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• String Manipulation in Bash

  - by user348000

  Hello- I am a newbie in Bash and I am doing some string manipulation. I have the following file among other files in my directory: jdk-6u20-solaris-i586.sh I am doing the following to get jdk-6u20 in my script: myvar=`ls -la | awk '{print $9}' | egrep "i586" | cut -c1-8` echo $myvar but now I want to convert jdk-6u20 to jdk1.6.0_20. I can't seem to figure out how to do it. It must be as generic as possible. For example if I had jdk-6u25, I should be able to convert it at the same way to jdk1.6.0_25 so on and so forth Any suggestions?

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• Bash, Concatenating 2 strings to reference a 3rd variable

  - by Im Fine

  I have a bash script I am having some issues with concatenating 2 variables to call a 3rd. Here is a simplification of the script, but the syntax is eluding me after reading the docs. server_list_all="server1 server2 server3"; var1 = "server"; var2 = "all"; echo $(($var1_list_$var2)); This is about as close as I get to the right answer, it acknowledges the string and tosses an error on tokenization. syntax error in expression (error token is "server1 server2 server3.... Not really seeing anything in the docs for this, but it should be doable. EDIT: Cleaned up a bit

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• bash—Better way to store variable between runs?

  - by shardbearer

  I've made a bash script which I run every hour with crontab, and I need to store one variable so that I can access it the next time I run it. The script changes the variable every time it runs, so I can't hardcode it in. Right now I am writing it to a txt file and then reading it back. Is there a better way to do it than this? And the way I am reading the txt file is something I found on here, I don't understand it, and it's kinda clunky. Is there not a built in command for this? Anyway, here's the applicable code, with some of the variables changed to make it easier to read. while read x; do var=$x done < var.txt # Do some stuff, change var to a new value echo $var > var.txt The variable is only a single integer, so the text file feels overkill.

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• A function that can make caller return

  - by icando

  I am writing some BASH script and I want it have some error handling mechanism: function f() { command1 || { echo "command1 failed"; return 1; } command2 || { echo "command2 failed"; return 1; } command3 || { echo "command3 failed"; return 1; } command4 || { echo "command4 failed"; return 1; } } I want to make this repetitive structure more readable by defining some function: function print_and_return() { echo "$@" # some way to exit the caller function } so that I can write function f as function f() { command1 || print_and_return "command1 failed" command2 || print_and_return "command2 failed" command3 || print_and_return "command3 failed" command4 || print_and_return "command4 failed" } What's the best way to achieve this? Thanks.

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• How do I make zsh completion act more like bash completion?

  - by Tordek

  I'm a recent convert from bash to zsh (which I'm using "oh my zsh" with), but one thing annoys me: When I hit the tab key, the first autocompletion is filled out automatically, and you need to cycle through the completions by hitting tab repeatedly. This differs from bash, where you are just shown a list of the completions. If all completions have the same prefix, then this prefix is filled out. You can select the one you want by continuing to type. I find the latter preferable since it is faster to type, than to select a completion by hitting tab repeatedly. Is there any way to make zsh completion act more like bash in this regard?

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• Bash script to open, read, and write then save....

  - by Alex Vo

  I'm new on this bash script thing. Can you show me some example on writing Bash script. I want to write a script that can read from a filename and save it to a variable; increment the value of the variable and write that variable back to the file and save it. This is what I have started and stuck on it so far. #!/bin/bash # if file exist #echo "Testing \ "$1"" if [ -f "$1" ]; then echo "$1 does exist" else echo "$1 does not exist!" echo "Creating $1" touch $1 echo "This is test" > $1 exit 1 fi #echo "Testing \ "$2"" if [ "$2" == "" ]; then echo "Enter the filename" elif [ -f "$2" ]; then echo "$2 Fille does exist" else echo "$2 File doesn't exist" echo "Creating $2" touch $2 exit 1 fi counter=1 echo -n "Enter a file name : " read file if [ ! -f $file ] then echo "$file not a file!" exit 1 fi

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• Has anyone found a (eg bash) shell terminal for Windows as good as the OS X one?

