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• Clusterware 11gR2 &ndash; Setting up an Active/Passive failover configuration

  - by Gilles Haro

  Oracle provides many interesting ways to ensure High Availability. Dataguard configurations, RAC configurations or even both (as recommended for a Maximum Available Architecture - MAA) are the most frequently found. But when it comes to protecting a system with an Active/Passive architecture with failover capabilities, one often thinks to expensive third party cluster systems. Oracle Clusterware technology, which comes free with Oracle Database, is – in the knowing of most people - often linked to Oracle RAC and therefore, is rarely used to implement failover solutions. 11gR2 Clusterware – which is part of Oracle Grid Infrastructure - provides a comprehensive framework to setup automatic failover configurations. It is actually possible to make “failover-able'” and, therefore to protect, almost every kind of application (from xclock to the more complex Application Server) In the next couple of lines, I will try to present the different steps to achieve this goal : Have a fully operational 11gR2 database protected by automatic failover capabilities. I assume you are fluent in installing Oracle Database 11gR2, Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11gR2 on a Linux system and that ASM is not a problem for you (as I am using it as a shared storage). If not, please have a look at Oracle Documentation. As often, I made my tests using an Oracle VirtualBox environment. The scripts are tested and functional. Unfortunately, there can always be a typo or a mistake. This blog entry is not a course around the Clusterware Framework. I just hope it will let you see how powerful it is and that it will give you the whilst to go further with it…   Prerequisite 2 Linux boxes (OELCluster01 and OELCluster02) at the same OS level. I used OEL 5 Update 5 with Enterprise Kernel. Shared Storage (SAN). On my VirtualBox system, I used Openfiler to simulate the SAN Oracle 11gR2 Database (11.2.0.1) Oracle 11gR2 Grid Infrastructure (11.2.0.1)   Step 1 – Install the software Using asmlib, create 3 ASM disks (ASM_CRS, ASM_DTA and ASM_FRA) Install Grid Infrastructure for a cluster (OELCluster01 and OELCluster02 are the 2 nodes of the cluster) Use ASM_CRS to store Voting Disk and OCR. Use SCAN. Install Oracle Database Standalone binaries on both nodes. Use asmca to check/mount the disk groups on 2 nodes Use dbca to create and configure a database on the primary node Let’s name it DB11G. Copy the pfile, password file to the second node. Create adump directoty on the second node.   Step 2 - Setup the resource to be protected After its creation with dbca, the database is automatically protected by the Oracle Restart technology available with Grid Infrastructure. Consequently, it restarts automatically (if possible) after a crash (ex: kill –9 smon). A database resource has been created for that in the Cluster Registry. We can observe this with the command : crsctl status resource that shows and ora.dba11g.db entry. Let’s save the definition of this resource, for future use : mkdir –p /crs/11.2.0/HA_scripts chown oracle:oinstall /crs/11.2.0/HA_scripts crsctl status resource ora.db11g.db -p > /crs/11.2.0/HA_scripts/myResource.txt Although very interesting, Oracle Restart is not cluster aware and cannot restart the database on any other node of the cluster. So, let’s remove it from the OCR definitions, we don’t need it ! srvctl stop database -d DB11G srvctl remove database -d DB11G Instead of it, we need to create a new resource of a more general type : cluster_resource. Here are the steps to achieve this : Create an action script :  /crs/11.2.0/HA_scripts/my_ActivePassive_Cluster.sh #!/bin/bash export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 export ORACLE_SID=DB11G case $1 in 'start')   $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus /nolog <<EOF   connect / as sysdba   startup EOF   RET=0   ;; 'stop')   $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus /nolog <<EOF   connect / as sysdba   shutdown immediate EOF   RET=0   ;; 'check')    ok=`ps -ef | grep smon | grep $ORACLE_SID | wc -l`    if [ $ok = 0 ]; then      RET=1    else      RET=0    fi    ;; '*')      RET=0   ;; esac if [ $RET -eq 0 ]; then    exit 0 else    exit 1 fi   This script must provide, at least, methods to start, stop and check the database. It is self-explaining and contains nothing special. Just be aware that it is run as Oracle user (because of the ACL property – see later) and needs to know about the environment. It also needs to be present on every