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  • c++ use of winmain()

    - by Jack
    Hi, I just started learning programming for windows in c++. I had this crazy image, that win32 programming is based on calling windows functions and sending parameters to and from them. Like, when you want to create window, you call some win32 function that handles windows GUI and say "Hi, please, create me new window, 100 x 100 px, with two buttons", and that GUI function says "Hi, no problem, when something happends, like user clicks one button, I will change this variable xy located in this location". So, I thought that it will be very similiar to console programming. But the very first instruction surprised me. I always thought that every program executes main() function first. So, when I launch app, windows stores some parameters on top of stack and run that application. So I assumed that initializing main() is just a c++ way to tell the compiler where the first instruction should be. But in win32 programming, there is function called winmain() which starts first. So I am little confused. I thought it´s rule that compiler must have main() to start with, that main just defines where ti start, like some start point identifier. So, please, why is there winmain() function instead of main()? When I thought that C++ programming is as logical as assembler, it confuses me once again.

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  • c++ use of winmain()

    - by Jack
    Hi, I just started learning programming for windows in c++. I had this crazy image, that win32 programming is based on calling windows functions and sending parameters to and from them. Like, when you want to create window, you call some win32 function that handles windows GUI and say "Hi, please, create me new window, 100 x 100 px, with two buttons", and that GUI function says "Hi, no problem, when something happends, like user clicks one button, I will change this variable xy located in this location". So, I thought that it will be very similiar to console programming. But the very first instruction surprised me. I always thought that every program executes main() function first. So, when I launch app, windows stores some parameters on top of stack and run that application. So I assumed that initializing main() is just a c++ way to tell the compiler where the first instruction should be. But in win32 programming, there is function called winmain() which starts first. So I am little confused. I thought it´s rule that compiler must have main() to start with, that main just defines where ti start, like some start point identifier. So, please, why is there winmain() function instead of main()? When I thought that C++ programming is as logical as assembler, it confuses me once again.

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  • Can an algorithmic process ever give true random numbers ?

    - by Arkapravo
    I have worked with random functions in python,ruby, MATLAB, Bash and Java. Nearly every programming language has a function to generate Random numbers. However, these apparently random sequences are termed as pseudo-random number sequences as the generation follows a deterministic approach, and the sequence seems to repeat (usually with a very large period). My question, can an algorithmic/programming process ever yield true random numbers ? The questions probably is more of theoretical computer science than just programming !

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  • Is OOP based on any branch of mathematics?

    - by ektrules
    I know relational databases are based on set-theory, functional programming is based on lambda calculus, logic programming is based on logic (of course :)), and now that I think of it; I'm not sure if imperative and generic programming is based on any particular branch of mathematics either.

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  • Write a network simulator for fun

    - by Jono
    I want to write my own network simulator, for fun and for personal challenge. I hope to learn both new programming techniques, and a little bit more about networking. Previous object-oriented attempts ended very quickly, but I've recently downloaded and played with Microsoft's Axum (a new version was released today) and their Concurrency and Co-ordination Runtime. As I come from a very OO dominant background, I had never heard of Actor-oriented programming before; now it seems I've had my head in the sand until Scala and F# brought the paradigm to me. My questions are: a) is actor-oriented programming a better choice than object-oriented programming for this task, and if so b) where is a good place to start learning actor-oriented design?

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  • How to avoid becoming a programmer while still beign closely involved with computer science/Industry

    - by WeShallOvercome
    I am studying computer science (A masters at an Ivy league), however most of the jobs i find involve way too much of programming. And frankly programming is not an issue, however programming without a meaning (read financial institution (non trading), other non mainstream jobs) bore me to death! I dont want to end up becoming a .NET,C#, Java kind of programmer. Can someone tell where i should look for jobs if i wish to do some real computer science work such as Machine Learning etc. I don't mind programming but becoming a Financial Software dev at Bloomeberg or an SDET at Microsoft isn't actually one of my goals. [note: I have interviewed for intern both positions listed above, and thankfully i got an intern for a data mining position in a top 750 Alexa rank web company] Sorry if angered anyone with a subjective question

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  • How to generalize a method call in Java (to avoid code duplication)

