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• LAN network (switch?)

  - by guywhoneedsahand

  I am working on setting up the network for a small LAN party (less than 16 people). Most of them do not have wireless cards in their rigs, so I need to set up some way for everyone to a) play LAN games and b) access the internet. The LAN party will probably take place in my basement, where I have enough space. However, the basement is not wired up with the router which is actually on the floor above. I make a cantenna a while back that can boost the wireless performance of my computer significantly. How can I use this to provide internet and LAN to guests? My hope was that I could use a switch like this http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16833181166 for the LAN - but how can I give people access to the internet? Is there such thing as a network extender / 16-port switch? Obviously, the internet performance doesn't need to be super stellar, because the games will be using LAN - so I am looking to provide some usable internet for web browsing, and very high speed LAN for games. Thanks!

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• AMD FX8350 CPU - CoolerMaster Silencio 650 Case - New Water Cooling System

  - by fat_mike

  Lately after a use of 6 months of my AMD FX8350 CPU I'm experiencing high temperatures and loud noise coming from the CPU fan(I set that in order to keep it cooler). I decided to replace the stock fan with a water cooling system in order to keep my CPU quite and cool and add one or two more case fans too. Here is my case's airflow diagram: http://www.coolermaster.com/microsite/silencio_650/Airflow.html My configuration now is: 2x120mm intake front(stock with case) 1x120mm exhaust rear(stock with case) 1 CPU stock I'm planning to buy Corsair Hydro Series H100i(www.corsair.com/en-us/hydro-series-h100i-extreme-performance-liquid-cpu-cooler) and place the radiator in the front of my case(intake) and add an 120mm bottom intake and/or an 140mm top exhaust fan. My CPU lies near the top of the MO. Is it a good practice to have a water-cooling system that takes air in? As you can see here the front of the case is made of aluminum. Can the fresh air go in? Does it even fit? If not, is it wiser to get Corsair Hydro Series H80i (www.corsair.com/en-us/hydro-series-h80i-high-performance-liquid-cpu-cooler) and place the radiator on top of my case(exhaust) and keep the front 2x120mm stock and add one more as intake on bottom. If you have any other idea let me know. Thank you. EDIT: The CPU fan running ~3000rpm and temp is around 40~43C on idle and save energy. When temp is going over 55C when running multiple programs and servers on localhost(tomcat, wamp) rpm is around 5500 and loud! I'm running Win8.1 CPU not overclocked PS: Due to my reputation i couldn't post the links that was necessary. I will edit ASAP.

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• Way to speed up load-balanced ssl using nginx?

  - by paulnsorensen

  So the setup for our website is 4 nodes running rails 3 and nginx 1 that all use the same GoDaddy certificate. Because we are a paid site, we have to maintain PCI-DSS compliance and thus have to use the more expensive SSL ciphers -- also we force SSL using Rack. I've recently switched over to Linode's NodeBalancer (which I've read is an HACluster), and we're not getting the performance we'd ideally like. From what I've read, it looks like terminating the SSL on the nodes using the high cipher is what is causing the poor performance, but I'd like to be thorough. Is there anything I can do? I've read about other ways to terminate the SSL before the NodeBalancer (like using stud), but I don't know enough about these solutions. We certainly don't want to do anything experimental or anything that has a single point of failure. If there really isn't anything I can do to speed up the SSL handshake, my alternative would be to support certain pages on Rails using a secure and insecure subdomain. I've found a few guides that walk through that, but my resulting question is in this situation, would it be better to have nginx handle forcing ssl on the secure subdomain instead of rails? Thanks!

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• How to direct reverse proxy requests using wildcard vhosts

