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• The long road to bug-free software

  - by Tony Davis

  The past decade has seen a burgeoning interest in functional programming languages such as Haskell or, in the Microsoft world, F#. Though still on the periphery of mainstream programming, functional programming concepts are gradually seeping into the imperative C# language (for example, Lambda expressions have their root in functional programming). One of the more interesting concepts from functional programming languages is the use of formal methods, the lofty ideal behind which is bug-free software. The idea is that we write a specification that describes exactly how our function (say) should behave. We then prove that our function conforms to it, and in doing so have proved beyond any doubt that it is free from bugs. All programmers already use one form of specification, specifically their programming language's type system. If a value has a specific type then, in a type-safe language, the compiler guarantees that value cannot be an instance of a different type. Many extensions to existing type systems, such as generics in Java and .NET, extend the range of programs that can be type-checked. Unfortunately, type systems can only prevent some bugs. To take a classic problem of retrieving an index value from an array, since the type system doesn't specify the length of the array, the compiler has no way of knowing that a request for the "value of index 4" from an array of only two elements is "unsafe". We restore safety via exception handling, but the ideal type system will prevent us from doing anything that is unsafe in the first place and this is where we start to borrow ideas from a language such as Haskell, with its concept of "dependent types". If the type of an array includes its length, we can ensure that any index accesses into the array are valid. The problem is that we now need to carry around the length of arrays and the values of indices throughout our code so that it can be type-checked. In general, writing the specification to prove a positive property, even for a problem very amenable to specification, such as a simple sorting algorithm, turns out to be very hard and the specification will be different for every program. Extend this to writing a specification for, say, Microsoft Word and we can see that the specification would end up being no simpler, and therefore no less buggy, than the implementation. Fortunately, it is easier to write a specification that proves that a program doesn't have certain, specific and undesirable properties, such as infinite loops or accesses to the wrong bit of memory. If we can write the specifications to prove that a program is immune to such problems, we could reuse them in many places. The problem is the lack of specification "provers" that can do this without a lot of manual intervention (i.e. hints from the programmer). All this might feel a very long way off, but computing power and our understanding of the theory of "provers" advances quickly, and Microsoft is doing some of it already. Via their Terminator research project they have started to prove that their device drivers will always terminate, and in so doing have suddenly eliminated a vast range of possible bugs. This is a huge step forward from saying, "we've tested it lots and it seems fine". What do you think? What might be good targets for specification and verification? SQL could be one: the cost of a bug in SQL Server is quite high given how many important systems rely on it, so there's a good incentive to eliminate bugs, even at high initial cost. [Many thanks to Mike Williamson for guidance and useful conversations during the writing of this piece] Cheers, Tony.

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• QR Code encoding and decoding using zxing

  - by helixed

  Okay, so I'm going to take the off chance that someone here has used zxing before. I'm developing a Java application, and one of the things it needs to do is encode a byte array of data into a QR Code and then decode it at a later time. Here's an example of what my encoder looks like: byte[] b = {0x48, 0x45, 0x4C, 0x4C, 0x4F}; //convert the byte array into a UTF-8 string String data; try { data = new String(b, "UTF8"); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { //the program shouldn't be able to get here return; } //get a byte matrix for the data ByteMatrix matrix; com.google.zxing.Writer writer = new QRCodeWriter(); try { matrix = writer.encode(data, com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, width, height); } catch (com.google.zxing.WriterException e) { //exit the method return; } //generate an image from the byte matrix int width = matrix.getWidth(); int height = matrix.getHeight(); byte[][] array = matrix.getArray(); //create buffered image to draw to BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); //iterate through the matrix and draw the pixels to the image for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) { int grayValue = array[y][x] & 0xff; image.setRGB(x, y, (grayValue == 0 ? 0 : 0xFFFFFF)); } } //write the image to the output stream ImageIO.write(image, "png", outputStream); The beginning byte array in this code is just used to test it. The actual byte data will be varied. Here's what my decoder looks like: //get the data from the input stream BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(inputStream); //convert the image to a binary bitmap source LuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image); BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source)); //decode the barcode QRCodeReader reader = new QRCodeReader(); Result result; try { result = reader.decode(bitmap, hints); } catch (ReaderException e) { //the data is improperly formatted throw new MCCDatabaseMismatchException(); } byte[] b = result.getRawBytes(); System.out.println(ByteHelper.convertUnsignedBytesToHexString(result.getText().getBytes("UTF8"))); System.out.println(ByteHelper.convertUnsignedBytesToHexString(b)); convertUnsignedBytesToHexString(byte) is a method which converts an array of bytes in a string of hexadecimal characters. When I try to run these two blocks of code together, this is the output: 48454c4c4f 202b0b78cc00ec11ec11ec11ec11ec11ec11ec Clearly the text is being encoded, but the actual bytes of data are completely off. Any help would be appreciated here. Thanks, helixed

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• Yii urlManager language in URL

  - by TaMeR

  I am trying to add a language to the url with following syntax: http://www.example.com/en/site/page/view/about What I have so far works with short urls like: http://www.example.com/en/site/contact but not with long once as in my first example Here is what I have so far: /config/main.php 'urlManager'=>array( 'class'=>'application.components.MyCUrlManager', 'urlFormat'=>'path', 'showScriptName'=>false, 'rules'=>array( '<language:\w+>/<controller:\w+>/<id:\d+>'=>'<controller>/view', '<language:\w+>/<controller:\w+>/<action:\w+>/<id:\d+>'=>'<controller>/<action>', '<language:\w+>/<controller:\w+>/<action:\w+>'=>'<controller>/<action>', ), ), <?php // components/MyCUrlManager.php class MyCUrlManager extends CUrlManager { public function createUrl($route,$params=array(),$ampersand='&') { if(isset($_POST['_lang'])){ Yii::app()->language = $_POST['_lang']; }elseif (!isset($route['language']) && $controller != 'srbac'){ $route['language']=Yii::app()->language; }else{ Yii::app()->language = $route['language']; } return parent::createUrl($route, $params, $ampersand); } } ?> class Controller extends CController: { /// ..... function init() { parent::init(); if (isset($_POST['_lang'])) { Yii::app()->setLanguage($_POST['_lang']); Yii::app()->session['_lang'] = Yii::app()->language; }elseif (isset(Yii::app()->session['_lang'])) { Yii::app()->setLanguage(Yii::app()->session['_lang']); } } } class LangBox extends CWidget { public function run() { $currentLang = Yii::app()->language; require_once 'Zend/Locale.php'; $locale = new Zend_Locale(); //$siteLanguages = $this->getLang(); $siteLanguages = array('en','de','tr'); foreach($siteLanguages as $value){ $list[$value] = $locale->getTranslation($value, 'Language', $value); } asort($list); $this->render('langBox', array('currentLang' => $currentLang, 'list'=>$list)); } }

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• python numpy roll with padding

  - by Marshall Ward

  I'd like to roll a 2D numpy in python, except that I'd like pad the ends with zeros rather than roll the data as if its periodic. Specifically, the following code import numpy as np x = np.array([[1, 2, 3],[4, 5, 6]]) np.roll(x,1,axis=1) returns array([[3, 1, 2],[6, 4, 5]]) but what I would prefer is array([[0, 1, 2], [0, 4, 5]]) I could do this with a few awkward touchups, but I'm hoping that there's a way to do it with fast built-in commands. Thanks

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• Tableview reload data problem iphone sdk

  - by neha

  Hi all, I have a class A which is a subclass of uitableviewcontroller and one more class B which actually displays my tableview with its content is a subclass of A. There's an xml parser which parses my xml and stores the content in an nsmutablearray of application delegate. Now, I fetch this delegate array into a local nsmutablearray in class B to minimise the communication between the two classes i.e. delegate and class B and display that. After certain condition is met in class A, I'm calling xml parser to refill the delegate array and I'm calling class B's tableview reload method. The problem is when I call the tableview's reload data, class B's delegate methods are called. But before that I need to grab this delegate array in local array in class B. How shall I do that? Can anybody please help? Thanx in advance.

