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• Un-failing over a Cisco PIX 515e

  - by ABrown

  We had a power outage at our data center last week and when our dual PIX 515E running IOS 7.0(8) (configured with a failover cable) came back, they were in a failed over state where the Secondary unit is active and the Primary unit is standby I have tried 'failover reset', 'failover active', and 'failover reload-standby' as well as executing reloads on both units in a variety of orders, and they don't come back Primary/Active Secondary/Standby. The only thing in my arsenal that I haven't tried is driving to the data center and performing a hard reboot, which I hate to do. I have read How Failover Works on the Cisco Secure Firewall and it seems like this should be wicked straight forward. output of show failover on Primary: Failover On Cable status: Normal Failover unit Primary Failover LAN Interface: N/A - Serial-based failover enabled Unit Poll frequency 15 seconds, holdtime 45 seconds Interface Poll frequency 15 seconds Interface Policy 1 Monitored Interfaces 2 of 250 maximum Version: Ours 7.0(8), Mate 7.0(8) Last Failover at: 02:52:05 UTC Mar 10 2010 This host: Primary - Standby Ready Active time: 0 (sec) Interface outside (x.x.x.165): Normal Interface inside (y.y.y.3): Normal Other host: Secondary - Active Active time: 897045 (sec) Interface outside (x.x.x.164): Normal Interface inside (y.y.y.4): Normal Stateful Failover Logical Update Statistics Link : Unconfigured. output of show failover on Secondary: Failover On Cable status: Normal Failover unit Secondary Failover LAN Interface: N/A - Serial-based failover enabled Unit Poll frequency 15 seconds, holdtime 45 seconds Interface Poll frequency 15 seconds Interface Policy 1 Monitored Interfaces 2 of 250 maximum Version: Ours 7.0(8), Mate 7.0(8) Last Failover at: 02:03:04 UTC Feb 28 2010 This host: Secondary - Active Active time: 896925 (sec) Interface outside (x.x.x.164): Normal Interface inside (y.y.y.4): Normal Other host: Primary - Standby Ready Active time: 0 (sec) Interface outside (x.x.x.165): Normal Interface inside (y.y.y.3): Normal Stateful Failover Logical Update Statistics Link : Unconfigured. I'm seeing the following in my syslog: Mar 10 03:05:00 fw1 %PIX-5-111008: User 'enable_15' executed the 'failover reset' command. Mar 10 03:05:09 fw1 %PIX-5-111008: User 'enable_15' executed the 'failover reload-standby' command. Mar 10 03:05:12 fw1 %PIX-6-720032: (VPN-Secondary) HA status callback: id=3,seq=200,grp=0,event=406,op=20,my=Active,peer=Failed. Mar 10 03:05:12 fw1 %PIX-6-720028: (VPN-Secondary) HA status callback: Peer state Failed. Mar 10 03:06:09 fw1 %PIX-6-720032: (VPN-Secondary) HA status callback: id=3,seq=200,grp=0,event=401,op=0,my=Active,peer=Failed. Mar 10 03:06:09 fw1 %PIX-6-720024: (VPN-Secondary) HA status callback: Control channel is down. Mar 10 03:06:09 fw1 %PIX-6-720032: (VPN-Secondary) HA status callback: id=3,seq=200,grp=0,event=401,op=1,my=Active,peer=Failed. Mar 10 03:06:10 fw1 %PIX-6-720024: (VPN-Secondary) HA status callback: Control channel is up. Mar 10 03:06:10 fw1 %PIX-6-720032: (VPN-Secondary) HA status callback: id=3,seq=200,grp=0,event=411,op=2,my=Active,peer=Failed. Mar 10 03:06:23 fw1 %PIX-6-720032: (VPN-Secondary) HA status callback: id=3,seq=200,grp=0,event=406,op=80,my=Active,peer=Standby Ready. Mar 10 03:06:23 fw1 %PIX-6-720028: (VPN-Secondary) HA status callback: Peer state Standby Ready. Mar 10 03:06:24 fw2 %PIX-6-720027: (VPN-Primary) HA status callback: My state Standby Ready. Mar 10 03:07:05 fw1 %PIX-5-111008: User 'enable_15' executed the 'failover reset' command. Mar 10 03:07:31 fw1 %PIX-5-111008: User 'enable_15' executed the 'failover active' command. Mar 10 03:08:04 fw1 %PIX-5-611103: User logged out: Uname: enable_1 Mar 10 03:08:04 fw1 %PIX-6-315011: SSH session from admin1_int on interface inside for user "pix" terminated normally Mar 10 03:08:39 fw1 %PIX-6-720032: (VPN-Secondary) HA status callback: id=3,seq=200,grp=0,event=406,op=20,my=Active,peer=Failed. Mar 10 03:08:39 fw1 %PIX-6-720028: (VPN-Secondary) HA status callback: Peer state Failed. Mar 10 03:09:10 fw1 %PIX-6-605005: Login permitted from admin1_int/36891 to inside:192.168.4.4/ssh for user "pix" Mar 10 03:09:23 fw1 %PIX-5-111008: User 'enable_15' executed the 'failover reset' command. Mar 10 03:09:38 fw1 %PIX-6-720032: (VPN-Secondary) HA status callback: id=3,seq=200,grp=0,event=401,op=0,my=Active,peer=Failed. Mar 10 03:09:39 fw1 %PIX-6-720024: (VPN-Secondary) HA status callback: Control channel is down. Mar 10 03:09:39 fw1 %PIX-6-720032: (VPN-Secondary) HA status callback: id=3,seq=200,grp=0,event=401,op=1,my=Active,peer=Failed. Mar 10 03:09:39 fw1 %PIX-6-720024: (VPN-Secondary) HA status callback: Control channel is up. Mar 10 03:09:39 fw1 %PIX-6-720032: (VPN-Secondary) HA status callback: id=3,seq=200,grp=0,event=411,op=2,my=Active,peer=Failed. Mar 10 03:09:52 fw1 %PIX-6-720032: (VPN-Secondary) HA status callback: id=3,seq=200,grp=0,event=406,op=80,my=Active,peer=Standby Ready. Mar 10 03:09:52 fw1 %PIX-6-720028: (VPN-Secondary) HA status callback: Peer state Standby Ready. Mar 10 03:09:53 fw2 %PIX-6-720027: (VPN-Primary) HA status callback: My state Standby Ready. I'm not exactly sure how to interpret that syslog data. Primary doesn't seem to even try to become Active. When I reload the individual units separately, my connections are retained, so it doesn't seem like I have a real hardware failure. Is there something I can query (IOS or SNMP) to check for hardware issues? Any thoughts? My IOS-fu is weak. Thanks for any help you might provide, Aaron

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• All downloads being interrupted

  - by Jake

  System: Windows 7 Professional 64bit. 8GB RAM, Intel i5-2400 CPU, +300GB free on the hard drive. AVG Internet Security 2012 (enabled & disabled, with firewall enabled and disabled - no effect for either). This computer is less than a year old. Network: This problem is occurring on a single computer on a network with multiple computers. The router is a Motorola Netopia 3347-02 (DSL Modem/Wireless Router combined). The computer is plugged in directly to the modem, other computers are using the wireless successfully. The router has been reset. The only thing odd about the connection between the router and computer is that it is configured to allow RDP through, so it is assigned a static IP by the router and port forwarding is enabled for port 3389. Also, though I doubt it matters, a second wireless router is active behind this router providing a second network that some computers in the area use without issues. Details: All downloads initiated on this specific computer eventually fail, this includes streaming from youtube, specialized downloads (itunes), downloads from websites, FTP downloads, etc. Failure occurs with all browsers, but in chrome this is the process it takes: 1) Download begins normally, 2) At some point between (observed) 7MBs and 229MBs the download stops progressing (at this point, if watching chrome's task manager, you can see the network activity for the downloading tab drop to 0kps), 3) for some time the download sits there still attempting to complete, but will eventually display "123,049,871/0 B, Interrupted" (where the number is whatever it actually got to). The file I am using to test this is a very large .zip file located on a server I control, but the problem seems to occur on any site. The amount downloaded is completely random, and seems to be more time-based than anything (if I start a download immediately after the last one fails, it tends to get further than the last one). Small files can get through for this reason, though they can fail as well. In a test where I simultaneously downloaded the same file via HTTP (chrome) and FTP (windows explorer), both downloads failed at the same instant, though explorer displayed "Connection timed out" several minutes before chrome finally showed the download as interrupted. Other things I have tried based on advice given to people with similar/identical problems: Setting my MTU to 1492 (as described here: http://blog.thecompwiz.com/2011/08/networking-issues.html) Disabling write caching to the hard drive storing the download on an external device successfully transmitted +1GB file from one computer on the same network to this computer disabling indexing in the folder the download was being stored in disabling all security software checked to make sure all drivers were up to date read about 50 accounts with nearly exact descriptions of what I'm experiencing, none of which had a solution given Running Processes: Image Name PID Session Name Session# Mem Usage ========================= ======== ================ =========== ============ System Idle Process 0 Services 0 24 K System 4 Services 0 104,836 K smss.exe 332 Services 0 1,276 K csrss.exe 764 Services 0 5,060 K wininit.exe 820 Services 0 4,748 K csrss.exe 844 Console 1 23,764 K services.exe 876 Services 0 11,856 K lsass.exe 892 Services 0 14,420 K lsm.exe 900 Services 0 7,820 K winlogon.exe 944 Console 1 7,716 K svchost.exe 428 Services 0 12,744 K svchost.exe 796 Services 0 12,240 K svchost.exe 1036 Services 0 22,372 K svchost.exe 1084 Services 0 174,132 K svchost.exe 1112 Services 0 56,144 K svchost.exe 1288 Services 0 18,640 K svchost.exe 1404 Services 0 29,616 K spoolsv.exe 1576 Services 0 25,924 K svchost.exe 1616 Services 0 12,788 K AppleMobileDeviceService. 1728 Services 0 9,796 K avgwdsvc.exe 1820 Services 0 8,268 K mDNSResponder.exe 1844 Services 0 5,832 K w3dbsmgr.exe 1108 Services 0 43,760 K QBCFMonitorService.exe 1336 Services 0 16,408 K svchost.exe 2404 Services 0 28,240 K taskhost.exe 3020 Console 1 12,372 K dwm.exe 2280 Console 1 5,968 K explorer.exe 2964 Console 1 152,476 K WUDFHost.exe 3316 Services 0 6,740 K svchost.exe 3408 Services 0 5,556 K RAVCpl64.exe 3684 Console 1 13,864 K igfxtray.exe 3700 Console 1 7,804 K hkcmd.exe 3772 Console 1 7,868 K igfxpers.exe 3788 Console 1 10,940 K sidebar.exe 3836 Console 1 84,400 K chrome.exe 3964 Console 1 19,640 K pptd40nt.exe 4068 Console 1 5,156 K acrotray.exe 3908 Console 1 14,676 K avgtray.exe 3872 Console 1 9,508 K jusched.exe 4076 Console 1 4,412 K iTunesHelper.exe 1532 Console 1 87,308 K SearchIndexer.exe 3492 Services 0 36,948 K iPodService.exe 4136 Services 0 7,944 K BrccMCtl.exe 4276 Console 1 18,132 K splwow64.exe 4380 Console 1 32,600 K qbupdate.exe 4836 Console 1 24,236 K svchost.exe 4288 Services 0 20,700 K wmpnetwk.exe 3112 Services 0 9,516 K FNPLicensingService.exe 5248 Services 0 5,852 K QBW32.EXE 5508 Console 1 127,068 K QBDBMgrN.exe 5600 Services 0 42,252 K EXCEL.EXE 2512 Console 1 99,100 K LMS.exe 3188 Services 0 5,616 K UNS.exe 1600 Services 0 7,308 K axlbridge.exe 5260 Console 1 5,132 K chrome.exe 5888 Console 1 200,336 K chrome.exe 3536 Console 1 26,076 K chrome.exe 1952 Console 1 20,168 K chrome.exe 4596 Console 1 24,696 K chrome.exe 4292 Console 1 48,096 K chrome.exe 2796 Console 1 23,520 K Acrobat.exe 1240 Console 1 87,252 K 123w.exe 4892 Console 1 22,728 K calc.exe 1700 Console 1 12,636 K chrome.exe 1328 Console 1 28,888 K chrome.exe 3696 Console 1 47,012 K rundll32.exe 6320 Console 1 7,104 K chrome.exe 4928 Console 1 44,248 K AVGIDSAgent.exe 260 Services 0 12,940 K avgfws.exe 6052 Services 0 26,912 K avgnsa.exe 5064 Services 0 2,496 K avgrsa.exe 3088 Services 0 2,200 K avgcsrva.exe 2596 Services 0 380 K avgcsrva.exe 6948 Services 0 408 K StikyNot.exe 452 Console 1 14,772 K chrome.exe 4580 Console 1 28,200 K chrome.exe 4016 Console 1 57,756 K svchost.exe 7140 Services 0 4,500 K chrome.exe 6264 Console 1 56,824 K chrome.exe 7008 Console 1 56,896 K chrome.exe 2224 Console 1 38,032 K taskhost.exe 612 Console 1 7,228 K chrome.exe 6000 Console 1 10,928 K chrome.exe 2568 Console 1 43,052 K chrome.exe 272 Console 1 75,988 K chrome.exe 7328 Console 1 53,240 K PaprPort.exe 7976 Console 1 137,152 K pplinks.exe 7500 Console 1 14,052 K ppscanmg.exe 5744 Console 1 18,996 K taskeng.exe 7388 Console 1 6,308 K SearchProtocolHost.exe 8024 Services 0 8,804 K SearchFilterHost.exe 7232 Services 0 7,848 K chrome.exe 8016 Console 1 37,440 K cmd.exe 7692 Console 1 3,096 K conhost.exe 7516 Console 1 5,872 K tasklist.exe 8160 Console 1 5,772 K WmiPrvSE.exe 7684 Services 0 6,400 K Any help with this would be greatly appreciated, I've been beating my head against a wall over this all day. This computer serves dual purpose as the main company document server and the Owner's work computer, it's fairly important it be fully functional and I cannot figure this out.

