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  • Is it a good practice to use smaller data types for variables to save memory?

    - by ThePlan
    When I learned the C++ language for the first time I learned that besides int, float etc, smaller or bigger versions of these data types existed within the language. For example I could call a variable x int x; or short int x; The main difference being that short int takes 2 bytes of memory while int takes 4 bytes, and short int has a lesser value, but we could also call this to make it even smaller: int x; short int x; unsigned short int x; which is even more restrictive. My question here is if it's a good practice to use separate data types according to what values your variable take within the program. Is it a good idea to always declare variables according to these data types?

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  • Best practices for upgrading user data when updating versions of software

    - by Javy
    In my code I check the current version of the software on launch and compare it to the version stored in the user's data file(s). If the version is newer, then I call different methods to update the old data to the newer data version, if necessary. I usually have to make a new method to convert the data with each update that changes user data in some way, and cannot remove the old ones in case there was someone who missed an update. So the app must be able to go through each method call and update their data until they get their data current. With larger data sets, this could be a problem. In addition, I recently had a brief discussion with another StackOverflow user this and he indicated he always appended a date stamp to the filename to manage data versions, although his reasoning as to why this was better than storing the version data in the file itself was unclear. Since I've rarely seen management of user data versions in books I've read, I'm curious what are the best practices for naming user data files and procedures for updating older data to newer versions.

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  • Using "prevent execution of method" flags

    - by tpaksu
    First of all I want to point out my concern with some pseudocode (I think you'll understand better) Assume you have a global debug flag, or class variable named "debug", class a : var debug = FALSE and you use it to enable debug methods. There are two types of usage it as I know: first in a method : method a : if debug then call method b; method b : second in the method itself: method a : call method b; method b : if not debug exit And I want to know, is there any File IO or stack pointer wise difference between these two approaches. Which usage is better, safer and why?

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  • What are the pros and cons of a non-fixed-interval update loop?

    - by akonsu
    I am studying various approaches to implementing a game loop and I have found this article. In the article the author implements a loop which, if the processing falls behind in time, skips frame renderings and just updates the game in a loop (the last variant called "Constant Game Speed independent of Variable FPS"). I do not understand why it is acceptable to call update_game() in a loop without making sure the update function is called at a particular interval. I do not see any value in doing this. I would think that in my game I want to be sure the game is updated periodically with a known period. So maybe it is worthwhile to have two threads, one would call update periodically, and the other one would redraw the game, also periodically? Would this be a good and practical approach? Of course I would need to synchronise the threads.

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  • Is it a good approach to rely on 3rd party software ( not library )?

    - by gunbuster363
    We have program using a call to a winzip program or 7zip commandline tool to zip some files. Once I accidentally uninstall winzip on my computer and making one of our program( created by the programmer already left ) crashed. So we cannot uninstall the winzip program. Now I've come to a point which I need to decide a external tool for gzip in windows or I make a java program which I can call to gzip the file. Obviously a external tool such as 7z is convenient and we can avoid some extra coding with java. On the contrary, if 7z is uninstalled accidentally, our program will crash. What do you think?

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  • Should concrete classes avoid calling other concrete classes, except for data objects?

    - by Kazark
    In Appendix A to The Art of Unit Testing, Roy Osherove, speaking about ways to write testable code from the start, says, An abstract class shouldn't call concrete classes, and concerete classes shouldn't call concrete classes either, unless they're data objects (objects holding data, with no behavior). (259) The first half of the sentence is simply Dependency Inversion from SOLID. The second half seems rather extreme to me. That means that every time I'm going to write a class that isn't a simple data structure, which is most classes, I should write an interface or abstract class first, right? Is it really worthwhile to go that far in defining abstract classes an interfaces? Can anyone explain why in more detail, or refute it in spite of its benefit for testability?