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• cakephp routing problem, plugin routing works but not others

  - by Paul

  I'm having a strange routing problem with a site I just uploaded, and I've made a number of changes to test what's happening. It doesn't make any sense. My setup is: - I'm using one plugin, which I've included all the routing in the routes.php file. - I've also included the routes for two other controllers, 'events' and 'updates' they look like this: Router::connect('/login', array('plugin' = 'pippoacl', 'controller' = 'users', 'action' = 'login')); Router::connect('/logout', array('plugin' = 'pippoacl', 'controller' = 'users', 'action' = 'logout')); Router::connect( '/events/', array( 'controller' = 'events', 'action' = 'index')); Router::connect('/updates', array('controller' = 'updates', 'action' = 'index')); What happens when I try to get to 'events' is that I get an error message saying: "Not Found Error: The requested address '/Events' was not found on this server." I've checked the database and it's accessible, through the plugin's model/controller/view. I've also made sure the model/controllers for 'events' and 'updates' are there. Can anyone tell me how to trouble shoot this? Thanks, Paul

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• PHP SimpleXML recursive function to list children and attibutes

  - by Phill Pafford

  I need some help on the SimpleXML calls for a recursive function that lists the elements name and attributes. Making a XML config file system but each script will have it's own config file as well as a new naming convention. So what I need is an easy way to map out all the elements that have attributes, so like in example 1 I need a simple way to call all the processes but I don't know how to do this without hard coding the elements name is the function call. Is there a way to recursively call a function to match a child element name? I did see the xpath functionality but I don't see how to use this for attributes. Any ideas? Also does the XML in the examples look correct? can I structure my XML like this? Example 1: <application> <processes> <process id="123" name="run batch A" /> <process id="122" name="run batch B" /> <process id="129" name="run batch C" /> </processes> <connections> <databases> <database usr="test" pss="test" hst="test" dbn="test" /> </databases> <shells> <ssh usr="test" pss="test" hst="test-2" /> <ssh usr="test" pss="test" hst="test-1" /> </shells> </connections> </application> Example 2: <config> <queues> <queue id="1" name="test" /> <queue id="2" name="production" /> <queue id="3" name="error" /> </queues> </config> Pseudo code: // Would return matching process id getProcess($process_id) { return the process attributes as array that are in the XML } // Would return matching DBN (database name) getDatabase($database_name) { return the database attributes as array that are in the XML } // Would return matching SSH Host getSSHHost($ssh_host) { return the ssh attributes as array that are in the XML } // Would return matching SSH User getSSHUser($ssh_user) { return the ssh attributes as array that are in the XML } // Would return matching Queue getQueue($queue_id) { return the queue attributes as array that are in the XML } EDIT: Can I pass two parms? on the first method you have suggested @Gordon public function findProcessById($id, $name) { $attr = false; $el = $this->xml->xpath("//process[@id='$id']"); // How do I also filter by the name? if($el && count($el) === 1) { $attr = (array) $el[0]->attributes(); $attr = $attr['@attributes']; } return $attr; }

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• [AS3/C#] Byte encryption ( DES-CBC zero pad )

  - by mark_dj

  Hi there, Currently writing my own AMF TcpSocketServer. Everything works good so far i can send and recieve objects and i use some serialization/deserialization code. Now i started working on the encryption code and i am not so familiar with this stuff. I work with bytes , is DES-CBC a good way to encrypt this stuff? Or are there other more performant/secure ways to send my data? Note that performance is a must :). When i call: ReadAmf3Object with the decrypter specified i get an: InvalidOperationException thrown by my ReadAmf3Object function when i read out the first byte the Amf3TypeCode isn't specified ( they range from 0 to 16 i believe (Bool, String, Int, DateTime, etc) ). I got Typecodes varying from 97 to 254? Anyone knows whats going wrong? I think it has something to do with the encryption part. Since the deserializer works fine w/o the encryption. I am using the right padding/mode/key? I used: http://code.google.com/p/as3crypto/ as as3 encryption/decryption library. And i wrote an Async tcp server with some abuse of the threadpool ;) Anyway here some code: C# crypter initalization code System.Security.Cryptography.DESCryptoServiceProvider crypter = new DESCryptoServiceProvider(); crypter.Padding = PaddingMode.Zeros; crypter.Mode = CipherMode.CBC; crypter.Key = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("TESTTEST"); AS3 private static var _KEY:ByteArray = Hex.toArray(Hex.fromString("TESTTEST")); private static var _TYPE:String = "des-cbc"; public static function encrypt(array:ByteArray):ByteArray { var pad:IPad = new NullPad; var mode:ICipher = Crypto.getCipher(_TYPE, _KEY, pad); pad.setBlockSize(mode.getBlockSize()); mode.encrypt(array); return array; } public static function decrypt(array:ByteArray):ByteArray { var pad:IPad = new NullPad; var mode:ICipher = Crypto.getCipher(_TYPE, _KEY, pad); pad.setBlockSize(mode.getBlockSize()); mode.decrypt(array); return array; } C# read/unserialize/decrypt code public override object Read(int length) { object d; using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream()) { stream.Write(this._readBuffer, 0, length); stream.Position = 0; if (this.Decrypter != null) { using (CryptoStream c = new CryptoStream(stream, this.Decrypter, CryptoStreamMode.Read)) using (AmfReader reader = new AmfReader(c)) { d = reader.ReadAmf3Object(); } } else { using (AmfReader reader = new AmfReader(stream)) { d = reader.ReadAmf3Object(); } } } return d; }

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• C# Neural Networks with Encog