    - by dln385
    I have a process that needs to call a method and return its value. However, there are several different methods that this process may need to call, depending on the situation. If I could pass the method and its arguments to the process (like in Python), then this would be no problem. However, I don't know of any way to do this in Java. Here's a concrete example. (This example uses Apache ZooKeeper, but you don't need to know anything about ZooKeeper to understand the example.) The ZooKeeper object has several methods that will fail if the network goes down. In this case, I always want to retry the method. To make this easy, I made a "BetterZooKeeper" class that inherits the ZooKeeper class, and all of its methods automatically retry on failure. This is what the code looked like: public class BetterZooKeeper extends ZooKeeper { private void waitForReconnect() { // logic } @Override public Stat exists(String path, Watcher watcher) { while (true) { try { return super.exists(path, watcher); } catch (KeeperException e) { // We will retry. } waitForReconnect(); } } @Override public byte[] getData(String path, boolean watch, Stat stat) { while (true) { try { return super.getData(path, watch, stat); } catch (KeeperException e) { // We will retry. } waitForReconnect(); } } @Override public void delete(String path, int version) { while (true) { try { super.delete(path, version); return; } catch (KeeperException e) { // We will retry. } waitForReconnect(); } } } (In the actual program there is much more logic and many more methods that I took out of the example for simplicity.) We can see that I'm using the same retry logic, but the arguments, method call, and return type are all different for each of the methods. Here's what I did to eliminate the duplication of code: public class BetterZooKeeper extends ZooKeeper { private void waitForReconnect() { // logic } @Override public Stat exists(final String path, final Watcher watcher) { return new RetryableZooKeeperAction<Stat>() { @Override public Stat action() { return BetterZooKeeper.super.exists(path, watcher); } }.run(); } @Override public byte[] getData(final String path, final boolean watch, final Stat stat) { return new RetryableZooKeeperAction<byte[]>() { @Override public byte[] action() { return BetterZooKeeper.super.getData(path, watch, stat); } }.run(); } @Override public void delete(final String path, final int version) { new RetryableZooKeeperAction<Object>() { @Override public Object action() { BetterZooKeeper.super.delete(path, version); return null; } }.run(); return; } private abstract class RetryableZooKeeperAction<T> { public abstract T action(); public final T run() { while (true) { try { return action(); } catch (KeeperException e) { // We will retry. } waitForReconnect(); } } } } The RetryableZooKeeperAction is parameterized with the return type of the function. The run() method holds the retry logic, and the action() method is a placeholder for whichever ZooKeeper method needs to be run. Each of the public methods of BetterZooKeeper instantiates an anonymous inner class that is a subclass of the RetryableZooKeeperAction inner class, and it overrides the action() method. The local variables are (strangely enough) implicitly passed to the action() method, which is possible because they are final. In the end, this approach does work and it does eliminate the duplication of the retry logic. However, it has two major drawbacks: (1) it creates a new object every time a method is called, and (2) it's ugly and hardly readable. Also I had to workaround the 'delete' method which has a void return value. So, here is my question: is there a better way to do this in Java? This can't be a totally uncommon task, and other languages (like Python) make it easier by allowing methods to be passed. I suspect there might be a way to do this through reflection, but I haven't been able to wrap my head around it.

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  • All email directed to 3rd party vendor except for one specific domain. How?

    - by jherlitz
    So we setup a site to site vpn tunnel with another company. We then proceeded to setup a DNS zone on each others dns servers and entered in each others Mail server name and IP, MX record and WWW record. This allowed us to send emails to each others mail servers through the site to site vpn. Now recently the other company started using MX Logic to scan all outbound and incoming mail. So all outbound email is directed to MX Logic. However we still want email between us to travel across the the Site to Site VPN tunnel. How can we specify that to happen for just one domain not to be directed to MX Logic? Stump on both ends and looking for help.

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  • PC to Macbook Pro Transition - Getting (re)started?

    - by Torus Linvald
    I'm in my second computer science course right now. I've enjoyed programming so far, but really have just scraped my way by. I've not done much programming outside of required class work. For similar reasons, I never really invested in downloading/learning software to help me program (IDE's, editors, compilers, etc). I know it sounds tedious, but my current setup is: notepad++ for coding; Filezilla to transfer .cpp & .h files to school's aludra/unix and compiling; unix tells me where my bugs are and I go back to notepad++ to debug; repeat until done. This isn't fun - and I know it could be easier. But I put it off knowing that I was soon going to switch to a Mac. And, tomorrow, I'm switching. So... How should I set up my Macbook for the best programming experience? What IDEs and editors and debuggers and so on should I download? How will Mac programming differ from PC? I'm open to all ideas and comments, even the most basic. (Background - I'm learning/programming in C++ right now. Next semester, my classes switch to Java. I'm also going to take a class in web development, with HTML/CSS/Javascript/PHP. My new laptop will be a late 2009 Macbook Pro with Leopard, or maybe Snow Leopard. Free would be preferrable for all programs.) Thank you all.

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  • Yet another question about C++ books..

    - by suicideducky
    Intro rant Hey all, so after just over a year of browsing I decided it's time to ask a question for myself, it's sadly similar to many that have been asked before. I'm 18, am studying towards a BSc in Comp SCi and have been programming 'on and off' for about 6 years now, after wrestling with C++ for a bit then stumbling upon (and reading cover to cover) "Programming: Principles and Practice Using C++" by the great man himself I feel pretty comfortable with C++, I am almost finished writing my first open source program in C++ (a mediawiki parser, http://code.google.com/p/apertium-mediawiki/). I have decided I want to really get to know the power of C++, get familiar with some of its 'darker' corners and also delve into game programming, at this point I am rather keen on the book "Essential 3D Game Programming: with C++ and OpenGL" (released 24 may '10), I would also like to get 1 or 2 other books on 'general C++' that I can read cover to cover during my spare time. At this point I am pretty open to suggestions I would like something in the intermediate/advanced zone, some books I am rather keen on include: The C++ Standard Library: A tutorial and reference, C++ Template, the complete guide, and Modern C++ Design: Generic Programming and Design Patterns Applied Thanks in advance.

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  • Must JsUnit Cases Reside Under the Same Directory as JsUnit?

