setup.py adding options (aka setup.py --enable-feature )

  - by pygabriel

  I'm looking for a way to include some feature in a python (extension) module in installation phase. In a practical manner: I have a python library that has 2 implementations of the same function, one internal (slow) and one that depends from an external library (fast, in C). I want that this library is optional and can be activated at compile/install time using a flag like: python setup.py install # (it doesn't include the fast library) python setup.py --enable-fast install I have to use Distutils, however all solution are well accepted!

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• Problem with urllib

  - by Eva

  I wrote this code: import urllib proxies = {'http': 'http://112.65.135.54:8080/'} opener = urllib.FancyURLopener(proxies) r = opener.open("http://www.python.org/") print r.read() and when I execute it this program works fine, and send for me source code of python.org But when i use this: import urllib proxies = {'http': 'http://80.176.245.196:1080/'} opener = urllib.FancyURLopener(proxies) r = opener.open("http://www.python.org/") print r.read() this program does not send me the source code of python.org What am I going to do?

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• How to install pip/easy_install on debian 6 for python3.2

  - by atomAltera

  I'm trying to install pip or setup tools form python 3.2 in debian 6. First case: apt-get install python3-pip...OK python3 easy_install.py webob Searching for webob Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/webob/ Reading http://webob.org/ Reading http://pythonpaste.org/webob/ Best match: WebOb 1.2.2 Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/W/WebOb/WebOb-1.2.2.zip#md5=de0f371b46554709ce5b93c088a11cae Processing WebOb-1.2.2.zip Traceback (most recent call last): File "easy_install.py", line 5, in <module> main() File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1931, in main with_ei_usage(lambda: File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1912, in with_ei_usage return f() File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1935, in <lambda> distclass=DistributionWithoutHelpCommands, **kw File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/distutils/core.py", line 148, in setup dist.run_commands() File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/distutils/dist.py", line 917, in run_commands self.run_command(cmd) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/distutils/dist.py", line 936, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 368, in run self.easy_install(spec, not self.no_deps) File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 608, in easy_install return self.install_item(spec, dist.location, tmpdir, deps) File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 638, in install_item dists = self.install_eggs(spec, download, tmpdir) File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 799, in install_eggs unpack_archive(dist_filename, tmpdir, self.unpack_progress) File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/archive_util.py", line 67, in unpack_archive driver(filename, extract_dir, progress_filter) File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/archive_util.py", line 154, in unpack_zipfile data = z.read(info.filename) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/zipfile.py", line 891, in read with self.open(name, "r", pwd) as fp: File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/zipfile.py", line 980, in open close_fileobj=not self._filePassed) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/zipfile.py", line 489, in __init__ self._decompressor = zlib.decompressobj(-15) AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'decompressobj' Second case: from http://pypi.python.org/pypi/distribute#installation-instructions python3 distribute_setup.py Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.28.tar.gz Extracting in /tmp/tmpv6iei2 Traceback (most recent call last): File "distribute_setup.py", line 515, in <module> main(sys.argv[1:]) File "distribute_setup.py", line 511, in main _install(tarball, _build_install_args(argv)) File "distribute_setup.py", line 73, in _install tar = tarfile.open(tarball) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/tarfile.py", line 1746, in open raise ReadError("file could not be opened successfully") tarfile.ReadError: file could not be opened successfully Third case: from http://pypi.python.org/pypi/distribute#installation-instructions tar -xzvf distribute-0.6.28.tar.gz cd distribute-0.6.28 python3 setup.py install Before install bootstrap. Scanning installed packages No setuptools distribution found running install running bdist_egg running egg_info writing distribute.egg-info/PKG-INFO writing top-level names to distribute.egg-info/top_level.txt writing dependency_links to distribute.egg-info/dependency_links.txt writing entry points to distribute.egg-info/entry_points.txt reading manifest file 'distribute.egg-info/SOURCES.txt' reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in' writing manifest file 'distribute.egg-info/SOURCES.txt' installing library code to build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg running install_lib running build_py copying distribute.egg-info/PKG-INFO -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying distribute.egg-info/SOURCES.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying distribute.egg-info/dependency_links.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying distribute.egg-info/entry_points.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying distribute.egg-info/top_level.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO creating 'dist/distribute-0.6.28-py3.2.egg' and adding 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' to it Traceback (most recent call last): File "setup.py", line 220, in <module> scripts = scripts, File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/distutils/core.py", line 148, in setup dist.run_commands() File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/distutils/dist.py", line 917, in run_commands self.run_command(cmd) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/distutils/dist.py", line 936, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "build/src/setuptools/command/install.py", line 73, in run self.do_egg_install() File "build/src/setuptools/command/install.py", line 93, in do_egg_install self.run_command('bdist_egg') File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command self.distribution.run_command(command) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/distutils/dist.py", line 936, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "build/src/setuptools/command/bdist_egg.py", line 241, in run dry_run=self.dry_run, mode=self.gen_header()) File "build/src/setuptools/command/bdist_egg.py", line 542, in make_zipfile z = zipfile.ZipFile(zip_filename, mode, compression=compression) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/zipfile.py", line 689, in __init__ "Compression requires the (missing) zlib module") RuntimeError: Compression requires the (missing) zlib module zlib1g-dev installed Help me please