node of the cluster. chmod +x /crs/11.2.0/HA_scripts/my_ActivePassive_Cluster.sh scp  /crs/11.2.0/HA_scripts/my_ActivePassive_Cluster.sh   oracle@OELCluster02:/crs/11.2.0/HA_scripts Create a new resource file, based on the information we got from previous  myResource.txt . Name it myNewResource.txt. myResource.txt  is shown below. As we can see, it defines an ora.database.type resource, named ora.db11g.db. A lot of properties are related to this type of resource and do not need to be used for a cluster_resource. NAME=ora.db11g.db TYPE=ora.database.type ACL=owner:oracle:rwx,pgrp:oinstall:rwx,other::r-- ACTION_FAILURE_TEMPLATE= ACTION_SCRIPT= ACTIVE_PLACEMENT=1 AGENT_FILENAME=%CRS_HOME%/bin/oraagent%CRS_EXE_SUFFIX% AUTO_START=restore CARDINALITY=1 CHECK_INTERVAL=1 CHECK_TIMEOUT=600 CLUSTER_DATABASE=false DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DB11G DEFAULT_TEMPLATE=PROPERTY(RESOURCE_CLASS=database) PROPERTY(DB_UNIQUE_NAME= CONCAT(PARSE(%NAME%, ., 2), %USR_ORA_DOMAIN%, .)) ELEMENT(INSTANCE_NAME= %GEN_USR_ORA_INST_NAME%) DEGREE=1 DESCRIPTION=Oracle Database resource ENABLED=1 FAILOVER_DELAY=0 FAILURE_INTERVAL=60 FAILURE_THRESHOLD=1 GEN_AUDIT_FILE_DEST=/oracle/admin/DB11G/adump GEN_USR_ORA_INST_NAME= GEN_USR_ORA_INST_NAME@SERVERNAME(oelcluster01)=DB11G HOSTING_MEMBERS= INSTANCE_FAILOVER=0 LOAD=1 LOGGING_LEVEL=1 MANAGEMENT_POLICY=AUTOMATIC NLS_LANG= NOT_RESTARTING_TEMPLATE= OFFLINE_CHECK_INTERVAL=0 ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 PLACEMENT=restricted PROFILE_CHANGE_TEMPLATE= RESTART_ATTEMPTS=2 ROLE=PRIMARY SCRIPT_TIMEOUT=60 SERVER_POOLS=ora.DB11G SPFILE=+DTA/DB11G/spfileDB11G.ora START_DEPENDENCIES=hard(ora.DTA.dg,ora.FRA.dg) weak(type:ora.listener.type,uniform:ora.ons,uniform:ora.eons) pullup(ora.DTA.dg,ora.FRA.dg) START_TIMEOUT=600 STATE_CHANGE_TEMPLATE= STOP_DEPENDENCIES=hard(intermediate:ora.asm,shutdown:ora.DTA.dg,shutdown:ora.FRA.dg) STOP_TIMEOUT=600 UPTIME_THRESHOLD=1h USR_ORA_DB_NAME=DB11G USR_ORA_DOMAIN=haroland USR_ORA_ENV= USR_ORA_FLAGS= USR_ORA_INST_NAME=DB11G USR_ORA_OPEN_MODE=open USR_ORA_OPI=false USR_ORA_STOP_MODE=immediate VERSION=11.2.0.1.0 I removed database type related entries from myResource.txt and modified some other to produce the following myNewResource.txt. Notice the NAME property that should not have the ora. prefix Notice the TYPE property that is not ora.database.type but cluster_resource. Notice the definition of ACTION_SCRIPT. Notice the HOSTING_MEMBERS that enumerates the members of the cluster (as returned by the olsnodes command). NAME=DB11G.db TYPE=cluster_resource DESCRIPTION=Oracle Database resource ACL=owner:oracle:rwx,pgrp:oinstall:rwx,other::r-- ACTION_SCRIPT=/crs/11.2.0/HA_scripts/my_ActivePassive_Cluster.sh PLACEMENT=restricted ACTIVE_PLACEMENT=0 AUTO_START=restore CARDINALITY=1 CHECK_INTERVAL=10 DEGREE=1 ENABLED=1 HOSTING_MEMBERS=oelcluster01 oelcluster02 LOGGING_LEVEL=1 RESTART_ATTEMPTS=1 START_DEPENDENCIES=hard(ora.DTA.dg,ora.FRA.dg) weak(type:ora.listener.type,uniform:ora.ons,uniform:ora.eons) pullup(ora.DTA.dg,ora.FRA.dg) START_TIMEOUT=600 STOP_DEPENDENCIES=hard(intermediate:ora.asm,shutdown:ora.DTA.dg,shutdown:ora.FRA.dg) STOP_TIMEOUT=600 UPTIME_THRESHOLD=1h Register the resource. Take care of the resource type. It needs to be a cluster_resource and not a ora.database.type resource (Oracle recommendation) .   crsctl add resource DB11G.db  -type cluster_resource -file /crs/11.2.0/HA_scripts/myNewResource.txt Step 3 - Start the resource crsctl start resource DB11G.db This command launches the ACTION_SCRIPT with a start and a check parameter on the primary node of the cluster. Step 4 - Test this We will test the setup using 2 methods. crsctl relocate resource DB11G.db This command calls the ACTION_SCRIPT  (on the two nodes)  to stop the database on the active node and start it on the other node. Once done, we can revert back to the original node, but, this time we can use a more “MS$ like” method :Turn off the server on which the database is running. After short delay, you should observe that the database is relocated on node 1. Conclusion Once the software installed and the standalone database created (which is a rather common and usual task), the steps to reach the objective are quite easy : Create an executable action script on every node of the cluster. Create a resource file. Create/Register the resource with OCR using the resource file. Start the resource. This solution is a very interesting alternative to licensable third party solutions.   References Clusterware 11gR2 documentation Oracle Clusterware Resource Reference   Gilles Haro Technical Expert - Core Technology, Oracle Consulting   