  - by JoshReuben

  Neural Networks ·       I recently read a book Introduction to Neural Networks for C# , by Jeff Heaton. http://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Neural-Networks-C-2nd/dp/1604390093/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1296821004&sr=8-2-spell. Not the 1st ANN book I've perused, but a nice revision.   ·       Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are a mechanism of machine learning – see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_neural_network , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Machine_learning ·       Problems Not Suited to a Neural Network Solution- Programs that are easily written out as flowcharts consisting of well-defined steps, program logic that is unlikely to change, problems in which you must know exactly how the solution was derived. ·       Problems Suited to a Neural Network – pattern recognition, classification, series prediction, and data mining. Pattern recognition - network attempts to determine if the input data matches a pattern that it has been trained to recognize. Classification - take input samples and classify them into fuzzy groups. ·       As far as machine learning approaches go, I thing SVMs are superior (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_vector_machine ) - a neural network has certain disadvantages in comparison: an ANN can be overtrained, different training sets can produce non-deterministic weights and it is not possible to discern the underlying decision function of an ANN from its weight matrix – they are black box. ·       In this post, I'm not going to go into internals (believe me I know them). An autoassociative network (e.g. a Hopfield network) will echo back a pattern if it is recognized. ·       Under the hood, there is very little maths. In a nutshell - Some simple matrix operations occur during training: the input array is processed (normalized into bipolar values of 1, -1) - transposed from input column vector into a row vector, these are subject to matrix multiplication and then subtraction of the identity matrix to get a contribution matrix. The dot product is taken against the weight matrix to yield a boolean match result. For backpropogation training, a derivative function is required. In learning, hill climbing mechanisms such as Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing are used to escape local minima. For unsupervised training, such as found in Self Organizing Maps used for OCR, Hebbs rule is applied. ·       The purpose of this post is not to mire you in technical and conceptual details, but to show you how to leverage neural networks via an abstraction API - Encog   Encog ·       Encog is a neural network API ·       Links to Encog: http://www.encog.org , http://www.heatonresearch.com/encog, http://www.heatonresearch.com/forum ·       Encog requires .Net 3.5 or higher – there is also a Silverlight version. Third-Party Libraries – log4net and nunit. ·       Encog supports feedforward, recurrent, self-organizing maps, radial basis function and Hopfield neural networks. ·       Encog neural networks, and related data, can be stored in .EG XML files. ·       Encog Workbench allows you to edit, train and visualize neural networks. The Encog Workbench can generate code. Synapses and layers ·       the primary building blocks - Almost every neural network will have, at a minimum, an input and output layer. In some cases, the same layer will function as both input and output layer. ·       To adapt a problem to a neural network, you must determine how to feed the problem into the input layer of a neural network, and receive the solution through the output layer of a neural network. ·       The Input Layer - For each input neuron, one double value is stored. An array is passed as input to a layer. Encog uses the interface INeuralData to hold these arrays. The class BasicNeuralData implements the INeuralData interface. Once the neural network processes the input, an INeuralData based class will be returned from the neural network's output layer. ·       convert a double array into an INeuralData object : INeuralData data = new BasicNeuralData(= new double[10]); ·       the Output Layer- The neural network outputs an array of doubles, wraped in a class based on the INeuralData interface. ·        The real power of a neural network comes from its pattern recognition capabilities. The neural network should be able to produce the desired output even if the input has been slightly distorted. ·       Hidden Layers– optional. between the input and output layers. very much a “black box”. If the structure of the hidden layer is too simple it may not learn the problem. If the structure is too complex, it will learn the problem but will be very slow to train and execute. Some neural networks have no hidden layers. The input layer may be directly connected to the output layer. Further, some neural networks have only a single layer. A single layer neural network has the single layer self-connected. ·       connections, called synapses, contain individual weight matrixes. These values are changed as the neural network learns. Constructing a Neural Network ·       the XOR operator is a frequent “first example” -the “Hello World” application for neural networks. ·       The XOR Operator- only returns true when both inputs differ. 0 XOR 0 = 0 1 XOR 0 = 1 0 XOR 1 = 1 1 XOR 1 = 0 ·       Structuring a Neural Network for XOR  - two inputs to the XOR operator and one output. ·       input: 0.0,0.0 1.0,0.0 0.0,1.0 1.0,1.0 ·       Expected output: 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 ·       A Perceptron - a simple feedforward neural network to learn the XOR operator. ·       Because the XOR operator has two inputs and one output, the neural network will follow suit. Additionally, the neural network will have a single hidden layer, with two neurons to help process the data. The choice for 2 neurons in the hidden layer is arbitrary, and often comes down to trial and error. ·       Neuron Diagram for the XOR Network ·       ·       The Encog workbench displays neural networks on a layer-by-layer basis. ·       Encog Layer Diagram for the XOR Network:   ·       Create a BasicNetwork - Three layers are added to this network. the FinalizeStructure method must be called to inform the network that no more layers are to be added. The call to Reset randomizes the weights in the connections between these layers. var network = new BasicNetwork(); network.AddLayer(new BasicLayer(2)); network.AddLayer(new BasicLayer(2)); network.AddLayer(new BasicLayer(1)); network.Structure.FinalizeStructure(); network.Reset(); ·       Neural networks frequently start with a random weight matrix. This provides a starting point for the training methods. These random values will be tested and refined into an acceptable solution. However, sometimes the initial random values are too far off. Sometimes it may be necessary to reset the weights again, if training is ineffective. These weights make up the long-term memory of the neural network. Additionally, some layers have threshold values that also contribute to the long-term memory of the neural network. Some neural networks also contain context layers, which give the neural network a short-term memory as well. The neural network learns by modifying these weight and threshold values. ·       Now that the neural network has been created, it must be trained. Training a Neural Network ·       construct a INeuralDataSet object - contains the input array and the expected output array (of corresponding range). Even though there is only one output value, we must still use a two-dimensional array to represent the output. public static double[][] XOR_INPUT ={ new double[2] { 0.0, 0.0 }, new double[2] { 1.0, 0.0 }, new double[2] { 0.0, 1.0 }, new double[2] { 1.0, 1.0 } };   public static double[][] XOR_IDEAL = { new double[1] { 0.0 }, new double[1] { 1.0 }, new double[1] { 1.0 }, new double[1] { 0.0 } };   INeuralDataSet trainingSet = new BasicNeuralDataSet(XOR_INPUT, XOR_IDEAL); ·       Training is the process where the neural network's weights are adjusted to better produce the expected output. Training will continue for many iterations, until the error rate of the network is below an acceptable level. Encog supports many different types of training. Resilient Propagation (RPROP) - general-purpose training algorithm. All training classes implement the ITrain interface. The RPROP algorithm is implemented by the ResilientPropagation class. Training the neural network involves calling the Iteration method on the ITrain class until the error is below a specific value. The code loops through as many iterations, or epochs, as it takes to get the error rate for the neural network to be below 1%. Once the neural network has been trained, it is ready for use. ITrain train = new ResilientPropagation(network, trainingSet);   for (int epoch=0; epoch < 10000; epoch++) { train.Iteration(); Debug.Print("Epoch #" + epoch + " Error:" + train.Error); if (train.Error > 0.01) break; } Executing a Neural Network ·       Call the Compute method on the BasicNetwork class. Console.WriteLine("Neural Network Results:"); foreach (INeuralDataPair pair in trainingSet) { INeuralData output = network.Compute(pair.Input); Console.WriteLine(pair.Input[0] + "," + pair.Input[1] + ", actual=" + output[0] + ",ideal=" + pair.Ideal[0]); } ·       The Compute method accepts an INeuralData class and also returns a INeuralData object. Neural Network Results: 0.0,0.0, actual=0.002782538818034049,ideal=0.0 1.0,0.0, actual=0.9903741937121177,ideal=1.0 0.0,1.0, actual=0.9836807956566187,ideal=1.0 1.0,1.0, actual=0.0011646072586172778,ideal=0.0 ·       the network has not been trained to give the exact results. This is normal. Because the network was trained to 1% error, each of the results will also be within generally 1% of the expected value.

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• CakePHP: 2-level JOIN with one Query

  - by Daniel Magliola

  I have the following models in CakePHP: A Deposit belongs to an Account An Account belongs to a Customer I want to have a list of Deposits, and I need to show the name of the customer (so I have to join through the Customer). I also need to paginate this list. If I set Deposit->recursive = 2, I can get the Customer, however, CakePHP runs one query joining Deposit and Account, and then runs one query per each Deposit, to get the Customer. How can I make it get both models with only one query? I tried this, but it didn't work: $this->paginate = array('joins' => array( array( 'table' => 'customers', 'alias' => 'AccountCustomer', 'type' => 'inner', 'foreignKey' => false, 'conditions' => array('Account.customer_id = AccountCustomer.id') ) )); Any ideas? Thanks! Daniel

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• how to get all group images in facebook using FACEBOOK API

  - by From.ME.to.YOU

  Hello i'm trying to get all the images from a facebook group using facebook API i have a problem i can't get all the photos using $facebook->api_client->call_method('Photos.get', array('subj_id' => $uid)); http://wiki.developers.facebook.com/index.php/Photos.get what i'm using now is the method $albums = $facebook->api_client->photos_getAlbums($uid, NULL); http://wiki.developers.facebook.com/index.php/Photos.getAlbums and then loop for ever album on $facebook->api_client->call_method('Photos.get', array('subj_id' => $uid)); then i add every new array results to my big array $big_array = array_merge($big_array,$result_array_from_that_call); 2 problems occurs here : 1- sometimes this calls fails - i think because of too many calls per second - 2- the request takes a v.long time to process is there a better way to do that? Thanks guys Cheers EDIT :: i tried to get all the images using $facebook->api_client->call_method('Photos.get', array('subj_id' => $uid)); and using $uid as the group ID but that's doesn't work " don't know why maybe because all the images is listed in groups "

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• XMLRPC Response Using ws-xmlrpc

  - by Dave

  Anyone have experience parsing complex response types using ws-xmlrpc? The service returns a HashMap with one of the values an Array, when I request the key of the array from the hashmap, java just returns "java.lang.Object". How do I access the contents of the array? Any ideas? Thanks in advance for your input.

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• How to override ATTR_DEFAULT_IDENTIFIER_OPTIONS in Models in Doctrine?

  - by user309083

  Here someone explained that setting a 'primary' attribute for any row in your Model will override Doctrine_Manager's ATTR_DEFAULT_IDENTIFIER_OPTIONS attribute: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2040675/how-do-you-override-a-constant-in-doctrines-models This works, however if you have a many to many relation whereby the intermediate table is created, even if you have set both columns in the intermediate to primary an error still results when Doctrine tries to place an index on the nonexistant 'id' column upon table creation. Here's my code: //Bootstrap // set the default primary key to be named 'id', integer, 4 bytes Doctrine_Manager::getInstance()->setAttribute( Doctrine_Core::ATTR_DEFAULT_IDENTIFIER_OPTIONS, array('name' => 'id', 'type' => 'integer', 'length' => 4)); //User Model class User extends Doctrine_Record { public function setTableDefinition() { $this->setTableName('users'); } public function setUp() { $this->hasMany('Role as roles', array( 'local' => 'id', 'foreign' => 'user_id', 'refClass' => 'UserRole', 'onDelete' => 'CASCADE' )); } } //Role Model class Role extends Doctrine_Record { public function setTableDefinition() { $this->setTableName('roles'); } public function setUp() { $this->hasMany('User as users', array( 'local' => 'id', 'foreign' => 'role_id', 'refClass' => 'UserRole' )); } } //UserRole Model class UserRole extends Doctrine_Record { public function setTableDefinition() { $this->setTableName('roles_users'); $this->hasColumn('user_id', 'integer', 4, array('primary'=>true)); $this->hasColumn('role_id', 'integer', 4, array('primary'=>true)); } } Resulting error: SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation: 1072 Key column 'id' doesn't exist in table. Failing Query: "CREATE TABLE roles_users (user_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, role_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, INDEX id_idx (id), PRIMARY KEY(user_id, role_id)) ENGINE = INNODB". Failing Query: CREATE TABLE roles_users (user_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, role_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, INDEX id_idx (id), PRIMARY KEY(user_id, role_id)) ENGINE = INNODB I'm creating my tables using Doctrine::createTablesFromModels();

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• Google Maps Polygon - Not creating independent

