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  • Developing Schema Compare for Oracle (Part 6): 9i Query Performance

    - by Simon Cooper
    All throughout the EAP and beta versions of Schema Compare for Oracle, our main request was support for Oracle 9i. After releasing version 1.0 with support for 10g and 11g, our next step was then to get version 1.1 of SCfO out with support for 9i. However, there were some significant problems that we had to overcome first. This post will concentrate on query execution time. When we first tested SCfO on a 9i server, after accounting for various changes to the data dictionary, we found that database registration was taking a long time. And I mean a looooooong time. The same database that on 10g or 11g would take a couple of minutes to register would be taking upwards of 30 mins on 9i. Obviously, this is not ideal, so a poke around the query execution plans was required. As an example, let's take the table population query - the one that reads ALL_TABLES and joins it with a few other dictionary views to get us back our list of tables. On 10g, this query takes 5.6 seconds. On 9i, it takes 89.47 seconds. The difference in execution plan is even more dramatic - here's the (edited) execution plan on 10g: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Id | Operation | Name | Bytes | Cost |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 108K| 939 || 1 | SORT ORDER BY | | 108K| 939 || 2 | NESTED LOOPS OUTER | | 108K| 938 ||* 3 | HASH JOIN RIGHT OUTER | | 103K| 762 || 4 | VIEW | ALL_EXTERNAL_LOCATIONS | 2058 | 3 ||* 20 | HASH JOIN RIGHT OUTER | | 73472 | 759 || 21 | VIEW | ALL_EXTERNAL_TABLES | 2097 | 3 ||* 34 | HASH JOIN RIGHT OUTER | | 39920 | 755 || 35 | VIEW | ALL_MVIEWS | 51 | 7 || 58 | NESTED LOOPS OUTER | | 39104 | 748 || 59 | VIEW | ALL_TABLES | 6704 | 668 || 89 | VIEW PUSHED PREDICATE | ALL_TAB_COMMENTS | 2025 | 5 || 106 | VIEW | ALL_PART_TABLES | 277 | 11 |------------------------------------------------------------------------------- And the same query on 9i: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Id | Operation | Name | Bytes | Cost |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 16P| 55G|| 1 | SORT ORDER BY | | 16P| 55G|| 2 | NESTED LOOPS OUTER | | 16P| 862M|| 3 | NESTED LOOPS OUTER | | 5251G| 992K|| 4 | NESTED LOOPS OUTER | | 4243M| 2578 || 5 | NESTED LOOPS OUTER | | 2669K| 1440 ||* 6 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 398K| 302 || 7 | VIEW | ALL_TABLES | 342K| 276 || 29 | VIEW | ALL_MVIEWS | 51 | 20 ||* 50 | VIEW PUSHED PREDICATE | ALL_TAB_COMMENTS | 2043 | ||* 66 | VIEW PUSHED PREDICATE | ALL_EXTERNAL_TABLES | 1777K| ||* 80 | VIEW PUSHED PREDICATE | ALL_EXTERNAL_LOCATIONS | 1744K| ||* 96 | VIEW | ALL_PART_TABLES | 852K| |------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Have a look at the cost column. 10g's overall query cost is 939, and 9i is 55,000,000,000 (or more precisely, 55,496,472,769). It's also having to process far more data. What on earth could be causing this huge difference in query cost? After trawling through the '10g New Features' documentation, we found item 1.9.2.21. Before 10g, Oracle advised that you do not collect statistics on data dictionary objects. From 10g, it advised that you do collect statistics on the data dictionary; for our queries, Oracle therefore knows what sort of data is in the dictionary tables, and so can generate an efficient execution plan. On 9i, no statistics are present on the system tables, so Oracle has to use the Rule Based Optimizer, which turns most LEFT JOINs into nested loops. If we force 9i to use hash joins, like 10g, we get a much better plan: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Id | Operation | Name | Bytes | Cost |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 7587K| 3704 || 1 | SORT ORDER BY | | 7587K| 3704 ||* 2 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 7587K| 822 ||* 3 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 5262K| 616 ||* 4 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 2980K| 465 ||* 5 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 710K| 432 ||* 6 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 398K| 302 || 7 | VIEW | ALL_TABLES | 342K| 276 || 29 | VIEW | ALL_MVIEWS | 51 | 20 || 50 | VIEW | ALL_PART_TABLES | 852K| 104 || 78 | VIEW | ALL_TAB_COMMENTS | 2043 | 14 || 93 | VIEW | ALL_EXTERNAL_LOCATIONS | 1744K| 31 || 106 | VIEW | ALL_EXTERNAL_TABLES | 1777K| 28 |------------------------------------------------------------------------------- That's much more like it. This drops the execution time down to 24 seconds. Not as good as 10g, but still an improvement. There are still several problems with this, however. 10g introduced a new join method - a right outer hash join (used in the first execution plan). The 9i query optimizer doesn't have this option available, so forcing a hash join means it has to hash the ALL_TABLES table, and furthermore re-hash it for every hash join in the execution plan; this could be thousands and thousands of rows. And although forcing hash joins somewhat alleviates this problem on our test systems, there's no guarantee that this will improve the execution time on customers' systems; it may even increase the time it takes (say, if all their tables are partitioned, or they've got a lot of materialized views). Ideally, we would want a solution that provides a speedup whatever the input. To try and get some ideas, we asked some oracle performance specialists to see if they had any ideas or tips. Their recommendation was to add a hidden hook into the product that allowed users to specify their own query hints, or even rewrite the queries entirely. However, we would prefer not to take that approach; as well as a lot of new infrastructure & a rewrite of the population code, it would have meant that any users of 9i would have to spend some time optimizing it to get it working on their system before they could use the product. Another approach was needed. All our population queries have a very specific pattern - a base table provides most of the information we need (ALL_TABLES for tables, or ALL_TAB_COLS for columns) and we do a left join to extra subsidiary tables that fill in gaps (for instance, ALL_PART_TABLES for partition information). All the left joins use the same set of columns to join on (typically the object owner & name), so we could re-use the hash information for each join, rather than re-hashing the same columns for every join. To allow us to do this, along with various other performance improvements that could be done for the specific query pattern we were using, we read all the tables individually and do a hash join on the client. Fortunately, this 'pure' algorithmic problem is the kind that can be very well optimized for expected real-world situations; as well as storing row data we're not using in the hash key on disk, we use very specific memory-efficient data structures to store all the information we need. This allows us to achieve a database population time that is as fast as on 10g, and even (in some situations) slightly faster, and a memory overhead of roughly 150 bytes per row of data in the result set (for schemas with 10,000 tables in that means an extra 1.4MB memory being used during population). Next: fun with the 9i dictionary views.