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• What is the difference between Row Level Security and RPD security?

  - by Jeffrey McDaniel

  Row level security (RLS) is a feature of Oracle Enterprise Edition database. RLS enforces security policies on the database level. This means any query executed against the database will respect the specific security applied through these policies. For P6 Reporting Database, these policies are applied during the ETL process. This gives database users the ability to access data with security enforcement even outside of the Oracle Business Intelligence application. RLS is a new feature of P6 Reporting Database starting in version 3.0. This allows for maximum security enforcement outside of the ETL and inside of Oracle Business Intelligence (Analysis and Dashboards). Policies are defined against the STAR tables based on Primavera Project and Resource security. RLS is the security method of Oracle Enterprise Edition customers. See previous blogs and P6 Reporting Database Installation and Configuration guide for more on security specifics. To allow the use of Oracle Standard Edition database for those with a small database (as defined in the P6 Reporting Database Sizing and Planning guide) an RPD with non-RLS is also available. RPD security is enforced by adding specific criteria to the physical and business layers of the RPD for those tables that contain projects and resources, and those fields that are cost fields vs. non cost fields. With the RPD security method Oracle Business Intelligence enforces security. RLS security is the default security method. Additional steps are required at installation and ETL run time for those Oracle Standard Edition customers who use RPD security. The RPD method of security enforcement existed from P6 Reporting Database 2.0/P6 Analytics 1.0 up until RLS became available in P6 Reporting Database 3.0\P6 Analytics 2.0.

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• how to store xml structure in a persistence layer?

  - by fayer

  i wonder how i could store a xml structure in a persistence layer. cause the relational data looks like: <entity id="1000070"> <name>apple</name> <entities> <entity id="7002870"> <name>mac</name> <entities> <entity id="7002907"> <name>leopard</name> <entities> <entity id="7024080"> <name>safari</name> </entity> <entity id="7024701"> <name>finder</name> </entity> </entities> </entity> </entities> </entity> <entity id="7024080"> <name>iphone</name> <entities> <entity id="7024080"> <name>3g</name> </entity> <entity id="7024701"> <name>3gs</name> </entity> </entities> </entity> <entity id="7024080"> <name>ipad</name> </entity> </entities> </entity> as you can see, it has no static structure but a dynamical one. mac got 2 descendant levels while iphone got 1 and ipad got 0. i wonder how i could store this data the best way? what are my options. cause it seems impossible to store it in a mysql database due to this dynamical structure. is the only way to store it as a xml file then? is the speed of getting information (xpath/xquery/simplexml) from a xml file worse or greater than from mysql? what are the pros and cons? do i have other options? is storing information in xml files, suited for a lot of users accessing it at the same time? would be great with feedbacks!! thanks!

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• SqlMetal, Sql Server 2008 database, Table with HierachyID, dal cs file is created sometimes ?

  - by judek.mp

  I have 2 databases with a 2 tables with HierachyID fields. For one database I can get a dal cs file, for the other database I cannot get a dal cs file ? HBus is a database I can get the dal cs for, ... SqlMetal /server:.\SQLSERVER2008 /database:HBus /code:HBusDC.cs /views /functions /sprocs /namespace:HBusDC /context:HBusDataContext This kicks me out a file, ... which works, but excludes the HierarchyID field for the table and includes all other fields for that table. This is OK I do not mind. The above cmd line kicks out an warning but still produces a file, like so SqlMetal /server:.\SQLSERVER2008 /database:HBus /code:HBusDC.cs /views /functions /sprocs /namespace:HBusDC /context:HBusDataContext Microsoft (R) Database Mapping Generator 2008 version 1.00.30729 for Microsoft (R) .NET Framework version 3.5 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Warning : SQM1021: Unable to extract column 'OrgNode' of Table 'dbo.HMsg' from SqlServer because the column's DbType is a user-defined type (UDT). Warning : SQM1021: Unable to extract column 'OrgNode' of Table 'dbo.vwHMsg' from SqlServer because the column's DbType is a user-defined type (UDT). HMsg is a table with a HierarchyID field. I have another database, Elf, almost the same thing but I get a warning and an Error when using sql metal and I do not get a dal cs file ... SqlMetal /server:.\SQLSERVER2008 /database:Elf /code:ElfDataContextDal.cs /views /functions /sprocs /namespace:HBusDC /context:HBusDataContext An error as well as the warning and the cs file fails to appear on my disc, ... :-( SqlMetal /server:.\SQLSERVER2008 /database:Elf /code:ElfDataContextDal.cs /views /functions /sprocs /namespace:HBusDC /context:HBusDataContext Microsoft (R) Database Mapping Generator 2008 version 1.00.30729 for Microsoft (R) .NET Framework version 3.5 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Warning : SQM1021: Unable to extract column 'OrgNode' of Table 'dbo.EntityLink' from SqlServer because the column's DbType is a user-defined type (UDT). Error : Requested value 'ELF.SYS.HIERARCHYID' was not found. The fields are declared the same way in Elf db OrgNode [HierarchyID] null , in HBus db ... OrgNode [HierarchyID] null , Both databases are in the same instance of sql server 2008, so the HierarchyID is an inbuilt type, neither db has HierarchyID udt ,... cheers in advance for any replies ...

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• ODBC: when is the best time to create my database?