  - by Anentropic

  I am mostly using 'git-bash' which came with the Windows install of Git vcs. I think it is the same one that comes with Cygwin. It works fine technically but the UI sucks: have to right-click the title bar and go to Properties to change the window width most annoyingly... copy and paste and highlight with the mouse are equally cumbersome In contrast, the Terminal app that comes with OS X manages these with aplomb and makes it so much more comfortable to work with. You can even drag and drop a file on it and it will paste the file path in at your cursor! I have also tried: http://sourceforge.net/projects/win-bash http://www.steve.org.uk/Software/bash/ http://www.hamiltonlabs.com/cshell.htm None of these do copy and paste of text without cumbersome right-clicking. I am specifically looking for a Unix-flavoured shell in Windows so I don't have to use different shells between my home dev (Windows), the live server (Linux) or dev at the office (Mac). Yes I have Googled and haven't found one yet...

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• nvcc not found, but only when using sudo

  - by dsp_099

  I can't get ANYTHING working on linux. I'm trying to compile CudaMiner. sudo make: ypt-jane.o `test -f 'scrypt-jane.cpp' || echo './'`scrypt-jane.cpp mv -f .deps/cudaminer-scrypt-jane.Tpo .deps/cudaminer-scrypt-jane.Po nvcc -g -O2 -Xptxas "-abi=no -v" -arch=compute_10 --maxrregcount=64 --ptxas-options=-v -I./compat/jansson -o salsa_kernel.o -c salsa_kernel.cu /bin/bash: nvcc: command not found make[2]: *** [salsa_kernel.o] Error 127 make[2]: Leaving directory `/var/progs/CudaMiner' make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory `/var/progs/CudaMiner' make: *** [all] Error 2 So, kind of interesting: nvcc: nvcc fatal : No input files specified; use option --help for more information Whereas sudo nvcc: sudo: nvcc: command not found Huh?? I have identical exports listed in ~/.bashrc AND /etc/bash.bashrc. (Nvcc is located in: /usr/local/cuda-5.0/bin/nvcc) I also tried changing the current path, to no avail: $ sudo bash -c 'echo $PATH' /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin $ PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cuda-5.0/bin/nvcc $ sudo bash -c 'echo $PATH' /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin Thanks in advance!

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• How to get shared bashed history among different tabs

  - by Luca Cerone

  I used the answer in http://unix.stackexchange.com/a/1292/41729 to enable real-time shared history among separate bash terminals. As explained in the answer above, this is achieved by adding: # avoid duplicates.. export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups:erasedups # append history entries.. shopt -s histappend # After each command, save and reload history export PROMPT_COMMAND="history -a; history -c; history -r; $PROMPT_COMMAND" This works fine if the bash shells are separate (e.g. opening different bash terminals using CTRL+ALT+T. However it doesn't work if I use tabs (from an open terminal `CTRL+SHIFT+T) rather than new windows. Why this difference in behaviour? How can I share the bash history also among various tabs?

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• sudo: source: command not found

  - by HorusKol

  I've been updating some of the default profile for bash, and saw from the tutorials I was following that I could reload the new profile with the new environment settings by using: source /etc/bash.bashrc The only thing is - the new environment variables were only available to my current user - and were ignored when I used sudo. They only became available to sudo when I closed my terminal session and rejoined. When I try to use: sudo source /etc/bash.bashrc I get the error: sudo: source: command not found Is there a simple way to load in the new bash profile settings for sudo without having to close the terminal and restart?

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• Tab completion COMP_WORDS bad array subscript

  - by Senthil Kumaran

  I have upgraded my Ubuntu to 10.04 and I am facing this problem of COMP_WORDS bad array subscript when I press TAB for certain completion. I thought, it is a bug with bash-completion package and I purged it. But even after that, I still face this. If it is a bug with bash package, how I can resolve it? https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/bash-completion/+bug/366446 It is difficult for a developer to live with this bug in the system.

