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• Best approach to limit users to a single node of a given content type in Drupal

  - by Chaulky

  I need to limit users to a single node of a given content type. So a user can only create one node of TypeX. I've come up with two approaches. Which would be better to use... 1) Edit the node/add/typex menu item to check the database to see if the user has already created a node of TypeX, as well as if they have permissions to create it. 2) When a user creates a node of TypeX, assign them to a different role that doesn't have permissions to create that type of node. In approach 1, I have to make an additional database call on every page load to see if they should be able to see the "Create TypeX" (node/add/typex). But in approach 2, I have to maintain two separate roles. Which approach would you use?

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• In Node.JS, how do I return an entire object from a separate .js file?

  - by Matthew Patrick Cashatt

  Thanks for looking. I am new to Node.js and trying to figure out how to request an object from a separate file (rather than just requesting a function) but everything I try--exports,module-exports,etc--is failing. So, for example, if I have foo.js: var methods = { Foobar:{ getFoo: function(){return "foo!!";}, getBar: function(){return "bar!!";} } }; And now I want to call a function within an object of foo.js from index.js: var m = require('./Methods'); function fooMain(){ return m.Foobar.getFoo(); }; How do I do this? I have tried all sorts of combinations of exports and module-exports but they seem to only work if I call a discrete function that is not part of an object. Thanks!

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• Is it possible to get the current request that is being served by node.js?

  - by user420504

  I am using express.js. I have a need to be able to log certain request data whenever someone tries to log a message. For this I would like to create a helper method like so function log_message(level, message){ winston.log(level, req.path + "" + message); } I would then use the method like so. exports.index = function(req, res){ log_message("info", "I'm here"); } Note that I am not passing the req object to the log_message function. I want that to be transparently done so that the log_message API user does not need to be aware of the common data that is being logged. Is there a way to achieve this with express.js/node.js. Is the request object available from a global variable of some sort?

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• chmod -R 777 / on ubuntu - numerous problems

  - by ncatnow

  A client has accidentally given the entire filesystem full permissions on their ubuntu 10.04 box. chmod -R 777 httpdocs/cd / As you can see they attempted to cd to the root, and instead gave chmod a fun parameter to play with. First sign of the problem was inability to use 'su', giving an authentication error. sudo also complained of a missing setuid bit. This was fixed by logging in as root from the machine itself, and running chmod +s /usr/bin/sudo. I can now sudo su and do what I need to as root. su still gives an authentication failure. I followed the advice here: http://swiss.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1180661&page=2 chmod 0755 / chmod 0755 /* chmod 1777 /tmp chmod 0750 /root chmod 0700 /lost+found I then tried to reset root password. I still cannot su to become root, or su root. The system seems to be running fine. Are there any suggestions for getting su to work once again? Where can I look for more problems?

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• rsyslog channels change ownership from root

  - by Paul Whelan

  Hello all I am using rsyslog on ubuntu 10.4 64bit LTS. the following is the relevant config in /etc/rsyslog.d/60-mylogger.conf $template Paul,"%msg%\n" $outchannel log_rotation_paul,/var/log/paul/events.log,2000,/opt/scripts/log_rotation_script.sh local0.* $log_rotation_paul;Paul This should rotate every 2000 bytes My problem is the the channel directive here causes the ownership defined in /etc/rsyslog.conf to be completely ignored and when my log rotate script is called I don't have the root permissions required to move my log file as its the script runs as rsyslog and the file I am moving requires root permissions. Any ideas I found this link but unfortunately it does not fix my issue.