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• A python random function acts differently when assigned to a list or called directly...

  - by Dror Hilman

  I have a python function that randomize a dictionary representing a position specific scoring matrix. for example: mat = { 'A' : [ 0.53, 0.66, 0.67, 0.05, 0.01, 0.86, 0.03, 0.97, 0.33, 0.41, 0.26 ] 'C' : [ 0.14, 0.04, 0.13, 0.92, 0.99, 0.04, 0.94, 0.00, 0.07, 0.23, 0.35 ] 'T' : [ 0.25, 0.07, 0.01, 0.01, 0.00, 0.04, 0.00, 0.03, 0.06, 0.12, 0.14 ] 'G' : [ 0.08, 0.23, 0.20, 0.02, 0.00, 0.06, 0.04, 0.00, 0.54, 0.24, 0.25 ] } The scambling function: def scramble_matrix(matrix, iterations): mat_len = len(matrix["A"]) pos1 = pos2 = 0 for count in range(iterations): pos1,pos2 = random.sample(range(mat_len), 2) #suffle the matrix: for nuc in matrix.keys(): matrix[nuc][pos1],matrix[nuc][pos2] = matrix[nuc][pos2],matrix[nuc][pos1] return matrix def print_matrix(matrix): for nuc in matrix.keys(): print nuc+"[", for count in matrix[nuc]: print "%.2f"%count, print "]" now to the problem... When I try to scramble a matrix directly, It's works fine: print_matrix(mat) print "" print_matrix(scramble_matrix(mat,10)) gives: A[ 0.53 0.66 0.67 0.05 0.01 0.86 0.03 0.97 0.33 0.41 0.26 ] C[ 0.14 0.04 0.13 0.92 0.99 0.04 0.94 0.00 0.07 0.23 0.35 ] T[ 0.25 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.14 ] G[ 0.08 0.23 0.20 0.02 0.00 0.06 0.04 0.00 0.54 0.24 0.25 ] A[ 0.41 0.97 0.03 0.86 0.53 0.66 0.33.05 0.67 0.26 0.01 ] C[ 0.23 0.00 0.94 0.04 0.14 0.04 0.07 0.92 0.13 0.35 0.99 ] T[ 0.12 0.03 0.00 0.04 0.25 0.07 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.14 0.00 ] G[ 0.24 0.00 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.23 0.54 0.02 0.20 0.25 0.00 ] but when I try to assign this scrambling to a list , it does not work!!! ... print_matrix(mat) s=[] for x in range(3): s.append(scramble_matrix(mat,10)) for matrix in s: print "" print_matrix(matrix) result: A[ 0.53 0.66 0.67 0.05 0.01 0.86 0.03 0.97 0.33 0.41 0.26 ] C[ 0.14 0.04 0.13 0.92 0.99 0.04 0.94 0.00 0.07 0.23 0.35 ] T[ 0.25 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.14 ] G[ 0.08 0.23 0.20 0.02 0.00 0.06 0.04 0.00 0.54 0.24 0.25 ] A[ 0.01 0.66 0.97 0.67 0.03 0.05 0.33 0.53 0.26 0.41 0.86 ] C[ 0.99 0.04 0.00 0.13 0.94 0.92 0.07 0.14 0.35 0.23 0.04 ] T[ 0.00 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.25 0.14 0.12 0.04 ] G[ 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.20 0.04 0.02 0.54 0.08 0.25 0.24 0.06 ] A[ 0.01 0.66 0.97 0.67 0.03 0.05 0.33 0.53 0.26 0.41 0.86 ] C[ 0.99 0.04 0.00 0.13 0.94 0.92 0.07 0.14 0.35 0.23 0.04 ] T[ 0.00 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.25 0.14 0.12 0.04 ] G[ 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.20 0.04 0.02 0.54 0.08 0.25 0.24 0.06 ] A[ 0.01 0.66 0.97 0.67 0.03 0.05 0.33 0.53 0.26 0.41 0.86 ] C[ 0.99 0.04 0.00 0.13 0.94 0.92 0.07 0.14 0.35 0.23 0.04 ] T[ 0.00 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.25 0.14 0.12 0.04 ] G[ 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.20 0.04 0.02 0.54 0.08 0.25 0.24 0.06 ] What is the problem??? Why the scrambling do not work after the first time, and all the list filled with the same matrix?!