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• disk-to-disk backup without costly backup redundancy?

  - by AaronLS

  A good backup strategy involves a combination of 1) disconnected backups/snapshots that will not be affected by bugs, viruses, and/or security breaches 2) geographically distributed backups to protect against local disasters 3) testing backups to ensure that they can be restored as needed Generally I take an onsite backup daily, and an offsite backup weekly, and do test restores periodically. In the rare circumstance that I need to restore files, I do some from the local backup. Should a catastrophic event destroy the servers and local backups, then the offsite weekly tape backup would be used to restore the files. I don't need multiple offsite backups with redundancy. I ALREADY HAVE REDUNDANCY THROUGH THE USE OF BOTH LOCAL AND REMOTE BACKUPS. I have recovery blocks and par files with the backups, so I already have protection against a small percentage of corrupt bits. I perform test restores to ensure the backups function properly. Should the remote backups experience a dataloss, I can replace them with one of the local backups. There are historical offsite backups as well, so if a dataloss was not noticed for a few weeks(such as a bug/security breach/virus), the data could be restored from an older backup. By doing this, the only scenario that poses a risk to complete data loss would be one where both the local, remote, and servers all experienced a data loss in the same time period. I'm willing to risk that happening since the odds of that trifecta negligibly small, and the data isn't THAT valuable to me. So I hope I have emphasized that I don't need redundancy in my offsite backups because I have covered all the bases. I know this exact technique is employed by numerous businesses. Of course there are some that take multiple offsite backups, because the data is so incredibly valuable that they don't even want to risk that trifecta disaster, but in the majority of cases the trifecta disaster is an accepted risk. I HAD TO COVER ALL THIS BECAUSE SOME PEOPLE DON'T READ!!! I think I have justified my backup strategy and the majority of businesses who use offsite tape backups do not have any additional redundancy beyond what is mentioned above(recovery blocks, par files, historical snapshots). Now I would like to eliminate the use of tapes for offsite backups, and instead use a backup service. Most however are extremely costly for $/gb/month storage. I don't mind paying for transfer bandwidth, but the cost of storage is way to high. All of them advertise that they maintain backups of the data, and I imagine they use RAID as well. Obviously if you were using them to host servers this would all be necessary, but for my scenario, I am simply replacing my offsite backups with such a service. So there is no need for RAID, and absolutely no value in another layer of backups of backups. My one and only question: "Are there online data-storage/backup services that do not use redundancy or offer backups(backups of my backups) as part of their packages, and thus are more reasonably priced?" NOT my question: "Is this a flawed strategy?" I don't care if you think this is a good strategy or not. I know it pretty standard. Very few people make an extra copy of their offsite backups. They already have local backups that they can use to replace the remote backups if something catastrophic happens at the remote site. Please limit your responses to the question posed. Sorry if I seem a little abrasive, but I had some trolls in my last post who didn't read my requirements nor my question, and were trying to go off answering a totally different question. I made it pretty clear, but didn't try to justify my strategy, because I didn't ask about whether my strategy was justifyable. So I apologize if this was lengthy, as it really didn't need to be, but since there are so many trolls here who try to sidetrack questions by responding without addressing the question at hand.

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• Why do we get a sudden spike in response times?

  - by Christian Hagelid

  We have an API that is implemented using ServiceStack which is hosted in IIS. While performing load testing of the API we discovered that the response times are good but that they deteriorate rapidly as soon as we hit about 3,500 concurrent users per server. We have two servers and when hitting them with 7,000 users the average response times sit below 500ms for all endpoints. The boxes are behind a load balancer so we get 3,500 concurrents per server. However as soon as we increase the number of total concurrent users we see a significant increase in response times. Increasing the concurrent users to 5,000 per server gives us an average response time per endpoint of around 7 seconds. The memory and CPU on the servers are quite low, both while the response times are good and when after they deteriorate. At peak with 10,000 concurrent users the CPU averages just below 50% and the RAM sits around 3-4 GB out of 16. This leaves us thinking that we are hitting some kind of limit somewhere. The below screenshot shows some key counters in perfmon during a load test with a total of 10,000 concurrent users. The highlighted counter is requests/second. To the right of the screenshot you can see the requests per second graph becoming really erratic. This is the main indicator for slow response times. As soon as we see this pattern we notice slow response times in the load test. How do we go about troubleshooting this performance issue? We are trying to identify if this is a coding issue or a configuration issue. Are there any settings in web.config or IIS that could explain this behaviour? The application pool is running .NET v4.0 and the IIS version is 7.5. The only change we have made from the default settings is to update the application pool Queue Length value from 1,000 to 5,000. We have also added the following config settings to the Aspnet.config file: <system.web> <applicationPool maxConcurrentRequestsPerCPU="5000" maxConcurrentThreadsPerCPU="0" requestQueueLimit="5000" /> </system.web> More details: The purpose of the API is to combine data from various external sources and return as JSON. It is currently using an InMemory cache implementation to cache individual external calls at the data layer. The first request to a resource will fetch all data required and any subsequent requests for the same resource will get results from the cache. We have a 'cache runner' that is implemented as a background process that updates the information in the cache at certain set intervals. We have added locking around the code that fetches data from the external resources. We have also implemented the services to fetch the data from the external sources in an asynchronous fashion so that the endpoint should only be as slow as the slowest external call (unless we have data in the cache of course). This is done using the System.Threading.Tasks.Task class. Could we be hitting a limitation in terms of number of threads available to the process?

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• Disk operations freeze Debian

  - by Grzenio

  Hi, I have just installed Debian testing on my new desktop and I am not very happy with performance - when I perform a disk intensive operation, e.g. upgrade packages in the system, everything seems to freeze, e.g. changing tabs in Iceweasel takes 3 seconds. I run the Debian on my 3 year old Thinkpad X60 ultra-portable, and I don't have these issues. (every single parameter of the laptop is much worse than the desktop). I am using the default packaged kernel and scripts. I run hdparm -t /dev/sda1 And I got around 96GB/s, which is expected. What else can I try to make it work better? EDIT: grzes:/home/ga# hdparm -i /dev/sda /dev/sda: Model=WDC WD15EARS-00Z5B1, FwRev=80.00A80, SerialNo=WD-WMAVU1362357 Config={ HardSect NotMFM HdSw>15uSec SpinMotCtl Fixed DTR>5Mbs FmtGapReq } RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=50 BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=unknown, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=16 CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=2930277168 IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120} PIO modes: pio0 pio3 pio4 DMA modes: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6 AdvancedPM=no WriteCache=enabled Drive conforms to: Unspecified: ATA/ATAPI-1,2,3,4,5,6,7 * signifies the current active mode EDIT2: Even my wife said "on this new computer I can't do anything when I copy the photos from the camera and its much worse than on the old one". So it must be serious. EDIT3: Updated to 2.6.32, but still no improvement EDIT4: I forgot to mention that the new disk is ext4, the old was ext3. EDIT5: Still not solved. I have a P43 ASUS P5QL-E board. Lines from dmesg that seem relevant: [ 0.370850] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 253) [ 0.370852] io scheduler noop registered [ 0.370853] io scheduler anticipatory registered [ 0.370854] io scheduler deadline registered [ 0.370876] io scheduler cfq registered (default) ... [ 0.908233] ata_piix 0000:00:1f.2: version 2.13 [ 0.908243] ata_piix 0000:00:1f.2: PCI INT B -> GSI 19 (level, low) -> IRQ 19 [ 0.908246] ata_piix 0000:00:1f.2: MAP [ P0 P2 P1 P3 ] [ 0.908275] ata_piix 0000:00:1f.2: setting latency timer to 64 [ 0.908316] scsi0 : ata_piix [ 0.908374] scsi1 : ata_piix [ 0.909180] ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xa000 ctl 0x9c00 bmdma 0x9480 irq 19 [ 0.909183] ata2: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0x9880 ctl 0x9800 bmdma 0x9488 irq 19 [ 0.909199] ata_piix 0000:00:1f.5: PCI INT B -> GSI 19 (level, low) -> IRQ 19 [ 0.909202] ata_piix 0000:00:1f.5: MAP [ P0 -- P1 -- ] [ 0.909228] ata_piix 0000:00:1f.5: setting latency timer to 64 [ 0.909279] scsi2 : ata_piix [ 0.909326] scsi3 : ata_piix [ 0.910021] ata3: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xb000 ctl 0xac00 bmdma 0xa480 irq 19 [ 0.910024] ata4: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xa880 ctl 0xa800 bmdma 0xa488 irq 19 [ 0.915575] FDC 0 is a post-1991 82077 ... [ 1.716062] ata1.00: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) [ 1.716074] ata1.01: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300) [ 1.724318] ata1.00: ATA-8: WDC WD15EARS-00Z5B1, 80.00A80, max UDMA/133 [ 1.724322] ata1.00: 2930277168 sectors, multi 16: LBA48 NCQ (depth 0/32) [ 1.740339] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133 [ 1.740428] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access ATA WDC WD15EARS-00Z 80.0 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 [ 1.746788] scsi 6:0:0:0: CD-ROM ASUS DRW-1608P 1.17 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 ... [ 1.925981] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 2930277168 512-byte logical blocks: (1.50 TB/1.36 TiB) [ 1.926005] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off [ 1.926007] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 [ 1.926020] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 1.926092] sda:sr0: scsi3-mmc drive: 40x/40x writer cd/rw xa/form2 cdda tray [ 1.931106] Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.20 [ 1.931191] sr 6:0:0:0: Attached scsi CD-ROM sr0 ... [ 1.941936] sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 < sda5 sda6 > [ 1.967691] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk [ 1.970938] sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0 [ 1.970959] sr 6:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 5 ... [ 2.500086] EXT4-fs (sda3): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode ... [ 7.150468] EXT4-fs (sda6): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode

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• Linux not buffering block I/O when the device is not "in use" (i.e. mounted)

  - by Radek Hladík

  I am installing new server and I've found an interesting issue. The server is running Fedora 19 (3.11.7-200.fc19.x86_64 kernel) and is supposed to host a few KVM/Qemu virtual servers (mail server, file server, etc..). The HW is Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU 5160 @ 3.00GHz with 16GB RAM. One of the most important features will be Samba server and we have decided to make it as virtual machine with almost direct access to the disks. So the real HDD is cached on SSD (via bcache) then raided with md and the final device is exported into the virtual machine via virtio. The virtual machine is again Fedora 19 with the same kernel. One important topic to find out is whether the virtualization layer will not introduce high overload into disk I/Os. So far I've been able to get up to 180MB/s in VM and up to 220MB/s on real HW (on the SSD disk). I am still not sure why the overhead is so big but it is more than the network can handle so I do not care so much. The interesting thing is that I've found that the disk reads are not buffered in the VM unless I create and mount FS on the disk or I use the disks somehow. Simply put: Lets do dd to read disk for the first time (the /dev/vdd is an old Raptor disk 70MB/s is its real speed): [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 36.8038 s, 71.2 MB/s Buffers: 14444 kB Rereading the data shows that they are cached somewhere but not in buffers of the VM. Also the speed increased to "only" 500MB/s. The VM has 4GB of RAM (more that the test file) [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 5.16016 s, 508 MB/s Buffers: 14444 kB [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 5.05727 s, 518 MB/s Buffers: 14444 kB Now lets mount the FS on /dev/vdd and try the dd again: [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vdd /mnt/tmp [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 4.68578 s, 559 MB/s Buffers: 2574592 kB [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 1.50504 s, 1.7 GB/s Buffers: 2574592 kB While the first read was the same, all 2.6GB got buffered and the next read was at 1.7GB/s. And when I unmount the device: [root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/tmp [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers Buffers: 14452 kB [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 5.10499 s, 514 MB/s Buffers: 14468 kB The bcache was disabled while testing and the results are same on faster (newer) HDDs and on SSD (except for the initial read speed of course). To sum it up. When I read from the device via dd first time, it gets read from the disk. Next time I reread it gets cached in the host but not in the guest (thats actually the same issue, more on that later). When I mount the filesystem but try to read the device directly it gets cached in VM (via buffers). As soon as I stop "using" it, buffers are discarded and the device is not cached anymore in the VM. When I looked into buffers value on the host I realized that the situation is the same. The block I/O gets buffered only when the disk is in use, in this case it means "exported to a VM". On host, after all the measurement done: 3165552 buffers On the host, after the VM shutdown: 119176 buffers I know it is not important as the disks will be mounted all the time but I am curious and I would like to know why it is working like this.

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• Ubuntu 12 crashed and took down network

  - by Leopd

  We recently set up a new Ubuntu 12.04LTS server on our network. It's not fully configured so it's not doing much beyond sshd and a default apache2 install. But this evening it appears to have crashed. It wasn't responding to the network or the keyboard. But the worst part is, it took down the entire network. My knowledge of the network stack below OSI layer 3 is very limited, so the rest confuses me. When this machine was physically connected to the network, no other machine could connect to the outside internet. When things were broken, running arp showed that our gateway's IP address (10.0.1.1) was listed as "invalid." Unplugging the server from the network fixed the problem, and plugging it back in broke it again. So the crashed server was advertising itself as owning the gateway's IP address? There's nothing at all in syslog during the time when it was causing problems. Any ideas about how to figure out what went wrong or what we can do to prevent it from happening again? I'm hesitant to even put the machine back on the network right now. Update ** It crashed again, and I ran tcpdump -penn arp (thanks bahamat!) for several minutes and got this... (timestamps and duplicate lines removed) 00:1e:65:f8:dc:24 > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 10.0.1.1 tell 10.0.2.191, length 46 00:1e:65:f8:dc:24 > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 10.0.1.44 tell 10.0.2.191, length 46 60:d8:19:d4:71:d6 > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 10.0.1.1 tell 10.0.2.125, length 46 d4:9a:20:04:e9:78 > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Request who-has 192.168.1.1 tell 192.168.1.100, length 28 Update 2 ** When the network is functioning properly, arping -c4 10.0.1.1 returns this: ARPING 10.0.1.1 60 bytes from c0:c1:c0:77:25:8e (10.0.1.1): index=0 time=267.982 usec 60 bytes from c0:c1:c0:77:25:8e (10.0.1.1): index=1 time=422.955 usec 60 bytes from c0:c1:c0:77:25:8e (10.0.1.1): index=2 time=299.215 usec 60 bytes from c0:c1:c0:77:25:8e (10.0.1.1): index=3 time=366.926 usec --- 10.0.1.1 statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% unanswered (0 extra) When the bad server is plugged in, arping -c4 10.0.1.1 returns: ARPING 10.0.1.1 --- 10.0.1.1 statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% unanswered (0 extra) Context ** 10.0.x.x is the main subnet. 10.0.1.1 is the main internet gateway 10.0.1.44 is a printer 10.0.2.* devices are all laptops / workstations I have no idea what's using the 192.168.x.x subnet -- your guesses are at least as good as mine. A VM on a workstation? A misconfigured WAP? Somebody re-sharing wifi? A machine that failed to DHCP? The offending ubuntu server's MAC address ends in cd:80 so isn't listed in the dump. It should DHCP to 10.0.3.3 Thanks for any help. This ARP stuff is all voodoo to me. Packets just go to IP addresses, right? ;)

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• Add a small RAID card? Will it help overall stability and performance of my nine hard drives?

  - by Ray

  Hi, Will I get any extra genuine added performance and RAID stability if I insert a basic RAID card into a PCI-E x1 slot? I am considering the Adaptec 1220SA - 2 port SATA , pci-express (1x) , raid 0/1. Ok it only supports two SATA drives. Purpose is to help support the eight internal hard drives (1TB each), a DVD drive and an external e-SATA connected 2TB hard drive - by dealing with two of the internal hard drives. My current configuration of eight internal 1TB Barracuda (7200.12) SATA hard drives, one external 2TB SATA Western Digital Green Drive (e-SATA) and one DVD drive can already be supported by the Intel P55 & JMicron controllers on the ASUS motherboard : the Intel P55 (controls six HDD; configured as three x RAID 1), and the JMicron (controls two HDD as one RAID 1, as well as the DVD drive and the external SATA drive via the motherboard's e-SATA port (controlled by the JMicron)). Bigger picture details : I have an ASUS motherboard designed for the LGA1156 type processor and it includes the Intel P55 Express Chipset and JMicron. I am using the Intel Core i7-870 processor, and have 8GB DDR3 (1333) memory (four x 2GB Corsair DIMMs). Enough overall power. The power supply is more than sufficicient for the system. Corsair AX850. The system will never need the full 850 watts (future : second graphics card). The RAID card would provide hardware RAID 1 for two of the eight intrnal drives. It would either reduce the load on : the Intel P55 firmware RAID support, or replace the JMicron controller's RAID 1 set. I am busy installing the above configuration using Windows 7 Ultimate 64-bit as the OS. The RAID card is a last minute addition to the plan. Is it worth spending the extra R700 - R900 on the Adaptec 1220SA, or equivalent RAID card? I cannot afford to spend yet another R2000 - R3000 on a RAID card that would support many SATA2 hard drives, with a better RAID, example the RAID 5. My Issue & assumption : I am trusting that the Intel P55 chipset can properly handle six drives, configured as three * RAID 1. I am assuming that the JMicron can handle, using its RED SATA ports, one RAID-1 (two HDDs). The DVD drive connects to the JMicron optical SATA port 1 (white port 1). White port 2 is not used. The e-SATA connection is from the JMicron straight to, and through the motherboard - to an on-board (rear panel) e-SATA port. Am I being a little hopeful in only using the on-board Intel P55 and the JMicron? Is it a waste of money to install a RAID card that handles two SATA2 drives? OR Is it wisdom to take the pressure a little off the Intel P55? Obviously I am interested in data security, hence RAID 1, not RAID Zero. RAID 5 would be nice. The CPU, Intel Core i7-870 will provide the clout. Context to nine drives : I am using virtualisation with Windows 7 Ultimate. Bootable VMs. The operating system gets a mirror. Loaded apps gets a mirror. The current design data is kept in another mirror and Another mirror is back-up one and / or VM territory. Then the external 2TB drive (via e-SATA) is the next layer of data security and then finally, I use off-site data security. Thanks.

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• Portable scripting language for a multi-server admin?