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• Fastest pathfinding for static node matrix

  - by Sean Martin

  I'm programming a route finding routine in VB.NET for an online game I play, and I'm searching for the fastest route finding algorithm for my map type. The game takes place in space, with thousands of solar systems connected by jump gates. The game devs have provided a DB dump containing a list of every system and the systems it can jump to. The map isn't quite a node tree, since some branches can jump to other branches - more of a matrix. What I need is a fast pathfinding algorithm. I have already implemented an A* routine and a Dijkstra's, both find the best path but are too slow for my purposes - a search that considers about 5000 nodes takes over 20 seconds to compute. A similar program on a website can do the same search in less than a second. This website claims to use D*, which I have looked into. That algorithm seems more appropriate for dynamic maps rather than one that does not change - unless I misunderstand it's premise. So is there something faster I can use for a map that is not your typical tile/polygon base? GBFS? Perhaps a DFS? Or have I likely got some problem with my A* - maybe poorly chosen heuristics or movement cost? Currently my movement cost is the length of the jump (the DB dump has solar system coordinates as well), and the heuristic is a quick euclidean calculation from the node to the goal. In case anyone has some optimizations for my A*, here is the routine that consumes about 60% of my processing time, according to my profiler. The coordinateData table contains a list of every system's coordinates, and neighborNode.distance is the distance of the jump. Private Function findDistance(ByVal startSystem As Integer, ByVal endSystem As Integer) As Integer 'hCount += 1 'If hCount Mod 0 = 0 Then 'Return hCache 'End If 'Initialize variables to be filled Dim x1, x2, y1, y2, z1, z2 As Integer 'LINQ queries for solar system data Dim systemFromData = From result In jumpDataDB.coordinateDatas Where result.systemId = startSystem Select result.x, result.y, result.z Dim systemToData = From result In jumpDataDB.coordinateDatas Where result.systemId = endSystem Select result.x, result.y, result.z 'LINQ execute 'Fill variables with solar system data for from and to system For Each solarSystem In systemFromData x1 = (solarSystem.x) y1 = (solarSystem.y) z1 = (solarSystem.z) Next For Each solarSystem In systemToData x2 = (solarSystem.x) y2 = (solarSystem.y) z2 = (solarSystem.z) Next Dim x3 = Math.Abs(x1 - x2) Dim y3 = Math.Abs(y1 - y2) Dim z3 = Math.Abs(z1 - z2) 'Calculate distance and round 'Dim distance = Math.Round(Math.Sqrt(Math.Abs((x1 - x2) ^ 2) + Math.Abs((y1 - y2) ^ 2) + Math.Abs((z1 - z2) ^ 2))) Dim distance = firstConstant * Math.Min(secondConstant * (x3 + y3 + z3), Math.Max(x3, Math.Max(y3, z3))) 'Dim distance = Math.Abs(x1 - x2) + Math.Abs(z1 - z2) + Math.Abs(y1 - y2) 'hCache = distance Return distance End Function And the main loop, the other 30% 'Begin search While openList.Count() != 0 'Set current system and move node to closed currentNode = lowestF() move(currentNode.id) For Each neighborNode In neighborNodes If Not onList(neighborNode.toSystem, 0) Then If Not onList(neighborNode.toSystem, 1) Then Dim newNode As New nodeData() newNode.id = neighborNode.toSystem newNode.parent = currentNode.id newNode.g = currentNode.g + neighborNode.distance newNode.h = findDistance(newNode.id, endSystem) newNode.f = newNode.g + newNode.h newNode.security = neighborNode.security openList.Add(newNode) shortOpenList(OLindex) = newNode.id OLindex += 1 Else Dim proposedG As Integer = currentNode.g + neighborNode.distance If proposedG < gValue(neighborNode.toSystem) Then changeParent(neighborNode.toSystem, currentNode.id, proposedG) End If End If End If Next 'Check to see if done If currentNode.id = endSystem Then Exit While End If End While If clarification is needed on my spaghetti code, I'll try to explain.

