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• What services does hosts.allow NOT affect?

  - by Jed Daniels

  I know that hosts.allow and host.deny only affect things that are tcpwrappered, but what does this mean in practice? It seems that most people use hosts.allow to handle ssh and nfs blocking, but what other services are typically handled there? And what services AREN'T typically handled there? Edit: ok, I realize I did a terrible job of explaining what I was after. No, I'm not interested in knowing if a particular service can be handled by hosts.allow, I want to know if a service will be handled. For example, if I do an lsof -i, I get a nice list of things that are listening for connections to my box. I want to know which ones will be affected if I go stick an entry into hosts.allow (well, I really want to know which ones won't be affected).

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• Ubuntu server very slow out of the blue sky (Rails, passenger, nginx)

  - by snitko

  I run Ubuntu server 8.04 on Linode with multiple Rails apps under Passenger + nginx. Today I've noticed it takes quite a lot of time to load a page (5-10 secs). And it's not only websites, ssh seems to be affected too. Having no clue why this may be happening, I started to check different things. I checked how the log files are rotated, I checked if there's enough free disk space and memory. I also checked IO rate, here's the output: $ iostat avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.17 0.00 0.02 0.57 0.16 99.07 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn xvda 2.25 39.50 16.08 147042 59856 xvdb 0.00 0.05 0.00 192 0 xvdc 2.20 25.93 24.93 96530 92808 xvdd 0.01 0.12 0.00 434 16 xvde 0.04 0.23 0.35 858 1304 xvdf 0.37 0.31 4.12 1162 15352 Rebooting didn't help either. Any ideas where should I be looking?

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• How can I secure Postgres for remote access when not in a private network?

  - by orokusaki

  I have a database server on a VMWare VM (Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS server), and it just occurred to me that the server is accessible via the web, since the same physical server contains a VM that hosts public websites. My iptables in the database are such that only SSH traffic, loopback traffic, and TCP on port 5432 are allowed. I will only allow host access to the Postgres server from the IP of the other VM on the same physical machine. Does this seem sufficient for security, assuming there aren't gaping holes in my general OS configuration, or is Postgres one of those services that should never be web facing, (assuming there are some of "those"). Will I need to use hostssl instead of host in my pg_hba.conf, even though the data will travel only on my own network, presumably?

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• Can I recover a nano process from a previous terminal?

  - by davidparks21

  My system crashed while I was in a nano session with unsaved changes. When I log back in via SSH I see the nano process still running when I do a ps. davidparks21@devdb1:/opt/frugg_batch$ ps -ef | grep nano 1001 31714 29481 0 18:32 pts/0 00:00:00 nano frugg_batch_processing 1001 31905 31759 0 19:16 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nano davidparks21@devdb1:/opt/frugg_batch$ Is there a way I can bring the nano process back under my control in the new terminal? Or any way to force it to save remotely (from my new terminal)?

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• FreeNX 0.7.3 under CentOS 6.3 - Negotiating link parameters

  - by Frank

  since some days I try to get freenx (CentOS package 0.7.3) running under CentOS 6.3. It is like found on many websites: First login is successfull, after that all login attempts fail with the negotiation error. A simple ssh with the same username to the server is successful. For the installation I followed the howTo on http://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/FreeNX Strange is that the changelog of FreeNX 0.7.3 tells that this bug was fixed. Has anybody been successful in running FreeNX under CentOS without this problem and knows how to fix it? Frank

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• Distributing entropy to virtual machines.

  - by Louis

  Dear All, I'm interested in generating secret keys for SSL on virtual machines using true randomness. By true randomness I mean the same level of entropy that can be generated by UNIX's dev/random and entropy gathering daemon (EGD). Is there a "general knowledge" recipe to route entropy from the physical layer to the virtual machines via the hypervisor regardless of the Hypervisor/Guest OS combination? Example: suppose one "hypervises" with VMware VSphere and instantiates Windows Guest OS. Can this hypervisor collect entropy from its peripherals (like dev/random/ would) and distribute it to these guest Windows OS? When considering the big vendors (VMware, Hyper-V, Citrix, etc), do they have entropy pools that gather entropy that can easily be pushed to their respective virtual machines? Louis

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• My Mac is slow but don't know what's slowing it down