  - by mawg

  I have a windows program which generates PGP forms which will be filled in later. Those PHP forms will populate a database. It looks very much like MySql, but I can't be certain, so let's call it ODBC. And, yes, it does have to be a windows program. There will also be PHP forms which query the database - examine which tables and fields it contains and then generates forms which can be used to search the database (e.g, it finds a table with fields "employee_name", etc and generates a form which lets you search based on employee name. Let's call that design time and run time. At design time, some manager or IT guy or similar gets to define the nature of the database and at runtime 1) a worker fills in the form daily and 2) management can extract reports. Here's my question: given that the database is defined at "design time" (and populated at run time), where and how is best to do so? 1 I could use an ODBC interface from the windows program, but I am having difficulty finding something good to work with Delphi. Things like ADO and firebird tend to expect you to already have a database and allow you to manipulate it, but I can find no code example of how to create a database and some tables, so ... 2 I could used DOS commands from Delphi in my windows program. I just tried and got a response to MySql --version, but am not sure if MySql etc are more interactive. That is, can I use a script file or a very long stacked command with semicolons and returns separating? e.g 'CREATE DATABASE db; CREATE TABLE t1;' 3) Since the best way to work with databases seems to be PHP, perhaps my windows program could spit out a PHP page which would, when run in a browser, create the database. I have tried to make this as uncomplicated as I can, but please feel free to ask questions. It may be that there are several valid ways, but there is probably one 'better' solution in terms of ease of implementation or maintenance. Better scratch option 3. What if the user later wants to come back and have the windows program change the input form? It needs to update the database too.

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• alphanumeric and special character sorting

  - by Kaushik Gopal

  Hi ppl, I wanted to know the different standards of sorting. To be more specific take the sample set: (Please note there's capitals, small letters, special characters, null values and numbers here) A a 3F Zx - 1Ad NULL How would the Oracle Database sort this by default? How would LINQ sort this by default? How would db2 sort this by default? (the following may get even more vague) How does the Windows platform sort this? (I mean say you have a couple of filenames, by default how would this get treated in a name sort) How does the *nix platform sort this? Is there some sort of standard for alphanumeric/special character sorting? The Windows operating system orders with numbers first, then alphabets. The Oracle database however treats alphabets first. I'm not sure of the *nix platform. It would be nice to have one place to know all these rules for the most common platforms (listed in questions above). Would the gurus throw some light on this topic? Cheers, K

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• Complex Query on cassandra

  - by Sadiqur Rahman

  I have heard on cassandra database engine few days ago and searching for a good documentation on it. after studying on cassandra I got cassandra is more scalable than other data engine. I also read on Amazon SimpleDB but as SimpleDB has a limitation 10GB/table and Google Datastore is slower than Amazon SimpleDB, I prefer not to use them (Google Datastore, Amazon SimpleDB). So for making our site scaled specially high write rates with massive data, I like to use Cassandra as our Data Engine. But before starting using cassandra I am confused on "How to handle complex data using casssandra". I am giving you the MySQL database structure below, Please read this and give me a good suggestion. Users Table hasColum ID Primary hasColum email Unique hasColum FirstName hasColum LastName Category Table hasColum ID Primary hasColum Parent hasColum Category Posts Table hasColum ID Primary hasColum UID Index foreign key linked to users-ID hasColum CID Index foreign key linked to Category-ID hasColum Title hasColum Post Index hasColum PunDate Comments hasColum ID primary hasColum UID Index foreign key linked to users-ID hasColum PID Index foreign key linked to Posts-ID hasColum Comment User Group hasColum ID primary hasColum Name UserToGroup Table (for many to many relation only) hasColum UID foreign key linked to Users-ID hasColum GID foreign key linked to Group-ID Finally for your information, I like to use SimpleCassie PHP Class http://code.google.com/p/simpletools-php/ So, it will be very helpful if you can give me example using SimpleCassie

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• NHibernate query with Projections.Cast to DateTime

  - by stiank81

  I'm experimenting with using a string for storing different kind of data types in a database. When I do queries I need to cast the strings to the right type in the query itself. I'm using .Net with NHibernate, and was glad to learn that there exists functionality for this. Consider the simple class: public class Foo { public string Text { get; set; } } I successfully use Projections.Cast to cast to numeric values, e.g. the following query correctly returns all Foos with an interger stored as int - between 1-10. var result = Session.CreateCriteria<Foo>() .Add(Restrictions.Between(Projections.Cast(NHibernateUtil.Int32, Projections.Property("Text")), 1, 10)) .List<Foo>(); Now if I try using this for DateTime I'm not able to make it work no matter what I try. Why?! var date = new DateTime(2010, 5, 21, 11, 30, 00); AddFooToDb(new Foo { Text = date.ToString() } ); // Will add it to the database... var result = Session .CreateCriteria<Foo>() .Add(Restrictions.Eq(Projections.Cast(NHibernateUtil.DateTime, Projections.Property("Text")), date)) .List<Foo>();

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• Drop Down list null value not working for selected text c#?

  - by Tamara JQ

  Hi guys, Basically I have a drop down list which is populated with text and values depending on a selected index of a radio button list. The code is as follows: protected void RBLGender_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { DDLTrous.Items.Clear(); DDLShoes.Items.Clear(); if (RBLGender.SelectedValue.Equals("Male")) { String[] MaleTrouserText = {"[N/A]", "28\"", "30\"", "32\"", "34\"", "36\"", "38\"", "40\"", "42\"", "44\"", "48\""}; String[] MaleTrouserValue = { null, "28\"", "30\"", "32\"", "34\"", "36\"", "38\"", "40\"", "42\"", "44\"", "48\"" }; String[] MaleShoeText = { "[N/A]", "38M", "39M", "40M", "41M", "42M", "43M", "44M", "45M", "46M", "47M" }; String[] MaleShoeValue = { null, "38M", "39M", "40M", "41M", "42M", "43M", "44M", "45M", "46M", "47M" }; for (int i = 0; i < MaleTrouserText.Length; i++) { ListItem MaleList = new ListItem(MaleTrouserText[i], MaleTrouserValue[i]); DDLTrous.Items.Add(MaleList); } for (int i = 0; i < MaleShoeText.Length; i++) { ListItem MaleShoeList = new ListItem(MaleShoeText[i], MaleShoeValue[i]); DDLShoes.Items.Add(MaleShoeList); } } else if (RBLGender.SelectedValue.Equals("Female"))` When the text '[N/A]' is selected I want the value NULL to be inserted into the database. At present when '[N/A]' is selected the value entered into the database is [N/A] does anyone know why? Thanks in advance.