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• Eclipse Juno, need root access everytime I change the configuration

  - by veepsk

  I am trying to install eclipse Juno on 12.04. I did all the things instructed in this link. But whenever I install any new software (Say CDT or Pydev) on Eclipse, the new softwares are gone upon opening the Eclipse app again. I then have to open Eclipse again with root privileges to install all the software. I also ran into many problems with linking the include library for Eclipse CDT. Can anyone help me with installing Juno in a way that I do not need root access every time I change configurations in Eclipse?

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• Ubuntu 11.10 with KDE installed does not prompt for elevation for privileged ops in all apps

  - by Michael Goldshteyn

  I installed the KDE window manager on top of Ubuntu 11.10 and while I am using KDE, I do not get an elevation dialog when I try to perform tasks that require root privileges. Instead, the operations silently fail, unless I launch apps from a terminal, in which case I get errors like: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/softwareproperties/gtk/SoftwarePropertiesGtk.py", line 649, in on_isv_source_toggled self.backend.ToggleSourceUse(str(source_entry)) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dbus/proxies.py", line 143, in __call__ **keywords) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dbus/connection.py", line 630, in call_blocking message, timeout) dbus.exceptions.DBusException: com.ubuntu.SoftwareProperties.PermissionDeniedByPolicy: com.ubuntu.softwareproperties.applychanges Or from the muon package manager, an error dialog such as: Does anyone know what I need to do to fix this, so that I get a proper dialog asking for elevation? Otherwise, I have to start each app that may need root privs with sudo from a terminal or gksudo. Thanks

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• Cycles through black screen on login after changing password

  - by John L

  On my laptop, I forgot the password to my Ubuntu partition, so I logged into the root command shell on the recovery start up option in GRUB so that I could change the password. On my first attempt to change my user password, I got this error: root@username-PC:~# passwd username (*not my actual user name*) Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: Authentication token manipulation error passwd: password unchanged After doing some research, I discovered that I was stuck as read only on the file system, so I ran the following command to remount the file partition as read/write: mount -rw -o remount / Afterwards, I change my user password using passwd and it was changed successfully. I restarted my laptop and tried to login using the new password but the only thing that happened was after entering my password it flashed to a black screen with some text that I couldn't make out except for "Ubuntu 12.04" then another black screen half a second later, and finally back to the login screen. Repeated attempts to login results in only this action.

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• How to remap Fn key combinations (Lenovo G500)