    - by chernevik
    I have installed JsUnit and a test case as follows: /home/chernevik/Programming/JavaScript/jsunit /home/chernevik/Programming/JavaScript/jsunit/testRunner.html /home/chernevik/Programming/JavaScript/jsunit/myTests/lineTestAbs.html /home/chernevik/Programming/JavaScript/lineTestAbs.html When I open the test runner in a browser as a file, and test lineTestAbs.html from the jsunit/myTests directory, it passes. When I test the same file from the JavaScript directory, the test runner times out, asking if the file exists or is a test page. Questions: Am I doing something wrong here, or is this the expected behavior? Is it possible to put test cases in a different directory structure, and if so what is the proper path reference to to JsUnitCore.js? Would JsUnit behave differently if the files were retrieved from an HTTP server? <html> <head> <title>Test Page line(m, x, b)</title> <script language="JavaScript" src="/home/chernevik/Programming/JavaScript/jsunit/app/jsUnitCore.js"></script> <script language="JavaScript"> function line(m, x, b) { return m*x + b; } function testCalculationIsValid() { assertEquals("zero intercept", 10, line(5, 2, 0)); assertEquals("zero slope", 5, line(0, 2, 5)); assertEquals("at x = 10", 25, line(2, 10, 5)); } </script> </head> <body> This pages tests line(m, x, b). </body> </html>

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  • Oracle pl\sql question for my homework in oracle 11G class [migrated]