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  • Thread Management Object

    - by Gusdor
    I feel rather foolish as this is just a short question. I was reading about a bunch of thread management helper classes in .net, specifically one that aids the storage of threads to help a service manager object automatically invoke delegates onto the subscribing thread. I'm pretty sure it had something to do with creating dispatchers. Totally forgotten the name, can't find it :( Anyone know what I'm talking about?

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  • parser the xml and build a ui for user

    - by hguser
    Hi: Now I have to handle some xml in my java swing application. I have to build a swing ui according to the special schema ,then user can fill some values.After user completed,I will collect the information,validate the value and then build a xml file. For building xml file I can use the xmlbeans,however how to parse the schema and build a swing ui? Since the schema is rather complex. A schema can be found here: example schema I have to parser this schema,for the LiteralInputType ,a JTextArea should be built. However there are other types "complexType" and etc.. These types may not occur at the sametime. Some times only the LiteralInputType is needed,somethimes the ComplexType is needed,also maybe all of them are needed. So, how to implement it? Anyone can help me?

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  • Query two tables from different schema

    - by Guru
    Hi- I have two different schemas in Oracle (say S1, S2). And two tables in those schemas(say S1.Table1, S2.Table2). I want to query these two tables from schema S1. Both S1 and S2 are in different databases. From DB1 - Schema S1, I want to do something like this, select T1.Id from S1.Table1 T1 , S2.Table2 T2 Where T1.Id = T2.refId I know one way of doing this would be creating a DB Link for the second schema and use it in querying. But sadly, I don't have priv to create DB link. Is there some way to do without DB link, like, in TOAD, you can compare two schema objects. But again, two schema objects and it is general comparision. Not like querying them. Any ideas, suggestions are greatly appriciated. Thanks in advance.