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• How do I create a list or set object in a class in Python?

  - by Az

  For my project, the role of the Lecturer (defined as a class) is to offer projects to students. Project itself is also a class. I have some global dictionaries, keyed by the unique numeric id's for lecturers and projects that map to objects. Thus for the "lecturers" dictionary (currently): lecturer[id] = Lecturer(lec_name, lec_id, max_students) I'm currently reading in a white-space delimited text file that has been generated from a database. I have no direct access to the database so I haven't much say on how the file is formatted. Here's a fictionalised snippet that shows how the text file is structured. Please pardon the cheesiness. 0001 001 "Miyamoto, S." "Even Newer Super Mario Bros" 0002 001 "Miyamoto, S." "Legend of Zelda: Skies of Hyrule" 0003 002 "Molyneux, P." "Project Milo" 0004 002 "Molyneux, P." "Fable III" 0005 003 "Blow, J." "Ponytail" The structure of each line is basically proj_id, lec_id, lec_name, proj_name. Now, I'm currently reading the relevant data into the relevant objects. Thus, proj_id is stored in class Project whereas lec_name is a class Lecturer object, et al. The Lecturer and Project classes are not currently related. However, as I read in each line from the text file, for that line, I wish to read in the project offered by the lecturer into the Lecturer class; I'm already reading the proj_id into the Project class. I'd like to create an object in Lecturer called offered_proj which should be a set or list of the projects offered by that lecturer. Thus whenever, for a line, I read in a new project under the same lec_id, offered_proj will be updated with that project. If I wanted to get display a list of projects offered by a lecturer I'd ideally just want to use print lecturers[lec_id].offered_proj. My Python isn't great and I'd appreciate it if someone could show me a way to do that. I'm not sure if it's better as a set or a list, as well. Update After the advice from Alex Martelli and Oddthinking I went back and made some changes and tried to print the results. Here's the code snippet: for line in csv_file: proj_id = int(line[0]) lec_id = int(line[1]) lec_name = line[2] proj_name = line[3] projects[proj_id] = Project(proj_id, proj_name) lecturers[lec_id] = Lecturer(lec_id, lec_name) if lec_id in lecturers.keys(): lecturers[lec_id].offered_proj.add(proj_id) print lec_id, lecturers[lec_id].offered_proj The print lecturers[lec_id].offered_proj line prints the following output: 001 set([0001]) 001 set([0002]) 002 set([0003]) 002 set([0004]) 003 set([0005]) It basically feels like the set is being over-written or somesuch. So if I try to print for a specific lecturer print lec_id, lecturers[001].offered_proj all I get is the last the proj_id that has been read in.