    - by Bjolds
    I am new to oracle 11G programming and i have run into a tough situation with pl\sql funtions and automation. I ame unsure how to create the function for the automation of Registration system for a College registration system. Here is what i want to do. I want to automate the registrations system so that it automaticly registers students. Then I want a procedure to automate the grading system. I have included the code that i am written to make most of this assignment work which it does but unsure how to incorporate Pl\SQL automated fuctions for the registrations system, and the grading system. So Any help or Ideas I would greatly appreciate please. set Linesize 250 set pagesize 150 drop table student; drop table faculty; drop table Course; drop table Section; drop table location; DROP TABLE courseInstructor; DROP TABLE Registration; DROP TABLE grade; create table student( studentid number(10), Lastname varchar2(20), Firstname Varchar2(20), MI Char(1), address Varchar2(20), city Varchar2(20), state Char(2), zip Varchar2(10), HomePhone Varchar2(10), Workphone Varchar2(10), DOB Date, Pin VARCHAR2(10), Status Char(1)); ALTER TABLE Student Add Constraint Student_StudentID_pk Primary Key (studentID); Insert into student values (1,'xxxxxxxx','xxxxxxxxxx','x','xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx','Columbus','oh','44159','xxx-xxx-xxxx','xxx-xxx-xxxx','06-Mar-1957','1211','c'); create table faculty( FacultyID Number(10), FirstName Varchar2(20), Lastname Varchar2(20), MI Char(1), workphone Varchar2(10), CellPhone Varchar2(10), Rank Varchar2(20), Experience Varchar2(10), Status Char(1)); ALTER TABLE Faculty ADD Constraint Faculty_facultyId_PK PRIMARY KEY (FacultyID); insert into faculty values (1,'xxx','xxxxxxxxxxxx',xxx-xxx-xxxx','xxx-xxx-xxxx','professor','20','f'); create table Course( CourseId number(10), CourseNumber Varchar2(20), CourseName Varchar(20), Description Varchar(20), CreditHours Number(4), Status Char(1)); ALTER TABLE Course ADD Constraint Course_CourseID_pk PRIMARY KEY(CourseID); insert into course values (1,'cit 100','computer concepts','introduction to PCs','3.0','o'); insert into course values (2,'cit 101','Database Program','Database Programming','4.0','o'); insert into course values (3,'Math 101','Algebra I','Algebra I Concepts','5.0','o'); insert into course values (4,'cit 102a','Pc applications','Aplications 1','3.0','o'); insert into course values (5,'cit 102b','pc applications','applications 2','3.0','o'); insert into course values (6,'cit 102c','pc applications','applications 3','3.0','o'); insert into course values (7,'cit 103','computer concepts','introduction systems','3.0','c'); insert into course values (8,'cit 110','Unified language','UML design','3.0','o'); insert into course values (9,'cit 165','cobol','cobol programming','3.0','o'); insert into course values (10,'cit 167','C++ Programming 1','c++ programming','4.0','o'); insert into course values (11,'cit 231','Expert Excel','spreadsheet apps','3.0','o'); insert into course values (12,'cit 233','expert Access','database devel.','3.0','o'); insert into course values (13,'cit 169','Java Programming I','Java Programming I','3.0','o'); insert into course values (14,'cit 263','Visual Basic','Visual Basic Prog','3.0','o'); insert into course values (15,'cit 275','system analysis 2','System Analysis 2','3.0','o'); create table Section( SectionID Number(10), CourseId Number(10), SectionNumber VarChar2(10), Days Varchar2(10), StartTime Date, EndTime Date, LocationID Number(10), SeatAvailable Number(3), Status Char(1)); ALTER TABLE Section ADD Constraint Section_SectionID_PK PRIMARY KEY(SectionID); insert into section values (1,1,'18977','r','21-Sep-2011','10-Dec-2011','1','89','o'); create table Location( LocationId Number(10), Building Varchar2(20), Room Varchar2(5), Capacity Number(5), Satus Char(1)); ALTER TABLE Location ADD Constraint Location_LocationID_pk PRIMARY KEY (LocationID); insert into Location values (1,'Clevleand Hall','cl209','35','o'); insert into Location values (2,'Toledo Circle','tc211','45','o'); insert into Location values (3,'Akron Square','as154','65','o'); insert into Location values (4,'Cincy Hall','ch100','45','o'); insert into Location values (5,'Springfield Dome','SD','35','o'); insert into Location values (6,'Dayton Dorm','dd225','25','o'); insert into Location values (7,'Columbus Hall','CB354','15','o'); insert into Location values (8,'Cleveland Hall','cl204','85','o'); insert into Location values (9,'Toledo Circle','tc103','75','o'); insert into Location values (10,'Akron Square','as201','46','o'); insert into Location values (11,'Cincy Hall','ch301','73','o'); insert into Location values (12,'Dayton Dorm','dd245','57','o'); insert into Location values (13,'Springfield Dome','SD','65','o'); insert into Location values (14,'Cleveland Hall','cl241','10','o'); insert into Location values (15,'Toledo Circle','tc211','27','o'); insert into Location values (16,'Akron Square','as311','28','o'); insert into Location values (17,'Cincy Hall','ch415','73','o'); insert into Location values (18,'Toledo Circle','tc111','67','o'); insert into Location values (19,'Springfield Dome','SD','69','o'); insert into Location values (20,'Dayton Dorm','dd211','45','o'); Alter Table Student Add Constraint student_Zip_CK Check(Rtrim (Zip,'1234567890-') is null); Alter Table Student ADD Constraint Student_Status_CK Check(Status In('c','t')); Alter Table Student ADD Constraint Student_MI_CK2 Check(RTRIM(MI,'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz')is Null); Alter Table Student Modify pin not Null; Alter table Faculty Add Constraint Faculty_Status_CK Check(Status In('f','a','i')); Alter table Faculty ADD Constraint Faculty_Rank_CK Check(Rank In ('professor','doctor','instructor','assistant','tenure')); Alter table Faculty ADD Constraint Faculty_MI_CK2 Check(RTRIM(MI,'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz')is Null); Update Section Set Starttime = To_date('09-21-2011 6:00 PM', 'mm-dd-yyyy hh:mi pm'); Update Section Set Endtime = To_date('12-10-2011 9:50 PM', 'mm-dd-yyyy hh:mi pm'); alter table Section Add Constraint StartTime_Status_CK Check (starttime < Endtime); Alter Table Section Add Constraint Section_StartTime_ck check (StartTime < EndTime); Alter Table Section ADD Constraint Section_CourseId_FK FOREIGN KEY (CourseID) References Course(CourseId); Alter Table Section ADD Constraint Section_LocationID_FK FOREIGN KEY (LocationID) References Location (LocationId); Alter Table Section ADD Constraint Section_Days_CK Check(RTRIM(Days,'mtwrfsu')IS Null); update section set seatavailable = '99'; Alter Table Section ADD Constraint Section_SeatsAvailable_CK Check (SeatAvailable < 100); Alter Table Course Add Constraint Course_CreditHours_ck check(CreditHours < = 6.0); update location set capacity = '99'; Alter Table Location Add Constraint Location_Capacity_CK Check(Capacity < 100); Create Table Registration ( StudentID Number(10), SectionID Number(10), Constraint Registration_pk Primary key (studentId, Sectionid)); Insert into registration values (1, 2); Insert into Registration values (2, 3); Insert into registration values (3, 4); Insert into registration values (4, 5); Insert into registration values (5, 6); Insert into registration values (6, 7); Insert into registration values (7, 8); Insert into registration values (8, 9); insert into registration values (9, 10); insert into registration values (10, 11); insert into registration values (9, 12); insert into registration values (8, 13); insert into registration values (7, 14); insert into registration values (6, 15); insert into registration values (5, 17); insert into registration values (4, 18); insert into registration values (3, 19); insert into registration values (2, 20); insert into registration values (1, 21); insert into registration values (2, 22); insert into registration values (3, 23); insert into registration values (4, 24); insert into registration values (5, 25); Insert into registration values (6, 24); insert into registration values (7, 23); insert into registration values (8, 22); insert into registration values (9, 21); insert into registration values (10, 20); insert into registration values (9, 19); insert into registration values (8, 17); Create Table courseInstructor( FacultyID Number(10), SectionID Number(10), Constraint CourseInstructor_pk Primary key (FacultyId, SectionID)); insert into courseInstructor values (1, 1); insert into courseInstructor values (2, 2); insert into courseInstructor values (3, 3); insert into courseInstructor values (4, 4); insert into courseInstructor values (5, 5); insert into courseInstructor values (5, 6); insert into courseInstructor values (4, 7); insert into courseInstructor values (3, 8); insert into courseInstructor values (2, 9); insert into courseInstructor values (1, 10); insert into courseInstructor values (5, 11); insert into courseInstructor values (4, 12); insert into courseInstructor values (3, 13); insert into courseInstructor values (2, 14); insert into courseInstructor values (1, 15); Create table grade( StudentID Number(10), SectionID Number(10), Grade Varchar2(1), Constraint grade_pk Primary key (StudentID, SectionID)); CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER TR_CreateGrade AFTER INSERT ON Registration FOR EACH ROW BEGIN INSERT INTO grade (SectionID,StudentID,Grade) VALUES(:New.SectionID,:New.StudentID,NULL); END TR_createGrade; / CREATE OR REPLACE FORCE VIEW V_reg_student_course AS SELECT Registration.StudentID, student.LastName, student.FirstName, course.CourseName, Registration.SectionID, course.CreditHours, section.Days, TO_CHAR(StartTime, 'MM/DD/YYYY') AS StartDate, TO_CHAR(StartTime, 'HH:MI PM') AS StartTime, TO_CHAR(EndTime, 'MM/DD/YYYY') AS EndDate, TO_CHAR(EndTime, 'HH:MI PM') AS EndTime, location.Building, location.Room FROM registration, student, section, course, location WHERE registration.StudentID = student.StudentID AND registration.SectionID = section.SectionID AND section.LocationID = location.LocationID AND section.CourseID = course.CourseID; CREATE OR REPLACE FORCE VIEW V_teacher_to_course AS SELECT courseInstructor.FacultyID, faculty.FirstName, faculty.LastName, courseInstructor.SectionID, section.Days, TO_CHAR(StartTime, 'MM/DD/YYYY') AS StartDate, TO_CHAR(StartTime, 'HH:MI PM') AS StartTime, TO_CHAR(EndTime, 'MM/DD/YYYY') AS EndDate, TO_CHAR(EndTime, 'HH:MI PM') AS EndTime, location.Building, location.Room FROM courseInstructor, faculty, section, course, location WHERE courseInstructor.FacultyID = faculty.FacultyID AND courseInstructor.SectionID = section.SectionID AND section.LocationID = location.LocationID AND section.CourseID = course.CourseID; SELECT * FROM V_reg_student_course; SELECT * FROM V_teacher_to_course;