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• doublechecking: no db-wide 'unicode switch' for sql server in the foreseeable future, i.e. like Orac

  - by user72150

  Hi all, I believe I know the answer to this question, but wanted to confirm: Question Does Sql server (or will it in the foreseeable future), offer a database-wide "unicode switch" which says "store all characters in unicode (UTF-16, UCS-2, etc)", i.e. like Oracle. The Context Our application has provided "CJK" (Chinese-Japanese-Korean) support for years--using Oracle as the db store. Recently folks have been asking for the same support in sql server. We store our db schema definition in xml and generate the vendor-specific definitions (oracle, sql server) using vendor-specific xsl. We can make the change easily. The problem is for upgrades. Generated scripts would need to change the column types for 100+ columns from varchar to nvarchar, varchar(max) to nvarchar(max), etc. These changes require dropping and recreating indexes and foreign keys if the any indexes/fk's exist on the column. Non-trivial. Risky. DB-wide character encodings for us would eliminate programming changes. (I.e. we would not to change the column types from varchar to nvarchar; sql server would correctly store unicode data in varchar columns). I had thought that eventually sql server would "see the light" and allow storing unicode in varchar/clob columns. Evidently not yet. Recap So just to triple check: does mssql offer a database-wide switch for character encoding? Will it in SQL2008R3? or 2010? thanks, bill

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• Application passwords and SQLite security

  - by Bryan

  I have been searching on google for information regarding application passwords and SQLite security for some time, and nothing that I have found has really answered my questions. Here is what I am trying to figure out: 1) My application is going to have an optional password activity that will be called when the application is first opened. My questions for this are a) If I store the password via android preference or SQLite database, how can I ensure security and privacy for the password, and b) how should password recovery be handled? Regarding b) from above, I have thought about requiring an email address when the password feature is enabled, and also a password hint question for use when requesting password recovery. Upon successfully answering the hint question, the password is then emailed to the email address that was submitted. I am not completely confident in the security and privacy of the email method, especially if the email is sent when the user is connected to an open, public wireless network. 2) My application will be using an SQLite database, which will be stored on the SD card if the user has one. Regardless of whether it is stored on the phone or the SD card, what options do I have for data encryption, and how does that affect the application performance? Thanks in advance for time taken to answer these questions. I think that there may be other developers struggling with the same concerns.

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• Integer Surrogate Key?

  - by CitadelCSAlum

  I need something real simple, that for some reason I am unable to accomplish to this point. I have also been unable to Google the answer surprisingly. I need to number the entries in different tables uniquely. I am aware of AUTO INCREMENT in MySQL and that it will be involved. My situation would be as follows If I had a table like Table EXAMPLE ID - INTEGER FIRST_NAME - VARCHAR(45) LAST_NAME - VARCHAR(45) PHONE - VARCHAR(45) CITY - VARCHAR(45) STATE - VARCHAR(45) ZIP - VARCHAR(45) This would be the setup for the table where ID is an integer that is auto-incremented every time an entry is inserted into the table. The thing I need is that I do not want to have to account for this field when inserting data into the database. From my understanding this would be a surrogate key, that I can tell the database to automatically increment and I do not have to include it in the INSERT STATEMENT so instead of INSERT INTO EXAMPLE VALUES (2,'JOHN','SMITH',333-333-3333,'NORTH POLE'.... I can leave out the first ID column and just write something like INSERT INTO EXAMPLE VALUES ('JOHN','SMITH'.....etc) Notice I Wouldnt have to define the ID column... I know this is a very common task to do, but for some reason I cant get to the bottom of it. I am using MySQL, just to clarify. Thanks alot

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• How to make a product catalog in C#?

  - by Ervin

  I need to develop a product catalog (about 4000 products) application, which would be given to clients on CD or DVD. The catalog exists in webpage format using PHP and MySQL. IMPORTANT: the application is given to clients who maight have old PC, old System. For minimal requirements I would put Windows XP and Internet Explorer 6 (if needed). I need the following features: 1 search option (after productID AND after keyword) 2 print option (by selecting multiple products) 3 shopping cart (making a list which will be sent to an email address if there is any Internet Connection on the computer) When I was asked to do it I had 2 days to realise a very basic version, so I took the whole website and exported it in HTML pages, and developed an application in C# which contains an embeded browser. So the whole website is now static and put on a CD. Everything fine so far. Now here are the problems: 1. the search option was realized by parsing the html files and reading the productID or looking for keywords inside of them. Put on a CD it was extremely slow (searching in 600MB of html files). FOR THIS I WOULD NEED A SOLUTION WITH A STATIC DATABASE (USING ACCESS OR SOMETHING) TO HAVE INDEXED ROWS, SO THE SEARCH COULD BE A VERY FAST ONE. 2. the printing option was a simply call of the embeded Internet Explorer print functions. Here are two problems: a) user needs IE7 for printing the website scaled (FIT TO PAGE), otherwise the edges of the page are cut down. b) users of this app does not have even the basic PC usage skills, so they can't set the printing settings, so there will appear in header and footer the page numbers and titles. QUESTION: can I set these settings from CSS for printing? 3. couldn't make a a shopping cart as I don't use a database, so I have static websites and content is inside the HTML. QUESTION: WHICH ARE THE BEST SOLUTIONS FOR THE PROBLEMS DESCRIBED ABOVE? PLEASE ANSWER EVEN IF YOUR ANSWER IS FOR ONE QUESTION ONLY. THANKS

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• Starting with versioning mysql schemata without overkill. Good solutions?