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  • Checking whether the user input is a str in Python [migrated]

    - by Sahil Babbar
    I checked various questions on Stack Overflow but one thing every logic lacks. Let me demonstrate using Python: while True: user_input = raw_input() if type(user_input) == str: print 'ERROR' else: print 'BINGO' Also, we cannot use input() in place of raw_input() as it gives the error:Traceback (most recent call last): File ".\test.py", line 3, in <module> user_input = int(input()) File "<string>", line 1, in <module> NameError: name 'asdf' is not defined The problem here is that raw_input converts the user input into string so it always prints 'ERROR' and if I change the second line to user_input = int(raw_input) then, it gives an error: Traceback (most recent call last): File ".\test.py", line 3, in <module> user_input = int(raw_input()) ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'asdf' I tried this with try and except but it shall work fine to check integer but not a string. I feel that this question may be marked as a duplicate but I think that this query is important, if logically taken.

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  • Creating basic ACPI event makes the system unusably slow

    - by skerit
    I want to change a few settings on my laptop when I switch to battery power. I created a new event in /etc/acpi/events/cust-battery and it looks like this: event=battery action=/home/skerit/power.sh I put a simple command in the power.sh file: echo This is a test >> /home/skerit/powertest Now, when I tail this file it shows "This is a test" 4-5 times upon switching to battery power. However, the system becomes totally unstable. It slows down significantly. I can't change anything in the terminal. The terminal and certain parts of the screen (like the gnome system monitor applet) go blank from time to time. What can be the cause of that? It's a simple echo that gets executed a few times!

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  • CMake can not find PythonLibs

    - by tintin
    I am trying to build inria Graphite on my ubuntu which is running in a VirtualBox simulator, I follow the instructions, and install the python-dev packages, but when I run cmake , still got an error: CMake Error at /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake:108 (message): Could NOT find PythonLibs (missing: PYTHON_LIBRARIES PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS) (Required is at least version "3.2") Call Stack (most recent call first): /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake:315 (_FPHSA_FAILURE_MESSAGE) /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindPythonLibs.cmake:208 (FIND_PACKAGE_HANDLE_STANDARD_ARGS) src/packages/OGF/gel_python3/CMakeLists.txt:11 (FIND_PACKAGE) I checked the /usr/lib/ and find tintin@tintin-VirtualBox:/usr/lib$ find . -name "libpython*" ./x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.4m.so.1.0 ./x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1.0 ./x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.4m.a ./x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.a ./x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.4m.so ./x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so ./x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1 ./x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.4m.so.1 so why cmake can not find the PythonLibs, or how should I deal with this?

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  • Microphone problem in Ubuntu 11.10

    - by Teja
    I am using both Windows 7 and Ubuntu 11.10 on a single system with the same hardware. While I'm making call through Gmail or Skype my voice is audible to others while I'm on Windows 7, but while I'm on Ubuntu 11.10 it's not audible to others, but I am able to hear their voice. But while I'm playing music on Ubuntu along with a call, the others are able to hear the music, but my voice is not audible for them. Please give me a solution for this and tell me where I can change the microphone settings on Ubuntu 11.10.

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  • Java Phones: How to set up JTAPI?

    - by Adam Tannon
    I want to use JTAPI (1.4 - latest) to create an app that will call my phone whenever I need it to. I downloaded JSR043 (JTAPI specification) and have been reading the API docs and it seems pretty straight forward with respect to how to code JTAPI. However I seriously doubt that getting a Java app on my laptop to call my cell phone doesn't require some 3rd party or middle man service provider and possibly other entities/configurations as well. So I ask: besides using the JTAPI in my Java code, what do I need to install or set up to have a Java app that calls my phone? Thanks in advance!

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  • What is a *slightly* less extreme equivalent to being "fluent" in a language?

    - by Mehrdad
    tl;dr: What is a less extreme (but still noticeable) alternative to the word "fluent", when saying e.g. "I am fluent in C++/Python/whatever?" I think I can call myself "fluent" in C#, because I know the language and runtime very well, and I'm very familiar with the .NET framework's APIs and classes, etc. I would like to claim the same thing for Python and C++. But while I can program in Python (I did so for an entire summer, making a website with Django), for example, I would not call myself fluent because my code isn't always "Pythonic" (e.g. using map/filter vs. list comprehensions), and I'm not too intimate with some aspects of the language and standard library yet (e.g. the introspection API, etc.). Is there a word or phrase I can use on e.g. a resume to describe what I know? I can think of "very familiar with", but is there a better word/phrase I can use?