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  • XML Schema - how do you conditionally require address elements? (street, city, state, etc)

    - by Sly
    If an address can be composed of child elements: Street, City, State, PostalCode...how do you allow this XML: <Address> <Street>Somestreet</Street> <PostalCode>zip</PostalCode> </Address> and allow this: <Address> <Street>Somestreet</Street> <City>San Jose</City> <State>CA</State> </Address> but not this: <Address> <Street>Somestreet</Street> <City>San Jose</City> </Address> What schema will do such things!?

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  • How could I do something like this in a XML schema?

    - by chobo2
    Hi I want to mass create some users and I want to set the users timezone automatically. However I am using timezones generated by this Dictionary<string, TimeZoneInfo> storeZoneName = TimeZoneInfo.GetSystemTimeZones().ToDictionary(z => z.DisplayName); So I need the names to be exactly like the ones this list returns. So can I put like a constraint on that xml node that the name has to exactly match one of the names. So I am guessing I will need to write this list somewhere in the file and that's what I am not sure if you can do something like that in a schema.

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  • can i write a schema that all XML are valid to it ?

    - by Gady
    Hi, i need to write a schema that all xml instances are valid to it. i tried: <xs:element name="Arguments"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:any namespace="##any" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" processContents="lax" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> but it enforces a root element named Arguments. is there a way for the root to be Any ?

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  • JVM memory management & garbage collection book?

    - by Max
    Hi. Could anyone advice a book (or any other source) that would thoroughly reveal internals of JVM memory management & garbage collection (optimization, work, circular references, pecularities, discussions for various JVM impls...)? [What I've found so far are separate articles devoted to various aspects but no weighty tome :). Some good materials for Hotspot implementation are here. ] Thanks a lot for any advice you give.

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  • Configuration Deployment to Linux Systems

    - by William
    Hello, I'm looking for a nice way to add / remote ips (and possibly interact with an asset inventory system to track where ips are), start / stop processes, download logs, and all around genearal system admin duties from one place. It's okay if I require more than 1 program. That would still be better than having 50 million terminals open and trying to trace ip assignments etc on whiteboards. I'd also like to know if anyone knows any good asset management programs. Best Regards, William

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  • Sql Server Managmenet Studio Alternative - Are there any?

    - by JohnM2
    I am looking for lightweight MS SQL Server Managmenet Studio (2005) alternative (open source/freeware is a bonus). Something more like HeidiSQL for MySQL. LINQPad is not an option (although it's great for learning Linq). It can only query database (and has many cons for my needs). I am looking for management/alteration functionality also, not only making queries and viewing the results.

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  • VM Build XML file fails to validate against OVF 1.0 schema

    - by siddharthgod
    For our product, we were trying to generate VM / vApp build XML from java code. For this purpose, we were using XML Beans. When we tried to generate JAVA classes for OVF envelope for 0.9 (ovf-envelope.xsd in schemas/ovf) it was successful. However these schemas does not allow us to add IPassignment section which is available in OVF 1.0. When we tried to compile 1.0 schema (ovfenv-vmware.xsd in schemas/ovf1.0.0e/vmware folder), we get validation errors. When we loaded this schema in schema editor we could see some validation errors. First error we saw was following: When we loaded ovfenv-vmware.xsd in XMLspy we could see following validation error in dsp8027.xsd - "cos-nonambig: makes the content model non-deterministic against . Possible causes: name equality, overlapping occurrence or substitution groups." Same error was also thrown by xmlbean while generating java classes from ovfenv-vmware.xsd. Is there any workaround for this problem?

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  • Alternatives to phpSchedule?

    - by paulw1128
    Currently we have a lightly customised version of phpSchedule for booking our development/test machines (including a raft of VMs), which no-one uses. It's slow, time-consuming to use, out of date, and therefore pretty much useless. Getting a new system in place suddenly appeared on the management radar, as there's been complaints that people are being blocked by not being able to get any machines to do development testing on (running our product on a desktop machine is not an option). Does anyone have any recommendations for alternative booking systems that are worth investigating?