  - by tharkun

  I've arrived at the point where I realise that I must start versioning my database schemata and changes. I consequently read the existing posts on SO about that topic but I'm not sure how to proceed. I'm basically a one man company and not long ago I didn't even use version control for my code. I'm on a windows environment, using Aptana (IDE) and SVN (with Tortoise). I work on PHP/mysql projects. What's a efficient and sufficient (no overkill) way to version my database schemata? I do have a freelancer or two in some projects but I don't expect a lot of branching and merging going on. So basically I would like to keep track of concurrent schemata to my code revisions. [edit] Momentary solution: for the moment I decided I will just make a schema dump plus one with the necessary initial data whenever I'm going to commit a tag (stable version). That seems to be just enough for me at the current stage.[/edit] [edit2]plus I'm now also using a third file called increments.sql where I put all the changes with dates, etc. to make it easy to trace the change history in one file. from time to time I integrate the changes into the two other files and empty the increments.sql[/edit]

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• How to organize integrity tests and code unit tests?

  - by karlthorwald

  I have several files with code testing code (which uses a "unittest" class). Later I found it would be nice to test database integrity also. I put this into a separate directory tree. (Things like the keys have correct format, parent and child nodes are pointing correctly and such.) I use the same unittest class for the integrity tests. Now I wonder if it makes really sense to keep this separate. To test the integrity of data I often duplicate parts of code that I use to test the code that handles the data. But it is not the same. The code tests use test databases (that get deleted after each test) and the integrity tests connect to the live data and analyze it. The integrity tests I want to call from cron and send an alarm if something happens in the live database. How would you handle that? Are there standards for such a setup? What is your experience? My tendency is to put everything in the same file, which would result in the code tests also being executed by the cron on the production environment.

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• SQL Concurrent test update question

  - by ptoinson

  Howdy Folks, I have a SQLServer 2008 database in which I have a table for Tags. A tag is just an id and a name. The definition of the tags table looks like: CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Tag]( [ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [Name] [varchar](255) NOT NULL CONSTRAINT [PK_Tag] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [ID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ) Name is also a unique index. further I have several processes adding data to this table at a pretty rapid rate. These processes use a stored proc that looks like: ALTER PROC [dbo].[lg_Tag_Insert] @Name varchar(255) AS DECLARE @ID int SET @ID = (select ID from Tag where Name=@Name ) if @ID is null begin INSERT Tag(Name) VALUES (@Name) RETURN SCOPE_IDENTITY() end else begin return @ID end My issues is that, other than being a novice at concurrent database design, there seems to be a race condition that is causing me to occasionally get an error that I'm trying to enter duplicate keys (Name) into the DB. The error is: Cannot insert duplicate key row in object 'dbo.Tag' with unique index 'IX_Tag_Name'. This makes sense, I'm just not sure how to fix this. If it where code I would know how to lock the right areas. SQLServer is quite a different beast. First question is what is the proper way to code this 'check, then update pattern'? It seems I need to get an exclusive lock on the row during the check, rather than a shared lock, but it's not clear to me the best way to do that. Any help in the right direction will be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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• storing data at remote server using php

  - by VIPUL GOYAL

  I want to send data to php file and execute insert query in it to store data in database. When i execute this code, it executes but database does not get updated. Code of PHP file Java code------------------------------Remote.java------------------------------ public class Remote extends Activity { EditText name; Button s; String r; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); name= (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText1); s=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1); s.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { try { r = name.getText().toString(); ArrayList<NameValuePair> postParameters = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); postParameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", r)); CustomHttpClient.executeHttpPost("http://vipul.eu5.org/abc.php", postParameters); //Enetr Your remote PHP,ASP, Servlet file link } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); } } -----------------------------CustomHttpClient.java---------------------------- public class CustomHttpClient { private static HttpClient getHttpClient() { if (mHttpClient == null) { mHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(); final HttpParams params = mHttpClient.getParams(); HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(params, HTTP_TIMEOUT); HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(params, HTTP_TIMEOUT); ConnManagerParams.setTimeout(params, HTTP_TIMEOUT); } return mHttpClient; } /** * Performs an HTTP Post request to the specified url with the * specified parameters. * * @param url The web address to post the request to * @param postParameters The parameters to send via the request * @return The result of the request * @throws Exception */ public static void executeHttpPost(String url, ArrayList postParameters) throws Exception { try { HttpClient client = getHttpClient(); HttpPost request = new HttpPost(url); UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(postParameters); request.setEntity(formEntity); HttpResponse response = client.execute(request); } catch(Exception e) { } } }

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• How to organize live data integrity tests and code unit tests?