  - by HonoredMule

  I'm interested in running a reverse proxy with 2-3 virtual machines behind it. Each internal server will run multiple virtual hosts, and rather than manually configuring each individual vhost on the proxy (a variety of vhosts come and go too often for this to be practical), I would like to use something which can employ pattern matching in a sequential order to find the appropriate back-end server. For example: Server 1: *.dev.mysite.com Server 2: *.stage.mysite.com Server 3: *.mysite.com, dev.mysite.com, stage.mysite.com, mysite.com Server 4: * In the above configuration, task.dev.mysite.com would go to Server 1, dev.mysite.com would go to Server 3, yoursite.stage.mysite.com to Server 2, www.mysite.com to Server 3, and yoursite.com to Server 4. I've looked into using Squid, Varnish, and nginx so far. I have my opinions regarding their respective desirability and general suitability, but it's not readily apparent if any of them can handle dynamic server selection in this manner and not require per-vhost configuration. Apache on the other hand can do this handily and simply, but otherwise (aside from being well-known and familiar) seems very poorly suited to the partly-performance-serving task. Performance isn't actually a major concern yet, but it seems foolish to use Apache if another system will perform far better and can also handle the desired 'hands-free' configuration. But so is frequently having to adjust the gateway for all production services and risk network-wide outage...and so also is setting oneself up for longer downtime later if Apache becomes a too-small bottleneck. Which of these (or other) reverse proxies can do it/would do it best? And maybe I should post this as a separate question, but if Apache is the only practical option, how safe/reliable/predictable is apache-mpm-event in apache2.2 (Ubuntu 12.04.1) particularly for a dedicated reverse proxy? As I understand it the Event MPM was declared "safe" as of 2.4 but it's unclear whether reaching stability in 2.4 has any implications for the older (2.2) versions available in official/stable package channels of various distros.

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• nf_conntrack complaints in dmesg

  - by Alexander Gladysh

  While investigating complains on bad HTTP server performance, I've discovered these lines in dmesg of my Xen XCP host that contains a guest OS with said server: [11458852.811070] net_ratelimit: 321 callbacks suppressed [11458852.811075] nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet. [11458852.819957] nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet. [11458852.821083] nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet. [11458852.822195] nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet. [11458852.824987] nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet. [11458852.825298] nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet. [11458852.825891] nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet. [11458852.826225] nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet. [11458852.826234] nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet. [11458852.826814] nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet. Complains are repeated every five seconds (number of suppressed callbacks is different each time). What can these sympthoms mean? Is that bad? Any hints? (Note that the question is more narrow than "how to solve specific case of bad HTTP server performance", so I do not give more details on that.) Additional info: $ uname -a Linux MYHOST 3.2.0-24-generic #37-Ubuntu SMP Wed Apr 25 08:43:22 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux $ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Release: 12.04 Codename: precise $ cat /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_max 1548576 The server is under about 10M hits / day load.

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• What configuration changes can I make to speed up extremely slow Windows VM's in ESXi 4.0.

  - by Shawn Anderson

  I've recently moved from VMWare Server to ESXi 4.0. Running on Dell T310. My VM's have been restored but they are running dog slow compared to VMWare Server. I loaded ESXi 4.0 using only default values. Where are some areas where I can tweak the performance? Even logging onto the VM's can be extremely sluggish. Trying to install software on any of them is a new experience in pain. Dell PowerEdge T310 Xeon X3460 2.80 GHz 32 GB RAM 1 HD (2 TB) I have 16 VM's on this server, but only six or so will be running during my testing. I keep an eye on the Resource Allocation and Performance tabs for the host and I never see CPU or RAM getting anywhere close to pegged. Events tab does show some notices for video RAM issues and some hints on Windows activation issues, but nothing that would point to the sort of sluggishness that I'm experiencing. 1 Windows Server 2008 R2 (64-bit) - 4 GB RAM 1 Windows 7 (32-bit) - 2 GB RAM 1 Vista (32-bit) - 1 GB RAM 3 XP (32-bit) - 1 GB RAM Over to you! Thanks - Shawn

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• Should I persist images on EBS or S3 ??

  - by enes

  Hi; I am migrating my Java,Tomcat, Mysql server to AWS EC2. I have already attached EBS volume for storing Mysql data. In my web application people may upload images. So I should persist them. There are 2 alternatives in my mind. 1- Save uploaded images to EBS volume. 2- Use S3 service. The followings are my notes, please be skeptic about them, as my expertise is not on servers, but software development. EBS plus: S3 storage is more expensive. (0.15 $/Gb 0.1$/Gb) S3 plus: Serving statics from EBS may influence my web server's performance negatively. Is this true? Does Serving images affect server performance notably? For S3 my server will not be responsible for serving statics. S3 plus: Serving statics from EBS may result I/O cost, probably it will be minor. EBS plus: People say EBS is faster. S3 plus: People say S3 is more safe for persistence. EBS plus: No need to learn API, it is straight forward to save the images to EBS volume. Namely I can not decide, will be happy if you guide. Thanks

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• cPanel web servers mounting home partition to a NAS or SAN