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  • [C] Texture management / pointer question

    - by ndg
    I'm working on a texture management and animation solution for a small side project of mine. Although the project uses Allegro for rendering and input, my question mostly revolves around C and memory management. I wanted to post it here to get thoughts and insight into the approach, as I'm terrible when it comes to pointers. Essentially what I'm trying to do is load all of my texture resources into a central manager (textureManager) - which is essentially an array of structs containing ALLEGRO_BITMAP objects. The textures stored within the textureManager are mostly full sprite sheets. From there, I have an anim(ation) struct, which contains animation-specific information (along with a pointer to the corresponding texture within the textureManager). To give you an idea, here's how I setup and play the players 'walk' animation: createAnimation(&player.animations[0], "media/characters/player/walk.png", player.w, player.h); playAnimation(&player.animations[0], 10); Rendering the animations current frame is just a case of blitting a specific region of the sprite sheet stored in textureManager. For reference, here's the code for anim.h and anim.c. I'm sure what I'm doing here is probably a terrible approach for a number of reasons. I'd like to hear about them! Am I opening myself to any pitfalls? Will this work as I'm hoping? anim.h #ifndef ANIM_H #define ANIM_H #define ANIM_MAX_FRAMES 10 #define MAX_TEXTURES 50 struct texture { bool active; ALLEGRO_BITMAP *bmp; }; struct texture textureManager[MAX_TEXTURES]; typedef struct tAnim { ALLEGRO_BITMAP **sprite; int w, h; int curFrame, numFrames, frameCount; float delay; } anim; void setupTextureManager(void); int addTexture(char *filename); int createAnimation(anim *a, char *filename, int w, int h); void playAnimation(anim *a, float delay); void updateAnimation(anim *a); #endif anim.c void setupTextureManager() { int i = 0; for(i = 0; i < MAX_TEXTURES; i++) { textureManager[i].active = false; } } int addTextureToManager(char *filename) { int i = 0; for(i = 0; i < MAX_TEXTURES; i++) { if(!textureManager[i].active) { textureManager[i].bmp = al_load_bitmap(filename); textureManager[i].active = true; if(!textureManager[i].bmp) { printf("Error loading texture: %s", filename); return -1; } return i; } } return -1; } int createAnimation(anim *a, char *filename, int w, int h) { int textureId = addTextureToManager(filename); if(textureId > -1) { a->sprite = textureManager[textureId].bmp; a->w = w; a->h = h; a->numFrames = al_get_bitmap_width(a->sprite) / w; printf("Animation loaded with %i frames, given resource id: %i\n", a->numFrames, textureId); } else { printf("Texture manager full\n"); return 1; } return 0; } void playAnimation(anim *a, float delay) { a->curFrame = 0; a->frameCount = 0; a->delay = delay; } void updateAnimation(anim *a) { a->frameCount ++; if(a->frameCount >= a->delay) { a->frameCount = 0; a->curFrame ++; if(a->curFrame >= a->numFrames) { a->curFrame = 0; } } }

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  • Need help with a memory management problem in my game model

    - by user309030
    Hi, I'm a beginner level programmer trying to make a game app for the iphone and I've encountered a possible issue with the memory management (exc_bad_access) of my program so far. I've searched and read dozens of articles regarding memory management (including apple's docs) but I still can't figure out what exactly is wrong with my codes. So I would really appreciate it if someone can help clear up the mess I made for myself. //in the .h file @property(nonatomic,retain) NSMutableArray *fencePoleArray; @property(nonatomic,retain) NSMutableArray *fencePoleImageArray; @property(nonatomic,retain) NSMutableArray *fenceImageArray; //in the .m file - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; self.gameState = gameStatePaused; fencePoleArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; fencePoleImageArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; fenceImageArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; mainField = CGRectMake(10, 35, 310, 340); .......... [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:0.05 target:self selector:@selector(gameLoop) userInfo:nil repeats:YES]; } So basically, the player touches the screen to set up the fences/poles -(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { if(.......) { ....... } else { UITouch *touch = [[event allTouches] anyObject]; currentTapLoc = [touch locationInView:touch.view]; NSLog(@"%i, %i", (int)currentTapLoc.x, (int)currentTapLoc.y); if(CGRectContainsPoint(mainField, currentTapLoc)) { if([self checkFence]) { onFencePole++; //this 3 set functions adds their respective objects into the 3 NSMutableArrays using addObject: [self setFencePole]; [self setFenceImage]; [self setFencePoleImage]; ....... } } else { ....... } } } } The setFence function (setFenceImage and setFencePoleImage is similar to this) -(void)setFencePole { Fence *fencePole; if (!elecFence) { fencePole = [[Fence alloc] initFence:onFencePole fenceType:1 fencePos:currentTapLoc]; } else { fencePole = [[Fence alloc] initFence:onFencePole fenceType:2 fencePos:currentTapLoc]; } [fencePoleArray addObject:fencePole]; [fencePole release]; and whenever I press a button in the game, endOpenState is called to clear away all the extra images(fence/poles) on the screen and also to remove all existing objects in the 3 NSMutableArray. Point is to remove all the objects in the NSMutableArrays but keep the array itself so it can be reused later. -(void)endOpenState { ........ int xMax = [fencePoleArray count]; int yMax = [fenceImageArray count]; for (int x = 0; x < xMax; x++) { [[fencePoleImageArray objectAtIndex:x] removeFromSuperview]; } for (int y = 0; y < yMax; y++) { [[fenceImageArray objectAtIndex:y] removeFromSuperview]; } [fencePoleArray removeAllObjects]; [fencePoleImageArray removeAllObjects]; [fenceImageArray removeAllObjects]; ........ } The crash happens here at the checkFence function. -(BOOL)checkFence { if (onFencePole == 0) { return YES; } else if (onFencePole >= 1 && onFencePole < currentMaxFencePole - 1) { CGPoint tempPoint1 = currentTapLoc; CGPoint tempPoint2 = [[fencePoleArray objectAtIndex:onFencePole-1] returnPos]; // the crash happens at this line if ([self checkDistance:tempPoint1 point2:tempPoint2]) { return YES; } else { return NO; } } else if (onFencePole == currentMaxFencePole - 1) { ...... } else { return NO; } } So the problem here is, everything works fine until checkFence is called the 2nd time after endOpenState is called. So its like tap_screen - tap_screen - press_button_to_call_endOpenState - tap screen - tap_screen - crash What I'm thinking of is that fencePoleArray got messed up when I used [fencePoleArray removeAllObjects] because it doesn't crash when I comment it out. It would really be great if someone can explain to me what went wrong. And thanks in advance.