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• Using GA in GUI

  - by AlexT

  Sorry if this isn't clear as I'm writing this on a mobile device and I'm trying to make it quick. I've written a basic Genetic Algorithm with a binary encoding (genes) that builds a fitness value and evolves through several iterations using tournament selection, mutation and crossover. As a basic command-line example it seems to work. The problem I've got is with applying a genetic algorithm within a GUI as I am writing a maze-solving program that uses the GA to find a method through a maze. How do I turn my random binary encoded genes and fitness function (add all the binary values together) into a method to control a bot around a maze? I have built a basic GUI in Java consisting of a maze of labels (like a grid) with the available routes being in blue and the walls being in black. To reiterate my GA performs well and contains what any typical GA would (fitness method, get and set population, selection, crossover, etc) but now I need to plug it into a GUI to get my maze running. What needs to go where in order to get a bot that can move in different directions depending on what the GA says? Rough pseudocode would be great if possible As requested, an Individual is built using a separate class (Indiv), with all the main work being done in a Pop class. When a new individual is instantiated an array of ints represent the genes of said individual, with the genes being picked at random from a number between 0 and 1. The fitness function merely adds together the value of these genes and in the Pop class handles selection, mutation and crossover of two selected individuals. There's not much else to it, the command line program just shows evolution over n generations with the total fitness improving over each iteration. EDIT: It's starting to make a bit more sense now, although there are a few things that are bugging me... As Adamski has suggested I want to create an "Agent" with the options shown below. The problem I have is where the random bit string comes into play here. The agent knows where the walls are and has it laid out in a 4 bit string (i.e. 0111), but how does this affect the random 32 bit string? (i.e. 10001011011001001010011011010101) If I have the following maze (x is the start place, 2 is the goal, 1 is the wall): x 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 If I turn left I'm facing the wrong way and the agent will move completely off the maze if it moves forward. I assume that the first generation of the string will be completely random and it will evolve as the fitness grows but I don't get how the string will work within a maze. So, to get this straight... The fitness is the result of when the agent is able to move and is by a wall. The genes are a string of 32 bits, split into 16 sets of 2 bits to show the available actions and for the robot to move the two bits need to be passed with four bits from the agent showings its position near the walls. If the move is to go past a wall the move isn't made and it is deemed invalid and if the move is made and if a new wall is found then the fitness goes up. Is that right?

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• How to add a constructor to a subclassed numeric type?

  - by abbot

  I want to subclass a numeric type (say, int) in python and give it a shiny complex constructor. Something like this: class NamedInteger(int): def __init__(self, value): super(NamedInteger, self).__init__(value) self.name = 'pony' def __str__(self): return self.name x = NamedInteger(5) print x + 3 print str(x) This works fine under Python 2.4, but Python 2.6 gives a deprecation warning. What is the best way to subclass a numeric type and to redefine constructors for builtin types in newer Python versions?

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• easy hex/float conversion

  - by yeus

  I am doing some input/output between a c++ and a python program (only floating point values) python has a nice feature of converting floating point values to hex-numbers and back as you can see in this link: http://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#additional-methods-on-float Is there an easy way in C++ to to something similar? and convert the python output back to C++ double/float? This way I would not have the problem of rounding errors when exchanging data between the two processes... thx for the answers!

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• Using pydev with Eclipse on OSX

  - by Sunit

  I setup PyDev with this path for the python interpreter /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/Python since the one under /usr/bin were alias and Eclipse won't select it. I can run my python script now but cannot run the shell as an external tool. The message I get is variable references empty selection ${resource_loc} Same if I use {container_loc} Any thoughts ? Sunit

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• Restricting joystick within a radius of center