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  • My View on ASP.NET Web Forms versus MVC

    - by Ricardo Peres
    Introduction A lot has been said on Web Forms and MVC, but since I was recently asked about my opinion on the subject, here it is. First, I have to say that I really like both technologies and I don’t think any is going away – just remember SharePoint, which is built on top of Web Forms. I see them as complementary, targeting different needs and leveraging different skills. Let’s go through some of their differences. Rapid Application Development Rapid Application Development (RAD) is the development process by which you have an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), a visual design surface and a toolbox, and you drag components from the toolbox to the design surface and set their properties through a property inspector. It was introduced with some of the earliest Windows graphical IDEs such as Visual Basic and Delphi. With Web Forms you have RAD out of the box. Visual Studio offers a generally good (and extensible) designer for the layout of pages and web user controls. Designing a page may simply be about dragging controls from the toolbox, setting their properties and wiring up some events to event handlers, which are implemented in code behind .NET classes. Most people will be familiar with this kind of development and enjoy it. You can see what you are doing from the beginning. MVC also has designable pages – called views in MVC terminology – the problem is that they can be built using different technologies, some of which, at the moment (MVC 4) do not support RAD – Razor, for example. I believe it is just a matter of time for that to be implemented in Visual Studio, but it will mostly consist on HTML editing, and until that day comes, you have to live with source editing. Development Model Web Forms features the same development model that you are used to from Windows Forms and other similar technologies: events fired by controls and automatic persistence of their properties between postbacks. For that, it uses concepts such as view state, which some may love and others may hate, because it may be misused quite easily, but otherwise does its job well. Another fundamental concept is data binding, by which a collection of data can be fed to a control and have it render that data somehow – just thing of the GridView control. The focus is on the page, that’s where it all starts, and you can place everything in the same code behind class: data access, business logic, layout, etc. The controls take care of generating a great part of the HTML and JavaScript for you. With MVC there is no free lunch when it comes to data persistence between requests, you have to implement it yourself. As for event handling, that is at the core of MVC, in the form of controllers and action methods, you just don’t think of them as event handlers. In MVC you need to think more in HTTP terms, so action methods such as POST and GET are relevant to you, and may write actions to handle one or the other. Also of crucial importance is model binding: the way by which MVC converts your posted data into a .NET class. This is something that ASP.NET 4.5 Web Forms has introduced as well, but it is a cornerstone in MVC. MVC also has built-in validation of these .NET classes, which out of the box uses the Data Annotations API. You have full control of the generated HTML - except for that coming from the helper methods, usually small fragments - which requires a greater familiarity with the specifications. You normally rely much more on JavaScript APIs, they are even included in the Visual Studio template, that is because much less is done for you. Reuse It is difficult to accept a professional company/project that does not employ reuse. It can save a lot of time thus cutting costs significantly. Code reused in several projects matures as time goes by and helps developers learn from past experiences. ASP.NET Web Forms was built with reuse in mind, in the form of controls. Controls encapsulate functionality and are generally portable from project to project (with the notable exception of web user controls, those with an associated .ASCX markup file). ASP.NET has dozens of controls and it is very easy to develop new ones, so I believe this is a great advantage. A control can inject JavaScript code and external references as well as generate HTML an CSS. MVC on the other hand does not use controls – it is possible to use them, with some view engines like ASPX, but it is just not advisable because it breaks the flow – where do Init, Load, PreRender, etc, fit? The most similar to controls is extension methods, or helpers. They serve the same purpose – generating HTML, CSS or JavaScript – and can be reused between different projects. What differentiates them from controls is that there is no inheritance and no context – an extension method is just a static method which doesn’t know where it is being called. You also have partial views, which you can reuse in the same project, but there is no inheritance as well. This, in my view, is a weakness of MVC. Architecture Both technologies are highly extensible. I have writtenstarted writing a series of posts on ASP.NET Web Forms extensibility and will probably write another series on MVC extensibility as well. A number of scenarios are covered in any of these models, and some extensibility points apply to both, because, of course both stand upon ASP.NET. With Web Forms, if you’re like me, you start by defining you master pages, pages and controls, with some helper classes to glue everything. You may as well throw in some JavaScript, but probably you’re main work will be with plain old .NET code. The controls you define have the chance to inject JavaScript code and references, through either the ScriptManager or the page’s ClientScript object, as well as generating HTML and CSS code. The master page and page model with code behind classes offer a number of “hooks” by which you can change the normal way of things, for example, in a page you can access any control on the master page, add script or stylesheet references to its head and even change the page’s title. Also, with Web Forms, you typically have URLs in the form “/SomePath/SomePage.aspx?SomeParameter=SomeValue”, which isn’t really SEO friendly, no to mention the HTML that some controls produce, far from standards, optimization and best practices. In MVC, you also normally start by defining the master page (or layout) and views, which are the visible parts, and then define controllers on separate files. These controllers do not know anything about the views, except the names and types of the parameters that will be passed to and from them. The controller will be responsible for the data access and business logic, eventually relying on additional classes for this purpose. On a controller you only receive parameters and return a result, which may be a request for the rendering of a view, a redirection to another URL or a JSON object, to name just a few. The controller class does not know anything about the web, so you can effectively reuse it in a non-web project. This separation and the lack of programmatic access to the UI elements, makes it very difficult to implement, for example, something like SharePoint with MVC. OK, I know about Orchard, but it isn’t really a general purpose development framework, but instead, a CMS that happens to use MVC. Not having controls render HTML for you gives you in turn much more control over it – it is your responsibility to create it, which you can either consider a blessing or a curse, in the later case, you probably shouldn’t be using MVC at all. Also MVC URLs tend to be much more SEO-oriented, if you design your controllers and actions properly. Testing In a well defined architecture, you should separate business logic, data access logic and presentation logic, because these are all different things and it might even be the need to switch one implementation for another: for example, you might design a system which includes a data access layer, a business logic layer and two presentation layers, one on top of ASP.NET and the other with WPF; and the data access layer might be implemented first using NHibernate and later on switched for Entity Framework Code First. These changes are not that rare, so care should be taken in designing the system to make them possible. Web Forms are difficult to test, because it relies on event handlers which are only fired in web contexts, when a form is submitted or a page is requested. You can call them with reflection, but you have to set up a number of mocking objects first, HttpContext.Current first coming to my mind. MVC, on the other hand, makes testing controllers a breeze, so much that it even includes a template option for generating boilerplate unit test classes up from start. A well designed – from the unit test point of view - controller will receive everything it needs to work as parameters to its action methods, so you can pass whatever values you need very easily. That doesn’t mean, of course, that everything can be tested: views, for instance, are difficult to test without actually accessing the site, but MVC offers the possibility to compile views at build time, so that, at least, you know you don’t have syntax errors beforehand. Myths Some popular but unfounded myths around MVC include: You cannot use controls in MVC: not true, actually, you can, at least with the Web Forms (ASPX) view engine; the declaration and usage is exactly the same as with Web Forms; You cannot specify a base class for a view: with the ASPX view engine you can use the Inherits Page directive, with this and all the others you can use the pageBaseType and userControlBaseType attributes of the <page> element; MVC shields you from doing “bad things” on your views: well, you can place any code on a code block, at least with the ASPX view engine (you may be starting to see a pattern here), even data access code; The model is the entity model, tied to an O/RM: the model is actually any class that you use to pass values to a view, including (but generally not recommended) an entity model; Unit tests come with no cost: unit tests generally don’t cover the UI, although there are frameworks just for that (see WatiN, for example); also, for some tests, you will have to mock or replace either the HttpContext.Current property or the HttpContextBase class yourself; Everything is testable: views aren’t, without accessing the site; MVC relies on HTML5/some_cool_new_javascript_framework: there is no relation whatsoever, MVC renders whatever you want it to render and does not require any framework to be present. The thing is, the subsequent releases of MVC happened in a time when Microsoft has become much more involved in standards, so the files and technologies included in the Visual Studio templates reflect this, and it just happens to work well with jQuery, for example. Conclusion Well, this is how I see it. Some folks may think that I am being too rude on MVC, probably because I don’t like it, but that’s not true: like I said, I do like MVC and I am starting my new projects with it. I just don’t want to go along with that those that say that MVC is much superior to Web Forms, in fact, some things you can do much more easily with Web Forms than with MVC. I will be more than happy to hear what you think on this!