  - by ferronrsmith

  I am basically populating a map with polygons, I am using the flex sdk. The problem I am having is that each time it adds a parish it keep adding to the previous polygons and treating it as one. HELP!! <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <mx:Application xmlns:mx="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml" layout="absolute"> <maps:Map xmlns:maps="com.google.maps.*" id="map" mapevent_mapready="onMapReady(event)" width="100%" height="100%" key="ABQIAAAAGe0Fqwt-nY7G2oB81ZIicRT2yXp_ZAY8_ufC3CFXhHIE1NvwkxRcFmaI_t1gtsS5UN6mWQkH9kIw6Q"/> <mx:Script> <![CDATA[ import com.google.maps.Color; import com.google.maps.LatLng; import com.google.maps.Map; import com.google.maps.MapEvent; import com.google.maps.MapType; import com.google.maps.controls.ZoomControl; import com.google.maps.overlays.Polygon; import com.google.maps.overlays.PolygonOptions; import com.google.maps.styles.FillStyle; import com.google.maps.styles.StrokeStyle; import mx.controls.Alert; import mx.utils.ColorUtil; import mx.utils.object_proxy; private var polys:Array = new Array(); private var labels:Array = new Array(); // private var pts:Array = new Array(); // private var poly:Polygon; // private var map:Map; private function onMapReady(event:Event):void { map.setCenter(new LatLng(18.070146,-77.225647), 9, MapType.NORMAL_MAP_TYPE); map.addControl(new ZoomControl()); map.enableScrollWheelZoom(); map.enableContinuousZoom(); getXml(); } public function getXml():void { var xmlString:URLRequest = new URLRequest("parish.xml"); var xmlLoader:URLLoader = new URLLoader(xmlString); xmlLoader.addEventListener("complete", readXml); } private function readXml(event:Event):void { var markersXML:XML = new XML(event.target.data); var markers:XMLList = markersXML..parish; //var markersCount:int = markers.length(); var i:Number; var t:Number; for(i=0; i < markers.length(); i++) { var marker:XML = markers[i]; var name:String = marker.@name; var colour:String = marker.@colour; // Alert.show(""); var the_p:XMLList = markers..point; var pts:Array = []; for(t=0; t < the_p.length(); t++) { var theparish:XML = the_p[t]; pts[t] = new LatLng(theparish.@lat,theparish.@lng); // Alert.show("working" + theparish.@lat); // var pts.push(new LatLng(theparish.@lat,theparish.@lng)); } var poly:Polygon = new Polygon(pts, new PolygonOptions({ strokyStyle: new StrokeStyle({ color: colour, thickness: 1, alpha: 0.2}), fillStyle: new FillStyle({ color: colour, alpha: 0.2}) })); //polys.push(poly); //labels.push(name); Alert.show("this"); pts = [] map.addOverlay(poly); } } /* public function createMarker(latlng:LatLng, name:String, address:String, type:String): Marker { var marker:Marker = new Marker(latlng, new MarkerOptions({icon: new customIcons[type], iconOffset: new Point(-16, -32)})); var html:String = "<b>" + name + "</b> <br/>" + address; marker.addEventListener(MapMouseEvent.CLICK, function(e:MapMouseEvent):void { marker.openInfoWindow(new InfoWindowOptions({contentHTML:html})); }); return marker; } */ ]]> </mx:Script> </mx:Application>

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• jQuery AutoComplete Plugin not working for JSON Response (sValue.substring is not a function)

  - by Sunday Ironfoot

  I'm trying to use the autocomplete plugin for jQuery (this one http://docs.jquery.com/Plugins/Autocomplete). My server is returning JSON string, which I'm trying to process on the client via AutoComplete plugin's 'parse' and 'formatItem' parameters, like so: $(document).ready(function() { $('.searchBox input.textbox').autocomplete('/DoSearch.aspx', { mustMatch: false, autoFill: true, minChars: 1, dataType: 'json', parse: function(data) { var array = new Array(); for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) { array[array.length] = { data: data[i], value: data[i].ID, result: data[i].ID }; } return array; }, formatItem: function(row, i, n) { return row.ID + ': ' + row.Title; } }); }); When I run this I get a 'sValue.substring is not a function' error thrown in Firebug. However, if I stick breakpoints on formatItem and parse function, they are hit as expected and contain valid data it seems. Here is an exact copy 'n' paste of the JSON text that gets returned from the server: [{"ID":140177,"Title":"Food Handling","Code":"J01.576.423.200"},{"ID":140178,"Title":"Food Handling","Code":"J01.576.423.200"},{"ID":140179,"Title":"Brain Infarction","Code":"C10.228.140.300.301.200"},{"ID":140180,"Title":"Cerebral Hemorrhage","Code":"C10.228.140.300.535.200"},{"ID":140182,"Title":"Insulin","Code":"D06.472.610.575"},{"ID":140183,"Title":"Insulin","Code":"D06.472.610.575"},{"ID":140184,"Title":"Insulin","Code":"D06.472.610.575"},{"ID":140186,"Title":"Insulin","Code":"D06.472.610.575"},{"ID":140188,"Title":"Insulin","Code":"D06.472.610.575"},{"ID":140189,"Title":"Sulfonylurea Compounds","Code":"D02.886.590.795"}] Please help, I've already searched Google and StackOverflow for help, but can't find anyone having else this error, cheers!

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• display data from json file in datagrid

  - by kayn

  I want to display data from a json files in a data grid using dojo ver 1.0.0. I am able to diplay the data when i declare it on my code but when i store the same data in a json format so i can reference it in my script,i get an empty grid. This is my json file; { data: [ ['10''myfile','Css', 'CS Degree','Dr. Bottoman','This is mine'], ['10'myfile2','CS716', 'CS Degree','Prof Frank', 'This is course'], ['10'myfile3 ','CS714', 'CS Degree', 'Dr. Ree', 'Welcome'], ['14', 'myfile4','CS772', 'CS Degree', 'Mr. Boss', 'This will display content' ], ['18', 'myfile5','CS774', 'CS Degree','Ms. Kirk', 'This is networks.' ] ] } and below is my code; @import "../../../dojo/resources/dojo.css"; @import "../_grid/Grid.css"; body { font-size: 1.0em; } #grid { height: 400px; border: 1px solid silver; } .text-oneline { white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; } .text-scrolling { height: 4em; overflow: auto; } .text-scrolling { width: 21.5em; } dojo.require("dojox.grid.Grid"); dojo.require("dojox.grid._data.model"); dojo.require("dojo.parser"); <script type="text/javascript"> /*<span dojoType="dojo.data.ItemFileWriteStore" jsId="myStore" url="course.json"> </span>*/ data = [ ['10''myfile','Css', 'CS Degree','Dr. Bottoman','This is mine'], ['10'myfile2','CS716', 'CS Degree','Prof Frank', 'This is course'], ['10'myfile3 ','CS714', 'CS Degree', 'Dr. Ree', 'Welcome'], ['14', 'myfile4','CS772', 'CS Degree', 'Mr. Boss', 'This will display content' ], ['18', 'myfile5','CS774', 'CS Degree','Ms. Kirk', 'This is networks.' ] ]; getDetailData = function(inRowIndex) { var row = data[this.grid.dataRow % data.length ]; switch (this.index) { case 0: return row[5]; case 1: return row[2]; case 2: return row[0]; case 3: return row[1]; case 4: return row[3]; case 5: return row[4]; default: return row[this.index]; } } getName = function(inRowIndex) { var row = data[inRowIndex % data.length]; return row[1]; } // Main grid structure var gridCells = [ { type: 'dojox.GridRowView', width: '20px' }, { onBeforeRow: function(inDataIndex, inSubRows) { inSubRows[1].hidden = !detailRows[inDataIndex]; }, cells: [[ { name: 'Master', width: 3, get: getCheck, styles: 'text-align: center;' }, { name: 'Detail', get: getName, width: 60 }, ], [ { name: '', get: getDetail, colSpan: 2, styles: 'padding: 0; margin: 0;'} ]] } ]; // html for the +/- cell function getCheck(inRowIndex) { var image = (detailRows[inRowIndex] ? 'open.gif' : 'closed.gif'); var show = (detailRows[inRowIndex] ? 'false' : 'true') return ''; } // provide html for the Detail cell in the master grid function getDetail(inRowIndex) { var cell = this; // we can affect styles and content here, but we have to wait to access actual nodes setTimeout(function() { buildDetailgrid(inRowIndex, cell); }, 1); // look for a Detailgrid var Detailgrid = dijit.byId(makeDetailgridId(inRowIndex)); var h = (Detailgrid ? Detailgrid.cacheHeight : "120") + "px"; // insert a placeholder return ''; } // the Detail cell contains a Detailgrid which we set up below var DetailgridCells = [{ noscroll: true, cells: [ [ {name: "Brief Course Description",width: "auto"}, {name: "Course Code" }, {name: "Credits" }, {name: "Subject" }, {name: "Prerequisite" }, {name: "Lecturer"}], [] ]}]; var DetailgridProps = { structure: DetailgridCells, rowCount: 1, autoHeight: true, autoRender: false, "get": getDetailData }; // identify Detailgrids by their row indices function makeDetailgridId(inRowIndex) { return grid.widgetId + "Detailgrid"/+ inRowIndex/; } // if a Detailgrid exists at inRowIndex, detach it from the DOM function detachDetailgrid(inRowIndex) { var Detailgrid = dijit.byId(makeDetailgridId(inRowIndex)); if (Detailgrid) dojox.grid.removeNode(Detailgrid.domNode); } // render a Detailgrid into inCell at inRowIndex function buildDetailgrid(inRowIndex, inCell) { var n = inCell.getNode(inRowIndex).firstChild; var id = makeDetailgridId(inRowIndex); var Detailgrid = dijit.byId(id); if (Detailgrid) { n.appendChild(Detailgrid.domNode); } else { DetailgridProps.dataRow = inRowIndex; DetailgridProps.widgetId = id; Detailgrid = new dojox.VirtualGrid(DetailgridProps, n); } if (Detailgrid) { Detailgrid.render(); Detailgrid.cacheHeight = Detailgrid.domNode.offsetHeight; inCell.grid.rowHeightChanged(inRowIndex); } } // destroy Detailgrid at inRowIndex function destroyDetailgrid(inRowIndex) { var Detailgrid = dijit.byId(makeDetailgridId(inRowIndex)); if (Detailgrid) Detailgrid.destroy(); } // when user clicks the +/- detailRows = []; function toggleDetail(inIndex, inShow) { if (!inShow) detachDetailgrid(inIndex); detailRows[inIndex] = inShow; grid.updateRow(inIndex); } dojo.addOnLoad(function() { window["grid"] = dijit.byId("grid"); dojo.connect(grid, 'rowRemoved', destroyDetailgrid); }); Test grid