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  • Management Reporter Installation – Lessons Learned Part II - Dynamics GP

    - by Ryan McBee
    After feeling pretty good about my deployment skills of Management Reporter for Dynamics GP a few weeks ago, I ran into two additional lessons learned that I wanted to share. First, on another new deployment, I got the error shown below which says “An error occurred while creating the database.  View the installation log for additional information.”  This problem initially pointed me to KB 2406948 which did not provide resolution. After several hours of troubleshooting, I found there is an issue if the defaults database locations in SQL Server are set to the root of a drive. You will want to set the default to something like the following to get it installed; C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA.  My default database locations for the data and log files were indeed sitting on the H:\ and I:\ drives. To change this property in your SQL Server Instance you need to open SQL Server Management Studio, right click on the server, and choose properties and then database settings. When I initially got the error, I briefly considered creating the ManagementReporter database by hand, but experience tells me that would have created more headaches down the road. The second problem I ran into with this particular deployment of Management Reporter happened when I started the FRx conversion utility.  The errors reads “The ‘Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0’ provider is not registered on the local machine. I had a suspicion that this error was related to the fact FRx uses outdated technology and I happened to be on a new install of Server 2008 R2.  A knowledge base search quickly pointed me to KB 2102486. The resolution for this Management Reporter issue was to install the Microsoft Access Database Engine Redistributable, by following the site below. http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=C06B8369-60DD-4B64-A44B-84B371EDE16D&displaylang=en

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  • agile as our first project management methodology [closed]

    - by Hasan Khan
    we are a small web development company that has till now been working on client projects. we employed little to no project management and that has cost us a lot. we've used only the barest of tools (wireframing, prototyping etc) but no formal project management process has been put into place. we've learnt from our mistakes and want to prevent them from happening in the future. also, we are looking to develop our own products and we understand that putting in a proper project management paradigm will help. after a lot of research, we've sort of settled on agile for a few reasons: agile seems to scale well with team size. our team is small right now and we hope to grow and agile seems to be a process that we can put in place now and grow with. agile will help us with customers who just can't seem to make up their minds and keep changing requirements. we'd appreciate the community's thoughts on this. is this a correct way to think? will agile be a good system to put into place, where there has been none till now? are there any resources that may help us in our position? pretty much all of the resources that we've found start by comparing agile to x (where x = any management methodology) and why its better than x and how agile can be implemented in place of x. we're looking for resources that can help us out in our particular situation. thanks for all your help!