  - by Anatoli

  I am running Kubuntu 13.10 on a Lenovo G500 laptop. My question is similar to this one: How can I remap my F keys on my HP laptop? That is to say, my F1-F12 keys are mapped to certain special functions, and only holding down the Fn key restores access to the standard F1-F12 keys. How do I remap certain keys? I would like to know if there is a way to remap Fx to Fn+Fx and vice-versa. As per the instructions of #87043 I checked my BIOS and there is no option to switch the Fx/Fn key functionality. Googling through Leonovo's support forums indicates a BIOS update enabling this is in the works, but there's no indication of when it will be complete. Using xev I was able to see what X sees when F1-F12 are pressed. Some send separate keycodes, but some are somehow mapped to key combinations or other unknown things: F1 - XF86AudioMute F2 - XF86AudioVolumeLower F3 - XF86AudioVolumeRaise F4 - Alt_L + F4 F5 - F5 F6 - Disables touchapd, cannot quite understand what xev tells me is happening, reenables if disabled (Kernel log reveals these have well-defined scancodes not assigned to any keycodes) F7 - XF86WLAN F8 - Alt_L + Ctrl_L + Tab F9 - Turns off LCD backlight, xev sees nothing F10 - Super_L + p F11 - XF86MonBrightnessLower F12 - XF86MonBrightnessRaise Following the instrusctions on this page: How do I remap certain keys? I remapped all the keys that have definite keycodes (F1, F2, F3, F5, F7, F11, F12) This still leaves the F4, F6, F8, F9, F10 keys not functioning properly. This is especially frustarting since F4, F6, F9 now kill the current window, the touchpad and screen, respectively. Any help on remapping these keys to their proper functions would be much appreciated! -Anatoli xev output for these 5 keys: F4 KeyPress event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001, root 0x9d, subw 0x0, time 3674037, (228,298), root:(911,321), state 0x0, keycode 64 (keysym 0xffe9, Alt_L), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False FocusOut event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001, mode NotifyGrab, detail NotifyAncestor FocusIn event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001, mode NotifyUngrab, detail NotifyAncestor KeymapNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x0, keys: 4294967197 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 KeyRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001, root 0x9d, subw 0x0, time 3674040, (228,298), root:(911,321), state 0x8, keycode 70 (keysym 0xffc1, F4), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False KeyRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001, root 0x9d, subw 0x0, time 3674042, (228,298), root:(911,321), state 0x8, keycode 64 (keysym 0xffe9, Alt_L), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False ClientMessage event, serial 40, synthetic YES, window 0x4800001, message_type 0x12a (WM_PROTOCOLS), format 32, message 0x12b (WM_DELETE_WINDOW) F6 disabling touchpad MappingNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x0, request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 248 FocusOut event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4600001, mode NotifyGrab, detail NotifyAncestor FocusIn event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4600001, mode NotifyUngrab, detail NotifyAncestor KeymapNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x0, keys: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MappingNotify event, serial 41, synthetic NO, window 0x0, request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 248 F6 enabling touchpad MappingNotify event, serial 42, synthetic NO, window 0x0, request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 248 FocusOut event, serial 42, synthetic NO, window 0x4600001, mode NotifyGrab, detail NotifyAncestor FocusIn event, serial 42, synthetic NO, window 0x4600001, mode NotifyUngrab, detail NotifyAncestor KeymapNotify event, serial 42, synthetic NO, window 0x0, keys: 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MappingNotify event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x0, request MappingPointer, first_keycode 0, count 0 F8 doing whatever it is F8 does KeyPress event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4600001, root 0x9d, subw 0x0, time 3508985, (13,-12), root:(696,11), state 0x0, keycode 64 (keysym 0xffe9, Alt_L), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False KeyPress event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4600001, root 0x9d, subw 0x0, time 3508986, (13,-12), root:(696,11), state 0x8, keycode 37 (keysym 0xffe3, Control_L), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False KeyPress event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4600001, root 0x9d, subw 0x0, time 3508988, (13,-12), root:(696,11), state 0xc, keycode 23 (keysym 0xff09, Tab), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (09) " " XmbLookupString gives 1 bytes: (09) " " XFilterEvent returns: False KeyRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4600001, root 0x9d, subw 0x0, time 3508989, (13,-12), root:(696,11), state 0xc, keycode 64 (keysym 0xffe9, Alt_L), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False KeyRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4600001, root 0x9d, subw 0x0, time 3508991, (13,-12), root:(696,11), state 0x4, keycode 37 (keysym 0xffe3, Control_L), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False KeyRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4600001, root 0x9d, subw 0x0, time 3508994, (13,-12), root:(696,11), state 0x0, keycode 23 (keysym 0xff09, Tab), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (09) " " XFilterEvent returns: False F9 gives no output to xev F10 doing whatever it is F10 does KeyRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4600001, root 0x9d, subw 0x0, time 3586076, (9,-14), root:(692,9), state 0x0, keycode 10 (keysym 0x31, 1), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (31) "1" XFilterEvent returns: False KeyPress event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4600001, root 0x9d, subw 0x0, time 3586552, (9,-14), root:(692,9), state 0x0, keycode 133 (keysym 0xffeb, Super_L), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False KeyPress event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4600001, root 0x9d, subw 0x0, time 3586554, (9,-14), root:(692,9), state 0x40, keycode 33 (keysym 0x70, p), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (70) "p" XmbLookupString gives 1 bytes: (70) "p" XFilterEvent returns: False KeyRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4600001, root 0x9d, subw 0x0, time 3586557, (9,-14), root:(692,9), state 0x40, keycode 33 (keysym 0x70, p), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (70) "p" XFilterEvent returns: False KeyRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4600001, root 0x9d, subw 0x0, time 3586560, (9,-14), root:(692,9), state 0x40, keycode 133 (keysym 0xffeb, Super_L), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False

