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• Another C datatypes question

  - by b-gen-jack-o-neill

  Hello. Well, I completely get the most basic datatypes of C, like short, int, long, float, to be exact, all numerical types.These types are needed to be known perform right operations with right numbers. For example to use FPU to add two float numbers. So the compiler must know what the type is. But, when it comes to characters I am little bit off. I know that basic C datatype char is there for ASCII characters coding. But what I don´t know is, why you even need another datatype for characters. Why could not you just use 1 byte integer value to store ASCII character. If you call printf, you apecify the datatype in the call, so you could say to printf that the integer represents ASCII character. I dont know how cout resolves datatype, but I guess you could just specify it somehow. Another thing is, when you want to use Unicode, you must use datatype wchar. But, what if I would like to use some another, for example ISO, or Windows coding instead of UTF? Becouse wchar codes characters as UTF-16 or UTF-32 (I read its compiler specific). And, what if I would want to use for example some imaginary new 8 byte text coding? What datatype should I use for it? I am actually pretty confused of this, becouse I always expected that if I want to use UTF-32 instead of ASCII, I just tell compiler "get UTF-32 value of the character I typed and save it into 4 char field." I thought that text coding is to be dealt with by the end, print function for example. That I just need to specify the coding for the compiler to use, since Windows doesent use ASCII in win32 apps, I guess C compiler must convert the char I typed to ASCII from whatever the type is that windows sends to the C editor. And the last thing is, what if I want to use for example 25 Byte integer for some high math operations? C has no specify-yourself datatype. Yes, I know that this would be difficult since all the math operations would need to be changed, becouse CPU can not add 25 Bytes numbers together. But is there a way to do it? Or is there some math library for it? What if I want to compute Pi to 1000000000000000 digits? :) I know my question is pretty long, but I just wanted to explain my thoughts the best I can in English, since its not my native language it is difficult. And I believe there is simple answer to my question(s), something I missed that explains everything. I read lot about text coding, C tutorials, but nothing about his. Thank you for your time.

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• c# - How do you get a variable's name as it was physically typed in its declaration?

  - by Petras

  The class below contains the field city. I need to dynamically determine the field's name as it is typed in the class declaration i.e. I need to get the string "city" from an instance of the object city. I have tried to do this by examining its Type in DoSomething() but can't find it when examining the contents of the Type in the debugger. Is it possible? public class Person { public string city = "New York"; public Person() { } public void DoSomething() { Type t = city.GetType(); string field_name = t.SomeUnkownFunction(); //would return the string "city" if it existed! } } Some people in their answers below have asked me why I want to do this. Here's why. In my real world situation, there is a custom attribute above city. [MyCustomAttribute("param1", "param2", etc)] public string city = "New York"; I need this attribute in other code. To get the attribute, I use reflection. And in the reflection code I need to type the string "city" MyCustomAttribute attr; Type t = typeof(Person); foreach (FieldInfo field in t.GetFields()) { if (field.Name == "city") { //do stuff when we find the field that has the attribute we need } } Now this isn't type safe. If I changed the variable "city" to "workCity" in my field declaration in Person this line would fail unless I knew to update the string if (field.Name == "workCity") //I have to make this change in another file for this to still work, yuk! { } So I am trying to find some way to pass the string to this code without physically typing it. Yes, I could declare it as a string constant in Person (or something like that) but that would still be typing it twice. Phew! That was tough to explain!! Thanks Thanks to all who answered this * a lot*. It sent me on a new path to better understand lambda expressions. And it created a new question.

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• Powershell $LastExitCode=0 but $?=False . Redirecting stderr to stdout gives NativeCommandError

  - by Colonel Panic

  Can anyone explain Powershell's surprising behaviour in the second example below? First, a example of sane behaviour: PS C:\> & cmd /c "echo Hello from standard error 1>&2"; echo "`$LastExitCode=$LastExitCode and `$?=$?" Hello from standard error $LastExitCode=0 and $?=True No surprises. I print a message to standard error (using cmd's echo). I inspect the variables $? and $LastExitCode. They equal to True and 0 respectively, as expected. However, if I ask Powershell to redirect standard error to standard output over the first command, I get a NativeCommandError: PS C:\> & cmd /c "echo Hello from standard error 1>&2" 2>&1; echo "`$LastExitCode=$LastExitCode and `$?=$?" cmd.exe : Hello from standard error At line:1 char:4 + cmd <<<< /c "echo Hello from standard error 1>&2" 2>&1; echo "`$LastExitCode=$LastExitCode and `$?=$?" + CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (Hello from standard error :String) [], RemoteException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : NativeCommandError $LastExitCode=0 and $?=False My first question, why the NativeCommandError ? Secondly, why is $? False when cmd ran successfully and $LastExitCode is 0? Powershell's docs about_Automatic_Variables don't explicitly define $?. I always supposed it is True if and only if $LastExitCode is 0 but my example contradicts that. Here's how I came across this behaviour in the real-world (simplified). It really is FUBAR. I was calling one Powershell script from another. The inner script: cmd /c "echo Hello from standard error 1>&2" if (! $?) { echo "Job failed. Sending email.." exit 1 } # do something else Running this simply .\job.ps1, it works fine, no email is sent. However, I was calling it from another Powershell script, logging to a file .\job.ps1 2>&1 > log.txt. In this case, an email is sent! Here, the act of observing a phenomenon changes its outcome. This feels like quantum physics rather than scripting! [Interestingly: .\job.ps1 2>&1 may or not blow up depending on where you run it]

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• CoGetClassObject gives many First-chance exceptions in ATL project. Should I worry?