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• Observing model changes with Cocoa Bindings and NSArrayController

  - by jbrennan

  I've got an NSArrayController bound to a mutable array in my controller, which manages an array of my model objects. The array controller is bound to my UI. It works well. Now I'm trying to manually observe when a value changes in my model in my controller class (basically I'm marking the changed model as "needsToSave" for later on, but there are a few other tasks I have when it changes). I've read up on KVO but I'm not entirely sure what I need to be observing... The NSArrayController? The array of objects? each model object itself? Confusion. Any pointers would be very helpful. Thanks in advance!

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• for my project I have problem in report

  - by pink rose

  public class stack { private int Array[]; private int top = -1; public int size; public stack(int size) { this.size=size; Array = new int[size]; } public void push(int j) { if (top < size) { Array[++top] = j; } } public int pop() { return Array[top--]; } public int top() { return Array[top]; } public boolean isEmpty() { return (top == -1); } } import javax.swing.JOptionPane; public class menu { private static stack s; private static int numbers[]; public static void main(String args[]) { start(); } public static void start() { int i = Integer.parseInt(JOptionPane.showInputDialog("1. size of array\n2. data entry\n3. display content\n4. exit")); switch (i) { case 1: setSize(); break; case 2: addElement(); break; case 3: showElements(); break; case 4: exit(); } } public static void setSize() { int size = Integer.parseInt(JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please Enter The Size")); s = new stack(size); numbers = new int[10]; start(); } public static void addElement() { for(int x=0;x<s.size;x++) { int e = Integer.parseInt(JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please Enter The Element")); numbers[e]++; s.push(e); } start(); } public static void showElements() { String result = ""; int temp; while (!s.isEmpty()) { temp = s.pop(); if (numbers[temp] == 1) { result = temp+result; } } JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, result); start(); } public static void exit() { System.exit(0); } } This my project I was finished but I have problem in question in my report Conclusion. It should summarize the state of your project and indicate which part of your project is working and which part is not working or with limitations. You may also provide your suggestions and comments to this project what I can answer I didn't have any idea

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• How do I copy a JavaScript object into another object?

  - by Josh K

  Say I want to start with a blank JavaScript object: me = {}; And then I have an array: me_arr = new Array(); me_arr['name'] = "Josh K"; me_arr['firstname'] = "Josh"; Now I want to throw that array into the object so I can use me.name to return Josh K. I tried: for(var i in me_arr) { me.i = me_arr[i]; } But this didn't have the desired result. Is this possible? My main goal is to wrap this array in a JavaScript object so I can pass it to a PHP script (via AJAX or whatever) as JSON.

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• NuSOAP PHP Request From XML

  - by Tegan Snyder

  I'm trying to take the following XML request and convert it to a NuSOAP request and I'm having a bit of difficulty. Could anybody chime in? XML Request: <soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:dto="http://dto.eai.dnbi.com" xmlns:com="http://com.dnbi.eai.service.AccountSEI"> <soapenv:Header> <dto:AuthenticationDTO> <dto:LOGIN_ID>[email protected]</dto:LOGIN_ID> <dto:LOGIN_PASSWORD>mypassword</dto:LOGIN_PASSWORD> </dto:AuthenticationDTO> </soapenv:Header> <soapenv:Body> <com:matchCompany> <com:in0> <!--Optional:--> <dto:bureauName></dto:bureauName> <!--Optional:--> <dto:businessInformation> <dto:address> <!--Optional:--> <dto:city>Bloomington</dto:city> <dto:country>US</dto:country> <dto:state>MN</dto:state> <dto:street>555 Plain ST</dto:street> <!--Optional:--> <dto:zipCode></dto:zipCode> </dto:address> <!--Optional:--> <dto:businessName>Some Company</dto:businessName> </dto:businessInformation> <!--Optional:--> <dto:entityNumber></dto:entityNumber> <!--Optional:--> <dto:entityType></dto:entityType> <!--Optional:--> <dto:listOfSimilars>true</dto:listOfSimilars> </com:in0> </com:matchCompany> </soapenv:Body> </soapenv:Envelope> And my PHP code: <?php require_once('nusoap.php'); $params = array( 'LOGIN_ID' => '[email protected]', 'LOGIN_PASSWORD' => 'mypassword', 'bureauName' => '', 'businessInformation' => array('address' => array('city' => 'Some City'), array('country' => 'US'), array('state' => 'MN'), array('street' => '555 Plain St.'), array('zipCode' => '32423')), array('businessName' => 'Some Company'), 'entityType' => '', 'listOfSimilars' => 'true', ); $wsdl="http://www.domain.com/ws/AccountManagement.wsdl"; $client = new nusoap_client($wsdl, true); $err = $client->getError(); if ($err) { echo '<h2>Constructor error</h2><pre>' . $err . '</pre>'; echo '<h2>Debug</h2><pre>' . htmlspecialchars($client->getDebug(), ENT_QUOTES) . '</pre>'; exit(); } $result = $client->call('matchCompany', $params); if ($client->fault) { echo '<h2>Fault (Expect - The request contains an invalid SOAP body)</h2><pre>'; print_r($result); echo '</pre>'; } else { $err = $client->getError(); if ($err) { echo '<h2>Error</h2><pre>' . $err . '</pre>'; } else { echo '<h2>Result</h2><pre>'; print_r($result); echo '</pre>'; } } echo '<h2>Request</h2><pre>' . htmlspecialchars($client->request, ENT_QUOTES) . '</pre>'; echo '<h2>Response</h2><pre>' . htmlspecialchars($client->response, ENT_QUOTES) . '</pre>'; echo '<h2>Debug</h2><pre>' . htmlspecialchars($client->getDebug(), ENT_QUOTES) . '</pre>'; ?> Am I generating the Header information correctly? I think that may be where I'm off. Thanks,

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• Big problem with Dijkstra algorithm in a linked list graph implementation

  - by Nazgulled

  Hi, I have my graph implemented with linked lists, for both vertices and edges and that is becoming an issue for the Dijkstra algorithm. As I said on a previous question, I'm converting this code that uses an adjacency matrix to work with my graph implementation. The problem is that when I find the minimum value I get an array index. This index would have match the vertex index if the graph vertexes were stored in an array instead. And the access to the vertex would be constant. I don't have time to change my graph implementation, but I do have an hash table, indexed by a unique number (but one that does not start at 0, it's like 100090000) which is the problem I'm having. Whenever I need, I use the modulo operator to get a number between 0 and the total number of vertices. This works fine for when I need an array index from the number, but when I need the number from the array index (to access the calculated minimum distance vertex in constant time), not so much. I tried to search for how to inverse the modulo operation, like, 100090000 mod 18000 = 10000 and, 10000 invmod 18000 = 100090000 but couldn't find a way to do it. My next alternative is to build some sort of reference array where, in the example above, arr[10000] = 100090000. That would fix the problem, but would require to loop the whole graph one more time. Do I have any better/easier solution with my current graph implementation?