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  • Game Components, Game Managers and Object Properties

    - by George Duckett
    I'm trying to get my head around component based entity design. My first step was to create various components that could be added to an object. For every component type i had a manager, which would call every component's update function, passing in things like keyboard state etc. as required. The next thing i did was remove the object, and just have each component with an Id. So an object is defined by components having the same Ids. Now, i'm thinking that i don't need a manager for all my components, for example i have a SizeComponent, which just has a Size property). As a result the SizeComponent doesn't have an update method, and the manager's update method does nothing. My first thought was to have an ObjectProperty class which components could query, instead of having them as properties of components. So an object would have a number of ObjectProperty and ObjectComponent. Components would have update logic that queries the object for properties. The manager would manage calling the component's update method. This seems like over-engineering to me, but i don't think i can get rid of the components, because i need a way for the managers to know what objects need what component logic to run (otherwise i'd just remove the component completely and push its update logic into the manager). Is this (having ObjectProperty, ObjectComponent and ComponentManager classes) over-engineering? What would be a good alternative?

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  • How do web-developers do web-design when freelancing?

    - by Gerald Blizz
    So I got my first job recently as junior web-developer. My company creates small/medium sites for wide variety of customers: autobusiness companies, weddign agencies, some sauna websites, etcetc, hope you get my point. They don't do big serious stuff like bank systems or really big systems, it's mostly small/medium-sized websites for startups/medium sized business. My main skills are PHP/MySQL, I also know HTML and a bit of CSS/JS/AJAX. I know that good web-developer must know some backend language (like PHP/Ruby/Python) AND HTML+CSS+JS+AJAX+JQuery combo. However, I was always wondering. In my company we have web-designer. In other serious organisations I often see the same stuff: web-developers who create business-logic and web-designers, who create design. As far as I know, after designers paint design of website they give it to developers either in PSD or sliced way, and developers put it together with logic, but design is NOT created by developers. Such separation seems very good for full-time job, but I am concerned with question how do freelance web-developers do websites? Do most of them just pay freelance designers to create design for them? Or do some people do both? Reason why I ask - I plan to start some freelancing in my free time after I get good at web-development. But I don't want to create websites with great business-logic but poor design. Neither I want to let someone else create a design for me. I like web-development very much and I am doing quite good, I like design aswell, even though I am a bit lost how to study it and get better at it. But I am scared that going in both directions won't let me become expert, it seems like two totally different jobs and getting really good in both seems very hard. But I really want to do both. What should I do? Thank you!