  - by Scott

  I currently have 2 cPanel web servers that are little 1RU dual cpu quad core xeons. They have a lot of resources for processing and handling web requests, and never exceed more than 10% cpu usage. They also have plenty of RAM. The problem is though that they both have RAID 1 160Gb SAS hard disk drives in them that are 75% full, and growing by the day. I didnt think that the amount of disk usage would be so high, but due to the nature of the sites hosted, this has become an issue. The easy fix would be just to upgrade the hard drives to something bigger (probably not of the SAS variety), but I am thinking of keeping the current machines as "processing servers" and buying a central "storage server" with about 12TB of storage. The /home/ partition on each of the 1RU servers would be mounted to a NAS or SAN point on this central storage server. My questions are: - Has anyone got a cPanel setup where they mount /home/ to a NAS or SAN elsewhere? If so, can you provide details as to what you did and how it went :) - Any recommendations on networking? Is gigabit ethernet enough? Is TCP/IP going to be a noticable performance problem? Anyone used a TOE key? - Anyone benchmarked or had any performance issues with SAN over NAS? Any help greatly appreciated. Scott

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• Optimum configuration of McAfee for Servers

  - by Wayne Arthurton

  Our corporate standard is McAfee Enterprise, unfortunately this is non-negotiable. On two types of servers I'm responsible for, SQL & Web, we have noticed major performance issues with the corporate standard setup. Max scan time 45sec One policy for all processes Scan ALL files on write, read and open for backup Heuristics: Find unknown programs, trojans and macros Detect unwanted programs Exclude: EVT, LDF, LOG, MDF, VMD, , windows file protection) This of course still causes major slowdowns. IIS .NET recompiles are slow especially with SharePoint, SQL backups and restores, SQL Analysis Services, Integration Services and temp data from them as well. I have looked from time to time, for some best practices on setting up McAfee of SQL & SQL Analysis Service, SQL Integration Service, Visual Studio, Sharepoint, and .NET web servers in general. How do people setup McAfee enterprise on their corporate serves keeping security intact, but affecting performance as minimally as possible? Has anyone run across white papers on these setups? Obviously some are case by case, but there must be some best practices out there somewhere.

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• Format & Fresh Install Mac os x snow leopard in mac mini.

  - by sagar

  Hello Every one. I have purchased dvd of Snow leopard 10.6.2. But actually I purchased mac mini with 10.5.7 leopard I tried to install snow leopard 10.6.2. Everything went perfectly. system was installed successfully. But the problem that I faced is as follows. System was installed but my older data remained as it is. ( means installation didn't format every thing - means installation was done on upgrade basis. ) Now, my system works with very low speed. Previous performance of mac mini was double as compare to current upgrade version. Now - my question are as follows. Does upgrade installation causes the performance in specially osx ? ( means anyone faced this kind of problem ? ) Or 10.6.2 snow leopard is heavy weight system for mac mini ? ( 2Ghz Intel core2duo,1GB RAM - is this configuration OK for snow leopard 10.6.2 ? ) Fresh install works better then upgrade in os x ?

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• Please advise on VPS config choice (with SQL Server Express)

  - by tjeuten

  Hi all, I might be interested in getting a VPS hosting plan for some small personal sites and .NET projects. Was thinking of Softsys Bronze Plan, as my current shared host plan is with them too. The stuff I want to host has grown beyond the capabilities of a Shared hosting plan, and I also want more control over the IIS/ASP.NET configuration, that's why I'm considering VPS. The main config details would be: Hyper-V 30 GB of diskspace 1 GB of RAM More info here: http://www.softsyshosting.com/Windows-VPS-HyperV.aspx Does anyone have experience with this plan (or something similar from another host), and maybe could answer these couple of questions: Bronze has a total diskspace of 30GB. Is the OS part of this quota or not ? If so, how much does a base configuration with Windows 2008 take up in diskspace ? Would you advise Windows 2008 R2 or Normal. Or would you advise to use Windows 2003 with this config. I'm planning on running a SQL Server Express install too. Would 1 GB of RAM be enough for both the Windows 2008 (R2) and SQL Express. The database load will not be that very high (a couple of 1000 records returned each day). The DB will most likely be far away from the 4GB limit, that's why I'd go for a SQL Express instead of paying extra licensing costs for a SQL Web install. But I'm more concerned about performance. Would you recommend Softsys as a VPS host ? I've been with them for one year for my Shared hosting plan, and have no complaints so far. Also, as I have no VPS experience, what are the pitfalls I need to be aware of, in terms of performance mainly, but maybe in other areas too ? Mathieu

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• nginx connection pool race condition?