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• Scripting with the Sun ZFS Storage 7000 Appliance

  - by Geoff Ongley

  The Sun ZFS Storage 7000 appliance has a user friendly and easy to understand graphical web based interface we call the "BUI" or "Browser User Interface".This interface is very useful for many tasks, but in some cases a script (or workflow) may be more appropriate, such as:Repetitive tasksTasks which work on (or obtain information about) a large number of shares or usersTasks which are triggered by an alert threshold (workflows)Tasks where you want a only very basic input, but a consistent output (workflows)The appliance scripting language is based on ECMAscript 3 (close to javascript). I'm not going to cover ECMAscript 3 in great depth (I'm far from an expert here), but I would like to show you some neat things you can do with the appliance, to get you started based on what I have found from my own playing around.I'm making the assumption you have some sort of programming background, and understand variables, arrays, functions to some extent - but of course if something is not clear, please let me know so I can fix it up or clarify it.Variable Declarations and ArraysVariablesECMAScript is a dynamically and weakly typed language. If you don't know what that means, google is your friend - but at a high level it means we can just declare variables with no specific type and on the fly.For example, I can declare a variable and use it straight away in the middle of my code, for example:projects=list();Which makes projects an array of values that are returned from the list(); function (which is usable in most contexts). With this kind of variable, I can do things like:projects.length (this property on array tells you how many objects are in it, good for for loops etc). Alternatively, I could say:projects=3;and now projects is just a simple number.Should we declare variables like this so loosely? In my opinion, the answer is no - I feel it is a better practice to declare variables you are going to use, before you use them - and given them an initial value. You can do so as follows:var myVariable=0;To demonstrate the ability to just randomly assign and change the type of variables, you can create a simple script at the cli as follows (bold for input):fishy10:> script("." to run)> run("cd /");("." to run)> run ("shares");("." to run)> var projects;("." to run)> projects=list();("." to run)> printf("Number of projects is: %d\n",projects.length);("." to run)> projects=152;("." to run)> printf("Value of the projects variable as an integer is now: %d\n",projects);("." to run)> .Number of projects is: 7Value of the projects variable as an integer is now: 152You can also confirm this behaviour by checking the typeof variable we are dealing with:fishy10:> script("." to run)> run("cd /");("." to run)> run ("shares");("." to run)> var projects;("." to run)> projects=list();("." to run)> printf("var projects is of type %s\n",typeof(projects));("." to run)> projects=152;("." to run)> printf("var projects is of type %s\n",typeof(projects));("." to run)> .var projects is of type objectvar projects is of type numberArraysSo you likely noticed that we have already touched on arrays, as the list(); (in the shares context) stored an array into the 'projects' variable.But what if you want to declare your own array? Easy! This is very similar to Java and other languages, we just instantiate a brand new "Array" object using the keyword new:var myArray = new Array();will create an array called "myArray".A quick example:fishy10:> script("." to run)> testArray = new Array();("." to run)> testArray[0]="This";("." to run)> testArray[1]="is";("." to run)> testArray[2]="just";("." to run)> testArray[3]="a";("." to run)> testArray[4]="test";("." to run)> for (i=0; i < testArray.length; i++)("." to run)> {("." to run)>    printf("Array element %d is %s\n",i,testArray[i]);("." to run)> }("." to run)> .Array element 0 is ThisArray element 1 is isArray element 2 is justArray element 3 is aArray element 4 is testWorking With LoopsFor LoopFor loops are very similar to those you will see in C, java and several other languages. One of the key differences here is, as you were made aware earlier, we can be a bit more sloppy with our variable declarations.The general way you would likely use a for loop is as follows:for (variable; test-case; modifier for variable){}For example, you may wish to declare a variable i as 0; and a MAX_ITERATIONS variable to determine how many times this loop should repeat:var i=0;var MAX_ITERATIONS=10;And then, use this variable to be tested against some case existing (has i reached MAX_ITERATIONS? - if not, increment i using i++);for (i=0; i < MAX_ITERATIONS; i++){ // some work to do}So lets run something like this on the appliance:fishy10:> script("." to run)> var i=0;("." to run)> var MAX_ITERATIONS=10;("." to run)> for (i=0; i < MAX_ITERATIONS; i++)("." to run)> {("." to run)>    printf("The number is %d\n",i);("." to run)> }("." to run)> .The number is 0The number is 1The number is 2The number is 3The number is 4The number is 5The number is 6The number is 7The number is 8The number is 9While LoopWhile loops again are very similar to other languages, we loop "while" a condition is met. For example:fishy10:> script("." to run)> var isTen=false;("." to run)> var counter=0;("." to run)> while(isTen==false)("." to run)> {("." to run)>    if (counter==10) ("." to run)>    { ("." to run)>            isTen=true;   ("." to run)>    } ("." to run)>    printf("Counter is %d\n",counter);("." to run)>    counter++;    ("." to run)> }("." to run)> printf("Loop has ended and Counter is %d\n",counter);("." to run)> .Counter is 0Counter is 1Counter is 2Counter is 3Counter is 4Counter is 5Counter is 6Counter is 7Counter is 8Counter is 9Counter is 10Loop has ended and Counter is 11So what do we notice here? Something has actually gone wrong - counter will technically be 11 once the loop completes... Why is this?Well, if we have a loop like this, where the 'while' condition that will end the loop may be set based on some other condition(s) existing (such as the counter has reached 10) - we must ensure that we  terminate this iteration of the loop when the condition is met - otherwise the rest of the code will be followed which may not be desirable. In other words, like in other languages, we will only ever check the loop condition once we are ready to perform the next iteration, so any other code after we set "isTen" to be true, will still be executed as we can see it was above.We can avoid this by adding a break into our loop once we know we have set the condition - this will stop the rest of the logic being processed in this iteration (and as such, counter will not be incremented). So lets try that again:fishy10:> script("." to run)> var isTen=false;("." to run)> var counter=0;("." to run)> while(isTen==false)("." to run)> {("." to run)>    if (counter==10) ("." to run)>    { ("." to run)>            isTen=true;   ("." to run)>            break;("." to run)>    } ("." to run)>    printf("Counter is %d\n",counter);("." to run)>    counter++;    ("." to run)> }("." to run)> printf("Loop has ended and Counter is %d\n", counter);("." to run)> .Counter is 0Counter is 1Counter is 2Counter is 3Counter is 4Counter is 5Counter is 6Counter is 7Counter is 8Counter is 9Loop has ended and Counter is 10Much better!Methods to Obtain and Manipulate DataGet MethodThe get method allows you to get simple properties from an object, for example a quota from a user. The syntax is fairly simple:var myVariable=get('property');An example of where you may wish to use this, is when you are getting a bunch of information about a user (such as quota information when in a shares context):var users=list();for(k=0; k < users.length; k++){     user=users[k];     run('select ' + user);     var username=get('name');     var usage=get('usage');     var quota=get('quota');...Which you can then use to your advantage - to print or manipulate infomation (you could change a user's information with a set method, based on the information returned from the get method). The set method is explained next.Set MethodThe set method can be used in a simple manner, similar to get. The syntax for set is:set('property','value'); // where value is a string, if it was a number, you don't need quotesFor example, we could set the quota on a share as follows (first observing the initial value):fishy10:shares default/test-geoff> script("." to run)> var currentQuota=get('quota');("." to run)> printf("Current Quota is: %s\n",currentQuota);("." to run)> set('quota','30G');("." to run)> run('commit');("." to run)> currentQuota=get('quota');("." to run)> printf("Current Quota is: %s\n",currentQuota);("." to run)> .Current Quota is: 0Current Quota is: 32212254720This shows us using both the get and set methods as can be used in scripts, of course when only setting an individual share, the above is overkill - it would be much easier to set it manually at the cli using 'set quota=3G' and then 'commit'.List MethodThe list method can be very powerful, especially in more complex scripts which iterate over large amounts of data and manipulate it if so desired. The general way you will use list is as follows:var myVar=list();Which will make "myVar" an array, containing all the objects in the relevant context (this could be a list of users, shares, projects, etc). You can then gather or manipulate data very easily.We could list all the shares and mountpoints in a given project for example:fishy10:shares another-project> script("." to run)> var shares=list();("." to run)> for (i=0; i < shares.length; i++)("." to run)> {("." to run)>    run('select ' + shares[i]);("." to run)>    var mountpoint=get('mountpoint');("." to run)>    printf("Share %s discovered, has mountpoint %s\n",shares[i],mountpoint);("." to run)>    run('done');("." to run)> }("." to run)> .Share and-another discovered, has mountpoint /export/another-project/and-anotherShare another-share discovered, has mountpoint /export/another-project/another-shareShare bob discovered, has mountpoint /export/another-projectShare more-shares-for-all discovered, has mountpoint /export/another-project/more-shares-for-allShare yep discovered, has mountpoint /export/another-project/yepWriting More Complex and Re-Usable CodeFunctionsThe best way to be able to write more complex code is to use functions to split up repeatable or reusable sections of your code. This also makes your more complex code easier to read and understand for other programmers.We write functions as follows:function functionName(variable1,variable2,...,variableN){}For example, we could have a function that takes a project name as input, and lists shares for that project (assuming we're already in the 'project' context - context is important!):function getShares(proj){        run('select ' + proj);        shares=list();        printf("Project: %s\n", proj);        for(j=0; j < shares.length; j++)        {                printf("Discovered share: %s\n",shares[i]);        }        run('done'); // exit selected project}Commenting your CodeLike any other language, a large part of making it readable and understandable is to comment it. You can use the same comment style as in C and Java amongst other languages.In other words, sngle line comments use://at the beginning of the comment.Multi line comments use:/*at the beginning, and:*/ at the end.For example, here we will use both:fishy10:> script("." to run)> // This is a test comment("." to run)> printf("doing some work...\n");("." to run)> /* This is a multi-line("." to run)> comment which I will span across("." to run)> three lines in total */("." to run)> printf("doing some more work...\n");("." to run)> .doing some work...doing some more work...Your comments do not have to be on their own, they can begin (particularly with single line comments this is handy) at the end of a statement, for examplevar projects=list(); // The variable projects is an array containing all projects on the system.Try and Catch StatementsYou may be used to using try and catch statements in other languages, and they can (and should) be utilised in your code to catch expected or unexpected error conditions, that you do NOT wish to stop your code from executing (if you do not catch these errors, your script will exit!):try{  // do some work}catch(err) // Catch any error that could occur{ // do something here under the error condition}For example, you may wish to only execute some code if a context can be reached. If you can't perform certain actions under certain circumstances, that may be perfectly acceptable.For example if you want to test a condition that only makes sense when looking at a SMB/NFS share, but does not make sense when you hit an iscsi or FC LUN, you don't want to stop all processing of other shares you may not have covered yet.For example we may wish to obtain quota information on all shares for all users on a share (but this makes no sense for a LUN):function getShareQuota(shar) // Get quota for each user of this share{        run('select ' + shar);        printf("  SHARE: %s\n", shar);        try        {                run('users');                printf("    %20s        %11s    %11s    %3s\n","Username","Usage(G)","Quota(G)","Quota(%)");                printf("    %20s        %11s    %11s    %4s\n","--------","--------","--------","----");                                users=list();                for(k=0; k < users.length; k++)                {                        user=users[k];                        getUserQuota(user);                }                run('done'); // exit user context        }        catch(err)        {                printf("    SKIPPING %s - This is NOT a NFS or CIFs share, not looking for users\n", shar);        }        run('done'); // done with this share}Running Scripts Remotely over SSHAs you have likely noticed, writing and running scripts for all but the simplest jobs directly on the appliance is not going to be a lot of fun.There's a couple of choices on what you can do here:Create scripts on a remote system and run them over sshCreate scripts, wrapping them in workflow code, so they are stored on the appliance and can be triggered under certain circumstances (like a threshold being reached)We'll cover the first one here, and then cover workflows later on (as these are for the most part just scripts with some wrapper information around them).Creating a SSH Public/Private SSH Key PairLog on to your handy Solaris box (You wouldn't be using any other OS, right? :P) and use ssh-keygen to create a pair of ssh keys. I'm storing this separate to my normal key:[geoff@lightning ~] ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 