  - by Andrew

  Hello, I have written a COM object that in turn uses a thrid party ActiveX control. In my FinalConstruct() for my COM object, I instantiate the ActiveX control with the follow code: HRESULT hRes; LPCLASSFACTORY2 pClassFactory; hRes = CoInitializeEx(NULL,COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED); bool bTest = SUCCEEDED(hRes); if (!bTest) return E_FAIL; if (SUCCEEDED(CoGetClassObject(__uuidof(SerialPortSniffer), CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, NULL, IID_IClassFactory2, (LPVOID *)(&pClassFactory)))) { ... more set up code When I step over the line if (SUCCEEDED(CoGetClassObject(__uuidof(SerialPortSniffer), ..., I get 20+ lines in the Output window stating: First-chance exception at 0x0523f82e in SillyComDriver.exe: 0xC0000005: Access violation writing location 0x00000000. I also get the lines: First-chance exception at 0x051e3f3d in SillyComDriver.exe: 0xC0000096: Privileged instruction. First-chance exception at 0x100ab9e6 in SillyComDriver.exe: 0xC000001D: Illegal Instruction. Notice these are first-chance exceptions. The program runs as expected I can access the third party methods/properties. Still, I'm left wondering why they are occurring. Perhaps my way of instantiating the ActiveX control (for which I want use of it's methods/properties and not it's GUI stuff) is incorrect? Besides the code I'm showing, I also put the line import "spsax.dll" no_namespace in the stdafx.h That's all the code necessary for my simple demo project. I noticed this problem because I had (inadvertently) set the "break on exceptions" options in my "real" project and it was breaking on this line. Once I removed it, it also works. If you're read this far thank you, and perhaps I can ask one other minor question. In my demo project, if I right click on SerialPortSniffer and "go to definition", it takes me to the file C:....\AppData\Local\Temp\spsax.tlh. Can someone explain that? Finally, in my "real" project, right clicking on SerialPortSniffer and going to difinition leads to "The symbol 'SerialPortSniffer' is not defined". It doesn't seem to affect the program though. Is there some setting I've messed up? By the way, all my code is written w/ VS2008. Thanks, Dave

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• How to catch 'exceptions' for out of order execution in Workflow Foundation 4?

  - by Alex Key

  Hi, I am attempting to model a worklfow using a "WCF Workflow Service" in .net / vs 2010 that needs to handle out of order execution gracefully (but not allow it - if thath makes sense!?) For example I have 2 receive activities one called Initialize and the other called GetValue inside a FlowChart. In most cases Initialize should be called first and GetValue after (as modled in the flow chart). However if GetValue is executed before Initialize I do not want to return an "out of order" exception (although when I look at the WCF test client, I can't actually see an exception). But instead a custom exception saying something like "you must initialize first". In theory I could model this with lots of parallel activities and conditions to check if Initialized / Running / Terminated etc. But the business process I am modelling if very very similar to a state machine... except it must handle people executing things in the wrong order. Ideally I would like to catch the "out of order" exception (thought I don't think it's really an exception as such), check the 'exception' to see which function was attempted to run and then handle it. I have done some research around enabling AllowBufferedReceive. However I don't want to be able to execute out of order (I don't think), but instead give a detailed response if it does happen. I've looked at the new beta state machine template for WF 4 - but i'm not sure if it does what i'm after? I'm not sure if I have the wrong end of the stick, so any help would be greatly appreciated. [EDIT] To help clarify... Sorry it's a tricky one to explain. The standard I am trying to implement (the e-learning standard SCORM RTE) is structured like a state machine i.e. certain functions can only be executed in certain states. However the standard specifies that if the calling clients tries to execute a function that it is not meant to, then a warning should be issued... for example "you cannot use GetValue(), because you have not yet Initialized". Ideally I'd like to structure the workflow as the theoretical state machine and not need to have to use multiple if/else's to handle all the scenarios where something could be executed out-of-order. I'd like to catch a out-of-order exception (but I don't think there is such an exception - as it's not in the debugger) and rethrow it.

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• Need Help on OAuthException Code 2500

  - by Deepak

  I am trying to develop an Facebook application (apps.facebook.com/some_app) using PHP where I need to present some information based on user's music interests. I found that its under "user_likes games". My problems are as follows: To gain access, I have implemented the oauth dialog method as suggested in API in my index page. $auth_url = "http://www.facebook.com/dialog/oauth?client_id=" . $app_id . "&redirect_uri=" . urlencode($canvas_page) ."&scope=user_likes"; After successful authorization I come back to index page with "code" as parameters. http://MY_CANVAS_PAGE/?code=some base64 encoded letters Firstly I don't know if I need access_token just to read user's music interests but I have tried all the methods suggested. I couldn't move forward from this point I have a code like this (in my index page), which redirects for authorization if code parameters is not set. if(empty($code) && !isset($_REQUEST['error'])) { $_SESSION['state'] = md5(uniqid(rand(), TRUE)); //CSRF protection echo("<script> top.location.href='" . $auth_url . "'</script>"); } Currently I am just trying to get user's public information here but with no success. I have tried the signed_request method as suggested but no success $signed_request = $_REQUEST["signed_request"]; list($encoded_sig, $payload) = explode('.', $signed_request, 2); $data = json_decode(base64_decode(strtr($payload, '-_', '+/')), true); echo ("Welcome User: " . $data["user_id"]); Also tried the code found in http://developers.facebook.com/blog/post/500/ but I am getting error when trying to get the debug info using print_r($decoded_response); stdClass Object ( [error] => stdClass Object ( [message] => An active access token must be used to query information about the current user. [type] => OAuthException [code] => 2500 ) ) To get user's public info, I have tried also the suggested example in PHP SDK $facebook = new Facebook(array( 'appId' => MY_APP_ID, //registered facebook APP ID 'secret' => MY_SECRET, //secret key for APP )); $fb_user = $facebook->getUser(); if($fb_user){ try { $user_profile = $facebook->api('/me'); echo $user_profile['email']; } catch(FacebookApiException $e) { $fb_user = null; } } But no success. Can somebody explain me why I am getting this error and how to access the user's music interest properly. Probably I misunderstood the API. Thanks Deepak

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• Criteria query returns hydrated object in SQLite but not SqlServer