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• Installing MoinMoin -wiki to my user directory on a server with no root access

  - by deiga

  Hello all, I've been trying to install MoinMoin -wiki on this webserver, where I have no root access. The server doesn't support wsgi, but it does support cgi/fcgi/etc. I've scoured google for a simple guide on how to accomplish this, but the only guides I found were from the year 2004 or so. Other guides always assumed that one has root access. So can anyone link a good tutorial for my question or just help me out here? Your help is appreciated :) P.S. Sorry if this is the wrong stack -page

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• Silverlight Root Level Containers

  This article specifically mentioned about differences among 3 root level containers using for building Silverlight controls.

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• Regain Sudo rights after removing from admin group

  - by berkes

  Hello, I accidentally removed myself from the admin group when editing the user. Now I can no longer use sudo. The error says: ber is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported. I booted up in rescue mode, but, when going into root prompt, it asks me for the root password. I don't have one, and providing with my own (first and only ubuntu-user) password, it won't allow entrance. My harddisk is encrypted, but only the /home/user part, not the entire disk, afaik. What can I do?

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• node-xmpp-bosh error on Ubuntu 11.10

  - by megueloby

  I am newbie in Linux word. I want to implement a bosh server. Because it is hard on Windows platform I decided to deploy it on a Ubuntu virtual machine via vmware. I made installation without problems. I followed the processes on this page. Now I want to test my bosh server with the command sudo bosh or sudo /etc/init.d/bosh start, after typing those I get on the terminal Starting bosh server after, nothing. I looked on the bosh.err file and I see exec: 2: /usr/local/lib/bosh/run-server.js: Permission denied I don? t know why this error with sudo. When I try ls -l /usr/local/lib/bosh/run-server.js it show -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4889 2012-04-01 18:50 /usr/local/lib/bosh/run-server.js How can I make bosh start?

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• How to setup passwordless SSH access for root user

  - by Cerin

  I need to configure a machine so software installation can be automated remotely via SSH. Following the wiki, I was able to setup SSH keys so my user can access the machine without a password, but I still need to manually enter my password when I use sudo, which obviously an automated process shouldn't have to do. Although my /etc/ssh/sshd_config has PermitRootLogin yes, I can't seem to be able to login as root, presumably because it's not a "real" account with a separate password. How do I configure SSH keys, so a process can remotely login as root on Ubuntu?

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• How to Root Your Android Device & Why You Might Want To

  - by Chris Hoffman

  You’ve probably heard of people “rooting” their Android phones. If you’ve ever wondered how to do that yourself – or wondered why people would bother – you’re in luck. You can root your Android in just a few minutes. After rooting your device, you have full access to the entire system and can run special types of apps that require root permissions. These apps can disable bloatware, control app permissions, enable tethering, and do lots of other cool things. HTG Explains: Why Linux Doesn’t Need Defragmenting How to Convert News Feeds to Ebooks with Calibre How To Customize Your Wallpaper with Google Image Searches, RSS Feeds, and More

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• New HDD formating on Ext4 root permission

  - by Carlos Salmeron

  OK people good evening, I have this new 80Gb HDD I want to use it as a backup storage for my actual system (14.04) not a server. I formatted it with Gpart but I just can't write in it, when I search for permissions it tells me that only root users can write/create in it, log on as root user and try to change permissions, and I can't do that either. Long have I searched for an answer, looking everywhere but not to find any, is there a way to format it and use it with my user permission? Don't want it on NTFS, is there a way?, I have searched in these forums but there’s only an answer to format it in NTFS, so please. Thank you in advance.