  - by Phil

  I'm using Unity3d iOs and am using the example joysticks that came with one of the packages. It works fine but the area the joystick moves in is a rectangle which is unintuitive for my type of game. I can figure out how to see if the distance between the center and the current point is too far but I can't figure out how to constrain it to a certain distance without interrupting the finger tracking. Here's the relevant code: using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class Boundary { public Vector2 min = Vector2.zero; public Vector2 max = Vector2.zero; } public class Joystick : MonoBehaviour{ static private Joystick[] joysticks; // A static collection of all joysticks static private bool enumeratedJoysticks=false; static private float tapTimeDelta = 0.3f; // Time allowed between taps public bool touchPad; // Is this a TouchPad? public Rect touchZone; public Vector2 deadZone = Vector2.zero; // Control when position is output public bool normalize = false; // Normalize output after the dead-zone? public Vector2 position; // [-1, 1] in x,y public int tapCount; // Current tap count private int lastFingerId = -1; // Finger last used for this joystick private float tapTimeWindow; // How much time there is left for a tap to occur private Vector2 fingerDownPos; private float fingerDownTime; private float firstDeltaTime = 0.5f; private GUITexture gui; // Joystick graphic private Rect defaultRect; // Default position / extents of the joystick graphic private Boundary guiBoundary = new Boundary(); // Boundary for joystick graphic public Vector2 guiTouchOffset; // Offset to apply to touch input private Vector2 guiCenter; // Center of joystick private Vector3 tmpv3; private Rect tmprect; private Color tmpclr; public float allowedDistance; public enum JoystickType { movement, rotation } public JoystickType joystickType; public void Start() { // Cache this component at startup instead of looking up every frame gui = (GUITexture) GetComponent( typeof(GUITexture) ); // Store the default rect for the gui, so we can snap back to it defaultRect = gui.pixelInset; if ( touchPad ) { // If a texture has been assigned, then use the rect ferom the gui as our touchZone if ( gui.texture ) touchZone = gui.pixelInset; } else { // This is an offset for touch input to match with the top left // corner of the GUI guiTouchOffset.x = defaultRect.width * 0.5f; guiTouchOffset.y = defaultRect.height * 0.5f; // Cache the center of the GUI, since it doesn't change guiCenter.x = defaultRect.x + guiTouchOffset.x; guiCenter.y = defaultRect.y + guiTouchOffset.y; // Let's build the GUI boundary, so we can clamp joystick movement guiBoundary.min.x = defaultRect.x - guiTouchOffset.x; guiBoundary.max.x = defaultRect.x + guiTouchOffset.x; guiBoundary.min.y = defaultRect.y - guiTouchOffset.y; guiBoundary.max.y = defaultRect.y + guiTouchOffset.y; } } public void Disable() { gameObject.active = false; enumeratedJoysticks = false; } public void ResetJoystick() { if (joystickType != JoystickType.rotation) { //Don't do anything if turret mode // Release the finger control and set the joystick back to the default position gui.pixelInset = defaultRect; lastFingerId = -1; position = Vector2.zero; fingerDownPos = Vector2.zero; if ( touchPad ){ tmpclr = gui.color; tmpclr.a = 0.025f; gui.color = tmpclr; } } else { //gui.pixelInset = defaultRect; lastFingerId = -1; position = position; fingerDownPos = fingerDownPos; if ( touchPad ){ tmpclr = gui.color; tmpclr.a = 0.025f; gui.color = tmpclr; } } } public bool IsFingerDown() { return (lastFingerId != -1); } public void LatchedFinger( int fingerId ) { // If another joystick has latched this finger, then we must release it if ( lastFingerId == fingerId ) ResetJoystick(); } public void Update() { if ( !enumeratedJoysticks ) { // Collect all joysticks in the game, so we can relay finger latching messages joysticks = (Joystick[]) FindObjectsOfType( typeof(Joystick) ); enumeratedJoysticks = true; } //CHeck if distance is over the allowed amount //Get centerPosition //Get current position //Get distance //If over, don't allow int count = iPhoneInput.touchCount; // Adjust the tap time window while it still available if ( tapTimeWindow > 0 ) tapTimeWindow -= Time.deltaTime; else tapCount = 0; if ( count == 0 ) ResetJoystick(); else { for(int i = 0;i < count; i++) { iPhoneTouch touch = iPhoneInput.GetTouch(i); Vector2 guiTouchPos = touch.position - guiTouchOffset; bool shouldLatchFinger = false; if ( touchPad ) { if ( touchZone.Contains( touch.position ) ) shouldLatchFinger = true; } else if ( gui.HitTest( touch.position ) ) { shouldLatchFinger = true; } // Latch the finger if this is a new touch if ( shouldLatchFinger && ( lastFingerId == -1 || lastFingerId != touch.fingerId ) ) { if ( touchPad ) { tmpclr = gui.color; tmpclr.a = 0.15f; gui.color = tmpclr; lastFingerId = touch.fingerId; fingerDownPos = touch.position; fingerDownTime = Time.time; } lastFingerId = touch.fingerId; // Accumulate taps if it is within the time window if ( tapTimeWindow > 0 ) { tapCount++; print("tap" + tapCount.ToString()); } else { tapCount = 1; print("tap" + tapCount.ToString()); //Tell gameobject that player has tapped turret joystick if (joystickType == JoystickType.rotation) { //TODO: Call! } tapTimeWindow = tapTimeDelta; } // Tell other joysticks we've latched this finger foreach ( Joystick j in joysticks ) { if ( j != this ) j.LatchedFinger( touch.fingerId ); } } if ( lastFingerId == touch.fingerId ) { // Override the tap count with what the iPhone SDK reports if it is greater // This is a workaround, since the iPhone SDK does not currently track taps // for multiple touches if ( touch.tapCount > tapCount ) tapCount = touch.tapCount; if ( touchPad ) { // For a touchpad, let's just set the position directly based on distance from initial touchdown position.x = Mathf.Clamp( ( touch.position.x - fingerDownPos.x ) / ( touchZone.width / 2 ), -1, 1 ); position.y = Mathf.Clamp( ( touch.position.y - fingerDownPos.y ) / ( touchZone.height / 2 ), -1, 1 ); } else { // Change the location of the joystick graphic to match where the touch is tmprect = gui.pixelInset; tmprect.x = Mathf.Clamp( guiTouchPos.x, guiBoundary.min.x, guiBoundary.max.x ); tmprect.y = Mathf.Clamp( guiTouchPos.y, guiBoundary.min.y, guiBoundary.max.y ); //Check distance float distance = Vector2.Distance(new Vector2(defaultRect.x, defaultRect.y), new Vector2(tmprect.x, tmprect.y)); float angle = Vector2.Angle(new Vector2(defaultRect.x, defaultRect.y), new Vector2(tmprect.x, tmprect.y)); if (distance < allowedDistance) { //Ok gui.pixelInset = tmprect; } else { //This is where I don't know what to do... } } if ( touch.phase == iPhoneTouchPhase.Ended || touch.phase == iPhoneTouchPhase.Canceled ) ResetJoystick(); } } } if ( !touchPad ) { // Get a value between -1 and 1 based on the joystick graphic location position.x = ( gui.pixelInset.x + guiTouchOffset.x - guiCenter.x ) / guiTouchOffset.x; position.y = ( gui.pixelInset.y + guiTouchOffset.y - guiCenter.y ) / guiTouchOffset.y; } // Adjust for dead zone float absoluteX = Mathf.Abs( position.x ); float absoluteY = Mathf.Abs( position.y ); if ( absoluteX < deadZone.x ) { // Report the joystick as being at the center if it is within the dead zone position.x = 0; } else if ( normalize ) { // Rescale the output after taking the dead zone into account position.x = Mathf.Sign( position.x ) * ( absoluteX - deadZone.x ) / ( 1 - deadZone.x ); } if ( absoluteY < deadZone.y ) { // Report the joystick as being at the center if it is within the dead zone position.y = 0; } else if ( normalize ) { // Rescale the output after taking the dead zone into account position.y = Mathf.Sign( position.y ) * ( absoluteY - deadZone.y ) / ( 1 - deadZone.y ); } } } So the later portion of the code handles the updated position of the joystick thumb. This is where I'd like it to track the finger position in a direction it still is allowed to move (like if the finger is too far up and slightly to the +X I'd like to make sure the joystick is as close in X and Y as allowed within the radius) Thanks for reading!

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