  - by wlf

  I have a shared hosting server with high traffic. I have a lightweight apache mod_proxy for static content that from time to time has a "504 proxy error" problem proxing to apache/mod_php. Error log says: error reading status line from remote server 127.0.0.1:8080 Error reading from remote server returned by / This is what the apache documentation says about it. proxy-initial-not-pooled If this variable is set no pooled connection will be reused if the client connection is an initial connection. This avoids the "proxy: error reading status line from remote server" error message caused by the race condition that the backend server closed the pooled connection after the connection check by the proxy and before data sent by the proxy reached the backend. It has to be kept in mind that setting this variable downgrades performance, especially with HTTP/1.0 clients. I am really concerned about this downgrade in performance therefore I started to look at nginx immediately. I am new to nginx and time is crucial right now, I can't afford to waste days to study it just to find out there is the same race condition issue. Is nginx affected by this connection pool race condition? Thanks

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• Best way to 'harden' embedded ext4 file server against unexpected loss of power?

  - by Jeremy Friesner

  Hi all, First, a little background: my company makes an audio streaming device that is a headless, rack-mounted Linux box with a couple of SSDs attached. Each SSD is formatted with ext4. The users can connect to the system using Samba/CIFS to upload new audio files or access existing ones. There is also custom software for streaming out audio over the network. This is all fine. The only problem is that the users are audio people, not computer people, and see the system as a 'black box', not as a computer. Which means that at the end of the day, they aren't going to ssh in to the box and enter "/sbin/shutdown -h"; they are just going to cut power to the rack and leave, and expect things to still work properly the next day. Since ext4 has journalling, journal checksumming, etc, this mostly works. The only time it doesn't work is when someone uploads a new file via Samba and then cuts power to the system before the uploaded data has been fully flushed to the disk. In that case, they come in the next day and find that their new file has been truncated or is missing entirely, and are unhappy. My question is, what is the best way to avoid this problem? Is there a way to get smbd to call "sync" at the end of every upload? (Performance on uploads isn't so important, since they only happen occasionally). Or is there a way to tell ext4 to automatically flush within a few seconds of any change to a file? (Again, performance can be sacrificed for safety here) Should I set a particular write-ordering mode, activate barriers, etc?

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• PostgreSQL 8.4 - Tablespace Optimization

  - by FloE

  I'm currently running a PostgreSQL Database with about 1.5 billion rows / 500 GB of data (including indices). There are several schemata: on for the (read only, irregular changes / updates) 'core-model' and one for every user (about 20 persons). The users can access the core and store data in their own schema, so everything is located in one database. The server runs with CentOS and PostgreSQL 8.4 and is used for scientific studies, exploration etc and is running quite well. These days an upgrade of the DB storage hard disks arrive - all with the same performance as the old ones. I'm looking for the best way to distribute the data on these disks. It would be possible to separate frequently used objects (the core-data) from the user schemata, but I'm not sure if this is really worth the effort. It seems to be a much better idea to move the WAL files (pg_xlog directory) to its own partition. http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.4/static/wal-internals.html What are your opinions? Are there any tablespace- or partitioning-related performance documentations / benchmarks?

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• Format & Fresh Install Mac OS X Snow Leopard on Mac mini.

  - by sagar

  Hello Every one. I have purchased a DVD of Snow Leopard (Mac OS X 10.6.2) I purchased a Mac mini with Leopard (Mac OS X 10.5.7) I tried to install Mac OS X 10.6.2 Everything went perfectly. System was installed successfully. But the problem that I faced is as follows. System was installed but my older data remained as it is. (means installation didn't format every thing - means installation was done on upgrade basis.) Now, my system works with very low speed. Previous performance of Mac mini was double as compare to current upgrade version. Now - my question are as follows. Does an upgrade installation causes the performance issues in Mac OS X? Or is Snow Leopard too demanding for the Mac mini? ( 2 Ghz Intel Core 2 Duo, 1GB RAM - is this configuration OK for Snow Leopard? ) Does a fresh install work better than an upgrade?

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• Creating basic, redundant gigE or IB storage network for Xen?