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  • Podcast Show Notes: Redefining Information Management Architecture

    - by Bob Rhubart-Oracle
    Nothing in IT stands still, and this is certainly true of business intelligence and information management. Big Data has certainly had an impact, as have Hadoop and other technologies. That evolution was the catalyst for the collaborative effort behind a new Information Management Reference Architecture. The latest OTN ArchBeat series features a conversation with Andrew Bond, Stewart Bryson, and Mark Rittman, key players in that collaboration. These three gentlemen know each other quite well, which comes across in a conversation that is as lively and entertaining as it is informative. But don't take my work for it. Listen for yourself! The Panelists(Listed alphabetically) Andrew Bond, head of Enterprise Architecture at Oracle Oracle ACE Director Stewart Bryson, owner and Co-Founder of Red Pill Analytics Oracle ACE Director Mark Rittman, CIO and Co-Founder of Rittman Mead The Conversation Listen to Part 1: The panel discusses how new thinking and new technologies were the catalyst for a new approach to business intelligence projects. Listen to Part 2: Why taking an "API" approach is important in building an agile data factory. Listen to Part 3: Shadow IT, "sandboxing," and how organizational changes are driving the evolution in information management architecture. Additional Resources The Reference Architecture that is the focus of this conversation is described in detail in these blog posts by Mark Rittman: Introducing the Updated Oracle / Rittman Mead Information Management Reference Architecture Part 1: Information Architecture and the Data Factory Part 2: Delivering the Data Factory Be a Guest Producer for an ArchBeat Podcast Want to be a guest producer for an OTN ArchBeat podcast? Click here to learn how to make it happen.

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  • SSIS Denali as part of “Enterprise Information Management”

    - by jorg
    When watching the SQL PASS session “What’s Coming Next in SSIS?” of Steve Swartz, the Group Program Manager for the SSIS team, an interesting question came up: Why is SSIS thought of to be BI, when we use it so frequently for other sorts of data problems? The answer of Steve was that he breaks the world of data work into three parts: Process of inputs BI   Enterprise Information Management All the work you have to do when you have a lot of data to make it useful and clean and get it to the right place. This covers master data management, data quality work, data integration and lineage analysis to keep track of where the data came from. All of these are part of Enterprise Information Management. Next, Steve told Microsoft is developing SSIS as part of a large push in all of these areas in the next release of SQL. So SSIS will be, next to a BI tool, part of Enterprise Information Management in the next release of SQL Server. I'm interested in the different ways people use SSIS, I've basically used it for ETL, data migrations and processing inputs. In which ways did you use SSIS?

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  • Reference Data Management