  - by Berryl

  I have a method that returns a resource fully hydrated when the db is SQLite but when the identical code is used by SqlServer the object is not fully hydrated. I'll explain that with the code after some brief background. I my domain various otherwise unrelated things like an Employee or a Machine can be used as a Resource that can be allocated to. In the object model an example of this would be: /// <summary>Wraps a <see cref="StaffMember"/> in a <see cref="ResourceBase"/>. </summary> public class StaffMemberResource : ResourceBase { public virtual StaffMember StaffMember { get; private set; } public StaffMemberResource(StaffMember staffMember) { Check.RequireNotNull<StaffMember>(staffMember); base.BusinessId = staffMember.Number.ToString(); base.Name = staffMember.Name.ToString(); base.OrganizationName = staffMember.Department.Name; StaffMember = staffMember; } [UsedImplicitly] protected StaffMemberResource() { } } And in the db tables, there is a table per class inheritance where the ResourceBase has a discriminator and the id of the actual resource (ie, StaffMember) StaffMember - 1 ---- M- ResourceBase - 1 ----- M - Allocation The Code public override StaffMemberResource BuildResource(IActivityService activityService) { var sessionFactory = _GetSessionFactory(); var session = sessionFactory.GetCurrentSession(); StaffMemberResource result; using (var tx = session.BeginTransaction()) { var propertyName = ExprHelper.GetPropertyName<StaffMember>(x => x.Number); var staff = session.CreateCriteria<StaffMember>() .Add(Restrictions.Eq(propertyName, new EmployeeNumber(_testData.Resource_1.BusinessId))) .UniqueResult<StaffMember>(); if (staff == null) { ... build up a staff member result = new StaffMemberResource(staff); } else { ////////// var property = ExprHelper.GetPropertyName<StaffMemberResource>(x => x.StaffMember); result = session.CreateCriteria<StaffMemberResource>() .Add(Restrictions.Eq(property, staff)) .UniqueResult<StaffMemberResource>(); } /////////// tx.Commit(); } return result; } It's that second criteria query that works "properly" with SQLite but not with SqlServer. By properly I mean that the employee numer is translated into a ResourceBase.BusinessId, Name is flattened out into a ResourceBase.Name, etc. Does anyone know why this might be? Cheers, Berryl

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• Sorting based on existing elements in xslt

  - by Teelo

  Hi , I want to sort in xslt based on existing set of pattern . Let me explain with the code: <Types> <Type> <Names> <Name>Ryan</Name> </Names> <Address>2344</Address> </Type> <Type> <Names> </Name>Timber</Name> </Names> <Address>1234</Address> </Type> <Type> <Names> </Name>Bryan</Name> </Names> <Address>34</Address> </Type> </Types> Right now I m just calling it and getting it like (all hyperlinks) Ryan Timber Bryan Now I don't want sorting on name but I have existing pattern how I want it to get displayed.Like Timber Bryan Ryan (Also I don't want to lose the url attached to my names earlier while doing this) I was thinking of putting earlier value in some array and sort based on the other array where I will store my existing pattern. But I am not sure how to achieve that.. My xslt looks like this now(there can be duplicate names also) <xsl:for-each select="/Types/Type/Names/Name/text()[generate-id()=generate-id(key('Name',.)[1])]"> <xsl:call-template name="typename"> </xsl:call-template> </xsl:for-each> <xsl:template name="typename"> <li> <a href="somelogicforurl"> <xsl:value-of select="."/> </a> </li> </xsl:template> I am using xsl 1.0

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• c++ quick sort running time

  - by chnet

  I have a question about quick sort algorithm. I implement quick sort algorithm and play it. The elements in initial unsorted array are random numbers chosen from certain range. I find the range of random number effects the running time. For example, the running time for 1, 000, 000 random number chosen from the range (1 - 2000) takes 40 seconds. While it takes 9 seconds if the 1,000,000 number chosen from the range (1 - 10,000). But I do not know how to explain it. In class, we talk about the pivot value can effect the depth of recursion tree. For my implementation, the last value of the array is chosen as pivot value. I do not use randomized scheme to select pivot value. int partition( vector<int> &vec, int p, int r) { int x = vec[r]; int i = (p-1); int j = p; while(1) { if (vec[j] <= x){ i = (i+1); int temp = vec[j]; vec[j] = vec[i]; vec[i] = temp; } j=j+1; if (j==r) break; } int temp = vec[i+1]; vec[i+1] = vec[r]; vec[r] = temp; return i+1; } void quicksort ( vector<int> &vec, int p, int r) { if (p<r){ int q = partition(vec, p, r); quicksort(vec, p, q-1); quicksort(vec, q+1, r); } } void random_generator(int num, int * array) { srand((unsigned)time(0)); int random_integer; for(int index=0; index< num; index++){ random_integer = (rand()%10000)+1; *(array+index) = random_integer; } } int main() { int array_size = 1000000; int input_array[array_size]; random_generator(array_size, input_array); vector<int> vec(input_array, input_array+array_size); clock_t t1, t2; t1 = clock(); quicksort(vec, 0, (array_size - 1)); // call quick sort int length = vec.size(); t2 = clock(); float diff = ((float)t2 - (float)t1); cout << diff << endl; cout << diff/CLOCKS_PER_SEC <<endl; }

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• Regular expression does not find the first occurrence

  - by scharan

  I have the following input to a perl script and I wish to get the first occurrence of NAME="..." strings in each of the ... structures. The entire file is read into a single string and the reg exp acts on that input. However, the regex always returns the LAST occurrence of NAME="..." strings. Can anyone explain what is going on and how this can be fixed? Input file: ADSDF <TABLE> NAME="ORDERSAA" line1 line2 NAME="ORDERSA" line3 NAME="ORDERSAB" </TABLE> <TABLE> line1 line2 NAME="ORDERSB" line3 </TABLE> <TABLE> line1 line2 NAME="ORDERSC" line3 </TABLE> <TABLE> line1 line2 NAME="ORDERSD" line3 line3 line3 </TABLE> <TABLE> line1 line2 NAME="QUOTES2" line3 NAME="QUOTES3" NAME="QUOTES4" line3 NAME="QUOTES5" line3 </TABLE> <TABLE> line1 line2 NAME="QUOTES6" NAME="QUOTES7" NAME="QUOTES8" NAME="QUOTES9" line3 line3 </TABLE> <TABLE> NAME="MyName IsKhan" </TABLE> Perl Code starts here: use warnings; use strict; my $nameRegExp = '(<table>((NAME="(.+)")|(.*|\n))*</table>)'; sub extractNames($$){ my ($ifh, $ofh) = @_; my $fullFile; read ($ifh, $fullFile, 1024);#Hardcoded to read just 1024 bytes. while( $fullFile =~ m#$nameRegExp#gi){ print "found: ".$4."\n"; } } sub main(){ if( ($#ARGV + 1 )!= 1){ die("Usage: extractNames infile\n"); } my $infileName = $ARGV[0]; my $outfileName = $ARGV[1]; open my $inFile, "<$infileName" or die("Could not open log file $infileName"); my $outFile; #open my $outFile, ">$outfileName" or die("Could not open log file $outfileName"); extractNames( $inFile, $outFile ); close( $inFile ); #close( $outFile ); } #call main();

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• Overloading framework methods in objective-c, or retaining local changes with framework updates.