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• plotting histograms in ROOT with varying variable names

  - by user66890

  I am not sure how to phrase this question correctly, but this is what I am trying to do. A single histogram can be plotted using cern ROOT with a following command, (TH1F*)electron->Draw(); But I have tens of histograms named in a sequence, such as electron1, elecron2, electron3, etc, and I want to write a simple loop to plot them all. I tried using sprintf and a simple for loop, but ROOT doesn't like it. char name[20]; (TH1F*)electron->Draw(); for(int j=0;j<5;j++){ sprintf(name, "%s%d","electron",j); (TH1F*)name->Draw("same"); } What am I doing wrong? Thanks in advance.

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• Implement Fast Inverse Square Root in Javascript?

  - by BBz

  The Fast Inverse Square Root from Quake III seems to use a floating-point trick. As I understand, floating-point representation can have some different implementations. So is it possible to implement the Fast Inverse Square Root in Javascript? Would it return the same result? float Q_rsqrt(float number) { long i; float x2, y; const float threehalfs = 1.5F; x2 = number * 0.5F; y = number; i = * ( long * ) &y; i = 0x5f3759df - ( i >> 1 ); y = * ( float * ) &i; y = y * ( threehalfs - ( x2 * y * y ) ); return y; }

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• Installing Ubuntu 12.10 with encrypted root and encrypted /home on separate partition

  - by peterrus

  Is it possible to have Ubuntu 12.10 with an encrypted root partition and an encrypted home partition (using preferably the same encryption mechanism)? This question is somewhat the same: How do I install Ubuntu with encrypted root, home, and swap partitions? But is not answered. As I am using a dualboot setup I can not use the automatic partitioner (which doesn't support your /home on a separate disk/partition anyway). So I would have to configure some things manually. How would I do this?

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• How to Get Vim to do Filename Completion Even When You are Root

  - by user12608033

  From the Obscure Unix Admin Tip of the Day section... If you occasionally edit files as root (I never do, I always use pfexec, wink wink), then you may have noticed that the vim (Vi Improved) editor that normally does filename completion via the <Tab> key now gives you something like: :e /etc/mo^I when you try to open up /etc/motd with a little less typing So, there are at least three solutions to this: Use <Ctrl>-E instead of <Tab> Use the "-N" flag when you start Vim :set wildchar=<Tab> (Enter those 5 characters, not an actual Tab) The reason for this? It seems that when you are root, Vim sets it's "compatible" flag, which makes it behave more like its ancestor vi. In turn this makes Vim set 'wildchar' to <Ctrl>-E. For more info, read the section you get when you enter :help cmdline-completion

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• Deleted Myself from Admin Group - Now Getting Error usermod: cannot lock /etc/passwd; try again later

  - by BubbaJ

  I have a laptop with Ubuntu 11.10 that is shared between myself and two other family members. My user id was setup as the only "Administrator" on the laptop. The other users were setup as "Standard" users. In my attempt to try to add myself to the user groups for the other users, I somehow deleted myself from the admin groups. I used the "usermod" command from the terminal. I must have neglected to include the proper switches or syntax for the update. It looks like I successfully added my userid to the group associated with my wife's account. When I use the "groups" command, I can see only my id and my wife's id in the list. I no longer see the "admin" or "adm" groups, and others that used to be listed. When I go into System Settings User Accounts it looks like my ID is now listed as a "Standard" user. I would like to change my account back to "Administrator", but now I can't. I did some searches for solutions and found that I would need to boot into Recovery Mode and execute the usermod command from the root session. I was able to successfully boot into Recovery Mode and get to the root session. I was trying to execute the command "usermod -a -G admin user1" to add my id (user1) back to the admin group. When I execute the command from the root session, I get the error message "usermod: cannot lock /etc/passwd; try again later". I tried preceding the usermod command with "sudo", but it didn't make a difference, same error. I then tried adding a new user using adduser, thinking I would try to create a new userid and make the new userid part of the admin group. I get the same error using the adduser command. I saw some posts that recommend looking for and deleting files that end in ".lock" in the etc directory. The only file I found was .pwd.lock which I haven't touched. I am at a loss as to what to try next. I am relatively inexperienced with Ubuntu and Linux, so alot of this is new to me. Any help you can provide would be much appreciated.