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  • How can I link to callback functions in Lua such that the callbacks will be updated when the scripts are reloaded?

    - by Raptormeat
    I'm implementing Lua scripting in my game using LuaBind, and one of the things I'm not clear on is the logistics of reloading the scripts live ingame. Currently, using the LuaBind C++ class luabind::object, I save references to Lua callbacks directly in the classes that use them. Then I can use luabind::call_function using that object in order to call the Lua code from the C++ code. I haven't tested this yet, but my assumption is that if I reload the scripts, then all the functions will be redefined, BUT the references to the OLD functions will still exist in the form of the luabind::object held by the C++ code. I would like to be able to swap out the old for the new without manually having to manage this for every script hook in the game. How best to change this so the process works? My first thought is to not save a reference to the function directly, but maybe save the function name instead, and grab the function by name every time we want to call it. I'm looking for better ideas!

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  • Assign programs permanently to different sound-outputs in Pulseaudio?

    - by Mood
    I want to assign Skype input and output to my USB-headset while the rest of my laptop uses the internal sound-card. This is an easy task with PulseAudio Volume control (pavucontrol). The only problem I have is every time a call is made I manually have to set the output and input for Skype to my USB-device . When I hang up, Skype disappears from Volume Control. It reappears again with the next call only this time the default sound-card is selected again. It shouldn’t be hard to let PulseAudio look or the USB-headset is connected when Skype audio comes is before selecting the default. The way to do it is obvious not through Volume Control.

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  • Tasks, jobs, activities, operations... which term to use when?

    - by Paul Stovell
    My application has a number of different asynchronous 'things' that it performs: There are things that fire off a schedule (every 5 minutes) There are things that are fired when a user clicks a button There are things that are triggered by an incoming web service call I use the terms like this: Scheduled things = Jobs User-triggered things = Tasks Web service-triggered things = Operations Tasks are quite complicated, so they're implemented using a hierarchy of different objects which I call Activities (operations and jobs may also begin to use these Activities as their building blocks). I feel like I might be using the wrong terms - for example, would you expect something that happens every 5 minutes automatically to be a Job or a Task? Is there an industry standard for this? All of the words seem to mean the same thing.

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  • How to detect GLSL warnings?

    - by msell
    After compiling a shader with glCompileShader, I can call glGetShaderiv with GL_COMPILE_STATUS to check if the shader compiled successfully. I can also call glGetShaderInfoLog to get information about possible errors, warnings or other info. The information log returned by this function is unspecified. In a tool where users can write their own shaders, I would like to print all errors and warnings from the compilation, but nothing if no warnings or errors were found. The problem is that the GL_COMPILE_STATUS returns only false if the compilation failed and true otherwise. If no problems were found, some drivers return empty info log from glGetShaderInfoLog, but some drivers can return something else such as "No errors.", which I do not want to print to the user. How is this problem generally solved?

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  • How to get out of supporting deadend sales pitches?

    - by JoseK
    As part of being a programmer, you often are asked to provide estimates/ make slideware / do technical demos for Sales teams to present to end-clients. Sometimes we go along for the 'technical' discussions or 'strategic capability planning' or some similar mumbo-jumbo. Sometimes, you kind of know which ones are totally going to fail and are not worth pursuing but the Sales guys present fake optimism and extract 'few more slides' out of you or the 'last conference call'. These don't lead to anywhere and are just a waste of time from other tasks for the week. My question is how do you get out of these situations without coming across as non-cooperative. Updated after Kate Gregory's answer: The problem is related to projects we know are doomed (from the technical feedback we've received) But Sales ain't convinced since they've just had a call higher up the management chain - so it's definitely going ahead !