1024Generating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/export/home/geoff/.ssh/id_rsa): /export/home/geoff/.ssh/nas_key_rsaEnter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /export/home/geoff/.ssh/nas_key_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /export/home/geoff/.ssh/nas_key_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:7f:3d:53:f0:2a:5e:8b:2d:94:2a:55:77:66:5c:9b:14 geoff@lightningInstalling the Public Key on the ApplianceOn your Solaris host, observe the public key:[geoff@lightning ~] cat .ssh/nas_key_rsa.pub ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAIEAvYfK3RIaAYmMHBOvyhKM41NaSmcgUMC3igPN5gUKJQvSnYmjuWG6CBr1CkF5UcDji7v19jG3qAD5lAMFn+L0CxgRr8TNaAU+hA4/tpAGkjm+dKYSyJgEdMIURweyyfUFXoerweR8AWW5xlovGKEWZTAfvJX9Zqvh8oMQ5UJLUUc= geoff@lightningNow, copy and paste everything after "ssh-rsa" and before "user@hostname" - in this case, geoff@lightning. That is, this bit:AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAIEAvYfK3RIaAYmMHBOvyhKM41NaSmcgUMC3igPN5gUKJQvSnYmjuWG6CBr1CkF5UcDji7v19jG3qAD5lAMFn+L0CxgRr8TNaAU+hA4/tpAGkjm+dKYSyJgEdMIURweyyfUFXoerweR8AWW5xlovGKEWZTAfvJX9Zqvh8oMQ5UJLUUc=Logon to your appliance and get into the preferences -> keys area for this user (root):[geoff@lightning ~] ssh [email protected]: Last login: Mon Dec  6 17:13:28 2010 from 192.168.0.2fishy10:> configuration usersfishy10:configuration users> select rootfishy10:configuration users root> preferences fishy10:configuration users root preferences> keysOR do it all in one hit:fishy10:> configuration users select root preferences keysNow, we create a new public key that will be accepted for this user and set the type to RSA:fishy10:configuration users root preferences keys> createfishy10:configuration users root preferences key (uncommitted)> set type=RSASet the key itself using the string copied previously (between ssh-rsa and user@host), and set the key ensuring you put double quotes around it (eg. set key="<key>"):fishy10:configuration users root preferences key (uncommitted)> set key="AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAIEAvYfK3RIaAYmMHBOvyhKM41NaSmcgUMC3igPN5gUKJQvSnYmjuWG6CBr1CkF5UcDji7v19jG3qAD5lAMFn+L0CxgRr8TNaAU+hA4/tpAGkjm+dKYSyJgEdMIURweyyfUFXoerweR8AWW5xlovGKEWZTAfvJX9Zqvh8oMQ5UJLUUc="Now set the comment for this key (do not use spaces):fishy10:configuration users root preferences key (uncommitted)> set comment="LightningRSAKey" Commit the new key:fishy10:configuration users root preferences key (uncommitted)> commitVerify the key is there:fishy10:configuration users root preferences keys> lsKeys:NAME     MODIFIED              TYPE   COMMENT                                  key-000  2010-10-25 20:56:42   RSA    cycloneRSAKey                           key-001  2010-12-6 17:44:53    RSA    LightningRSAKey                         As you can see, we now have my new key, and a previous key I have created on this appliance.Running your Script over SSH from a Remote SystemHere I have created a basic test script, and saved it as test.ecma3:[geoff@lightning ~] cat test.ecma3 script// This is a test script, By Geoff Ongley 2010.printf("Testing script remotely over ssh\n");.Now, we can run this script remotely with our keyless login:[geoff@lightning ~] ssh -i .ssh/nas_key_rsa root@fishy10 < test.ecma3Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal.Testing script remotely over sshPutting it Together - An Example Completed Quota Gathering ScriptSo now we have a lot of the basics to creating a script, let us do something useful, like, find out how much every user is using, on every share on the system (you will recognise some of the code from my previous examples): script/************************************** Quick and Dirty Quota Check script ** Written By Geoff Ongley            ** 25 October 2010                    **************************************/function getUserQuota(usr){        run('select ' + usr);        var username=get('name');        var usage=get('usage');        var quota=get('quota');        var usage_g=usage / 1073741824; // convert bytes to gigabytes        var quota_g=quota / 1073741824; // as above        var quota_percent=0        if (quota > 0)        {                quota_percent=(usage / quota)*(100/1);        }        printf("    %20s        %8.2f           %8.2f           %d%%\n",username,usage_g,quota_g,quota_percent);        run('done'); // done with this selected user}function getShareQuota(shar){        //printf("DEBUG: selecting share %s\n", shar);        run('select ' + shar);        printf("  SHARE: %s\n", shar);        try        {                run('users');                printf("    %20s        %11s    %11s    %3s\n","Username","Usage(G)","Quota(G)","Quota(%)");                printf("    %20s        %11s    %11s    %4s\n","--------","--------","--------","--------");                                users=list();                for(k=0; k < users.length; k++)                {                        user=users[k];                        getUserQuota(user);                }                run('done'); // exit user context        }        catch(err)        {                printf("    SKIPPING %s - This is NOT a NFS or CIFs share, not looking for users\n", shar);        }        run('done'); // done with this share}function getShares(proj){        //printf("DEBUG: selecting project %s\n",proj);        run('select ' + proj);        shares=list();        printf("Project: %s\n", proj);        for(j=0; j < shares.length; j++)        {                share=shares[j];                getShareQuota(share);        }        run('done'); // exit selected project}function getProjects(){        run('cd /');        run('shares');        projects=list();                for (i=0; i < projects.length; i++)        {                var project=projects[i];                getShares(project);        }        run('done'); // exit context for all projects}getProjects();.Which can be run as follows, and will print information like this:[geoff@lightning ~/FISHWORKS_SCRIPTS] ssh -i ~/.ssh/nas_key_rsa root@fishy10 < get_quota_utilisation.ecma3Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal.Project: another-project  SHARE: and-another                Username           Usage(G)       Quota(G)    Quota(%)                --------           --------       --------    --------                  nobody            0.00            0.00        0%                 geoffro            0.05            0.00        0%                   Billy            0.10            0.00        0%                    root            0.00            0.00        0%            testing-user            0.05            0.00        0%  SHARE: another-share                Username           Usage(G)       Quota(G)    Quota(%)                --------           --------       --------    --------                    root            0.00            0.00        0%                  nobody            0.00            0.00        0%                 geoffro            0.05            0.49        9%            testing-user            0.05            0.02        249%                   Billy            0.10            0.29        33%  SHARE: bob                Username           Usage(G)       Quota(G)    Quota(%)                --------           --------       --------    --------                  nobody            0.00            0.00        0%                    root            0.00            0.00        0%  SHARE: more-shares-for-all                Username           Usage(G)       Quota(G)    Quota(%)                --------           --------       --------    --------                   Billy            0.10            0.00        0%            testing-user            0.05            0.00        0%                  nobody            0.00            0.00        0%                    root            0.00            0.00        0%                 geoffro            0.05            0.00        0%  SHARE: yep                Username           Usage(G)       Quota(G)    Quota(%)                --------           --------       --------    --------                    root            0.00            0.00        0%                  nobody            0.00            0.00        0%                   Billy            0.10            0.01        999%            testing-user            0.05            0.49        9%                 geoffro            0.05            0.00        0%Project: default  SHARE: Test-LUN    SKIPPING Test-LUN - This is NOT a NFS or CIFs share, not looking for users  SHARE: test-geoff                Username           Usage(G)       Quota(G)    Quota(%)                --------           --------       --------    --------                 geoffro            0.05            0.00        0%                    root            3.18           10.00        31%                    uucp            0.00            0.00        0%                  nobody            0.59            0.49        119%^CKilled by signal 2.Creating a WorkflowWorkflows are scripts that we store on the appliance, and can have the script execute either on request (even from the BUI), or on an event such as a threshold being met.Workflow BasicsA workflow allows you to create a simple process that can be executed either via the BUI interface interactively, or by an alert being raised (for some threshold being reached, for example).The basics parameters you will have to set for your "workflow object" (notice you're creating a variable, that embodies ECMAScript) are as follows (parameters is optional):name: A name for this workflowdescription: A Description for the workflowparameters: A set of input parameters (useful when you need user input to execute the workflow)execute: The code, the script itself to execute, which will be function (parameters)With parameters, you can specify things like this (slightly modified sample taken from the System Administration Guide):          ...parameters:        variableParam1:         {                             label: 'Name of Share',                             type: 'String'                  },                  variableParam2                  {                             label: 'Share Size',                             type: 'size'                  },execute: ....};  Note the commas separating the sections of name, parameters, execute, and so on. This is important!Also - there is plenty of properties you can set on the parameters for your workflow, these are described in the Sun ZFS Storage System Administration Guide.Creating a Basic Workflow from a Basic ScriptTo make a basic script into a basic workflow, you need to wrap the following around your script to create a 'workflow' object:var workflow = {name: 'Get User Quotas',description: 'Displays Quota Utilisation for each user on each share',execute: function() {// (basic script goes here, minus the "script" at the beginning, and "." at the end)}};However, it appears (at least in my experience to date) that the workflow object may only be happy with one function in the execute parameter - either that or I'm doing something wrong. As far as I can tell, after execute: you should only have a basic one function context like so:execute: function(){}To deal with this, and to give an example similar to our script earlier, I have created another simple quota check, to show the same basic functionality, but in a workflow format:var workflow = {name: 'Get User Quotas',description: 'Displays Quota Utilisation for each user on each share',execute: function () {        run('cd /');        run('shares');        projects=list();                for (i=0; i < projects.length; i++)        {                run('select ' + projects[i]);                shares=list('filesystem');                printf("Project: %s\n", projects[i]);                for(j=0; j < shares.length; j++)                {                        run('select ' +shares[j]);                        try                        {                                run('users');                                printf("  SHARE: %s\n", shares[j]);                                printf("    %20s        %11s    %11s    %3s\n","Username","Usage(G)","Quota(G)","Quota(%)");                                printf("    %20s        %11s    %11s    %4s\n","--------","--------","--------","-------");                                users=list();                                for(k=0; k < users.length; k++)                                {                                        run('select ' + users[k]);                                        username=get('name');                                        usage=get('usage');                                        quota=get('quota');                                        usage_g=usage / 1073741824; // convert bytes to gigabytes                                        quota_g=quota / 1073741824; // as above                                        quota_percent=0                                        if (quota > 0)                                        {                                                quota_percent=(usage / quota)*(100/1);                                        }                                        printf("    %20s        %8.2f   %8.2f   %d%%\n",username,usage_g,quota_g,quota_percent);                                        run('done');                                }                                run('done'); // exit user context                        }                        catch(err)                        {                        //      printf("    %s is a LUN, Not looking for users\n", shares[j]);                        }                        run('done'); // exit selected share context                }                run('done'); // exit project context        }        }};SummaryThe Sun ZFS Storage 7000 Appliance offers lots of different and interesting features to Sun/Oracle customers, including the world renowned Analytics. Hopefully the above will help you to think of new creative things you could be doing by taking advantage of one of the other neat features, the internal scripting engine!Some references are below to help you continue learning more, I'll update this post as I do the same! Enjoy...More information on ECMAScript 3A complete reference to ECMAScript 3 which will help you learn more of the details you may be interested in, can be found here:http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST-ARCH/ECMA-262,%203rd%20edition,%20December%201999.pdfMore Information on Administering the Sun ZFS Storage 7000The Sun ZFS Storage 7000 System Administration guide can be a useful reference point, and can be found here:http://wikis.sun.com/download/attachments/186238602/2010_Q3_2_ADMIN.pdf