  - by Aaron

  Please Note: Portable as in portableapps.com, not the traditional definition. Originally posted on stackoverflow.com, asking here at another user's suggestion. I'm a DBA and sysadmin, mostly for Windows machines running SQL Server. I'm looking for a programming/scripting language for Windows that doesn't require Admin access or an installer, needing no install process other than expanding it into a folder. My intent is to have a language for automation on which I can standardize. Up to this point, I've been using a combination of batch files and Unix shell, using sh.exe from UnxUtils but it's far from a perfect solution. I've evaluated a handful of options, all of them have at least one serious shortcoming or another. I have a strong preference for something open source or dual license, but I'm more interested in finding the right tool than anything else. Not interested that anything that relies on Cygwin or Java, but at this point I'd be fine with something that needs .NET. Requirements: Manageable footprint (1-100 files, under 30 MB installed) Run on Windows XP and Server (2003+) No installer (exe, msi) Works with external pipes, processes, and files Support for MS SQL Server or ODBC connections Bonus Points: Open Source FFI for calling functions in native DLLs GUI support (native or gtk, wx, fltk, etc) Linux, AIX, and/or OS X support Dynamic, object oriented and/or functional, interpreted or bytecode compiled; interactive development Able to package or compile scripts into executables So far I've tried: Ruby: 148 MB on disk, 23000 files Portable Python: 54 MB on disk, 2800 files Strawberry Perl: 123 MB on disk, 3600 files REBOL: Great, except closed source and no MSSQL or ODBC in free version Squeak Smalltalk: Great, except poor support for scripting ---- cut: points of clarification ---- Why all the limitations? I realize some of my criteria seem arbitrarily confining. It's primarily a product my environment. I work as a SQL Server DBA and backup Unix admin at a division of a large company. In addition to near a hundred boxes running some version or another of SQL Server on Windows, I also support the SQL Server Express Edition installs on over a thousand machines in the field. Because of our security policies, I don't login rights on every machine. Often enough, an issue comes up and I'm given local Admin for some period of time. Often enough, it's some box I've never touched and don't have my own environment setup yet. I may have temporary admin rights on the box, but I'm not the admin for the machine- I'm just the DBA. I've no interest in stepping on the toes of the Windows admins, nor do I want to take over any of their duties. If I bring up "installing" something, suddenly it becomes a matter of interest for Production Control and the Windows admins; if I'm copying up a script, no one minds. The distinction may not mean much to the readers, but if someone gets the wrong idea I've suddenly got a long wait and significant overhead before I can get the tool installed and get the problem solved. That's why I want something that can be copied and run in the manner of a portable app. What about the small footprint? My company has three divisions, each in a different geographical location, and one of them is a new acquisition. We have different production control/security policies in each division. I support our MSSQL databases in all three divisions. The field machines are spread around the US, sometimes connecting to the VPN over very slow links. Installing Ruby \using psexec has taken a long time over these connections. In these instances, the bigger time waster seems to be archives with thousands and thousands of files rather than their sheer size. You could say I'm spoiled by Unix, where the admins usually have at least some modern scripting language installed; I'd use PowerShell, but I don't know it well and more importantly it isn't everywhere I need to work. It's a regular occurrence that I need to write, deploy and execute some script on short notice on some machine I've never on which logged in. Since having Ruby or something similar installed on every machine I'll ever need to touch is effectively impossible because of the approvals, time and and Windows admin labor needed I makes more sense find a solution that allows me to work on my own terms.

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• Improving TCP performance over a gigabit network lots of connections and high traffic for storage and streaming services

  - by Linux Guy

  I have two servers, Both servers hardware Specification are Processor : Dual Processor RAM : over 128 G.B Hard disk : SSD Hard disk Outging Traffic bandwidth : 3 Gbps network cards speed : 10 Gbps Server A : for Encoding videos Server B : for storage videos andstream videos over web interface like youtube The inbound bandwidth between two servers is 10Gbps , the outbound bandwidth internet bandwidth is 500Mpbs Both servers using public ip addresses in public and private network Both servers transfer and connection on nginx port , and the server B used for streaming media , like youtube stream videos Both servers in same network , when i do ping from Server A to Server B i got high time latency above 1.0ms , the time range time=52.7 ms to time=215.7 ms - This is the output of iftop utility 353Mb 707Mb 1.04Gb 1.38Gb 1.73Gb mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqvqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqvqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqvqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqvqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq server.example.com => ip.address 6.36Mb 4.31Mb 1.66Mb <= 158Kb 94.8Kb 35.1Kb server.example.com => ip.address 1.23Mb 4.28Mb 1.12Mb <= 17.1Kb 83.5Kb 21.9Kb server.example.com => ip.address 395Kb 3.89Mb 1.07Mb <= 6.09Kb 109Kb 28.6Kb server.example.com => ip.address 4.55Mb 3.83Mb 1.04Mb <= 55.6Kb 45.4Kb 13.0Kb server.example.com => ip.address 649Kb 3.38Mb 1.47Mb <= 9.00Kb 38.7Kb 16.7Kb server.example.com => ip.address 5.00Mb 3.32Mb 1.80Mb <= 65.7Kb 55.1Kb 29.4Kb server.example.com => ip.address 387Kb 3.13Mb 1.06Mb <= 18.4Kb 39.9Kb 15.0Kb server.example.com => ip.address 3.27Mb 3.11Mb 1.01Mb <= 81.2Kb 64.5Kb 20.9Kb server.example.com => ip.address 1.75Mb 3.08Mb 2.72Mb <= 16.6Kb 35.6Kb 32.5Kb server.example.com => ip.address 1.75Mb 2.90Mb 2.79Mb <= 22.4Kb 32.6Kb 35.6Kb server.example.com => ip.address 3.03Mb 2.78Mb 1.82Mb <= 26.6Kb 27.4Kb 20.2Kb server.example.com => ip.address 2.26Mb 2.66Mb 1.36Mb <= 51.7Kb 49.1Kb 24.4Kb server.example.com => ip.address 586Kb 2.50Mb 1.03Mb <= 4.17Kb 26.1Kb 10.7Kb server.example.com => ip.address 2.42Mb 2.49Mb 2.44Mb <= 31.6Kb 29.7Kb 29.9Kb server.example.com => ip.address 2.41Mb 2.46Mb 2.41Mb <= 26.4Kb 24.5Kb 23.8Kb server.example.com => ip.address 2.37Mb 2.39Mb 2.40Mb <= 28.9Kb 27.0Kb 28.5Kb server.example.com => ip.address 525Kb 2.20Mb 1.05Mb <= 7.03Kb 26.0Kb 12.8Kb qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq TX: cum: 102GB peak: 1.65Gb rates: 1.46Gb 1.44Gb 1.48Gb RX: 1.31GB 24.3Mb 19.5Mb 18.9Mb 20.0Mb TOTAL: 103GB 1.67Gb 1.48Gb 1.46Gb 1.50Gb I check the transfer speed using iperf utility From Server A to Server B # iperf -c 0.0.0.2 -p 8777 ------------------------------------------------------------ Client connecting to 0.0.0.2, TCP port 8777 TCP window size: 85.3 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [ 3] local 0.0.0.1 port 38895 connected with 0.0.0.2 port 8777 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 0.0-10.8 sec 528 KBytes 399 Kbits/sec My Current Connections in Server B # netstat -an|grep ":8777"|awk '/tcp/ {print $6}'|sort -nr| uniq -c 2072 TIME_WAIT 28 SYN_RECV 1 LISTEN 189 LAST_ACK 139 FIN_WAIT2 373 FIN_WAIT1 3381 ESTABLISHED 34 CLOSING Server A Network Card Information Settings for eth0: Supported ports: [ TP ] Supported link modes: 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Full 10000baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: Yes Advertised link modes: 10000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes Speed: 10000Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Twisted Pair PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: external Auto-negotiation: on MDI-X: Unknown Supports Wake-on: d Wake-on: d Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) drv probe link Link detected: yes Server B Network Card Information Settings for eth2: Supported ports: [ FIBRE ] Supported link modes: 10000baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: No Advertised link modes: 10000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: No Speed: 10000Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Direct Attach Copper PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: external Auto-negotiation: off Supports Wake-on: d Wake-on: d Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) drv probe link Link detected: yes ifconfig server A eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:25:90:ED:9E:AA inet addr:0.0.0.1 Bcast:0.0.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1202795665 errors:0 dropped:64334 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2313161968 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:893413096188 (832.0 GiB) TX bytes:3360949570454 (3.0 TiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:2207544 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2207544 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:247769175 (236.2 MiB) TX bytes:247769175 (236.2 MiB) ifconfig Server B eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:25:90:82:C4:FE inet addr:0.0.0.2 Bcast:0.0.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:39973046980 errors:0 dropped:1828387600 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:69618752480 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3013976063688 (2.7 TiB) TX bytes:102250230803933 (92.9 TiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:1049495 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1049495 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:129012422 (123.0 MiB) TX bytes:129012422 (123.0 MiB) Netstat -i on Server B # netstat -i Kernel Interface table Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eth2 9000 0 42098629968 0 2131223717 0 73698797854 0 0 0 BMRU lo 65536 0 1077908 0 0 0 1077908 0 0 0 LRU I Turn up send/receive buffers on the network card to 2048 and problem still persist I increase the MTU for server A and problem still persist and i increase the MTU for server B for better connectivity and transfer speed but it couldn't transfer at all The problem is : as you can see from iperf utility, the transfer speed from server A to server B slow when i restart network service in server B the transfer in server A at full speed, after 2 minutes , it's getting slow How could i troubleshoot slow speed issue and fix it in server B ? Notice : if there any other commands i should execute in servers for more information, so it might help resolve the problem , let me know in comments

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• Windows 7: Search indexing is stuck

  - by Ricket

  When I open Indexing Options, it says: 4,317 items indexed Indexing in progress. Search results might not be complete during this time. It's stuck at 4,317 though; no more items have been indexed. Worst of all, SearchIndexer.exe is taking up 100% CPU (well, 50%, but I have a dual core CPU; it's taking up all processing power it can). It is not causing hard drive activity though. I tried clicking "Troubleshoot search and indexing" at the bottom of the Indexing Options window, but it couldn't find any problem. I've also tried the repair registry key that several websites suggest; I change HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Search SetupCompletedSuccessfully to 0 and restarted the computer, and it apparently repaired because it flipped back to 1, but the same problem continues to occur. It's reducing the battery life of my laptop and making it really hot so that my fans are running all the time. I've had to disable the Windows Search service. How can I fix this? Do I need to just flat-out reformat my computer? Update: I've tried rebuilding a couple times. There's nothing unusual about the locations I have to index, and I don't have any downloads in progress or anything like that. I don't see any reason why it stopped, and I noticed it much too late to do a system restore. At this point, I'm hoping someone will offer up some secret answer that will fix the problem, thus the bounty. Another update: I tried starting the service again, just to let it try yet again. It seemed okay at first (Indexing Options showed it operating at reduced speed due to user activity, and the number of files was going up). A while later I checked, and the service had stopped. Event viewer revealed some errors like this: Log Name: Application Source: Application Error Date: 2/1/2010 7:34:23 PM Event ID: 1000 Task Category: (100) Level: Error Keywords: Classic User: N/A Computer: ricky-win7 Description: Faulting application name: SearchIndexer.exe, version: 7.0.7600.16385, time stamp: 0x4a5bcdd0 Faulting module name: NLSData0007.dll, version: 6.1.7600.16385, time stamp: 0x4a5bda88 Exception code: 0xc0000005 Fault offset: 0x002141ba Faulting process id: 0x13a0 Faulting application start time: 0x01caa39f2a70ec02 Faulting application path: C:\Windows\system32\SearchIndexer.exe Faulting module path: C:\Windows\System32\NLSData0007.dll Report Id: b4f7a7ae-0f92-11df-87fc-e5d65d8794c2 Event Xml: <Event xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/win/2004/08/events/event"> <System> <Provider Name="Application Error" /> <EventID Qualifiers="0">1000</EventID> <Level>2</Level> <Task>100</Task> <Keywords>0x80000000000000</Keywords> <TimeCreated SystemTime="2010-02-02T00:34:23.000000000Z" /> <EventRecordID>10689</EventRecordID> <Channel>Application</Channel> <Computer>ricky-win7</Computer> <Security /> </System> <EventData> <Data>SearchIndexer.exe</Data> <Data>7.0.7600.16385</Data> <Data>4a5bcdd0</Data> <Data>NLSData0007.dll</Data> <Data>6.1.7600.16385</Data> <Data>4a5bda88</Data> <Data>c0000005</Data> <Data>002141ba</Data> <Data>13a0</Data> <Data>01caa39f2a70ec02</Data> <Data>C:\Windows\system32\SearchIndexer.exe</Data> <Data>C:\Windows\System32\NLSData0007.dll</Data> <Data>b4f7a7ae-0f92-11df-87fc-e5d65d8794c2</Data> </EventData> </Event> If you are having the same error and arrived here from a Google search, please comment or add an answer detailing your progress on this, if any...