  - by karlthorwald

  I have several files with code testing code (which uses a "unittest" class). Later I found it would be nice to test database integrity also. I put this into a separate directory tree. (Things like the keys have correct format, parent and child nodes are pointing correctly and such.) I use the same unittest class for the integrity tests. Now I wonder if it makes really sense to keep this separate. To test the integrity of data I often duplicate parts of code that I use to test the code that handles the data. But it is not the same. The code tests use test databases (that get deleted after each test) and the integrity tests connect to the live data and analyze it. The integrity tests I want to call from cron and send an alarm if something happens in the live database. How would you handle that? Are there standards for such a setup? What is your experience? My tendency is to put everything in the same file, which would result in the code tests also being executed by the cron on the production environment.

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• iPhone Core Data does not refresh table

  - by Brian515

  Hi all, I'm trying to write an application with Core Data, and I have been able to successfully read and write to the core data database. However, if I write to the database in one view controller, my other view controllers will not see the change until the app is closed then reopened again. This is really frustrating. I'm not entirely sure how to get the refresh - (void)refreshObject:(NSManagedObject *)object mergeChanges:(BOOL)flag method to work. How do I get a reference to my managed object? Anyways, here's the code I'm using to read the data back. This is in the viewDidLoad method. NSFetchRequest *request = [[NSFetchRequest alloc] init]; NSEntityDescription *entity = [NSEntityDescription entityForName:@"Website" inManagedObjectContext:managedObjectContext]; [request setEntity:entity]; NSSortDescriptor *sortDescriptor = [[NSSortDescriptor alloc] initWithKey:@"siteName" ascending:NO]; NSArray *sortDescriptors = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:sortDescriptor, nil]; [request setSortDescriptors:sortDescriptors]; [sortDescriptor release]; [sortDescriptors release]; NSError *error = nil; NSMutableArray *mutableFetchResults = [[managedObjectContext executeFetchRequest:request error:&error] mutableCopy]; if(mutableFetchResults == nil) { //Handle the error } [self setNewsTitlesArray:mutableFetchResults]; [mutableFetchResults release]; [request release]; [newsSourcesTableView reloadData]; Thanks for help in advance!

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• rails Creating a model instance automatically when another is created

  - by bob

  Hello I have a user model and a ratings model. Whenever a new user is created I want to create a new feedback model with it automatically. Each user model has one feedback model and each feedback model has many ratings. My Classes class User < ActiveRecord::Base end class Feedback < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user has_many :ratings end class Rating < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :feedback end My database tables -user doesn't have anything special -feedback has user_id. This user_id should be the same as the user that has just been created. For example, user_id of 1 is created, then a feedback model should be created that belongs to user_id of 1. So the user_id column in the feedback database will also be 1. - Rating has a feedback_id and a user_id the user_id in this case is the id of the person who submitted the rating. I am having it assigned through the build command. I believe my process is correct here. The Goal The goal is to have each user have a feedback table that has many ratings from other users. So if someone goes to the feedback page, they will see all the ratings given and by who. Is there a better way to approach this? How do you create a model of feedback with the same id as the user being created right when a new user is created. The idea is that when a user is created a feedback is created associated with that user so people can then go to http://localhost:3000/users/1/feedback/ and submit new ratings. I'm trying to bypass having a user rate another user with just a ratings model because I'm not sure how to do it.

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• Would this method work to scale out SQL queries?

  - by David

  I have a database containing a single huge table. At the moment a query can take anything from 10 to 20 minutes and I need that to go down to 10 seconds. I have spent months trying different products like GridSQL. GridSQL works fine, but is using its own parser which does not have all the needed features. I have also optimized my database in various ways without getting the speedup I need. I have a theory on how one could scale out queries, meaning that I utilize several nodes to run a single query in parallel. The idea is to take an incoming SQL query and simply run it exactly like it is on all the nodes. When the results are returned to a coordinator node, the same query is run on the union of the resultsets. I realize that an aggregate function like average need to be rewritten into a count and sum to the nodes and that the coordinator divides the sum of the sums with the sum of the counts to get the average. What kinds of problems could not easily be solved using this model. I believe one issue would be the count distinct function. Edit: I am getting so many nice suggestions, but none have addressed the method.

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• How do I populate a MEF plugin with data that is not hard coded into the assembly?

  - by hjoelr

  I am working on a program that will communicate with various pieces of hardware. Because of the varied nature of the items it communicates and controls, I need to have a different "driver" for each different piece of hardware. This made me think that MEF would be a great way to make those drivers as plugins that can be added even after the product has been released. I've looked at a lot of examples of how to use MEF, but the question that I haven't been able to find an answer to is how to populate a MEF plugin with external data (eg. from a database). All the examples I can find have the "data" hard-coded into the assembly, like the following example: [Export( typeof( IRule ) )] public class RuleInstance : IRule { public void DoIt() {} public string Name { get { return "Rule Instance 3"; } } public string Version { get { return "1.1.0.0"; } } public string Description { get { return "Some Rule Instance"; } } } What if I want Name, Version and Description to come from a database? How would I tell MEF where to get that information? I may be missing something very obvious, but I don't know what it is. Thanks! Joel

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• PHP: tips/resources/patterns for learning to implement a basic ORM