  - by Jeff B

  I am using cocos2d to build an iPhone game. It's mostly done, but along the way I came across some things that I would like to handle better. I am fairly new to Objective C, and honestly I do more Perl scripting in my day-to-day job than anything, so my C skills are a little rusty. One of them is the fact that I have modified cocos2d files for some specific cases in my game. However, when I update to a new version, I have to manually pull my changes forward. So, the question is, what is the best way to deal with this? Some options I have thought of: Overload/redefine the cocos2d classes. I was under the impression that I cannot overload existing class functions, so I don't think this will work. Create patches that I re-apply after library updates. I don't think this will work as the new files won't necessarily be the same as the old ones, and if they were, I could just copy the whole file forward. Turn in my changes to Cocos2d. Not an option as my changes are very specific to my application. Am I missing something obvious? UPDATE: I will explain what I am doing to be more clear. Cocos2d has a CCNode object, which can contain children, etc. I added a shadow, which is very similar to a child, but handled a little differently. The shadow has an offset from the parent, and translates with it's parent, rotates around it's own center when the parent rotates, etc. The shadow is not included as a true child, however, so given the correct z-index, the shadows can render under ALL other objects, but still move with the parent. To do this I added addShadow functions to CCNode, and modified the setPosition and setRotate functions to move the shadowSprite: CCNode.m: -(id) init { if ((self=[super init]) ) { ... shadowSprite_ = nil; ... } } ... -(BOOL) addShadow: (CCNode*) child offset: (CGPoint) offset { shadowSprite_ = child; shadowSprite_.position = CGPointMake(position_.x+offset.x, position_.y+offset.y); return YES; } ... -(void) setRotation: (float)newRotation { rotation_ = newRotation; isTransformDirty_ = isInverseDirty_ = YES; if(shadowSprite_) { [shadowSprite_ setRotation: newRotation]; } } There is more, of course, including the prototypes in the .h file, but that is the basics. I don't think I need shadowSprite to be a property, because I don't need to access it after it has been added.

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• What's a clean way to break up a DataTable into chunks of a fixed size with Linq?

  - by Michael Haren

  Update: Here's a similar question Suppose I have a DataTable with a few thousand DataRows in it. I'd like to break up the table into chunks of smaller rows for processing. I thought C#3's improved ability to work with data might help. This is the skeleton I have so far: DataTable Table = GetTonsOfData(); // Chunks should be any IEnumerable<Chunk> type var Chunks = ChunkifyTableIntoSmallerChunksSomehow; // ** help here! ** foreach(var Chunk in Chunks) { // Chunk should be any IEnumerable<DataRow> type ProcessChunk(Chunk); } Any suggestions on what should replace ChunkifyTableIntoSmallerChunksSomehow? I'm really interested in how someone would do this with access C#3 tools. If attempting to apply these tools is inappropriate, please explain! Update 3 (revised chunking as I really want tables, not ienumerables; going with an extension method--thanks Jacob): Final implementation: Extension method to handle the chunking: public static class HarenExtensions { public static IEnumerable<DataTable> Chunkify(this DataTable table, int chunkSize) { for (int i = 0; i < table.Rows.Count; i += chunkSize) { DataTable Chunk = table.Clone(); foreach (DataRow Row in table.Select().Skip(i).Take(chunkSize)) { Chunk.ImportRow(Row); } yield return Chunk; } } } Example consumer of that extension method, with sample output from an ad hoc test: class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { DataTable Table = GetTonsOfData(); foreach (DataTable Chunk in Table.Chunkify(100)) { Console.WriteLine("{0} - {1}", Chunk.Rows[0][0], Chunk.Rows[Chunk.Rows.Count - 1][0]); } Console.ReadLine(); } static DataTable GetTonsOfData() { DataTable Table = new DataTable(); Table.Columns.Add(new DataColumn()); for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { DataRow Row = Table.NewRow(); Row[0] = i; Table.Rows.Add(Row); } return Table; } }

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• How to optimize this SQL query for a rectangular region?

  - by Andrew B.

  I'm trying to optimize the following query, but it's not clear to me what index or indexes would be best. I'm storing tiles in a two-dimensional plane and querying for rectangular regions of that plane. The table has, for the purposes of this question, the following columns: id: a primary key integer world_id: an integer foreign key which acts as a namespace for a subset of tiles tileY: the Y-coordinate integer tileX: the X-coordinate integer value: the contents of this tile, a varchar if it matters. I have the following indexes: "ywot_tile_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) "ywot_tile_world_id_key" UNIQUE, btree (world_id, "tileY", "tileX") "ywot_tile_world_id" btree (world_id) And this is the query I'm trying to optimize: ywot=> EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM "ywot_tile" WHERE ("world_id" = 27685 AND "tileY" <= 6 AND "tileX" <= 9 AND "tileX" >= -2 AND "tileY" >= -1 ); QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bitmap Heap Scan on ywot_tile (cost=11384.13..149421.27 rows=65989 width=168) (actual time=79.646..80.075 rows=96 loops=1) Recheck Cond: ((world_id = 27685) AND ("tileY" <= 6) AND ("tileY" >= (-1)) AND ("tileX" <= 9) AND ("tileX" >= (-2))) -> Bitmap Index Scan on ywot_tile_world_id_key (cost=0.00..11367.63 rows=65989 width=0) (actual time=79.615..79.615 rows=125 loops=1) Index Cond: ((world_id = 27685) AND ("tileY" <= 6) AND ("tileY" >= (-1)) AND ("tileX" <= 9) AND ("tileX" >= (-2))) Total runtime: 80.194 ms So the world is fixed, and we are querying for a rectangular region of tiles. Some more information that might be relevant: All the tiles for a queried region may or may not be present The height and width of a queried rectangle are typically about 10x10-20x20 For any given (world, X) or (world, Y) pair, there may be an unbounded number of matching tiles, but the worst case is currently around 10,000, and typically there are far fewer. New tiles are created far less frequently than existing ones are updated (changing the 'value'), and that itself is far less frequent that just reading as in the query above. The only thing I can think of would be to index on (world, X) and (world, Y). My guess is that the database would be able to take those two sets and intersect them. The problem is that there is a potentially unbounded number of matches for either for either of those. Is there some other kind of index that would be more appropriate?