  - by duality_

  My Mac (Macbook Pro) is sometimes slow doing basic tasks, like browsing the web or something like that. If I open Activity Monitor, I have (maybe) one program that is about 10 % CPU, others are below 1 %. My CPU usage is not full. I still have more than 2 GB of free memory (out of 5 GB). There is no heavy I/O activity like copying files. My open programs are Google Chrome (6 tabs, none of which are in some way (flash, many DOM objects, Javascript) have IMO, except maybe Gmail), Activity Monitor, Finder, Sublime Text 2 (text editor) and iTerm (terminal). What is causing the slowdown? "Slow" being: taking time to write these characters (I press the keyboard keys but there is a delay before I see them on the screen), changing tabs or programs, etc.

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• How do I use a virtualbox guest machine as a gateway?

  - by Igor Zinov'yev

  I have a certain problem. I am working on an Ubuntu machine, but I have to use a windows 2003 server guest to connect to a Stonegate VPN to be able to manage our client's website. I have already asked if I could connect to a Stonegate VPN in Ubuntu, but so far got no answer. And I couldn't connect to it using network manager's strongswan plugin. So I want to use my guest Win2003 as a gateway to be able to SSH to the remote server. Is that possible? Thank you very much in advance, if this is possible in any way, it will save me a lot of trouble!

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• How to confirm php enabled on ubuntu server

  - by Shishant

  Hello, I am not much into linux. I am trying to setup a server through ssh. I installed apache php and mysql through this command. sudo aptitude install apache2 php5-mysql libapache2-mod-php5 mysql-server but I think php is not enabled on the server. when I run command I receive response as below $ which apache2ctl /usr/sbin/apache2ctl but when i check $ which php i receive no response. $ locate php5 /etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/php5 /usr/share/ubuntu-serverguide/html/C/php5.html available apache2 modules aptitude package manager

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• Running game server and webserver on EC2

  - by mazzzzz

  Hey guys, I have a webhost, and an EC2 server (to run a game server on). The problem is that I want to access/modify the EC2's files with php admin programs. I looked into a lot of options to just have the webhost communicate with the EC2 server (ssh, etc), but none of them panned out. My question is if I were to install a lightweight webserver (think lighttpd) on my EC2 server, how badly would it hurt the game server's performance? I was leaning away from this solution, even though the webserver (on the EC2 server) wouldn't get many hits (less than a 100 a day). Thanks for your thoughts, Max

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• Passing all traffic through Cloudflare

  - by Nick

  I am new to Linux System Administration and I am experimenting with iptables trying to learn how to really lock down a system with them. And one thing a friend of mine recommended was that there was a way to pass all incoming traffic through Cloudflare so even if attackers resolved the server ip they still couldn't (D)dos it directly. This is exactly what they said: "Simply config your servers iptables to only allow incoming connections from CloudFlares IP ranges then set it to allow only your IP/IP range to connect on port 21 (SSH)" Could someone help me on what command I'd need to run for Ubuntu to get this effect?

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• Send option/alt key press to OS X connected from Windows via VNC?

  - by sohocoke

  I recently started using a mac running Leopard Server remotely at work, using the RealVNC client to connect from my Windows XP workstation via the Leopard VNC server. As I need to do a fair amount of editing, I would like to have the keys mapped to the same positions as the macs I have been using for a long time. The Ctrl key works as Ctrl, and the Alt key works as Cmd, which is good, but I have had no success getting the Windows logo key to work as Option/Alt. It's seriously affecting my productivity in XCode and Terminal. Has anybody with the same setup solved this question, either by configuring Windows and/or the VNC client, or otherwise?

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• CentOS PAM+LDAP login and host attribute

  - by pianisteg

  My system is CentOS 6.3, openldap is configured well, PAM authorization works fine. But after turning pam_check_host_attr to yes, all LDAP-auths fail with message "Access denied for this host". hostname on the server returns correct value, the same value is listed in user's profile. "pam_check_host_attr no" works fine and allows everyone with correct uid/password a piece of /var/log/secure: Sep 26 05:33:01 ldap sshd[1588]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=my-host user=my-username Sep 26 05:33:01 ldap sshd[1588]: Failed password for my-username from 77.AA.BB.CC port 58528 ssh2 Sep 26 05:33:01 ldap sshd[1589]: fatal: Access denied for user my-username by PAM account configuration Another two servers (CentOS 5.7 Debian) authorizes on this LDAP server correctly. Even with pam_check_host_attr yes! I didn't edit /etc/security/access.conf, it is empty, only default comments. I don't know what to do! How to fix this?