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  • How can I cleanly and elegantly handle data and dependancies between classes

    - by Neophyte
    I'm working on 2d topdown game in SFML 2, and need to find an elegant way in which everything will work and fit together. Allow me to explain. I have a number of classes that inherit from an abstract base that provides a draw method and an update method to all the classes. In the game loop, I call update and then draw on each class, I imagine this is a pretty common approach. I have classes for tiles, collisions, the player and a resource manager that contains all the tiles/images/textures. Due to the way input works in SFML I decided to have each class handle input (if required) in its update call. Up until now I have been passing in dependencies as needed, for example, in the player class when a movement key is pressed, I call a method on the collision class to check if the position the player wants to move to will be a collision, and only move the player if there is no collision. This works fine for the most part, but I believe it can be done better, I'm just not sure how. I now have more complex things I need to implement, eg: a player is able to walk up to an object on the ground, press a key to pick it up/loot it and it will then show up in inventory. This means that a few things need to happen: Check if the player is in range of a lootable item on keypress, else do not proceed. Find the item. Update the sprite texture on the item from its default texture to a "looted" texture. Update the collision for the item: it might have changed shape or been removed completely. Inventory needs to be updated with the added item. How do I make everything communicate? With my current system I will end up with my classes going out of scope, and method calls to each other all over the place. I could tie up all the classes in one big manager and give each one a reference to the parent manager class, but this seems only slightly better. Any help/advice would be greatly appreciated! If anything is unclear, I'm happy to expand on things.

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  • Embedding Pygame to C++ [closed]

    - by Pendertuga
    If embedding Pygame to C++ to have a game be an executable, is there any extra process I would have to use in order to use Pygame functions when embedding into C++? As opposed to just writing embedding code in C++ for normal Python code? To clear cut the question I want to know if it's the same process without having to call different functions. EDIT: My question is if I have to call different functions in C++ when embedding Python code that uses Pygame modules. I am NOT using pygame2exe nor py2exe. I never even mentioned those. My question is solely about code embedding.

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  • Understanding When Social Interactions Should Be Resolved in Another Channel

    - by Christina McKeon
    Guest Blogger: Aphrodite Brinsmead, Senior Analyst at Ovum Agents need to respond to customers’ social comments and questions quickly and in the right tone. But more importantly, they need to offer resolutions. Customers care most about how long it takes to find information rather than which channel they are using. They choose to use social media because they are comfortable with the channel and it offers a convenient way to communicate. Ideally agents will resolve questions within social media, but they need guidance as to how and when to escalate interactions to a more private channel. First, businesses should assess the way in which customers are using social media to communicate with them and categorize posts into groups: complaints, feedback, technical queries or more general support questions. They should then consider the types of interactions that can easily be handled within social media and those that need to be followed up in another channel. This will be very dependent on the industry. Examples of queries that can be resolved in social media include Shipping pricing and timeframes Outage updates and resolution plans Flight status information Product stock check Technical support videos or forum posts Availability of facilities Both customers and agents need to be educated about the types of questions they can expect to resolve within social media. As the channel matures as a customer service tool, it needs to have value other than just as a forum for complaints. Social customer service agents need the power to start a web chat or phone call Any questions where customers need to divulge personal details in order to get a resolution will need to be addressed in a private channel: a private social message, web chat, email or phone call. Customers should never disclose their date of birth, social security, credit card number, or healthcare records in a public forum. Flight issues, changes to a booking, billing queries or account updates will all need to be completed via a private interaction. Agents responding to questions on social media need the ability to start a web chat or phone call with the customer. The customer doesn’t want to have to repeat their question and the agent should be empowered to connect customer records and access account or billing information. These agents will need to be trained across different channels and should be able to view all customer communications in one application. They also need to follow up questions that began on a public forum in the initial channel to make it clear that the issue was addressed. In order to make this possible, social media needs to be integrated as part of a broader customer service strategy. Irrespective of how many channels are used to complete an interaction, businesses should prioritize customer satisfaction and issue resolution. They need a clear strategy and trained agents that can handle and respond to social interactions. Follow me on Twitter @diteb. 