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• how to escape white space in bash loop list

  - by MCS

  I have a bash shell script that loops through all child directories (but not files) of a certain directory. The problem is that some of the directory names contain spaces. Here are the contents of my test directory: $ls -F test Baltimore/ Cherry Hill/ Edison/ New York City/ Philadelphia/ cities.txt And the code that loops through the directories: for f in `find test/* -type d`; do echo $f done Here's the output: test/Baltimore test/Cherry Hill test/Edison test/New York City test/Philadelphia Cherry Hill and New York City are treated as 2 or 3 separate entries. I tried quoting the filenames, like so: for f in `find test/* -type d | sed -e 's/^/\"/' | sed -e 's/$/\"/'`; do echo $f done but to no avail. There's got to be a simple way to do this. Any ideas? The answers below are great. But to make this more complicated - I don't always want to use the directories listed in my test directory. Sometimes I want to pass in the directory names as command-line parameters instead. I took Charles' suggestion of setting the IFS and came up with the following: dirlist="${@}" ( [[ -z "$dirlist" ]] && dirlist=`find test -mindepth 1 -type d` && IFS=$'\n' for d in $dirlist; do echo $d done ) and this works just fine unless there are spaces in the command line arguments (even if those arguments are quoted). For example, calling the script like this: test.sh "Cherry Hill" "New York City" produces the following output: Cherry Hill New York City Again, I know there must be a way to do this - I just don't know what it is...

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• Bash Shell Script: Nested Select Statements

  - by CCG121

  I have A Script that has a Select statement to go to multiple sub select statements however once there I can not seem to figure out how to get it to go back to the main script. also if possible i would like it to re-list the options #!/bin/bash PS3='Option = ' MAINOPTIONS="Apache Postfix Dovecot All Quit" APACHEOPTIONS="Restart Start Stop Status" POSTFIXOPTIONS="Restart Start Stop Status" DOVECOTOPTIONS="Restart Start Stop Status" select opt in $MAINOPTIONS; do if [ "$opt" = "Quit" ]; then echo Now Exiting exit elif [ "$opt" = "Apache" ]; then select opt in $APACHEOPTIONS; do if [ "$opt" = "Restart" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart elif [ "$opt" = "Start" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 start elif [ "$opt" = "Stop" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop elif [ "$opt" = "Status" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 status fi done elif [ "$opt" = "Postfix" ]; then select opt in $POSTFIXOPTIONS; do if [ "$opt" = "Restart" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/postfix restart elif [ "$opt" = "Start" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/postfix start elif [ "$opt" = "Stop" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/postfix stop elif [ "$opt" = "Status" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/postfix status fi done elif [ "$opt" = "Dovecot" ]; then select opt in $DOVECOTOPTIONS; do if [ "$opt" = "Restart" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/dovecot restart elif [ "$opt" = "Start" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/dovecot start elif [ "$opt" = "Stop" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/dovecot stop elif [ "$opt" = "Status" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/dovecot status fi done elif [ "$opt" = "All" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart sudo /etc/init.d/postfix restart sudo /etc/init.d/dovecot restart fi done

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• BASH if conditions

  - by Daniil

  Hi, I did ask a question before. The answer made sense, but I could never get it to work. And now I gotta get it working. But I cannot figure out BASH's if statements. What am I doing wrong below: START_TIME=9 STOP_TIME=17 HOUR=$((`date +"%k"`)) if [[ "$HOUR" -ge "9" ]] && [[ "$HOUR" -le "17" ]] && [[ "$2" != "-force" ]] ; then echo "Cannot run this script without -force at this time" exit 1 fi The idea is that I don't want this script to continue executing, unless forced to, during hours of 9am to 5pm. But it will always evaluate the condition to true and thus won't allow me to run the script. ./script.sh [action] (-force) Thx Edit: The output of set -x: $ ./test2.sh restart + START_TIME=9 + STOP_TIME=17 ++ date +%k + HOUR=11 + [[ 11 -ge 9 ]] + [[ 11 -le 17 ]] + [[ '' != \-\f\o\r\c\e ]] + echo 'Cannot run this script without -force at this time' Cannot run this script without -force at this time + exit 1 and then with -force $ ./test2.sh restart -force + START_TIME=9 + STOP_TIME=17 ++ date +%k + HOUR=11 + [[ 11 -ge 9 ]] + [[ 11 -le 17 ]] + [[ '' != \-\f\o\r\c\e ]] + echo 'Cannot run this script without -force at this time' Cannot run this script without -force at this time + exit 1

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• Bash: how to simply parallelize tasks?