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• Parameters not being passed into template when using the .Net transform classes

  - by Chris F

  I am using the .Net XslCompiledTranform to run some simple XSLT (see below for a simplified example). The example XSLT is meant to do simply show the value of the parameter that is passed in to the template. The output is what I expect it to be (i.e. <result xmlns:p1="http://www.doesnotexist.com"> <valueOfParamA>valueA</valueOfParamA> </result> when I use Saxon 9.0, but when I use XslCompiledTransform (XslTransform) in .net I get <result xmlns:p1="http://www.doesnotexist.com"> <valueOfParamA></valueOfParamA> </result> The problem is that that the parameter value of paramA is not being passed into the template when I use the .Net classes. I completely stumped as to why. when I step through in Visual Studio, the debugger says that the template will be called with paramA='valueA' but when execution switches to the template the value of paramA is blank. Can anyone explain why this is happening? Is this a bug in the MS implementation or (more likely) am I doing something that is forbidden in XSLT? Any help greatly appreciated. This is the XSLT that I am using <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:extfn="http://exslt.org/common" exclude-result-prefixes="extfn" xmlns:p1="http://www.doesnotexist.com"> <!-- Replace msxml with xmlns:extfn="http://exslt.org/common" xmlns:extfn="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt" --> <xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes"/> <xsl:template match="/"> <xsl:variable name="resultTreeFragment"> <p1:foo> </p1:foo> </xsl:variable> <xsl:variable name="nodeset" select="extfn:node-set($resultTreeFragment)"/> <result> <xsl:apply-templates select="$nodeset" mode="AParticularMode"> <xsl:with-param name="paramA" select="'valueA'"/> </xsl:apply-templates> </result> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="@* | node()" mode="AParticularMode"> <xsl:param name="paramA"/> <valueOfParamA> <xsl:value-of select="$paramA"/> </valueOfParamA> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

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• How can I specify resources in an MVVM view model?

  - by gix

  Suppose I want to show list of objects where each object should have a name and a suitable image (for example MenuItems with Icons, or buttons with text and image). All examples and programs exposed the image in the viewmodel as a path to a PNG file and then bound the Source of an Image to that. But what if I want to use vector images (for example as a DrawingImage in a local ResourceDictionary)? Exposing the DrawingImage from the view model seems bad because I would have to store a reference to the application/window/user control/... (and it is advised to not expose such XAML objects from view models). So a better approach would be to use a string identifier in the view model and then somehow select the appropriate resource. If that identifier is the resource key this snippet looks tempting but does not work: <Image Source="{StaticResource {Binding Icon}}"/> I found two workarounds for that though they did not work for me. The first one was using a normal binding to the icon with a converter that looked up the resource in Application.Current. This does not work if the resource is stored somewhere else I think (and the situation where I initially bumped into this problem had no Application running yet since it was a Window choosing the Application to launch!). The second workaround was using a markup extension derived from StaticResourceExtension that fetched its ResourceKey from the passed binding: <Image Source="{local:BindableStaticResource {Binding Icon}"/> This one looks really neat because it could use local resources, also be used for other things. But when using it I always got an exception ("Resource named {FooIcon} could not be found.", showing the correct XAML file and position of the extension). Even an empty resource extension derived from StaticResourceExtension that just passed the resource key to the base constructor did not work and I cannot explain why. Just using StaticResourceExtension worked just fine. Any ideas how I could fix the second approach, or even better solutions? Edit I noticed that it does work when used directly like this: <Window> <Window.Resources> <DrawingImage x:Key="SomeIcon"/> </Window.Resources> <Image Source="{BindableStaticResource {Binding Icon}}"/> </Window> but fails for example in a DataTemplate. Though a normal StaticResourceExtension works on both occasions so I am puzzled what is going wrong.

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• If Then Statement Condition Being Ignored With Optimisations On

  - by Matma

  I think im going mad but can some show me what im missing, it must be some stupidly simple i just cant see the wood for the trees. BOTH side of this if then else statement are being executed? Ive tried commenting out the true side and moving the condition to a seperate variable with the same result. However if i explicitly set the condition to 1=0 or 1=1 then the if then statement is operating as i would expect. i.e. only executing one side of the equation... The only time ive seen this sort of thing is when the compiler has crashed and is no longer compiling (without visible indication that its not) but ive restarted studio with the same results, ive cleaned the solution, built and rebuilt with no change? please show me the stupid mistake im making using vs2005 if it matters. Dim dset As DataSet = New DataSet If (CboCustomers.SelectedValue IsNot Nothing) AndAlso (CboCustomers.SelectedValue <> "") Then Dim Sql As String = "Select sal.SalesOrderNo As SalesOrder,cus.CustomerName,has.SerialNo, convert(varchar,sal.Dateofpurchase,103) as Date from [dbo].[Customer_Table] as cus " & _ " inner join [dbo].[Hasp_table] as has on has.CustomerID=cus.CustomerTag " & _ " inner join [dbo].[salesorder_table] as sal On sal.Hasp_ID =has.Hasp_ID Where cus.CustomerTag = '" & CboCustomers.SelectedValue.ToString & "'" Dim dap As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(Sql, FormConnection) dap.Fill(dset, "dbo.Customer_Table") DGCustomer.DataSource = dset.Tables("dbo.Customer_Table") Else Dim erm As String = "wtf" End If EDIT: i have found that this is something to do with the release config settings im using, i guesing its the optimisations bit. does anyone know of any utils/addons for vs that show if a line has been optimised out. delphi, my former language showed blue dots in the left margin to show that it was a compiled line, no dot meaning it wasnt compiled in, is there anything like that for vs? alternatively can someone explain how optimisations would affect this simple if statement causeing it to run both sides? EDIT2: using this thread as possible causes/solutions : http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2135509/bug-only-occurring-when-compile-optimization-enabled. It does the same with release = optimisations on, x86, x64 and AnyCPU Goes away with optimisations off. Im using V2005 on a x64 win7 machine, if that matters. Thanks