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• bash script - spawn, send, interact - commands not found error

  - by Sandeepan Nath

  I my shell script, I am trying to remove password prompt for scp command (as given in http://stackoverflow.com/questions/459182/using-expect-to-pass-a-password-to-ssh/459225#459225) and this is what I have so far :- #!/usr/bin/expect spawn scp $DESTINATION_PATH/exam.tar $SSH_CREDENTIALS':/'$PROJECT_INSTALLATION_PATH expect "password:" send $sshPassword"\n"; interact On running the script, I am getting errors spawn: command not found send: command not found interact: command not found I was also getting error expect: command not found also, then I realised the path to expect was not correct and expect was not installed at all. So, I did yum install expect, corrected the path and the error was gone. But not able to remove the other 3 errors still.

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• Hostname problems in CentOS 5.5

  - by spoon16

  I just set up a CentOS 5.5 machine on my local network and attempted to modify the hostname by editing /etc/sysconfig/network file. When I'm logged in locally the change to the hostname is reflected and seems to be working fine. When I open a SSH session via PuTTY from Windows this is what I see at the prompt: [root@? ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING=yes NETWORKING_IPV6=yes HOSTNAME=mini.local [root@? ~]# sysctl kernel.hostname kernel.hostname = ? [root@? ~]# hostname ? [root@? ~]# hostname -f hostname: Unknown server error A couple of other symptoms that may be helpful in troubleshooting this problem. I can ping the CentOS box from my Windows machine via IP but not hostname. Also, my Netgear router does not display the hostname when I view the "Connected Devices", I do see the mac address and the proper IP listed though. How can I make it so that the hostname is properly propagated throughout my network?

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• How can I practice with a full set of characters in KTouch?

  - by Josh

  I originally used KTouch to learn Qwerty touch typing, but found it too stressful on the hands. Hearing about Dvorak, I decided I'd switch to that (still using a Qwerty keyboard, but with the keys mapped differently). Since the keyboard is physically displaying a Qwerty layout, I cannot look at the keyboard for hints, making it very hard to type characters that I am unfamiliar with. Unfortunately, KTouch only covers letters, not punctuation and other symbols. Where can I find a lecture that covers all, or most of, the characters on a keyboard?

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• Decrypting Windows XP encrypted files from an old disk

  - by Uri Cohen

  I had an old Windows XP machine with an encrypted directory. When moving to a new Win7 machine I connected the old disk as a slave in the new machine, and hence cannot access the encrypted files. Chances don't seem good as documentation warns you: "Do not Delete or Rename a User's account from which will want to Recover the Encrypted Files. You will not be able to de-crypt the files using the steps outlined above." On the other hand, I have full access to the machine, so maybe there's a utility which can extract the keys and use the to decrypt the files... BTW, I didn't have a password in the old machine, if it's relevant. Ideas, anyone? Thanks!

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• DNSHost.exe trojan found, now after fix, no one can print

  - by Matt Dawdy

  What started today as an inability to get to the internet (but people could get in just fine), morphed to we realized that the DNS Server wasn't working, then we figured out that we had a trojan called DNSHost.exe (spybot.rl I think), and we disabled its service entry and deleted the offending file and all registry keys told to use by the Trend Micro site. Now, we can get on the internet, but the printer being served by this machine (called server2) cannot be printed to from any client machine on the network. We get the error "The RPC Server is unavailable". I'm assuming that this is related to the DNS issue we had earlier, as we were able to print just fine until this fun happiness started this morning. Anyone have any solid suggestions? Windows Server 2003 R2 SP2, and the client machine are all Windows XP SP2.

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• How is my password sent across when I check gmails/access bank site [closed]

  - by learnerforever

  What encryption is used when my password is sent across in gmails/when I do online banking? RSA? DSA? Public-private key encryption?. In key encryption, which entity is assigned a public/private key? Does each unique machine with unique MAC address has a unique public/private key? Does each instance of browser have unique key? Does each user have unique private/public key? How does session key come into picture? How do machines receive their keys?