  - by StaringSkyward

  With only a modest budget, I want to move my 4 xen servers over to network storage -either NFS or iSCSI which will be determined based on how well it performs when we test it (we need good throughput and it must continue to work through link and switch failure tests). We may add another couple of xen servers at some point when this is done. I don't know much about the design and operation of storage networks, so would really appreciate some hints from those with experience. The budget is around $3,800 excluding the storage appliance. I am currently thinking these are my options to remain on budget: 1) Go for used infiniband hardware and aim for 10gb performance. 2) Stick with gig ethernet and buy some new switches (cisco or procurve) to create a storage-only ethernet LAN. Upgrade to 10gigE later but try to use hardware capable of it where possible to reduce upgrade costs. I have seen used, warrantied infiniband switches at reasonable prices (presumably because big companies are converging on 10gbit ethernet?) and the promise of cheap 10gb is attractive. I know nothing about IB, so here come the questions: Can I buy 2 x switches and have multiple HBAs in my xen and storage nodes to get redundancy and increased performance without complexity or expensive management software costs? If so, can you point me to some examples? Do NFS and iSCSI work just the same regardless? Is IB a sensible choice or could/should I use ethernet or FC on the same budget - I'm keen not to get boxed into a corner for future upgrades, however. For the storage I am likely to build a storage server using nexentastor with the intention that I can later add more disks, SSDs and add another server to provide a failover option at the storage level. An HP LeftHand starter SAN is also under consideration, too. Thanks in advance.

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• Software mirroring (RAID1) versus "Fake Raid" for new Windows 7 install

  - by kquinn

  I've just ordered two new hard drives for my main desktop and a copy of Windows 7 Professional 64-bit. I'd like to do a clean install of Win7 onto the new drives (leaving my old XP Pro boot partition around for a while in case something goes disastrously wrong, etc.). I want to have them set up in mirrored (RAID-1) mode. My understanding is that Win7 Pro can do software mirroring, but can I set this up directly at install time? If so, how? Note that I'd like the disk to be split into three partitions (OS/Apps&Data/Bulk data), all of which should be mirrored. Would it be better (more reliable or faster) to use my motherboard's hardware RAID support? My motherboard is an older nVidia nForce 680i SLI, which is not the most stable of motherboards, and I'm not sure how trustworthy its RAID1 configuration might be (or if Win7 could even detect and install onto a hardware-mirrored volume). Also, the performance characteristics of RAID1 are rather different than RAID0 or RAID5, and I'm wondering if Win7's software mirroring might actually be faster than hardware RAID1 (for example, I'm more of a Unix admin when I have to wear the sysadmin hat, and I've had great success deploying ZFS; most hardware RAID1 implementations have to read both disks and compare results to look for data errors, but ZFS can read from only one disk in the mirror and just use the built-in checksum, meaning it can have up to 2x the number of reads in-flight, as long as there's no data corruption). Edit: Okay, my question about whether Windows 7 can do software mirroring has been answered, and it can. I'm still unsure whether Windows software RAID or my motherboard's hardware "fake RAID" function is a better choice, though. Remember, I'm only interested in mirroring -- not the more complicated striping or parity operations that generally show the poor performance of crappy motherboard RAID solutions.

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• Value of Itanium over x86_64 for Oracle Deployment

  - by Antitribu

  We are looking at a new environment to run our Oracle Database running on SUSE (potentially migrating to RedHat). Our database is approximately 100GB and performs adequately on our current hardware (x86_64) with approximately 6GB of ram allocated to it. We are growing quickly however and will require more performance shortly. Given the cost of Oracle licenses we would like to maximize the value from each license by choosing the most appropriate CPU to run the software on. The questions are: Are there substantial benefits to looking at Itanium hardware, are there any drawbacks? Is there a point where Itanium starts to scale out better? What are the long term support options for Itanium? Given the dominance of x86 would it be safer long term to stick with x86? On average what would be the performance benefit of implementing an Oracle database on Itanium over x86_64? Is this an issue at all or will other factors (IO/RAM) cap out first? If anyone can point me towards some solid documentation on comparisons between the two platforms that provides good case analysis of when to choose which I'm more than happy to accept that as an answer.