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  • Evolution of an Application: how to manage and improve core engine?

    - by Phil Carter
    The web application I work on has been live for a year now, but it's time for it to evolve and one of the ways in which it is evolving is into a multi-brand application - in this case several different companies using the application, different templates/content and some slight business logic changes between them. The problem I'm facing is implementing a best practice across the site where there are differences in business logic for each brand. These will mostly be very superficial, using a an alternative mailing list provider or capturing some extra data in a form. I don't want to have if(brand === x) { ... } else { ... } all over the site especially as most of what needs to be changed can be handled with extending the existing class. I've thought of several methods that could be used to instantiate the correct class, but I'm just not sure which is going to be best especially as some seem to lead to duplication of more code than should be necessary. Here's what I've considered: 1) Use a Static Loader similar to Zend_Loader which can take the class being requested, and has knowledge of the Brand and can then return the correct object. $class = App_Loader::getObject('User', $brand); 2) Factory classes. We use these in the application already for Products but we could utilise them here also to provide a transparent interface to the class. 3) Routing the page request to a specific brand controller. This however seems like it would duplicate a lot of code/logic. Is there a pattern or something else I should be considering to solve this problem? 4) How to manage a growing project that has multiple custom instances in production? Update This is a PHP application so the decisions on which class to load are made per request. There could be upwards of 100+ different 'brands' running.

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  • Should I give the answer to a failed interview coding exercise?

    - by GlenH7
    We had a senior level interview candidate fail a nuance of the FizzBuzz question*. I mean, really, utterly, completely, failed the question - not even close. I even coached him through to thinking about using a loop and that 3 and 5 were really worth considering as special cases. He blew it. Just for QA purposes, I gave the same exact question to three teammates; gave them 5 minutes; and then came back to collect their pseudo-code. All of them nailed it and hadn't seen the question before. Two asked what the trick was... On a different logic exercise, the candidate showed some understanding of some of the features available within the language he chose to use (C#). So it's not as if he had never written a line of code. But his logic still stunk. My question is whether or not I should have given him the answer to the logic questions. He knew he blew them, and acknowledged it later in the interview. On the other hand, he never asked for the answer or what I was expecting to see. I know coding exercises can be used to set candidates up for failure (again, see second link from above). And I really tried to help him home in on answering the core of the question. But this was a senior level candidate and Fizz-Buzz is, frankly, ridiculously easy even with accounting for interview jitters. I felt like I should have shown him a way of solving the problem so that he could at least learn from the experience. But again, he didn't ask. What's the right way to handle that situation? *Okay, that's not the link to the actual FizzBuzz question, but it is a good P.SE discussion around FizzBuzz and links to the various aspects of it.

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  • The best way to structure/design game code

    - by Edward
    My question is quite broad and related to the 2D game code design/architecture/structure. Usually the main game consists of the main loop where you update & render your world states. However, it's recommended for many purposes to separate rendering from the game-logic and so on. I am kinda confused about the whole situation. Many game engines/libs/sdks don't follow separation schema. They propagate a way where you define some scenes/stages and they contain some objects and the scene/stage controls the user input and so on. For example, in cocos2d(-x) and libgdx (stage2d) the games are usually done the way that the update logic happens at the same time/place as rendering. Also, the propagated way is to have a structure where an object knows how to draw itself - which is not a separation of updating & rendering. The same with Flash based games, they are usually done the way when an object (class) contains a swf or a texture and some data and holds some update logic itself, or updated from main Scene. And again this object already knows how to draw itself via "addChild". Also, some people recommend to use MVC pattern, which will require to completely obey the structure of those engines/libs/sdks. Maybe I am overthinking everything, but I am totally confused. I would be grateful if somebody could point me to a correct direction with the game code structures. What is your way of doing things in libgdx/cocos2d/flash?

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  • Scalable Architecture for modern Web Development [on hold]

    - by Jhilke Dai
    I am doing research about Scalable architecture for Web Development, the research is solely to support Modern Web Development with flexible architecture which can scale up/down according to the needs without losing any core functionality. By Modern Web I mean to support all the Devices used to access websites, but the loading mechanism for all devices would be different. My quest of architecture is: For PC: Accessing web in PC is faster but it also depends on the Geo-location, so, the application would check by default the capacity of Internet/Browser and load the page according to it. For Mobile: Most of the mobile design these days either hide information or use different version of same application. eg: facebook uses m.facebook.com which is completely different than PC version. Hiding the things from Mobile using JavaScript or CSS is not a solution as it'll consume the bandwidth and make the application slow. So, my architecture research is about Serving one Application, which has different stack. When the application receives the request it'd send the Packaged Stack to the received request. This way the load time for end users would be faster and maintenance of application for developers would be easier. I am researching about for 4-tier(layered) architecture like: Presentation Layer Application Logic Layer -- The main Logic layer which stores the Presentation Stack Business Logic Layer Data Layer Main Question: Have you come across of similar architecture? If so, then can you list the links here, I'm very much interested to learn about those implementations specially in real world scenario. Have you thought about similar architectures and tried your own ideas, or if you have any ideas regarding this, then I urge to share. I am open to any discussions regarding this, so, please feel free to comment/answer.