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• Delay at Windows Log On Screen

  - by Ryan Elkins

  I'm getting a delay when entering my password at the log on screen in Windows 7. What I mean is that I can select the text box but pressing keys does nothing. I had this problem initially on this computer with Vista installed - when I reformatted and installed Windows 7 the problem went away - but over the weeks it is slowly coming back (the delay seems to be getting longer). Any clues as to why this is happening and how I can fix it? It currently takes about 4-8 seconds before it will accept keyboard input.

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• How to clone and deploy multiple machines?

  - by Mimi

  Hi, See what I wanna do is basically make bootable clones or disc images or whatever(let's call it "stuff" for now ) and store many of them in a single big HDD. Then, I wanna use that big HDD and the "stuff" in it to be able to deploy new machines without the hassle of reinstalling Windows and whatnot(i.e. I do not want to restore nor simply clone a same machine, I literally want to use clones to save time during machine set up). Obviously I'd deploy the "stuff" onto an HDD going into a machine that I know the hardware of to avoid driver issues and whatnot. I alos have enough Windows keys to deal with the multiple activations. I tried using Acronis True Image but it doesn't seem to do what I want(unless idk how to use it properly). Any advice is welcome thanks :)

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• How do I Connect a 30yr-old Tandy 1400LT laptop to the internet?

  - by Clemens Bergmann

  Just for the fun of it, I want to get an old Tandy 1400LT laptop: small monochrome display two floppy drives rs-232c connector "printer" connector connect the thing the internet and use it as an ssh terminal. How would I connect it to the internet? The software should be no problem as it is a 386 hardware. There should be a small linux distribution which can be run on it. But how would I phisically connect the hardware? It has no ethernet port. Has someone experience with Serial/Paralel-to-ethernet converters?

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• Windows Server 2012 Essentials - Trying to setup "Anywhere Access" but the "Computer Access" list for users is blank

  - by tetranz

  I have a new installation of Windows Server 2012 Essentials and I'm trying to setup "Anywhere Access" for both VPN and remote desktop. The basic setup is all working. Shared folders is working but remote desktop has no computers available. On the server, if I edit a user with the Essentials Dashboard and go to "Computer access", the list is empty. The desktop computers have been joined to the domain. I can see them in AD under "Computers". I think our mistake was that we didn't use the connector tool to join the domain. We moved from a previous domain and went to Computer / Properties, changed the domain and started with a new profile. Is there something I can do now to make these desktops available for remote desktop? I can access a desktop directly no problem by going directly to it with the RDP client on port 3389. I do that from the outside world through an SSH tunnel.

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• PERC 5/i Enable alarm on disks failures

  - by Andy M

  I'm trying to enable one the alarm of my server's raid controller PERC 5/i. Using this documentation, under the chapter Audible Alarm Warnings, it's explained that enabling an audible alarm is allowed in order to quickly spot failures on my hard disks. My trouble is that when entering the disk controller configuration (Ctrl+R at boot time), I'm able to set up lot of things but I cannot navigate to Enable Audible Alarm. I have : Enable Controller BIOS Enable Alarm Enable BIOS stop on Error I can navigate with my arrow keys to both the first and third items, but I cannot navigate to or select the second! It's not greyed out, and seems like I should be able to select go on this entry, but my cursor keep skipping it. Any ideas about what I'm missing here?

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• Steps to take when technical staff leave

  - by Tom O'Connor

  How do you handle the departure process when privileged or technical staff resign / get fired? Do you have a checklist of things to do to ensure the continuing operation / security of the company's infrastructure? I'm trying to come up with a nice canonical list of things that my colleagues should do when I leave (I resigned a week ago, so I've got a month to tidy up and GTFO). So far I've got: Escort them off the premises Delete their email Inbox (set all mail to forward to a catch-all) Delete their SSH keys on server(s) Delete their mysql user account(s) ... So, what's next. What have I forgotten to mention, or might be similarly useful? (endnote: Why is this off-topic? I'm a systems administrator, and this concerns continuing business security, this is definitely on-topic.)

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