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• Actionscript base class in Flex AIR app

  - by Alan

  I'm trying to build a Flex AIR app using Flex Builder 3, which I'm just getting started with. In Flash CS4, there's a text field in the authoring environment where you can specify a class that will become the "base" class - your class inherits from Sprite and then "becomes" the Stage at runtime. Is there a a way to do the same thing with Flex/AIR? Failing that, can anyone explain how to create and use an external class? Originally I had this in TestApp.mxml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <mx:WindowedApplication xmlns:mx="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml" layout="absolute"> <mx:Script source="TestApp.as"/> </mx:WindowedApplication> And this in TestApp.as: package { public class TestApp { public function TestApp() { trace('Hello World'); } } } That gives the error "packages cannot be nested", so I tried taking out the package statement: public class TestApp { public function TestApp() { trace('Hello World'); } } That gives an error "classes cannot be nested", so I finally gave up and tried to take out the class altogether, figuring I'd try to start with a bunch of functions instead: function init() { trace('Hello World'); } But that gives the error "A file found in a source-path must have an externally visible definition. If a definition in the file is meant to be externally visible, please put the definition in a package". I can't win! When I put my class in a package, it says I can't do that because it would be nested. When I don't, it says it needs to be in a package so it can be seen. Does anyone know how to fix this? If I can't do the custom-class-as-base-class thing, is there a way I could just have it like: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <mx:WindowedApplication xmlns:mx="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml" layout="absolute"> <mx:Script source="TestApp.as"/> <mx:Script> var app = new TestApp(); </mx:Script> </mx:WindowedApplication> At the moment I can't import the class definition at all, so even that won't work. Thanks in advance!

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• Exception: attempt to acquire a reference on a close SQLiteClosable

  - by CommonsWare

  I posted this back in May on the [android-developers] Google Group. I never heard back and was not able to reproduce the problem until one of my students did last week. I figured I'd post it here and see if it rang any bells for anyone. In one of my code samples, I have the following method: static Cursor getAll(SQLiteDatabase db, String orderBy) { return(db.rawQuery("SELECT * FROM restaurants "+orderBy, null)); } When I run it, sporadically, I get this: 05-01 14:45:05.849: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1145): java.lang.IllegalStateException: attempt to acquire a reference on a close SQLiteClosable 05-01 14:45:05.849: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1145): at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteClosable.acquireReference(SQLiteClosable.java:31) 05-01 14:45:05.849: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1145): at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteProgram.<init>(SQLiteProgram.java:56) 05-01 14:45:05.849: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1145): at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteQuery.<init>(SQLiteQuery.java:49) 05-01 14:45:05.849: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1145): at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDirectCursorDriver.query(SQLiteDirectCursorDriver.java:49) 05-01 14:45:05.849: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1145): at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.rawQueryWithFactory(SQLiteDatabase.java:1118) 05-01 14:45:05.849: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1145): at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.rawQuery(SQLiteDatabase.java:1092) 05-01 14:45:05.849: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1145): at apt.tutorial.Restaurant.getAll(Restaurant.java:14) This makes no sense to me. The database is definitely open. The SQLiteClosable is the SQLiteQuery created by SQLiteQueryDriver, and I see no evidence that there is an object pool or something going on here that might explain how a "new" SQLiteClosable is already closed. The fact that it is sporadic (meaning the same UI operations sometimes trigger the exception, but not always) suggests some sort of pool, race condition, or something...but I'm not sure where. Thoughts? Thanks! UPDATE: The code in question is from the LunchList tutorials out of my Android Programming Tutorials book. It's a bit spread out and not terribly suitable for posting directly in SO. You can download the code for that book from the above link if you want to take a look at it. I do not recall exactly which edition of the tutorial the student was working on at the time, though it was in the Tutorial 12-Tutorial 16 range. I was mostly hoping to run across somebody who had tripped over this problem before and had a likely culprit. I'm fairly certain my database is open. Thanks again!

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• Regular expression does not find the first occurance

  - by scharan

  I have the following input to a perl script and I wish to get the first occurrence of NAME="..." strings in each of the ... structures. The entire file is read into a single string and the reg exp acts on that input. However, the regex always returns the LAST occurrence of NAME="..." strings. Can anyone explain what is going on and how this can be fixed? Input file: ADSDF <TABLE> NAME="ORDERSAA" line1 line2 NAME="ORDERSA" line3 NAME="ORDERSAB" </TABLE> <TABLE> line1 line2 NAME="ORDERSB" line3 </TABLE> <TABLE> line1 line2 NAME="ORDERSC" line3 </TABLE> <TABLE> line1 line2 NAME="ORDERSD" line3 line3 line3 </TABLE> <TABLE> line1 line2 NAME="QUOTES2" line3 NAME="QUOTES3" NAME="QUOTES4" line3 NAME="QUOTES5" line3 </TABLE> <TABLE> line1 line2 NAME="QUOTES6" NAME="QUOTES7" NAME="QUOTES8" NAME="QUOTES9" line3 line3 </TABLE> <TABLE> NAME="MyName IsKhan" </TABLE> Perl Code starts here: use warnings; use strict; my $nameRegExp = '(<table>((NAME="(.+)")|(.*|\n))*</table>)'; sub extractNames($$){ my ($ifh, $ofh) = @_; my $fullFile; read ($ifh, $fullFile, 1024);#Hardcoded to read just 1024 bytes. while( $fullFile =~ m#$nameRegExp#gi){ print "found: ".$4."\n"; } } sub main(){ if( ($#ARGV + 1 )!= 1){ die("Usage: extractNames infile\n"); } my $infileName = $ARGV[0]; my $outfileName = $ARGV[1]; open my $inFile, "<$infileName" or die("Could not open log file $infileName"); my $outFile; #open my $outFile, ">$outfileName" or die("Could not open log file $outfileName"); extractNames( $inFile, $outFile ); close( $inFile ); #close( $outFile ); } #call main();

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• Help with css selector for jquery