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  • RESTFul: state changing actions

    - by Miro Svrtan
    I'am planning to build RESTfull API but there are some architectural questions that are creating some problems in my head. Adding backend bussiness logic to clients is option that I would like to avoid since updating multiple client platforms is hard to maintain in real time when bussiness logic can rapidly change. Lets say we have article as a resource ( api/article ), how should we implement actions like publish, unpublish,activate or deactivate and so on but to try to keep it as simple as possible? 1) Should we use api/article/{id}/{action} since a lot of backend logic can happen there like pushing to remote locations or change of multiple properties. Probably the hardest thing here is that we need to send all article data back to API for updating and multiuser work could not be implemented. For instance editor could send 5 seconds older data and overwrite fix that some other journalist just did 2 seconds ago and there is no way that I could explain to clients this since those publishing an article is really not in any way connected to updating the content. 2) Creating new resource can also be an option, api/article-{action}/id , but then returned resource would not be article-{action} but article which I'am not sure if this is proper. Also in server side code article class is handling actuall work on both resource and I'm not sure if this goes against RESTfull thinking Any suggestions are welcomed..

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  • What's the best way to learn/increase problem-solving skills?

    - by tucaz
    Hi all! I'm not sure this is the right place to ask this question, neither if this is the right way to ask this question but I hope you help me if it is not. I work as a programmer since I was 15 (will be 24 next week) so learning programming logic was somehow natural during the course of my career and I think that it helped me to get pretty good problem-solving. One thing none of us (programmers) can deny is that programming logic helps us in a lot of fields outside computer programming. So I'd say it is a very valuable resource that one should learn. My girlfriend is not a programmer and graduated in college on a non related course (Foreign Relations) because she didn't know what to study back then. As the years passed she discovered that she liked Logistics and started to work with it almost two years ago. However, since she does not have a technical background (not even basic Math) she is really having a hard time with it. She is already trying to catch up with Math, but even simple questions/brain-teasers are hard to her. For example, trying to find the missing numbers of this sequence: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, _, _, 34 and so on. We know that this is Fibonacci but if we didn't we would probably be able to get to the correct answer just by "guessing" (using our acquired problem-solving skills). I'm not sure if problem-solving skills or logic are the correct name for it, but this is what I mean: quick solve problems, brain-teasers, find patterns, have a "sharp" mind. So, the question is: what is the best way for someone to learn this kind of skills without being a programmer (or studying algorithms and such)? If you say it is a book, could you please recommend one? Thanks a lot!

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  • Introduction to Oracle ADF

    - by Arda Eralp
    The Oracle Application Development Framework (Oracle ADF) is an end-to-end application framework that builds on Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) standards and open-source technologies. You can use Oracle ADF to implement enterprise solutions that search, display, create, modify, and validate data using web, wireless, desktop, or web services interfaces. Because of its declarative nature, Oracle ADF simplifies and accelerates development by allowing users to focus on the logic of application creation rather than coding details. Used in tandem, Oracle JDeveloper 11g and Oracle ADF give you an environment that covers the full development lifecycle from design to deployment, with drag-and-drop data binding, visual UI design, and team development features built in. In line with community best practices, applications you build using the Fusion web technology stack achieve a clean separation of business logic, page navigation, and user interface by adhering to a model-view-controller architecture. MVC architecture: The model layer represents the data values related to the current page The view layer contains the UI pages used to view or modify that data The controller layer processes user input and determines page navigation The business service layer handles data access and encapsulates business logic Each ADF module fits in the Fusion web application architecture. The core module in the framework is ADF Model, a data binding facility. The ADF Model layer enables a unified approach to bind any user interface to any business service, without the need to write code. The other modules that make up a Fusion web application technology stack are: ADF Business Components, which simplifies building business services. ADF Faces rich client, which offers a rich library of AJAX-enabled UI components for web applications built with JavaServer Faces (JSF). ADF Controller, which integrates JSF with ADF Model. The ADF Controller extends the standard JSF controller by providing additional functionality, such as reusable task flows that pass control not only between JSF pages, but also between other activities, for instance method calls or other task flows.

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  • Simple Architecture Verification

    - by Jean Carlos Suárez Marranzini
    I just made an architecture for an application with the function of scoring, saving and loading tennis games. The architecture has 2 kinds of elements: components & layers. Components: Standalone elements that can be consumed by other components or by layers. They might also consume functionality from the model/bottom layer. Layers: Software components whose functionality rests on previous layers (except for the model layer). -Layers: -Models: Data and it's behavior. -Controllers: A layer that allows interaction between the views and the models. -Views: The presentation layer for interacting with the user. -Components: -Persistence: Makes sure the game data can be stored away for later retrieval. -Time Machine: Records changes in the game through time so it's possible to navigate the game back and forth. -Settings: Contains the settings that determine how some of the game logic will apply. -Game Engine: Contains all the game logic, which it applies to the game data to determine the path the game should take. This is an image of the architecture (I don't have enough rep to post images): http://i49.tinypic.com/35lt5a9.png The requierements which this architecture should satisfy are the following: Save & load games. Move through game history and see how the scoreboard changes as the game evolves. Tie-breaks must be properly managed. Games must be classified by hit-type. Every point can be modified. Match name and player names must be stored. Game logic must be configurable by the user. I would really appreciate any kind of advice or comments on this architecture. To see if it is well built and makes sense as a whole. I took the idea from this link. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller

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