  - by NoozNooz42

  I'm writing a tiny script that calls the "PNGOUT" util on a few hundred PNG files. I simply did this: find $BASEDIR -iname "*png" -exec pngout {} \; And then I looked at my CPU monitor and noticed only one of the core was used, which is quite sad. In this day and age of dual, quad, octo and hexa (?) cores desktop, how do I simply parallelize this task with Bash? (it's not the first time I've had such a need, for quite a lot of these utils are mono-threaded... I already had the case with mp3 encoders). Would simply running all the pngout in the background do? How would my find command look like then? (I'm not too sure how to mix find and the '&' character) I if have three hundreds pictures, this would mean swapping between three hundreds processes, which doesn't seem great anyway!? Or should I copy my three hundreds files or so in "nb dirs", where "nb dirs" would be the number of cores, then run concurrently "nb finds"? (which would be close enough) But how would I do this?

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• BASH echo write mysql input

  - by jmituzas

  Have a bash menu where variables write to file for mysql input. heres what I have: echo "CREATE DATABASE '$mysqldbn'; #GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO '$mysqlu'@'$myhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$mysqlup' WITH GRANT OPTION; GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES ON '$mysqldbn'.* TO '$mysqlu'@'$myhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$mysqlup'; GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES ON '$mysqldbn'.* TO '$mysqlu'@'$myip' IDENTIFIED BY '$mysqlup'; GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES ON '$mysqldbn'.* TO '$mysqlu'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$mysqlup'; GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES< LOCK TABLES on '$mysqldbn'.* TO '$mysqlu'@'$rip' IDENTIFIED BY '$mysqlup';" > nmysql.db mysql -u root -p$mypass < nmysql.db problem is to get variables to show I had to put them in single quotes, the single quotes show up as I want for instances like '$mysqlu'@'localhost'. But how can I remove the quotes and still get to use the variable in the instance like, CREATE DATABASE '$mysqldbn' ? Double quotes wont work either, I am at a loss. Thanks in advance, Joe

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• linux bash script: set date/time variable to auto-update (for inclusion in file names)

  - by user1859492

  Essentially, I have a standard format for file naming conventions. It breaks down to this: target_dateUTC_timeUTC_tool So, for instance, if I run tcpdump on a target of 'foo', then the file would be foo_dateUTC_timeUTC_tcpdump. Simple enough, but a pain for everyone to constantly (and consistently) enter... so I've tried to create a bash script which sets system variables like so: FILENAME=$TARGET\_$UTCTIME\_$TOOL Then, I can just call the variable at runtime, like so: tcpdump -w $FILENAME.lpc All of this works like a champ. I've got a menu-driven .sh which gives the user the options of viewing the current variables as well as setting them... file generation is a breeze. Unfortunately, by setting the date/time variable, it is locked to the value at the time of creation (naturally). I set the variable like so: UTCTIME=$(/bin/date --utc +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%Z") What I really need is either a way to create a variable which updates at runtime, or (more likely) another way to skin this cat. While scouring for solutions, I came across a similar issues... like this. But, to be honest, I'm stumped on how to marry the two approaches and create a simple, distributable solution. I can post the entire .sh if anyone cares to review (about 120 lines)

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• Bash script to find a directory, list it's contents and sub-folders info

  - by lithiumion

  Hi I want to write a script that will: 1- locate folder "store" on a *nix filesystem 2- move into that folder 3- print list of contents with last modification date 4- calculate sub-folders size This folder's absolute path changes from server to server, but the folder name remains the same always. There is a config file that contains the correct path to that folder though, but it doesn't give absolute bath to it. Sample Config: Account ON DIR-Store /hdd1 Scheduled YES ?According to the config file the absolute path would be "/hdd1/backup/store/" I need the script to grep the "/hdd1" or anything beyond the word "Config-Store", add "/backup/store/" to it, move into folder "store", print list of it's contents, and calculate sub-folders size. Until now I manually edit the script on each server to reflect the path to the "store" folder. Here is a sample script: #!/bin/bash echo " " echo " " echo "Moving Into Directory" cd /hdd1/backup/store/ echo "Listing Directory Content" echo " " ls -alh echo "*******************************" sleep 2 echo " " echo "Calculating Backup Size" echo " " du -sh store/* echo "********** Done! **********" I know I could use grep cat /etc/store.conf | grep DIR-Store Just don't know how to get around selecting the path, adding the "/backup/store/" and moving ahead. Any help will be appreciated

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• Why isn't the compiler smarter in this const function overloading problem?