    - by rahulkamath
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Increasingly, DRM is also being utilized by Oracle customers for reference data management, an emerging solution space that deserves some explanation. What is reference data? Reference data is a close cousin of master data. While master data may be more rapidly changing, requires consensus building across stakeholders and lends structure to business transactions, reference data is simpler, more slowly changing, but has semantic content that is used to categorize or group other information assets – including master data – and give them contextual value. The following table contains an illustrative list of examples of reference data by type. Reference data types may include types and codes, business taxonomies, complex relationships & cross-domain mappings or standards. Types & Codes Taxonomies Relationships / Mappings Standards Transaction Codes Industry Classification Categories and Codes, e.g., North America Industry Classification System (NAICS) Product / Segment; Product / Geo Calendars (e.g., Gregorian, Fiscal, Manufacturing, Retail, ISO8601) Lookup Tables (e.g., Gender, Marital Status, etc.) Product Categories City à State à Postal Codes Currency Codes (e.g., ISO) Status Codes Sales Territories (e.g., Geo, Industry Verticals, Named Accounts, Federal/State/Local/Defense) Customer / Market Segment; Business Unit / Channel Country Codes (e.g., ISO 3166, UN) Role Codes Market Segments Country Codes / Currency Codes / Financial Accounts Date/Time, Time Zones (e.g., ISO 8601) Domain Values Universal Standard Products and Services Classification (UNSPSC), eCl@ss International Classification of Diseases (ICD) e.g., ICD9 à IC10 mappings Tax Rates Why manage reference data? Reference data carries contextual value and meaning and therefore its use can drive business logic that helps execute a business process, create a desired application behavior or provide meaningful segmentation to analyze transaction data. Further, mapping reference data often requires human judgment. Sample Use Cases of Reference Data Management Healthcare: Diagnostic Codes The reference data challenges in the healthcare industry offer a case in point. Part of being HIPAA compliant requires medical practitioners to transition diagnosis codes from ICD-9 to ICD-10, a medical coding scheme used to classify diseases, signs and symptoms, causes, etc. The transition to ICD-10 has a significant impact on business processes, procedures, contracts, and IT systems. Since both code sets ICD-9 and ICD-10 offer diagnosis codes of very different levels of granularity, human judgment is required to map ICD-9 codes to ICD-10. The process requires collaboration and consensus building among stakeholders much in the same way as does master data management. Moreover, to build reports to understand utilization, frequency and quality of diagnoses, medical practitioners may need to “cross-walk” mappings -- either forward to ICD-10 or backwards to ICD-9 depending upon the reporting time horizon. Spend Management: Product, Service & Supplier Codes Similarly, as an enterprise looks to rationalize suppliers and leverage their spend, conforming supplier codes, as well as product and service codes requires supporting multiple classification schemes that may include industry standards (e.g., UNSPSC, eCl@ss) or enterprise taxonomies. Aberdeen Group estimates that 90% of companies rely on spreadsheets and manual reviews to aggregate, classify and analyze spend data, and that data management activities account for 12-15% of the sourcing cycle and consume 30-50% of a commodity manager’s time. Creating a common map across the extended enterprise to rationalize codes across procurement, accounts payable, general ledger, credit card, procurement card (P-card) as well as ACH and bank systems can cut sourcing costs, improve compliance, lower inventory stock, and free up talent to focus on value added tasks. Specialty Finance: Point of Sales Transaction Codes and Product Codes In the specialty finance industry, enterprises are confronted with usury laws – governed at the state and local level – that regulate financial product innovation as it relates to consumer loans, check cashing and pawn lending. To comply, it is important to demonstrate that transactions booked at the point of sale are posted against valid product codes that were on offer at the time of booking the sale. Since new products are being released at a steady stream, it is important to ensure timely and accurate mapping of point-of-sale transaction codes with the appropriate product and GL codes to comply with the changing regulations. Multi-National Companies: Industry Classification Schemes As companies grow and expand across geographies, a typical challenge they encounter with reference data represents reconciling various versions of industry classification schemes in use across nations. While the United States, Mexico and Canada conform to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) standard, European Union countries choose different variants of the NACE industry classification scheme. Multi-national companies must manage the individual national NACE schemes and reconcile the differences across countries. Enterprises must invest in a reference data change management application to address the challenge of distributing reference data changes to downstream applications and assess which applications were impacted by a given change.

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  • Leading Analyst Firm Positions Oracle in Leaders Quadrant for Web Content Management

    - by Christie Flanagan
    Gartner, Inc. has named Oracle a Leader in its latest “Magic Quadrant for Web Content Management.” Gartner’s Magic Quadrants position vendors within a particular quadrant based on their completeness of vision and their ability to execute on that vision. According to Gartner, “WCM plays an increasingly important role in business performance. It has become the central point of coordination for initiatives involving the enterprise's online presence, and these initiatives have become more sophisticated and more important to enterprises' business strategies. Thus, WCM is key for organizations wishing to execute a strategy of OCO (online channel optimization) that embraces areas such as customer experience management, e-commerce, digital marketing, multichannel marketing and website consolidation.” Gartner continued, “Leaders should drive market transformation. Leaders have the highest combined scores for Ability to Execute and Completeness of Vision. They are doing well and are prepared for the future with a clear vision and a thorough appreciation of the broader context of OCO. They have strong channel partners, a presence in multiple regions, consistent financial performance, broad platform support and good customer support. In addition, they dominate in one or more technologies or vertical markets. Leaders are aware of the ecosystem in which their offerings need to fit. Leaders can: demonstrate enterprise deployments’ offer integration with other business applications and content repositories; provide a vertical-process or horizontal-solution focus.” Oracle WebCenter, the engagement platform powering exceptional experiences for customers, employees and partners, connects people and information by bringing together the most complete portfolio of portal, Web experience management, content, social, and collaboration technologies into a single integrated product suite. Oracle WebCenter also provides the foundation for Oracle Fusion Middleware and Oracle Fusion Applications to deliver a next-generation user experience.  To see the latest reports, webcasts and demonstrations about Oracle's web experience management solution, Oracle WebCenter Sites, please visit our Connected Customer Experience Resource Center.

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