  - by NachoF

  I have this wordpress blog that has many pages with subpages that dropdown on hover.... the thing is, I dont want the pages that you hover to link to anything unless they dont have any ul with many anchors inside so just the subpages will have a href different than "#" So basically Im hacking my way through this with some simple javascript. jQuery(document).ready(function(){ jQuery("#menus li > a").attr("href","#"); }); This is selecting every a.. and I dont want that... I just want the anchors that are main pages, not subpages... heres the html so maybe you can think of a better way to select this. Ill explain first the structure is an ul with many li that have an anchor inside if the li also has a ul inside then those are subpages that will appear on hover. hence the initial anchor should have href="#" if there is no ul inside the li then the li a should keep its href. <ul id="menus"> <li> <a href="somelink">Main Page</a> //href should be changed to # <ul> <li> <a href="somelink2/">Subpage1</a> </li> <li> <a href="somelink3">Subpage2</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="somelink">MainPage-with-no-subpages</a> //href should not be changed </li> <li> <a href="somelink4">MainPage</a> //href should be changed to # <ul> <li> <a href="somelink5">Subpage</a> </li> <li> <a href="somelink6">Subpage</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul>

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• SQLAlchemy unsupported type error - and table design issues?

  - by Az

  Hi there, back again with some more SQLAlchemy shenanigans. Let me step through this. My table is now set up as so: engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=False) metadata = MetaData() students_table = Table('studs', metadata, Column('sid', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String), Column('preferences', Integer), Column('allocated_rank', Integer), Column('allocated_project', Integer) ) metadata.create_all(engine) mapper(Student, students_table) Fairly simple, and for the most part I've been enjoying the ability to query almost any bit of information I want provided I avoid the error cases below. The class it is mapped from is: class Student(object): def __init__(self, sid, name): self.sid = sid self.name = name self.preferences = collections.defaultdict(set) self.allocated_project = None self.allocated_rank = 0 def __repr__(self): return str(self) def __str__(self): return "%s %s" %(self.sid, self.name) Explanation: preferences is basically a set of all the projects the student would prefer to be assigned. When the allocation algorithm kicks in, a student's allocated_project emerges from this preference set. Now if I try to do this: for student in students.itervalues(): session.add(student) session.commit() It throws two errors, one for the allocated_project column (seen below) and a similar error for the preferences column: sqlalchemy.exc.InterfaceError: (InterfaceError) Error binding parameter 4 - probably unsupported type. u'INSERT INTO studs (sid, name, allocated_rank, allocated_project) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)' [1101, 'Muffett,M.', 1, 888 Human-spider relationships (Supervisor id: 123)] If I go back into my code I find that, when I'm copying the preferences from the given text files, it actually refers to the Project class which is mapped to a dictionary, using the unique project id's (pid) as keys. Thus, as I iterate through each student via their rank and to the preferences set, it adds not a project id, but the reference to the project id from the projects dictionary. students[sid].preferences[int(rank)].add(projects[int(pid)]) Now this is very useful to me since I can find out all I want to about a student's preferred projects without having to run another check to pull up information about the project id. The form you see in the error has the object print information passed as: return "%s %s (Supervisor id: %s)" %(self.proj_id, self.proj_name, self.proj_sup) My questions are: I'm trying to store an object in a database field aren't I? Would the correct way then, be copying the project information (project id, name, etc) into its own table, referenced by the unique project id? That way I can just have the project id field for one of the student tables just be an integer id and when I need more information, just join the tables? So and so forth for other tables? If the above makes sense, then how does one maintain the relationship with a column of information in one table which is a key index on another table? Does this boil down into a database design problem? Are there any other elegant ways of accomplishing this? Apologies if this is a very long-winded question. It's rather crucial for me to solve this, so I've tried to explain as much as I can, whilst attempting to show that I'm trying (key word here sadly) to understand what could be going wrong.

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• Collision point of 2 curves in a 3d-room

  - by Frank

  Hello, i am programming a small game for quite some time. We started coding a small FPS-Shooter inside of a project at school to get a bit experience using directX. I dont know why, but i couldnt stop the project and started programming at home aswell. At the moment i am trying to create some small AI. Of cause thats definatlly not easy, but thats my personal goal anyways. The topic could prolly fill multiple books hehe. I've got the walking part of my bots done so far. They walk along a scriped path. I am not working on the "aiming" of the bots. While programming that i hit on some math problem i couldnt solve yet. I hope of your input on this to help me get further. Concepts, ideas and everything else are highly appreciated. Problem: Calculate the position (D3DXVECTOR3) where the curve of the projectile (depends on gravity, speed), hit the curved of the enemys walking path (depends on speed). We assume that the enemy walks in a constant line. Known variables: float projectilSpeed = 2000 m/s //speed of the projectile per second float gravitation = 9.81 m/s^2 //of cause the gravity lol D3DXVECTOR3 targetPosition //position of the target stored in a vector (x,y,z) D3DXVECTOR3 projectilePosition //position of the projectile D3DXVECTOR3 targetSpeed //stores the change of the targets position in the last second Variabledefinition ProjectilePosition at time of collision = ProjectilePos_t TargetPosition at time of collision = TargetPos_t ProjectilePosition at time 0, now = ProjectilePos_0 TargetPosition at time 0, now = TargetPos_0 Time to impact = t Aim-angle = theta My try: Found a formular to calculate "drop" (Drop of the projectile based on the gravity) on Wikipedia: float drop = 0.5f * gravity * t * t The speed of the projectile has a horizontal and a vertical part.. Found a formular for that on wikipedia aswell: ProjectilVelocity.x = projectilSpeed * cos(theta) ProjectilVelocity.y = projectilSpeed * sin(theta) So i would assume this is true for the projectile curve: ProjectilePos_t.x = ProjectilePos_0.x + ProjectileSpeed * t ProjectilePos_t.y = ProjectilePos_0.y + ProjectileSpeed * t + 0.5f * gravity * t * t ProjectilePos_t.z = ProjectilePos_0.z + ProjectileSpeed * t The target walk with a constant speed, so we can determine his curve by this: TargetPos_t = TargetPos_0 + TargetSpeed * D3DXVECTOR3(t, t, t) Now i dont know how to continue. I have to solve it somehow to get a hold on the time to impact somehow. As a basic formular i could use: float time = distanz / projectileSpeed But that wouldnt be truly correct as it would assume a linear "Trajectory". We just find this behaivor when using a rocket. I hope i was able to explain the problem as much as possible. If there are questions left, feel free to ask me! Greets from germany, Frank