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  • Nullmailer in /var/log/syslog

    - by Fluffy
    I'm getting a lot of messages like these: me@home:/etc/snmp$ tail /var/log/syslog Jun 12 17:52:15 home nullmailer[1238]: Starting delivery: protocol: smtp host: mail. file: 1339502401.24665 Jun 12 17:52:15 home nullmailer[7086]: smtp: Failed: Connect failed Jun 12 17:52:15 home nullmailer[1238]: Sending failed: Host not found Jun 12 17:52:15 home nullmailer[1238]: Starting delivery: protocol: smtp host: mail. file: 1339174804.27614 Jun 12 17:52:15 home nullmailer[7087]: smtp: Failed: Connect failed Jun 12 17:52:15 home nullmailer[1238]: Sending failed: Host not found Jun 12 17:52:15 home nullmailer[1238]: Starting delivery: protocol: smtp host: mail. file: 1339324201.21737 Jun 12 17:52:15 home nullmailer[7088]: smtp: Failed: Connect failed Jun 12 17:52:15 home nullmailer[1238]: Sending failed: Host not found Jun 12 17:52:15 home nullmailer[1238]: Delivery complete, 331 message(s) remain. The problem is, I don't recall sending anything. How do I find out which software is sending these messages? How do I read them?

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  • What's the reason exceptions are heavily used in managed (C# and Java) languages but not in C++? [on hold]

    - by ZijingWu
    AFAIK, a lot of C++ projects don't allow exceptions and deny them in coding guidelines. I have a lot of reasons, for example, exception is hard to handle correctly if your binary needs to be compiled by separate and different compilers. But it doesn't fully convince me, there is a lot of projects which are just using one compiler. Compared to C++, exceptions are heavily used in C# and Java and the reason can only be that exception are not bringing enough benefit. One point is debugbility in practice. Exception can not get the call stack in C++ code, but in C# and Java you can get the call stack from exception, it is significant and makes debugging easier. No-callstack is not the fault of the exception, it is the language difference, but it impacts the exception usage. So what's the reason that exceptions are frowned upon in c++ programs?

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  • Passing functions into other functions as parameters, bad practice?

    - by BlueHat
    We've been in the process of changing how our AS3 application talks to our back end and we're in the process of implementing a REST system to replace our old one. Sadly the developer who started the work is now on long term sick leave and it's been handed over to me. I've been working with it for the past week or so now and I understand the system, but there's one thing that's been worrying me. There seems to be a lot of passing of functions into functions. For example our class that makes the call to our servers takes in a function that it will then call and pass an object to when the process is complete and errors have been handled etc. It's giving me that "bad feeling" where I feel like it's horrible practice and I can think of some reasons why but I want some confirmation before I propose a re-work to system. I was wondering if anyone had any experience with this possible problem?

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  • Better way for calculating project euler's 2nd problem Fibonacci sequence)

    - by firephil
    object Problem_2 extends App { def fibLoop():Long = { var x = 1L var y = 2L var sum = 0L var swap = 0L while(x < 4000000) { if(x % 2 ==0) sum +=x swap = x x = y y = swap + x } sum } def fib:Int = { lazy val fs: Stream[Int] = 0 #:: 1 #:: fs.zip(fs.tail).map(p => p._1 + p._2) fs.view.takeWhile(_ <= 4000000).filter(_ % 2 == 0).sum } val t1 = System.nanoTime() val res = fibLoop val t2 = (System.nanoTime() - t1 )/1000 println(s"The result is: $res time taken $t2 ms ") } Is there a better functional way for calculating the fibonaci sequence and taking the sum of the the even values below 4million ? (projecteuler.net - problem 2) The imperative method is 1000x faster ?

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  • Passing class names or objects?

    - by nischayn22
    I have a switch statement switch ( $id ) { case 'abc': return 'Animal'; case 'xyz': return 'Human'; //many more } I am returning class names,and use them to call some of their static functions using call_user_func(). Instead I can also create a object of that class, return that and then call the static function from that object as $object::method($param) switch ( $id ) { case 'abc': return new Animal; case 'xyz': return new Human; //many more } Which way is efficient? To make this question broader : I have classes that have mostly all static methods right now, putting them into classes is kind of a grouping idea here (for example the DB table structure of Animal is given by class Animal and so for Human class). I need to access many functions from these classes so the switch needs to give me access to the class

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