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• Creating a tar file with checksums included

  - by wazoox

  Here's my problem : I need to archive to tar files a lot ( up to 60 TB) of big files (usually 30 to 40 GB each). I would like to make checksums ( md5, sha1, whatever) of these files before archiving; however not reading every file twice (once for checksumming, twice for tar'ing) is more or less a necessity to achieve a very high archiving performance (LTO-4 wants 120 MB/s sustained, and the backup window is limited). So I'd need some way to read a file, feeding a checksumming tool on one side, and building a tar to tape on the other side, something along : tar cf - files | tee tarfile.tar | md5sum - Except that I don't want the checksum of the whole archive (this sample shell code does just this) but a checksum for each individual file in the archive. I've studied GNU tar, Pax, Star options. I've looked at the source from Archive::Tar. I see no obvious way to achieve this. It looks like I'll have to hand-build something in C or similar to achieve what I need. Perl/Python/etc simply won't cut it performance-wise, and the various tar programs miss the necessary "plugin architecture". Does anyone know of any existing solution to this before I start code-churning ?

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• ADSL to T1, Is it worth it for us?

  - by Jack Hickerson

  The company I work for has roughly 45-55 simultaneous users (local and remote/VPN) logged in at a given time. We currently subscribe to an ADSL connection but we have been experiencing slower upload/download speeds as our number of users increase. So, I have a few questions with regards to upgrading our connection to a t1 line. I am aware that the number of channels on a t1 line are much greater then that of our current ADSL connection, but I have heard that the number of active users on a t1 line should be no greater than ~30 for optimal performance. I would think this statement is dependent on what each user was using the connection for and could change depending on this variable. That being said, I have tried to break down how the line would be used in our organization based on our major departments: Sales (~60% of total users) - Everyday surfing, email, research, occasional streaming media Marketing (~15% of total users) - Heavy reliance on uploading/downloading, streaming media, file sharing Other (~25% of total users) - email, rare use of any connection intensive activities. I have considered keeping the ADSL for our local users and dedicating the t1 to our remote users (or vice versa) but the cost is significantly higher then what we had hoped for. All factors being equal (# of users, frequency of downloads/uploads from our current activities) Would you suspect a significant performance increase in making the transition to a t1 line from our current ADSL line? What are your thoughts or recommendations?

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• SSRS2008R2 report times out, but the underlying query executes in the Management Studio

  - by Matthew Belk

  A customer of mine recently moved servers and the new server has SQL2008R2. His old server was SQL2005. The new server has substantially better CPU, RAM, and disk performance than the old, but several reports time out while executing. When I run the underlying query in the SQL Management Studio, the query executes in sub-second time. The exact error message returned via the Report Manager UI is: An error occurred within the report server database. This may be due to a connection failure, timeout or low disk condition within the database. (rsReportServerDatabaseError) Timeout expired. The timeout period elapsed prior to completion of the operation or the server is not responding. It must be noted that this database is not just analytical; it's also fairly transactional, although the transaction volume is not exceptionally high. What can I do to improve the performance of the SSRS query engine? Are there settings in the data source I can adjust, or in the SSRS config files?

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• Will these instructions work when turning of journaling on a n ext4 SSD?

  - by snowlord

  I have an Acer Aspire One with an SSD for storage. I recently installed Ubuntu on it and chose ext4 for my filesystem. Then I read that journaling on an SSD isn't the best idea, so I will try to disable journaling and I have found these intstructions (from http://fenidik.blogspot.com/2010/03/ext4-disable-journal.html): # Create ext4 fs on /dev/sda10 disk mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda10 # Enable writeback mode. This mode will typically provide the best ext4 performance. tune2fs -o journal_data_writeback /dev/sda10 # Delete has_journal option tune2fs -O ^has_journal /dev/sda10 # Required fsck e2fsck -f /dev/sda10 # Check fs options dumpe2fs /dev/sda10 |more For more performance add fstab opions: data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime i.e: /dev/sda10 /opt ext4 defaults,data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime 0 0 I will use them on my boot partition. Are there any particularly bad parts here, or are there any missing steps? Will my boot partition be fit for being on an SSD after this? Or should I consider switching to ext2, or even reinstall it all and choose ext2 at partitioning time (I'd rather not though, since I've configured quite some stuff already)?

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• How do hdparm's -S and -B options interact?