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• Help me understand this "Programming pearls" bitsort program

  - by ardsrk

  Jon Bentley in Column 1 of his book programming pearls introduces a technique for sorting a sequence of non-zero positive integers using bit vectors. I have taken the program bitsort.c from here and pasted it below: /* Copyright (C) 1999 Lucent Technologies */ /* From 'Programming Pearls' by Jon Bentley */ /* bitsort.c -- bitmap sort from Column 1 * Sort distinct integers in the range [0..N-1] */ #include <stdio.h> #define BITSPERWORD 32 #define SHIFT 5 #define MASK 0x1F #define N 10000000 int a[1 + N/BITSPERWORD]; void set(int i) { int sh = i>>SHIFT; a[i>>SHIFT] |= (1<<(i & MASK)); } void clr(int i) { a[i>>SHIFT] &= ~(1<<(i & MASK)); } int test(int i){ return a[i>>SHIFT] & (1<<(i & MASK)); } int main() { int i; for (i = 0; i < N; i++) clr(i); /*Replace above 2 lines with below 3 for word-parallel init int top = 1 + N/BITSPERWORD; for (i = 0; i < top; i++) a[i] = 0; */ while (scanf("%d", &i) != EOF) set(i); for (i = 0; i < N; i++) if (test(i)) printf("%d\n", i); return 0; } I understand what the functions clr, set and test are doing and explain them below: ( please correct me if I am wrong here ). clr clears the ith bit set sets the ith bit test returns the value at the ith bit Now, I don't understand how the functions do what they do. I am unable to figure out all the bit manipulation happening in those three functions. Please help.

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• embedded Italic, bold fonts don't look the same in flex as in Windows...

  - by Mark

  ...unless they're something like "Times New Roman" or some other established font with a fully designed italic and bold, presumably in seperate files. Let me explain what I mean (though why no one has commented on this before I have no idea.) Numerous, numerous fonts do not have a seperate file for italic and bold, and in fact to the best of my knowledge don't even have italic and bold defined as such. But if you install them on windows (for example) and then use them in an app, You can still make use of italic and bold with those fonts. For italic, and oblique angle is just given to it, presumably by Windows, and it looks the same in all Windows apps, and the bold is just given a heavier weight. OK, well here's the problem: if you embed a font like that in a Flex app, as a "SystemFont" the italic and bold will not look the same as they do in Windows. Specifically, the oblique angle is invariably much less than in Windows (i.e the italic slant is much less) and the bold version is not bold enough. I vaguely recall thinking that there was some flex mechanism to assign custom oblique angles for italic (and weight for bold) but now can't recall what it is. Does anyone know the correct established way to do this. The following is actually a seperate (but related) font question (in case anyone is expert in all this.) Its rather a lengthy question and can be skipped, but its something that's plagued me for a long time. I mention above embedding as a "SystemFont", so iow something like this: package fonts { import flash.display.Sprite; public class FLW_Script_I extends Sprite { [Embed(systemFont='FLW Script', fontName='FLW Script', fontStyle='italic', fntWeight='normal', mimeType='application/x-font-truetype')] public var wrFont:Class; } } The other alternative to SystemFont for embedding, is "Source" followed by the name of an actual font file. If you try to embed one of the aformentioned single file fonts as a Source file (as opposed to SystemFont) and specify fontStyle='italic', then the mxmlc compiler will return an error and say there is no italic info in the font file. So up to now I have only been embedding these fonts as "SystemFont". The problem is, flex uses two different font compilers internally for Source embedding and SystemFont embedding. For source font embeds it uses the "Batik" compiler and for SystemFont, the JRE (Java Runtime) font compiler. Well actually the Batik is considered a superior compiler and generally produces better looking fonts. And also if you mix normal fonts compiled with Batik and italic compiled with JRE, sometimes the line spacing is different for the two, and it doesn't look right. So does anyone have an idea how to get mxmlc to do italic and bold for these single file fonts when embedding as "Source". Would there be a way using C++ or whatever to construct an "italic" font file from the SystemFont for such a font in windows.

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• C# Select clause returns system exception instead of relevant object

  - by Kashif

  I am trying to use the select clause to pick out an object which matches a specified name field from a database query as follows: objectQuery = from obj in objectList where obj.Equals(objectName) select obj; In the results view of my query, I get: base {System.SystemException} = {"Boolean Equals(System.Object)"} Where I should be expecting something like a Car, Make, or Model Would someone please explain what I am doing wrong here? The method in question can be seen here: // this function searches the database's table for a single object that matches the 'Name' property with 'objectName' public static T Read<T>(string objectName) where T : IEquatable<T> { using (ISession session = NHibernateHelper.OpenSession()) { IQueryable<T> objectList = session.Query<T>(); // pull (query) all the objects from the table in the database int count = objectList.Count(); // return the number of objects in the table // alternative: int count = makeList.Count<T>(); IQueryable<T> objectQuery = null; // create a reference for our queryable list of objects T foundObject = default(T); // create an object reference for our found object if (count > 0) { // give me all objects that have a name that matches 'objectName' and store them in 'objectQuery' objectQuery = from obj in objectList where obj.Equals(objectName) select obj; // make sure that 'objectQuery' has only one object in it try { foundObject = (T)objectQuery.Single(); } catch { return default(T); } // output some information to the console (output screen) Console.WriteLine("Read Make: " + foundObject.ToString()); } // pass the reference of the found object on to whoever asked for it return foundObject; } } Note that I am using the interface "IQuatable<T>" in my method descriptor. An example of the classes I am trying to pull from the database is: public class Make: IEquatable<Make> { public virtual int Id { get; set; } public virtual string Name { get; set; } public virtual IList<Model> Models { get; set; } public Make() { // this public no-argument constructor is required for NHibernate } public Make(string makeName) { this.Name = makeName; } public override string ToString() { return Name; } // Implementation of IEquatable<T> interface public virtual bool Equals(Make make) { if (this.Id == make.Id) { return true; } else { return false; } } // Implementation of IEquatable<T> interface public virtual bool Equals(String name) { if (this.Name.Equals(name)) { return true; } else { return false; } } } And the interface is described simply as: public interface IEquatable<T> { bool Equals(T obj); }

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