  - by Frank

  The following code does not compile: #include <iostream> class Foo { std::string s; public: const std::string& GetString() const { return s; } std::string* GetString() { return &s; } }; int main(int argc, char** argv){ Foo foo; const std::string& s = foo.GetString(); // error return 0; } I get the following error: const1.cc:11: error: invalid initialization of reference of type 'const std::string&' from expression of type 'std::string* It does make some sense because foo is not of type const Foo, but just Foo, so the compiler wants to use the non-const function. But still, why can't it recognize that I want to call the const GetString function, by looking at the (type of) variable I assign it to? I found this kind of surprising.

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• Bash: "xargs cat", adding newlines after each file

  - by NoozNooz42

  I'm using a few commands to cat a few files, like this: cat somefile | grep example | awk -F '"' '{ print $2 }' | xargs cat It nearly works, but my issue is that I'd like to add a newline after each file. Can this be done in a one liner? (surely I can create a new script or a function that does cat and then echo -n but I was wondering if this could be solved in another way)

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• Check if a program exists in bash

  - by ~rojanu

  I am trying to check if md5sum or digest exists on solaris and script is used on different machines. Here is the function in sh script which is called from a ksh script getMD5cmd () { PATH="${PATH}:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sfw/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin/bin" if type -p md5sum;then MD5CMD=`type -p md5sum` elif type -p digest;then MD5CMD="`type -p digest` -a md5" fi echo "HERE ${MD5CMD}" } When I run scripts I get -p not found md5sum not found -p not found digest is /bin/digest HERE However, when I type it in a terminal, works as exptected Any Ideas? Thanks

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• How could I make a bash script to execute apt-get?

  - by poz2k4444

  I'm trying to automatize some configurations I have with bash script, I've never done this before so I tried with something easy like a Hello World! and everything works just fine, but then I tried something like this: #!/bin/bash sudo su apt-get purge postfix and it doesn't do anything, I check and postfix is still installed, and at any time it asks for any entry of mine, I just tried with apt-get but I'll do things like ssh-keygen or even write files I guess with cat or something, how could I do the script working and also seeing what's going on?

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• How do I ask screen to behave like a standard bash shell?

  - by thornomad

  Just learned about the screen command on linux - it is genius. I love it. However, the actual terminal/prompt in screen looks and behaves differently than my standard bash prompt. That is, the colors aren't the same, tab completion doesn't seem to work, etc. Is there a way I can tell screen to behave just like a normal (at least, normal as in what I am used to) bash prompt ?

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• How to convert a lambda to an std::function using templates

  - by retep998

  Basically, what I want to be able to do is take a lambda with any number of any type of parameters and convert it to an std::function. I've tried the following and neither method works. std::function([](){});//Complains that std::function is missing template parameters template <typename T> void foo(function<T> f){} foo([](){});//Complains that it cannot find a matching candidate The following code does work however, but it is not what I want because it requires explicitly stating the template parameters which does not work for generic code. std::function<void()>([](){}); I've been mucking around with functions and templates all evening and I just can't figure this out, so any help would be much appreciated. As mentioned in a comment, the reason I'm trying to do this is because I'm trying to implement currying in C++ using variadic templates. Unfortunately, this fails horribly when using lambdas. For example, I can pass a standard function using a function pointer. template <typename R, typename...A> void foo(R (*f)(A...)) {} void bar() {} int main() { foo(bar); } However, I can't figure out how to pass a lambda to such a variadic function. Why I'm interested in converting a generic lambda into an std::function is because I can do the following, but it ends up requiring that I explicitly state the template parameters to std::function which is what I am trying to avoid. template <typename R, typename...A> void foo(std::function<R(A...)>) {} int main() { foo(std::function<void()>([](){})); }

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• Replacing a column in CSV file with another in bash

  - by user2525881

  I have a csv file with a number of columns. I am trying to replace the second column with the second to last column from the same file. For example, if I have a file, sample.csv 1,2,3,4,5,6 a,b,c,d,e,f g,h,i,j,k,l I want to output: 1,5,3,4,5,6 a,e,c,d,e,f g,k,i,j,k,l Can anyone help me with this task? Also note that I will be discarding the last two columns afterwards with the cut function so I am open to separating the csv file to begin with so that I can replace the column in one csv file with another column from another csv file. Whichever is easier to implement. Thanks in advance for any help.

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