  - by user697683

  These two options seem confusing. For example: according to the man page -B 254 "does not permit spin-down". However, testing with -B 254 -S 1 the drive does spin down after 5 seconds. -B Query/set Advanced Power Management feature, if the drive supports it. A low value means aggressive power management and a high value means better performance. Possible settings range from values 1 through 127 (which permit spin-down), and values 128 through 254 (which do not permit spin-down). The highest degree of power management is attained with a setting of 1, and the highest I/O performance with a setting of 254. A value of 255 tells hdparm to disable Advanced Power Management altogether on the drive (not all drives support disabling it, but most do). -S Put the drive into idle (low-power) mode, and also set the standby (spindown) timeout for the drive. This timeout value is used by the drive to determine how long to wait (with no disk activity) before turning off the spindle motor to save power. Under such circumstances, the drive may take as long as 30 seconds to respond to a subsequent disk access, though most drives are much quicker. The encoding of the timeout value is somewhat peculiar. A value of zero means "timeouts are disabled": the device will not automatically enter standby mode. Values from 1 to 240 specify multiples of 5 seconds, yielding timeouts from 5 seconds to 20 minutes. Values from 241 to 251 specify from 1 to 11 units of 30 minutes, yielding timeouts from 30 minutes to 5.5 hours. A value of 252 signifies a timeout of 21 minutes. A value of 253 sets a vendor-defined timeout period between 8 and 12 hours, and the value 254 is reserved. 255 is interpreted as 21 minutes plus 15 seconds. Note that some older drives may have very different interpretations of these values.

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• Looking for a recommendation on measuring a high availability app that is using a CDN.

  - by T Reddy

  I work for a Fortune 500 company that struggles with accurately measuring performance and availability for high availability applications (i.e., apps that are up 99.5% with 5 seconds page to page navigation). We factor in both scheduled and unscheduled downtime to determine this availability number. However, we recently added a CDN into the mix, which kind of complicates our metrics a bit. The CDN now handles about 75% of our traffic, while sending the remainder to our own servers. We attempt to measure what we call a "true user experience" (i.e., our testing scripts emulate a typical user clicking through the application.) These monitoring scripts sit outside of our network, which means we're hitting the CDN about 75% of the time. Management has decided that we take the worst case scenario to measure availability. So if our origin servers are having problems, but yet the CDN is serving content just fine, we still take a hit on availability. The same is true the other way around. My thought is that as long as the "user experience" is successful, we should not unnecessarily punish ourselves. After all, a CDN is there to improve performance and availability! I'm just wondering if anyone has any knowledge of how other Fortune 500 companies calculate their availability numbers? I look at apple.com, for instance, of a storefront that uses a CDN that never seems to be down (unless there is about to be a major product announcement.) It would be great to have some hard, factual data because I don't believe that we need to unnecessarily hurt ourselves on these metrics. We are making business decisions based on these numbers. I can say, however, given that these metrics are visible to management, issues get addressed and resolved pretty fast (read: we cut through the red-tape pretty quick.) Unfortunately, as a developer, I don't want management to think that the application is up or down because some external factor (i.e., CDN) is influencing the numbers. Thoughts? (I mistakenly posted this question on StackOverflow, sorry in advance for the cross-post)

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• How to choose the most optimal RAID settings on PE2950

  - by javano

  I have some Dell PowerEdge 2950's with 4x 15k, 150GB Cheetah SAS drives in them. They are going to be VM hosts, CentOS running ESXi with Windows Server 2k8 guests. Some guests will be hosting IIS servers, and others MSSQL servers. I am trying to set the RAID virtual disks settings and can't decide which is more optimal given this situation; Read Policy: Out of Read-Ahead, No-Read-Ahead and Adaptive Read-Ahead, the default is Read-Ahead. I will be making large sequential writes initially, writing out blank images for virtual machine hard drives (lets say 30GBs from /dev/zero for example) so Read-Ahead seems good at first. But within the virtual machines reads could be random from anywhere within their file systems as they are IIS and MSSQL servers, so perhaps No-Read-Ahead is a better idea? Now I think Adaptive Read-Ahead would be better then as a compromise but I don't know much about this option, how does it compare in performance to the others? Write Policy: write-back caching, write-through caching, the default is write-back caching. The default of write-back caching is safer than write-through caching but at a performance expense. My thinking here is that in the event of power loss for example, it seems more likely in my head (this is why I need some clarification!) that damage will occur to a guest VM with write-back caching enabled, so I should favour write-through? I have searched around and there is obviously no definitive answer, so I would like to find out what is best for my situation.

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