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• Java random values and duplicates

  - by f-Prime

  I have an array (cards) of 52 cards (13x4), and another array (cardsOut) of 25 cards (5x5). I want to copy elements from the 52 cards into the 25 card array by random. Also, I dont want any duplicates in the 5x5 array. So here's what I have: double row=Math.random() *13; double column=Math.random() *4; boolean[][] duplicates=new boolean[13][4]; pokerGame[][] cardsOut = new pokerGame[5][5]; for (int i=0;i<5;i++) for (int j=0;j<5;j++){ if(duplicates[(int)row][(int)column]==false){ cardsOut[i][j]=cards[(int)row][(int)column]; duplicates[(int)row][(int)column]=true; } } 2 problems in this code. First, the random values for row and column are only generated once, so the same value is copied into the 5x5 array every time. Since the same values are being copied every time, I'm not sure if my duplicate checker is very effective, or if it works at all. How do I fix this?

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• Defining byte arrray in javascript.

  - by kumar

  Hi How do i pass a byte array from javascript to ActiveX control. My javascritp will call WCF servie ( mehtod) and that method will return a byte array. after that i need to passs this byte array to the active x control. could any body provide me a solution for this.

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• nested for loop

  - by Gary

  Hello, Just learning Python and trying to do a nested for loop. What I'd like to do in the end is place a bunch of email addresses in a file and have this script find the info, like the sending IP of mail ID. For now i'm testing it on my /var/log/auth.log file Here is my code so far: #!/usr/bin/python # this section puts emails from file(SpamEmail) in to a array(array) in_file = open("testFile", "r") array = in_file.readlines() in_file.close() # this section opens and reads the target file, in this case 'auth.log' log = open("/var/log/auth.log", "r") auth = log.readlines() for email in array: print "Searching for " +email, for line in auth: if line.find(email) > -1: about = line.split() print about[0], print Inside 'testfile' I have the word 'disconnect' cause I know it's in the auth.log file. It just doesn't find the word 'disconnect'. In the line of "if line.find(email) -1:" i can replace email and put "disconnect" the scripts finds it fine. Any idea? Thanks in advance. Gary

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