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• Ubuntu error: no candidate ver

  - by codedude

  Ok...so for some reason by Ubuntu 10.04 partition won't startup anymore. I'm not exactly sure what I did. I have the feeling that I accidentally removed some important packages. However, when I startup in Recovery Mode and select "dpkg: repair broken packages" I get this output: rm: cannot remove /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/*': No such file or directory rm: cannot remove/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/*': No such file or directory Reading Cache Reading Package lists: Done Reading State Information: Done Reading State Information: Done Reading State Information: Done No candidate ver: libisc44 No candidate ver: readahead No candidate ver: libdirectfb-1.0-0 No candidate ver: upstart-logd No candidate ver: libparted1.8-10 No candidate ver: libflickrnet2.1.5-cil No candidate ver: libicu38 No candidate ver: fast-user-switch-applet No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-11-generic No candidate ver: libnm-util0 No candidate ver: libwebkit-1.0-1 No candidate ver: libopal3.6.1 No candidate ver: libbind9-40 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-common No candidate ver: upstart-compat-sysv No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-13-generic No candidate ver: chromium-browser No candidate ver: libisc45 No candidate ver: belocs-locales-bin No candidate ver: libxcb-xlib0 No candidate ver: libpoppler4 No candidate ver: libpulsecore9 No candidate ver: libpulsecore5 No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-15-generic No candidate ver: libntfs-3g49 No candidate ver: libisccfg40 No candidate ver: libavahi-core5 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.27-7-generic No candidate ver: libparted1.8-9 No candidate ver: libmagickwand1 No candidate ver: libwvstreams4.4-base No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-14-generic No candidate ver: libraw1394-8 No candidate ver: libdatrie0 No candidate ver: libboost-program-options1.35.0 No candidate ver: libgnomekbdui3 No candidate ver: libsgutils1 No candidate ver: libass1 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-15-generic No candidate ver: libindicate1 No candidate ver: libgnomekbd3 No candidate ver: system-services No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-13-generic No candidate ver: libmagick10 No candidate ver: libcolamd-3.2.0 No candidate ver: desktop-effects-kde No candidate ver: picasa No candidate ver: libgnome-desktop-2-7 No candidate ver: libntfs-3g28 No candidate ver: libxklavier12 No candidate ver: libgpod3 No candidate ver: libmagickcore1 No candidate ver: libffado0 No candidate ver: libzephyr3 No candidate ver: libuniconf4.4 No candidate ver: libmbca0 No candidate ver: liblwres40 No candidate ver: hotkey-setup No candidate ver: libkrb53 No candidate ver: ttf-bitstream-vera No candidate ver: libee12-2 No candidate ver: libopal-2.2 No candidate ver: songbird No candidate ver: plib1.8.4c2 No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.27-7-generic No candidate ver: libpoppler3 No candidate ver: google-chrome-unstable No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-11-generic No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-14-generic No candidate ver: simgear1.0.0 No candidate ver: libpoppler-glib3 No candidate ver: mono-common No candidate ver: libx264-65 No candidate ver: libwvstreams4.4-extras No candidate ver: libdns43 No candidate ver: libnm-glib0 No candidate ver: libpt2.6.1 No candidate ver: libisccc40 No candidate ver: libdns45 No candidate ver: libisc44 No candidate ver: readahead No candidate ver: libdirectfb-1.0-0 No candidate ver: upstart-logd No candidate ver: libparted1.8-10 No candidate ver: libflickrnet2.1.5-cil No candidate ver: libicu38 No candidate ver: fast-user-switch-applet No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-11-generic No candidate ver: libnm-util0 No candidate ver: libwebkit-1.0-1 No candidate ver: libopal3.6.1 No candidate ver: libbind9-40 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-common No candidate ver: upstart-compat-sysv No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-13-generic No candidate ver: chromium-browser No candidate ver: libisc45 No candidate ver: belocs-locales-bin No candidate ver: libxcb-xlib0 No candidate ver: libpoppler4 No candidate ver: libpulsecore9 No candidate ver: lipulsecore5 No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-15-generic No candidate ver: libntfs-3g49 No candidate ver: libisccfg40 No candidate ver: libavahi-core5 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.27-7-generic No candidate ver: libparted1.8-9 No candidate ver: libmagickwand1 No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-14-generic No candidate ver: libraw1394-8 No candidate ver: libdatrie0 No candidate ver: libboost-program-options1.35.0 No candidate ver: libgnomekbdui3 No candidate ver: libsgutils1 No candidate ver: libass1 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-15-generic No candidate ver: libindicate1 No candidate ver: libgnomekbd3 No candidate ver: system-services No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-13-generic No candidate ver: libmagick10 No candidate ver: libcolamd-3.2.0 No candidate ver: desktop-effects-kde No candidate ver: picasa No candidate ver: libgnome-desktop-2-7 No candidate ver: libntfs-3g28 No candidate ver: libxklavier12 No candidate ver: libgpod3 No candidate ver: libmagickcore1 No candidate ver: libffado0 No candidate ver: libzephyr3 No candidate ver: libuniconf4.4 No candidate ver: libmbca0 No candidate ver: liblwres40 No candidate ver: hotkey-setup No candidate ver: libkrb53 No candidate ver: ttf-bitstream-vera No candidate ver: libeel2-2 No candidate ver: libopal-2.2 No candidate ver: songbird No candidate ver: plib1.8.4c2 No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.27-7-generic No candidate ver: libpoppler3 No candidate ver: google-chrome-unstable No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-11-generic No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-14-generic No candidate ver: simgear1.0.0 No candidate ver: libpoppler-glib3 No candidate ver: mono-common No candidate ver: libx264-65 No candidate ver: libwvstreams4.4-extras No candidate ver: libdns43 No candidate ver: libnm-glib0 No candidate ver: libpt2.6.1 No candidate ver: libisccc40 No candidate ver: libdns45 Your system is up-to-date There are no upgrades available for your system. The upgrade will now be canceled. Do you want to start the upgrdae? Continue [yN] Details [d] (Sorry that is so long...) I'm assuming I'm missing each of those packages. However, when I try to install them, for example: sudo apt-get install libisc44 I get some response that this package is missing and/or it may be part of another package. I'm not exactly sure what I should do. I don't want to reinstall ubuntu, since I have it dual booted with Windows Vista and I don't want to risk anything on the Windows partition. What are your thoughts? EDIT: I've posted this on Ubuntu Forums and nobody ever responded so...yah

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• Ubuntu error: no candidate ver

  - by codedude

  Ok...so for some reason by Ubuntu 10.04 partition won't startup anymore. I'm not exactly sure what I did. I have the feeling that I accidentally removed some important packages. However, when I startup in Recovery Mode and select "dpkg: repair broken packages" I get this output: rm: cannot remove /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/*': No such file or directory rm: cannot remove/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/*': No such file or directory Reading Cache Reading Package lists: Done Reading State Information: Done Reading State Information: Done Reading State Information: Done No candidate ver: libisc44 No candidate ver: readahead No candidate ver: libdirectfb-1.0-0 No candidate ver: upstart-logd No candidate ver: libparted1.8-10 No candidate ver: libflickrnet2.1.5-cil No candidate ver: libicu38 No candidate ver: fast-user-switch-applet No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-11-generic No candidate ver: libnm-util0 No candidate ver: libwebkit-1.0-1 No candidate ver: libopal3.6.1 No candidate ver: libbind9-40 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-common No candidate ver: upstart-compat-sysv No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-13-generic No candidate ver: chromium-browser No candidate ver: libisc45 No candidate ver: belocs-locales-bin No candidate ver: libxcb-xlib0 No candidate ver: libpoppler4 No candidate ver: libpulsecore9 No candidate ver: libpulsecore5 No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-15-generic No candidate ver: libntfs-3g49 No candidate ver: libisccfg40 No candidate ver: libavahi-core5 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.27-7-generic No candidate ver: libparted1.8-9 No candidate ver: libmagickwand1 No candidate ver: libwvstreams4.4-base No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-14-generic No candidate ver: libraw1394-8 No candidate ver: libdatrie0 No candidate ver: libboost-program-options1.35.0 No candidate ver: libgnomekbdui3 No candidate ver: libsgutils1 No candidate ver: libass1 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-15-generic No candidate ver: libindicate1 No candidate ver: libgnomekbd3 No candidate ver: system-services No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-13-generic No candidate ver: libmagick10 No candidate ver: libcolamd-3.2.0 No candidate ver: desktop-effects-kde No candidate ver: picasa No candidate ver: libgnome-desktop-2-7 No candidate ver: libntfs-3g28 No candidate ver: libxklavier12 No candidate ver: libgpod3 No candidate ver: libmagickcore1 No candidate ver: libffado0 No candidate ver: libzephyr3 No candidate ver: libuniconf4.4 No candidate ver: libmbca0 No candidate ver: liblwres40 No candidate ver: hotkey-setup No candidate ver: libkrb53 No candidate ver: ttf-bitstream-vera No candidate ver: libee12-2 No candidate ver: libopal-2.2 No candidate ver: songbird No candidate ver: plib1.8.4c2 No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.27-7-generic No candidate ver: libpoppler3 No candidate ver: google-chrome-unstable No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-11-generic No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-14-generic No candidate ver: simgear1.0.0 No candidate ver: libpoppler-glib3 No candidate ver: mono-common No candidate ver: libx264-65 No candidate ver: libwvstreams4.4-extras No candidate ver: libdns43 No candidate ver: libnm-glib0 No candidate ver: libpt2.6.1 No candidate ver: libisccc40 No candidate ver: libdns45 No candidate ver: libisc44 No candidate ver: readahead No candidate ver: libdirectfb-1.0-0 No candidate ver: upstart-logd No candidate ver: libparted1.8-10 No candidate ver: libflickrnet2.1.5-cil No candidate ver: libicu38 No candidate ver: fast-user-switch-applet No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-11-generic No candidate ver: libnm-util0 No candidate ver: libwebkit-1.0-1 No candidate ver: libopal3.6.1 No candidate ver: libbind9-40 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-common No candidate ver: upstart-compat-sysv No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-13-generic No candidate ver: chromium-browser No candidate ver: libisc45 No candidate ver: belocs-locales-bin No candidate ver: libxcb-xlib0 No candidate ver: libpoppler4 No candidate ver: libpulsecore9 No candidate ver: lipulsecore5 No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-15-generic No candidate ver: libntfs-3g49 No candidate ver: libisccfg40 No candidate ver: libavahi-core5 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.27-7-generic No candidate ver: libparted1.8-9 No candidate ver: libmagickwand1 No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-14-generic No candidate ver: libraw1394-8 No candidate ver: libdatrie0 No candidate ver: libboost-program-options1.35.0 No candidate ver: libgnomekbdui3 No candidate ver: libsgutils1 No candidate ver: libass1 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-15-generic No candidate ver: libindicate1 No candidate ver: libgnomekbd3 No candidate ver: system-services No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-13-generic No candidate ver: libmagick10 No candidate ver: libcolamd-3.2.0 No candidate ver: desktop-effects-kde No candidate ver: picasa No candidate ver: libgnome-desktop-2-7 No candidate ver: libntfs-3g28 No candidate ver: libxklavier12 No candidate ver: libgpod3 No candidate ver: libmagickcore1 No candidate ver: libffado0 No candidate ver: libzephyr3 No candidate ver: libuniconf4.4 No candidate ver: libmbca0 No candidate ver: liblwres40 No candidate ver: hotkey-setup No candidate ver: libkrb53 No candidate ver: ttf-bitstream-vera No candidate ver: libeel2-2 No candidate ver: libopal-2.2 No candidate ver: songbird No candidate ver: plib1.8.4c2 No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.27-7-generic No candidate ver: libpoppler3 No candidate ver: google-chrome-unstable No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-11-generic No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-14-generic No candidate ver: simgear1.0.0 No candidate ver: libpoppler-glib3 No candidate ver: mono-common No candidate ver: libx264-65 No candidate ver: libwvstreams4.4-extras No candidate ver: libdns43 No candidate ver: libnm-glib0 No candidate ver: libpt2.6.1 No candidate ver: libisccc40 No candidate ver: libdns45 Your system is up-to-date There are no upgrades available for your system. The upgrade will now be canceled. Do you want to start the upgrdae? Continue [yN] Details [d] (Sorry that is so long...) I'm assuming I'm missing each of those packages. However, when I try to install them, for example: sudo apt-get install libisc44 I get some response that this package is missing and/or it may be part of another package. I'm not exactly sure what I should do. I don't want to reinstall ubuntu, since I have it dual booted with Windows Vista and I don't want to risk anything on the Windows partition. What are your thoughts? EDIT: I've posted this on Ubuntu Forums and nobody ever responded so...yah

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• How can I check if PHP was compiled with the UNICODE version of the Win32 API?