  - by BoltClock

  I've seen various MVC frameworks as well as standalone ORM frameworks for PHP, as well as other ORM questions here; however, most of the questions ask for existing frameworks to get started with, which is not what I'm looking for. (I have also read this SO question but I'm not sure what to make of it, and the answers are vague.) Instead, I figured I'd learn best by getting my hands dirty and actually writing my own ORM, even a simple one. Except I don't really know how to get started, especially since the code I see in other ORMs is so complicated. With my PHP 5.2.x (this is important) MVC framework I have a basic custom database abstraction layer, that has: Very simple methods like connect($host, $user, $pass, $base), query($sql, $binds), etc Subclasses for each DBMS that it supports A class (and respective subclasses) to represent SQL result sets But does not have: Active Record functionality, which I assume is an ORM thing (correct me if I'm wrong) I've read up a little about ORM, and from my understanding they provide a means to further abstract data models from the database itself by representing data as nothing more than PHP-based classes/objects; again, correct me if I am wrong or have missed out in any way. Still, I'd like some simple tips from anyone else who's dabbled more or less with ORM frameworks. Is there anything else I need to take note of, simple example code for me to refer to, or resources I can read? Thanks a lot in advance!

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• MYSQL not running on Ubuntu OS - Error 2002.

  - by mgj

  Hi, I am a novice to mysql DB. I am trying to run the MYSQL Server on Ubuntu 10.04. Through Synaptic Package Manager I am have installed the mysql version: mysql-client-5.1 I wonder that how was the database password set for the mysql-client software that I installed through the above way.It would be nice if you could enlighten me on this. When I tried running this database, I encountered the error given below: mohnish@mohnish-laptop:/var/lib$ mysql ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2) mohnish@mohnish-laptop:/var/lib$ I referred to a similar question posted by another user. I didn't find a solution through the proposed answers. For instance when I tried the solutions posted for the similar question I got the following: mohnish@mohnish-laptop:/var/lib$ service start mysqld start: unrecognized service mohnish@mohnish-laptop:/var/lib$ ps -u mysql ERROR: User name does not exist. ********* simple selection ********* ********* selection by list ********* -A all processes -C by command name -N negate selection -G by real group ID (supports names) -a all w/ tty except session leaders -U by real user ID (supports names) -d all except session leaders -g by session OR by effective group name -e all processes -p by process ID T all processes on this terminal -s processes in the sessions given a all w/ tty, including other users -t by tty g OBSOLETE -- DO NOT USE -u by effective user ID (supports names) r only running processes U processes for specified users x processes w/o controlling ttys t by tty *********** output format ********** *********** long options *********** -o,o user-defined -f full --Group --User --pid --cols --ppid -j,j job control s signal --group --user --sid --rows --info -O,O preloaded -o v virtual memory --cumulative --format --deselect -l,l long u user-oriented --sort --tty --forest --version -F extra full X registers --heading --no-heading --context ********* misc options ********* -V,V show version L list format codes f ASCII art forest -m,m,-L,-T,H threads S children in sum -y change -l format -M,Z security data c true command name -c scheduling class -w,w wide output n numeric WCHAN,UID -H process hierarchy mohnish@mohnish-laptop:/var/lib$ which mysql /usr/bin/mysql mohnish@mohnish-laptop:/var/lib$ mysql ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2) I even tried referring to http://forums.mysql.com/read.php?11,27769,84713#msg-84713 but couldn't find anything useful. Please let me know how I could tackle this error. Thank you very much..

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• How do I write this MySQL query?

  - by CT

  I am working on an Asset DB using a lamp stack. In this example consider the following 5 tables: asset, server, laptop, desktop, software All tables have a primary key of id, which is a unique asset id. Every object has all asset attributes and then depending on type of asset has additional attributes in the corresponding table. If the type is a server, desktop or laptop it also has items in the software table. Here are the table create statements: // connect to mysql server and database "asset_db" mysql_connect("localhost", "asset_db", "asset_db") or die(mysql_error()); mysql_select_db("asset_db") or die(mysql_error()); // create asset table mysql_query("CREATE TABLE asset( id VARCHAR(50) PRIMARY KEY, company VARCHAR(50), location VARCHAR(50), purchase_date VARCHAR(50), purchase_order VARCHAR(50), value VARCHAR(50), type VARCHAR(50), notes VARCHAR(200))") or die(mysql_error()); echo "Asset Table Created.</br />"; // create software table mysql_query("CREATE TABLE software( id VARCHAR(50) PRIMARY KEY, software VARCHAR(50), license VARCHAR(50))") or die(mysql_error()); echo "Software Table Created.</br />"; // create laptop table mysql_query("CREATE TABLE laptop( id VARCHAR(50) PRIMARY KEY, manufacturer VARCHAR(50), model VARCHAR(50), serial_number VARCHAR(50), esc VARCHAR(50), user VARCHAR(50), prev_user VARCHAR(50), warranty VARCHAR(50))") or die(mysql_error()); echo "Laptop Table Created.</br />"; // create desktop table mysql_query("CREATE TABLE desktop( id VARCHAR(50) PRIMARY KEY, manufacturer VARCHAR(50), model VARCHAR(50), serial_number VARCHAR(50), esc VARCHAR(50), user VARCHAR(50), prev_user VARCHAR(50), warranty VARCHAR(50))") or die(mysql_error()); echo "Desktop Table Created.</br />"; // create server table mysql_query("CREATE TABLE server( id VARCHAR(50) PRIMARY KEY, manufacturer VARCHAR(50), model VARCHAR(50), warranty VARCHAR(50))") or die(mysql_error()); echo "Server Table Created.</br />"; ?> How do I query the database so that if I search by id, I receive all related fields to that asset id? Thank you.

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