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• How to use rvm (ruby version manager) with root account?

  - by Jade

  The whole point of rvm is to be able to install multiple rubies and access them from a user account. What do you do when you need to access any of those rubies from root? Or use gems installed in one of those rvms? Is there an elegant (or even hackish) way to use these I haven't considered? My guess is that I should just add it to my PATH, but I'm curious if anyone has come up with a better idea. I'd rather not install rvm just for the root account and duplicate everything.

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• Is the Observer pattern adequate for this kind of scenario?

  - by Omega

  I'm creating a simple game development framework with Ruby. There is a node system. A node is a game entity, and it has position. It can have children nodes (and one parent node). Children are always drawn relatively to their parent. Nodes have a @position field. Anyone can modify it. When such position is modified, the node must update its children accordingly to properly draw them relatively to it. @position contains a Point instance (a class with x and y properties, plus some other useful methods). I need to know when a node's @position's state changes, so I can tell the node to update its children. This is easy if the programmer does something like this: @node.position = Point.new(300,300) Because it is equivalent to calling this: # Code in the Node class def position=(newValue) @position = newValue update_my_children # <--- I know that the position changed end But, I'm lost when this happens: @node.position.x = 300 The only one that knows that the position changed is the Point instance stored in the @position property of the node. But I need the node to be notified! It was at this point that I considered the Observer pattern. Basically, Point is now observable. When a node's position property is given a new Point instance (through the assignment operator), it will stop observing the previous Point it had (if any), and start observing the new one. When a Point instance gets a state change, all observers (the node owning it) will be notified, so now my node can update its children when the position changes. A problem is when this happens: @someNode.position = @anotherNode.position This means that two nodes are observing the same point. If I change one of the node's position, the other would change as well. To fix this, when a position is assigned, I plan to create a new Point instance, copy the passed argument's x and y, and store my newly created point instead of storing the passed one. Another problem I fear is this: somePoint = @node.position somePoint.x = 500 This would, technically, modify @node's position. I'm not sure if anyone would be expecting that behavior. I'm under the impression that people see Point as some kind of primitive rather than an actual object. Is this approach even reasonable? Reasons I'm feeling skeptical: I've heard that the Observer pattern should be used with, well, many observers. Technically, in this scenario there is only one observer at a time. When assigning a node's position as another's (@someNode.position = @anotherNode.position), where I create a whole new instance rather than storing the passed point, it feels hackish, or even inefficient.

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• How to store session values with Node.js and mongodb?

  - by Tirithen

  How do I get sessions working with Node.js, [email protected] and mongodb? I'm now trying to use connect-mongo like this: var config = require('../config'), express = require('express'), MongoStore = require('connect-mongo'), server = express.createServer(); server.configure(function() { server.use(express.logger()); server.use(express.methodOverride()); server.use(express.static(config.staticPath)); server.use(express.bodyParser()); server.use(express.cookieParser()); server.use(express.session({ store: new MongoStore({ db: config.db }), secret: config.salt })); }); server.configure('development', function() { server.use(express.errorHandler({ dumpExceptions: true, showStack: true })); }); server.configure('production', function() { server.use(express.errorHandler()); }); server.set('views', __dirname + '/../views'); server.set('view engine', 'jade'); server.listen(config.port); I'm then, in a server.get callback trying to use req.session.test = 'hello'; to store that value in the session, but it's not stored between the requests. It probobly takes something more that this to store session values, how? Is there a better documented module than connect-mongo?

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