  - by Wesley Murch

  This is related to this Stack Overflow post: glob() can't find file names with multibyte characters on Windows? I'm having issues with PHP and files that have multibyte characters on Windows. Here's my test case: print_r(scandir('./uploads/')); print_r(glob('./uploads/*')); Correct Output on remote UNIX server: Array ( [0] => . [1] => .. [2] => filename-äöü.jpg [3] => filename.jpg [4] => test?test.jpg [5] => ??? ?????.jpg [6] => ?????????.jpg [7] => ???.jpg ) Array ( [0] => ./uploads/filename-äöü.jpg [1] => ./uploads/filename.jpg [2] => ./uploads/test?test.jpg [3] => ./uploads/??? ?????.jpg [4] => ./uploads/?????????.jpg [5] => ./uploads/???.jpg ) Incorrect Output locally on Windows: Array ( [0] => . [1] => .. [2] => ??? ?????.jpg [3] => ???.jpg [4] => ?????????.jpg [5] => filename-äöü.jpg [6] => filename.jpg [7] => test?test.jpg ) Array ( [0] => ./uploads/filename-äöü.jpg [1] => ./uploads/filename.jpg ) Here's a relevant excerpt from the answer I chose to accept (which actually is a quote from an article that was posted online over 2 years ago): From the comments on this article: http://www.rooftopsolutions.nl/blog/filesystem-encoding-and-php The output from your PHP installation on Windows is easy to explain : you installed the wrong version of PHP, and used a version not compiled to use the Unicode version of the Win32 API. For this reason, the filesystem calls used by PHP will use the legacy "ANSI" API and so the C/C++ libraries linked with this version of PHP will first try to convert yout UTF-8-encoded PHP string into the local "ANSI" codepage selected in the running environment (see the CHCP command before starting PHP from a command line window) Your version of Windows is MOST PROBABLY NOT responsible of this weird thing. Actually, this is YOUR version of PHP which is not compiled correctly, and that uses the legacy ANSI version of the Win32 API (for compatibility with the legacy 16-bit versions of Windows 95/98 whose filesystem support in the kernel actually had no direct support for Unicode, but used an internal conversion layer to convert Unicode to the local ANSI codepage before using the actual ANSI version of the API). Recompile PHP using the compiler option to use the UNICODE version of the Win32 API (which should be the default today, and anyway always the default for PHP installed on a server that will NEVER be Windows 95 or Windows 98...) I can't confirm whether this is my problem or not. I used phpinfo() and did not find anything interesting, but I wasn't sure what to look for. I've been using XAMPP for easy installations, so I'm really not sure exactly how it was installed. I'm using Windows 7, 64 bit - so forgive my ignorance, but I'm not even sure if "Win32" is relevant here. How can I check if my current version of PHP was compiled with the configuration mentioned above? PHP Version: 5.3.8 System: Windows NT WES-PC 6.1 build 7601 (Windows 7 Home Premium Edition Service Pack 1) i586 Build Date: Aug 23 2011 11:47:20 Compiler: MSVC9 (Visual C++ 2008) Architecture: x86 Configure Command: cscript /nologo configure.js "--enable-snapshot-build" "--disable-isapi" "--enable-debug-pack" "--disable-isapi" "--without-mssql" "--without-pdo-mssql" "--without-pi3web" "--with-pdo-oci=D:\php-sdk\oracle\instantclient10\sdk,shared" "--with-oci8=D:\php-sdk\oracle\instantclient10\sdk,shared" "--with-oci8-11g=D:\php-sdk\oracle\instantclient11\sdk,shared" "--enable-object-out-dir=../obj/" "--enable-com-dotnet" "--with-mcrypt=static" "--disable-static-analyze"

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• Wireshark does not see interfaces (winXP)

  - by bua

  Short story: Wireshark is working....on my winXP-32b ... usage .... Long long time later Wireshark does not work It can't find any usefull interface (just VPN) ipconfig /all Ethernet adapter Wireless Network Connection: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Dell Wireless 1490 Dual Band WLAN Mini-Card Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : SOME VALID MAC Ethernet adapter eth0: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : xxxx Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Broadcom 440x 10/100 Integrated Controller Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : SOME VALID MAC Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.12.68 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168..... ..... Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Fortinet virtual adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : SOME VALID MAC Following steps didn't help: Several Wireshark re-installation Several LIBPCAP re installation SP3 for winXP Any ideas welcome.

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• Using PHP to connect to RADIUS works on one server but not another

  - by JDS

  I have a fleet of webservers that server a LAMP webapp broken into multiple customer apps by virtualhost/domain. The platform is Ubuntu 10.04 VM + PHP 5.3 + Apache 2.2.14, on top of VMware ESX (v4 I think). This stuff's not too important, though -- I'm just setting up the background. I have one customer that connects to a RADIUS server for authentication. We've found that the app responds as if some number of web servers are configured correctly and some are not. i.e. Apparently random authentication failures or successes, with no rhyme or reason. I did a lot of analysis of our fleet, and resolved it down to the differences between two specific web servers. I'll call them "A" and "B". "A" works. "B" does not. "Works" means "connects to and gets authentication data successfully from the RADIUS server". Ultimately, I'm looking for one thing that is different, and I've exhausted everything that I can come up with, so, looking for something else. Here are things I've looked at PHP package versions (all from Ubuntu repos). These are exactly the same across servers. PECL package. There are no PECL packages that aren't installed by apt. Other libraries or packages. Nothing that was network-related or RADIUS-related was different among servers. (There were some minor package differences, though.) Network or hosting environment. I found that some of the working servers were on the same physical environment as some not-working ones (i.e. same ESX containers). So, probably, the physical network layer is not the problem. Test case. I created a test case as follows. It works on the working servers, and fails on the not-working servers, very consistently. <?php $radius = radius_auth_open(); $username = 'theusername'; $password = 'thepassword'; $hostname = '12.34.56.78'; $radius_secret = '39wmmvxghg'; if (! radius_add_server($radius,$hostname,0,$radius_secret,5,3)) { die('Radius Error 1: ' . radius_strerror($radius) . "\n"); } if (! radius_create_request($radius,RADIUS_ACCESS_REQUEST)) { die('Radius Error 2: ' . radius_strerror($radius) . "\n"); } radius_put_attr($radius,RADIUS_USER_NAME,$username); radius_put_attr($radius,RADIUS_USER_PASSWORD,$password); switch (radius_send_request($radius)) { case RADIUS_ACCESS_ACCEPT: echo 'GOOD LOGIN'; break; case RADIUS_ACCESS_REJECT: echo 'BAD LOGIN'; break; case RADIUS_ACCESS_CHALLENGE: echo 'CHALLENGE REQUESTED'; break; default: die('Radius Error 3: ' . radius_strerror($radius) . "\n"); } ?>

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• Why would Linux VM in vSphere ESXi 5.5 show dramatically increased disk i/o latency?

  - by mhucka

  I'm stumped and I hope someone else will recognize the symptoms of this problem. Hardware: new Dell T110 II, dual-core Pentium G860 2.9 GHz, onboard SATA controller, one new 500 GB 7200 RPM cabled hard drive inside the box, other drives inside but not mounted yet. No RAID. Software: fresh CentOS 6.5 virtual machine under VMware ESXi 5.5.0 (build 174 + vSphere Client). 2.5 GB RAM allocated. The disk is how CentOS offered to set it up, namely as a volume inside an LVM Volume Group, except that I skipped having a separate /home and simply have / and /boot. CentOS is patched up, ESXi patched up, latest VMware tools installed in the VM. No users on the system, no services running, no files on the disk but the OS installation. I'm interacting with the VM via the VM virtual console in vSphere Client. Before going further, I wanted to check that I configured things more or less reasonably. I ran the following command as root in a shell on the VM: for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10; do dd if=/dev/zero of=/test.img bs=8k count=256k conv=fdatasync done I.e., just repeat the dd command 10 times, which results in printing the transfer rate each time. The results are disturbing. It starts off well: 262144+0 records in 262144+0 records out 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 20.451 s, 105 MB/s 262144+0 records in 262144+0 records out 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 20.4202 s, 105 MB/s ... but after 7-8 of these, it then prints 262144+0 records in 262144+0 records out 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GG) copied, 82.9779 s, 25.9 MB/s 262144+0 records in 262144+0 records out 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 84.0396 s, 25.6 MB/s 262144+0 records in 262144+0 records out 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 103.42 s, 20.8 MB/s If I wait a significant amount of time, say 30-45 minutes, and run it again, it again goes back to 105 MB/s, and after several rounds (sometimes a few, sometimes 10+), it drops to ~20-25 MB/s again. Plotting the disk latency in vSphere's interface, it shows periods of high disk latency hitting 1.2-1.5 seconds during the times that dd reports the low throughput. (And yes, things get pretty unresponsive while that's happening.) What could be causing this? I'm comfortable that it is not due to the disk failing, because I also had configured two other disks as an additional volume in the same system. At first I thought I did something wrong with that volume, but after commenting the volume out from /etc/fstab and rebooting, and trying the tests on / as shown above, it became clear that the problem is elsewhere. It is probably an ESXi configuration problem, but I'm not very experienced with ESXi. It's probably something stupid, but after trying to figure this out for many hours over multiple days, I can't find the problem, so I hope someone can point me in the right direction. (P.S.: yes, I know this hardware combo won't win any speed awards as a server, and I have reasons for using this low-end hardware and running a single VM, but I think that's besides the point for this question [unless it's actually a hardware problem].) ADDENDUM #1: Reading other answers such as this one made me try adding oflag=direct to dd. However, it makes no difference in the pattern of results: initially the numbers are higher for many rounds, then they drop to 20-25 MB/s. (The initial absolute numbers are in the 50 MB/s range.) ADDENDUM #2: Adding sync ; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches into the loop does not make a difference at all. ADDENDUM #3: To take out further variables, I now run dd such that the file it creates is larger than the amount of RAM on the system. The new command is dd if=/dev/zero of=/test.img bs=16k count=256k conv=fdatasync oflag=direct. Initial throughput numbers with this version of the command are ~50 MB/s. They drop to 20-25 MB/s when things go south. ADDENDUM #4: Here is the output of iostat -d -m -x 1 running in another terminal window while performance is "good" and then again when it's "bad". (While this is going on, I'm running dd if=/dev/zero of=/test.img bs=16k count=256k conv=fdatasync oflag=direct.) First, when things are "good", it shows this: When things go "bad", iostat -d -m -x 1 shows this:

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• SVN Error 403 Forbidden

  - by Chris

  I can't figure this out. I try to import a new project into a svn repository from Netbeans and get 403 Forbidden. I just setup svn on my serverbox today. I can get to it through a browser just fine, though its empty as I haven't imported my project yet. Apache's path for html files is /var/www I setup the svn repo in /var/svn This is the structure of /var/svn [root@localhost svn]# ls -lR /var/svn /var/svn: total 4 drwxrwxrwx 7 apache apache 4096 2010-03-26 10:18 repo /var/svn/repo: total 36 drwxrwxrwx 2 apache apache 4096 2010-03-26 09:47 conf drwxrwxrwx 3 apache apache 4096 2010-03-26 10:18 dav drwxrwsrwx 6 apache apache 4096 2010-03-26 11:19 db -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 2 2010-03-26 09:47 format drwxrwxrwx 2 apache apache 4096 2010-03-26 09:47 hooks drwxrwxrwx 2 apache apache 4096 2010-03-26 09:47 locks -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 229 2010-03-26 09:47 README.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 15 2010-03-26 09:47 svnauth -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 43 2010-03-26 09:48 svnpass /var/svn/repo/conf: total 12 -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 1080 2010-03-26 09:47 authz -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 309 2010-03-26 09:47 passwd -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 2279 2010-03-26 09:47 svnserve.conf /var/svn/repo/dav: total 4 drwxrwxrwx 2 apache apache 4096 2010-03-26 11:19 activities.d /var/svn/repo/dav/activities.d: total 0 /var/svn/repo/db: total 48 -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 2 2010-03-26 09:47 current -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 22 2010-03-26 09:47 format -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 1920 2010-03-26 09:47 fsfs.conf -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 5 2010-03-26 09:47 fs-type -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 2 2010-03-26 09:47 min-unpacked-rev -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 4096 2010-03-26 09:47 rep-cache.db drwxrwsrwx 3 apache apache 4096 2010-03-26 09:47 revprops drwxrwsrwx 3 apache apache 4096 2010-03-26 09:47 revs drwxrwsrwx 2 apache apache 4096 2010-03-26 11:19 transactions -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 2 2010-03-26 11:19 txn-current -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 0 2010-03-26 09:47 txn-current-lock drwxrwsrwx 2 apache apache 4096 2010-03-26 11:19 txn-protorevs -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 37 2010-03-26 09:47 uuid -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 0 2010-03-26 09:47 write-lock /var/svn/repo/db/revprops: total 4 drwxrwsrwx 2 apache apache 4096 2010-03-26 09:47 0 /var/svn/repo/db/revprops/0: total 4 -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 50 2010-03-26 09:47 0 /var/svn/repo/db/revs: total 4 drwxrwsrwx 2 apache apache 4096 2010-03-26 09:47 0 /var/svn/repo/db/revs/0: total 4 -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 115 2010-03-26 09:47 0 /var/svn/repo/db/transactions: total 0 /var/svn/repo/db/txn-protorevs: total 0 /var/svn/repo/hooks: total 36 -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 1955 2010-03-26 09:47 post-commit.tmpl -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 1638 2010-03-26 09:47 post-lock.tmpl -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 2267 2010-03-26 09:47 post-revprop-change.tmpl -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 1567 2010-03-26 09:47 post-unlock.tmpl -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 3404 2010-03-26 09:47 pre-commit.tmpl -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 2410 2010-03-26 09:47 pre-lock.tmpl -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 2764 2010-03-26 09:47 pre-revprop-change.tmpl -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 2100 2010-03-26 09:47 pre-unlock.tmpl -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 2758 2010-03-26 09:47 start-commit.tmpl /var/svn/repo/locks: total 8 -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 139 2010-03-26 09:47 db.lock -rwxrwxrwx 1 apache apache 139 2010-03-26 09:47 db-logs.lock I've got httpd.conf loading svn.conf which contains: <Location /svn> DAV on DAV svn #SVNParentPath /var/svn SVNPath /var/svn/repo Authtype Basic AuthName "Subversion" AuthUserFile /var/svn/repo/svnpass Require valid-user AuthzSVNAccessFile /var/svn/repo/svnauth </Location> Full error message is: org.tigris.subversion.javahl.ClientException: RA layer request failed Server sent unexpected return value (403 Forbidden) in response to CHECKOUT request for '/svn/!svn/bln/0' Sorry for the incredibly long post, but I thought more info would be better than less. I've been fidgeting with this problem for a long time now.

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• Spring 3.0: Unable to locate Spring NamespaceHandler for XML schema namespace

  - by Nick Hristov

  My setup is fairly simple: I have a web front-end, back-end is spring-wired. I am using AOP to add a layer of security on my rpc services. It's all good, except for the fact that the web app aborts on launch: [java] SEVERE: Context initialization failed [java] org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.BeanDefinitionParsingException: Configuration problem: Unable to locate Spring NamespaceHandler for XML schema namespace [http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop] [java] Offending resource: ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/gwthandler-servlet.xml] Here is the snippet from my xml config file: <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd"> <aop:config> <aop:aspect id="security" ref="securityAspect" > <aop:pointcut id="securedServices" expression="@annotation(com.fb.boog.common.aspects.Secured)"/> <aop:before method="checkSecurity" pointcut-ref="securedServices"/> </aop:aspect> </aop:config> I read over the internets that it may be my classloading the core of the problem. Doubtful, since here is my WEB-INF/lib directory: ./WEB-INF/lib ./WEB-INF/lib/aopalliance-alpha1.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/aspectj-1.6.6.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/commons-collections.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/commons-logging.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/ehcache-core-1.7.0.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/ejb3-persistence.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate ./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate/antlr.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate/asm.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate/bsh-2.0b1.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate/cglib.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate/dom4j.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate/freemarker.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate/hibernate-annotations.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate/hibernate-shards.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate/hibernate-tools.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate/hibernate.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/hibernate/jtidy-r8-20060801.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/jabsorb ./WEB-INF/lib/jabsorb/jabsorb-1.3.1.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/jta.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/jyaml-1.3.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/postgresql-8.4-701.jdbc4.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/sjsxp.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring ./WEB-INF/lib/spring/org.springframework.aop-3.0.0.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring/org.springframework.asm-3.0.0.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring/org.springframework.aspects-3.0.0.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring/org.springframework.beans-3.0.0.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring/org.springframework.context-3.0.0.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring/org.springframework.context.support-3.0.0.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring/org.springframework.core-3.0.0.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring/org.springframework.expression-3.0.0.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring/org.springframework.instrument-3.0.0.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring/org.springframework.instrument.tomcat-3.0.0.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring/org.springframework.jdbc-3.0.0.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring/org.springframework.jms-3.0.0.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring/org.springframework.orm-3.0.0.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring/org.springframework.oxm-3.0.0.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring/org.springframework.test-3.0.0.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring/org.springframework.transaction-3.0.0.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring/org.springframework.web-3.0.0.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring/org.springframework.web.portlet-3.0.0.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring/org.springframework.web.servlet-3.0.0.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/spring/org.springframework.web.struts-3.0.0.RELEASE.jar ./WEB-INF/lib/testng-5.11-jdk15.jar ./WEB-INF/web.xml

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• Tips / techniques for high-performance C# server sockets

  - by McKenzieG1

  I have a .NET 2.0 server that seems to be running into scaling problems, probably due to poor design of the socket-handling code, and I am looking for guidance on how I might redesign it to improve performance. Usage scenario: 50 - 150 clients, high rate (up to 100s / second) of small messages (10s of bytes each) to / from each client. Client connections are long-lived - typically hours. (The server is part of a trading system. The client messages are aggregated into groups to send to an exchange over a smaller number of 'outbound' socket connections, and acknowledgment messages are sent back to the clients as each group is processed by the exchange.) OS is Windows Server 2003, hardware is 2 x 4-core X5355. Current client socket design: A TcpListener spawns a thread to read each client socket as clients connect. The threads block on Socket.Receive, parsing incoming messages and inserting them into a set of queues for processing by the core server logic. Acknowledgment messages are sent back out over the client sockets using async Socket.BeginSend calls from the threads that talk to the exchange side. Observed problems: As the client count has grown (now 60-70), we have started to see intermittent delays of up to 100s of milliseconds while sending and receiving data to/from the clients. (We log timestamps for each acknowledgment message, and we can see occasional long gaps in the timestamp sequence for bunches of acks from the same group that normally go out in a few ms total.) Overall system CPU usage is low (< 10%), there is plenty of free RAM, and the core logic and the outbound (exchange-facing) side are performing fine, so the problem seems to be isolated to the client-facing socket code. There is ample network bandwidth between the server and clients (gigabit LAN), and we have ruled out network or hardware-layer problems. Any suggestions or pointers to useful resources would be greatly appreciated. If anyone has any diagnostic or debugging tips for figuring out exactly what is going wrong, those would be great as well. Note: I have the MSDN Magazine article Winsock: Get Closer to the Wire with High-Performance Sockets in .NET, and I have glanced at the Kodart "XF.Server" component - it looks sketchy at best.

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• Winforms TabControl causing spurious Paint events for UserControl

  - by Tom Bushell

  For our project, we've written a WinForms UserControl for graphing. We're seeing some strange behavior when our control is sited in a TabControl - our control continuously fires Paint events, even when there is absolutely no activity by the user. We only see this in the TabControl. When we site our control in other containers such as Forms or Splitters, Paint is only fired when you'd expect e.g. when the control is first displayed, etc. Can anyone suggest why this might be happening? Here's a stack trace from a breakpoint in our control's Paint handler, if that's any help. OverlordFrontEnd.exe!OverlordFrontEnd.MainForm.graphControl_Paint(object sender = BI_BaseGraphXY.BaseGraphXY}, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e = {ClipRectangle = {X=0,Y=0,Width=1031,Height=408}}) Line 422 C# System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.OnPaint(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e) + 0x73 bytes BI_AppCore.dll!BI_BaseGraphXY.BaseGraphXY.OnPaint(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e = {ClipRectangle = {X=0,Y=0,Width=1031,Height=408}}) Line 377 + 0xb bytes C# System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.PaintTransparentBackground(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e, System.Drawing.Rectangle rectangle, System.Drawing.Region transparentRegion = null) + 0x16c bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.PaintBackground(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e = {ClipRectangle = {X=0,Y=0,Width=1029,Height=406}}, System.Drawing.Rectangle rectangle, System.Drawing.Color backColor, System.Drawing.Point scrollOffset) + 0xbc bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.PaintBackground(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e, System.Drawing.Rectangle rectangle) + 0x63 bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.OnPaintBackground(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs pevent) + 0x59 bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.PaintWithErrorHandling(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e = {ClipRectangle = {X=0,Y=0,Width=1029,Height=406}}, short layer, bool disposeEventArgs = false) + 0x74 bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.WmPaint(ref System.Windows.Forms.Message m) + 0x1ba bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.WndProc(ref System.Windows.Forms.Message m) + 0x33e bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.ControlNativeWindow.OnMessage(ref System.Windows.Forms.Message m) + 0x10 bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.ControlNativeWindow.WndProc(ref System.Windows.Forms.Message m) + 0x31 bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.NativeWindow.Callback(System.IntPtr hWnd, int msg = 15, System.IntPtr wparam, System.IntPtr lparam) + 0x5a bytes [Native to Managed Transition] [Managed to Native Transition] System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Application.ComponentManager.System.Windows.Forms.UnsafeNativeMethods.IMsoComponentManager.FPushMessageLoop(int dwComponentID, int reason = -1, int pvLoopData = 0) + 0x24e bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Application.ThreadContext.RunMessageLoopInner(int reason = -1, System.Windows.Forms.ApplicationContext context = {Microsoft.VisualBasic.ApplicationServices.WindowsFormsApplicationBase.WinFormsAppContext}) + 0x177 bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Application.ThreadContext.RunMessageLoop(int reason, System.Windows.Forms.ApplicationContext context) + 0x61 bytes System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Application.Run(System.Windows.Forms.ApplicationContext context) + 0x18 bytes Microsoft.VisualBasic.dll!Microsoft.VisualBasic.ApplicationServices.WindowsFormsApplicationBase.OnRun() + 0x81 bytes Microsoft.VisualBasic.dll!Microsoft.VisualBasic.ApplicationServices.WindowsFormsApplicationBase.DoApplicationModel() + 0xef bytes Microsoft.VisualBasic.dll!Microsoft.VisualBasic.ApplicationServices.WindowsFormsApplicationBase.Run(string[] commandLine) + 0x2c0 bytes OverlordFrontEnd.exe!OverlordFrontEnd.Program.Main() Line 36 + 0x10 bytes C# [Native to Managed Transition] [Managed to Native Transition] mscorlib.dll!System.AppDomain.ExecuteAssembly(string assemblyFile, System.Security.Policy.Evidence assemblySecurity, string[] args) + 0x3a bytes Microsoft.VisualStudio.HostingProcess.Utilities.dll!Microsoft.VisualStudio.HostingProcess.HostProc.RunUsersAssembly() + 0x2b bytes mscorlib.dll!System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart_Context(object state) + 0x66 bytes mscorlib.dll!System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(System.Threading.ExecutionContext executionContext, System.Threading.ContextCallback callback, object state) + 0x6f bytes mscorlib.dll!System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart() + 0x44 bytes

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• Android sending lots of SMS messages

  - by Robert Parker

  I have a app, which sends a lot of SMS messages to a central server. Each user will probably send ~300 txts/day. SMS messages are being used as a networking layer, because SMS is almost everywhere and mobile internet is not. The app is intended for use in a lot of 3rd world countries where mobile internet is not ubiquitous. When I hit a limit of 100 messages, I get a prompt for each message sent. The prompt says "A large number of SMS messages are being sent". This is not ok for the user to get prompted each time to ask if the app can send a text message. The user doesn't want to get 30 consecutive prompts. I found this android source file with google. It could be out of date, I can't tell. It looks like there is a limit of 100 sms messages every 3600000ms(1 day) for each application. http://www.netmite.com/android/mydroid/frameworks/base/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/gsm/SMSDispatcher.java /** Default checking period for SMS sent without uesr permit */ private static final int DEFAULT_SMS_CHECK_PERIOD = 3600000; /** Default number of SMS sent in checking period without uesr permit */ private static final int DEFAULT_SMS_MAX_ALLOWED = 100; and /** * Implement the per-application based SMS control, which only allows * a limit on the number of SMS/MMS messages an app can send in checking * period. */ private class SmsCounter { private int mCheckPeriod; private int mMaxAllowed; private HashMap<String, ArrayList<Long>> mSmsStamp; /** * Create SmsCounter * @param mMax is the number of SMS allowed without user permit * @param mPeriod is the checking period */ SmsCounter(int mMax, int mPeriod) { mMaxAllowed = mMax; mCheckPeriod = mPeriod; mSmsStamp = new HashMap<String, ArrayList<Long>> (); } boolean check(String appName) { if (!mSmsStamp.containsKey(appName)) { mSmsStamp.put(appName, new ArrayList<Long>()); } return isUnderLimit(mSmsStamp.get(appName)); } private boolean isUnderLimit(ArrayList<Long> sent) { Long ct = System.currentTimeMillis(); Log.d(TAG, "SMS send size=" + sent.size() + "time=" + ct); while (sent.size() > 0 && (ct - sent.get(0)) > mCheckPeriod ) { sent.remove(0); } if (sent.size() < mMaxAllowed) { sent.add(ct); return true; } return false; } } Is this even the real android code? It looks like it is in the package "com.android.internal.telephony.gsm", I can't find this package on the android website. How can I disable/modify this limit? I've been googling for solutions, but I haven't found anything.

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• Revisiting .NET, but what should I focus on?

  - by Wayne M

  After about a two-year hiatus, I'm brushing up on my .NET skills to find a .NET job (my previous two positions have very little development, or development using legacy technologies, so apart from a few very minor apps I have not touched .NET in close to two years). I'm aware of things like ASP.NET MVC, and I have previously read on things like NHibernate and DI/IOC, albeit I have yet to use them apart from very trivial "Hello World" type applications. I have a subscription to Rob Conery's Tekpub website and occasionally watch these videos when I have free time. My concern is this: I don't live in a very technical area. I would be surprised if any but the most tech-savvy companies have heard of, let alone use, ASP.NET MVC, NHibernate (or even LINQ/EF), or know about IoC. I would be willing to bet a large sum of money that 95% of the possible jobs I could obtain will use the following: Visual Source Safe, if any VCS at all ASP.NET 2.0 Webforms (3.5 if lucky) Raw ADO.NET on top of a very thin implementation of the Gateway pattern Stored Procedures in the database for most CRUD operations Gratuitous use of code-behind, with a Service layer if I'm lucky If I were extremely lucky, I might find a shop that has heard of ORMs and either uses one, or has wrote their own data abstraction. Also if I were lucky, the company would be using Model-View-Presenter. In light of this I'm not sure what I should focus on learning. Personally, I would prefer to be using the latest stuff - ASP.NET MVC, NHibernate, jQuery, WCF etc. Reality says I should go back to the basics, since it looks like most potential opportunities aren't going to be anywhere near the cutting edge, or anywhere close to it. And, as much as I would like to find a position and start to show the other developers the benefits, in my past experience this has usually resulted in my being fired for "not being a team player" and doing things the bad old way. So, I am curious how you would approach a situation like this? What should I focus on, in order to A) Reaquaint myself with .NET, and B) Prepare myself to obtain a .NET job again that is more than likely going to use techniques that I and most other knowledgeable developers will scoff at?

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• CGContextDrawPDFPage doesn't seem to persist in CGContext

  - by erichf

  I am trying to access the pixels of a CGContext written to with a PDF, but the bitmap buffer doesn't seem to update. Any help would be appreciated: //Get the reference to our current page pageRef = CGPDFDocumentGetPage(docRef, iCurrentPage); //Start with a media crop, but see if we can shrink to smaller crop CGRect pdfRect1 = CGRectIntegral(CGPDFPageGetBoxRect(pageRef, kCGPDFMediaBox)); CGRect r1 = CGRectIntegral(CGPDFPageGetBoxRect(pageRef, kCGPDFCropBox)); if (!CGRectIsEmpty(r1)) pdfRect1 = r1; int wide = pdfRect1.size.width + pdfRect1.origin.x; int high = pdfRect1.size.height + pdfRect1.origin.y; CGContextRef ctxBuffer = NULL; CGColorSpaceRef colorSpace; UInt8* bitmapData; int bitmapByteCount; int bitmapBytesPerRow; bitmapBytesPerRow = (wide * 4); bitmapByteCount = (bitmapBytesPerRow * high); colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB(); bitmapData = malloc( bitmapByteCount ); if (bitmapData == NULL) { DebugLog (@"Memory not allocated!"); return; } ctxBuffer = CGBitmapContextCreate (bitmapData, wide, high, 8, // bits per component bitmapBytesPerRow, colorSpace, kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast | kCGBitmapByteOrder32Big); // if (ctxBuffer== NULL) { free (bitmapData); DebugLog (@"Context not created!"); return; } CGColorSpaceRelease( colorSpace ); //White out the current context CGContextSetRGBFillColor(ctxBuffer, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0); CGContextFillRect(ctxBuffer, CGContextGetClipBoundingBox(ctxBuffer)); CGContextDrawPDFPage(ctxBuffer, pageRef); //!!!This displays just fine to the context passed in from - (void)drawLayer:(CALayer *)layer inContext:(CGContextRef)ctx. That is, I can see the PDf page rendered, so we know ctxBuffer was created correctly //However, if I view bitmapData in memory, it only shows as 0xFF (or whatever fill color I use) CGImageRef img = CGBitmapContextCreateImage(ctxBuffer); CGContextDrawImage(ctx, tiledLayer.frame, img); void *data = CGBitmapContextGetData (ctx); for (int i = 0; i < wide; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < high; j++) { //All of the bytes show as 0xFF (or whatever fill color I test with)?! int byteIndex = (j * 4) + i * 4; UInt8 red = bitmapData[byteIndex]; UInt8 green = bitmapData[byteIndex + 1]; UInt8 blue = bitmapData[byteIndex + 2]; UInt8 alpha = m_PixelBuf[byteIndex + 3]; } } I have also tried using CGDataProviderCopyData(CGImageGetDataProvider(img)) & CFDataGetBytePtr, but the results are the same?

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• How much abstraction is too much?

  - by Daniel Bingham

  In an Object Oriented Program: How much abstraction is too much? How much is just right? I have always been a nuts and bolts kind of guy. I understood the concept behind high levels of encapsulation and abstraction, but always felt instinctively that adding too much would just confuse the program. I always tried to shoot for an amount of abstraction that left no empty classes or layers. And where in doubt, instead of adding a new layer to the hierarchy, I would try and fit something into the existing layers. However, recently I've been encountering more highly abstracted systems. Systems where everything that could require a representation later in the hierarchy gets one up front. This leads to a lot of empty layers, which at first seems like bad design. However, on second thought I've come to realize that leaving those empty layers gives you more places to hook into in the future with out much refactoring. It leaves you greater ability to add new functionality on top of the old with out doing nearly as much work to adjust the old. The two risks of this seem to be that you could get the layers you need wrong. In this case one would wind up still needing to do substantial refactoring to extend the code and would still have a ton of never used layers. But depending on how much time you spend coming up with the initial abstractions, the chance of screwing it up, and the time that could be saved later if you get it right - it may still be worth it to try. The other risk I can think of is the risk of over doing it and never needing all the extra layers. But is that really so bad? Are extra class layers really so expensive that it is much of a loss if they are never used? The biggest expense and loss here would be time that is lost up front coming up with the layers. But much of that time still might be saved later when one can work with the abstracted code rather than more low level code. So when is it too much? At what point do the empty layers and extra "might need" abstractions become overkill? How little is too little? Where's the sweet spot? Are there any dependable rules of thumb you've found in the course of your career that help you judge the amount of abstraction needed?

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