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  • Is it necessary to change the default users and groups in VMware esxi 4.0 in order to have a secure

    - by Teevus
    By default esxi creates a number of users and groups including: daemon nfsnobody root nobody vimuser dcui How secure is this default security setup? Besides changing the root password, is it advisable to modify the default users and groups? E.g. does esxi use default passwords for the accounts or anything else that could be exploited by malicious users? My scenario is very basic and I don't require any custom users or groups as only sysadmins will ever need to administer the virtual infrastructure, and they can do so using the root account. Thanks

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  • What is the most secure way to set up a mysql user for Wordpress?

    - by Sinthia V
    I am setting up Subdomain based MU on my domain.Everything is hosted by me running on one CentOS/Webmin VPS. Will I be better off setting the MySQL user's domain as localhost, 127.0.0.1 or with a wildcard %.mydomain.com? Which is more secure? Is localhost === 127.0.0.1? If not what is the difference? Also, what is my domain from MySQL's or Wordpress' pov when I am connected by ssh terminal? How about When I connect by Webmin or Usermin? Does MySQL see me as Webmin or my Unix user?

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  • How to save image drawn on a JPanel?

    - by swift
    I have a panel with transparent background which i use to draw an image. now problem here is when i draw anything on panel and save the image as a JPEG file its saving the image with black background but i want it to be saved as same, as i draw on the panel. what should be done for this? plz guide me j Client.java public class Client extends Thread { static DatagramSocket datasocket; static DatagramSocket socket; Point point; Whiteboard board; Virtualboard virtualboard; JLayeredPane layerpane; BufferedImage image; public Client(DatagramSocket datasocket) { Client.datasocket=datasocket; } //This function is responsible to connect to the server public static void connect() { try { socket=new DatagramSocket (9000); //client connection socket port= 9000 datasocket=new DatagramSocket (9005); //client data socket port= 9002 ByteArrayOutputStream baos=new ByteArrayOutputStream(); DataOutputStream dos=new DataOutputStream(baos); //this is to tell server that this is a connection request dos.writeChar('c'); dos.close(); byte[]data=baos.toByteArray(); //Server IP address InetAddress ip=InetAddress.getByName("10.123.97.154"); //create the UDP packet DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(data, data.length,ip , 8000); socket.send(packet); Client client=new Client(datasocket); client.createFrame(); client.run(); } catch(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } //This function is to create the JFrame public void createFrame() { JFrame frame=new JFrame("Whiteboard"); frame.setVisible(true); frame.setBackground(Color.black); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setSize(680,501); frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {} public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { close(); } }); layerpane=frame.getLayeredPane(); board= new Whiteboard(datasocket); image = new BufferedImage(590,463, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB); board.setBounds(74,2,590,463); board.setImage(image); virtualboard=new Virtualboard(); virtualboard.setImage(image); virtualboard.setBounds(74,2,590,463); layerpane.add(virtualboard,new Integer(2));//Panel where remote user draws layerpane.add(board,new Integer(3)); layerpane.add(board.colourButtons(),new Integer(1)); layerpane.add(board.shapeButtons(),new Integer(0)); //frame.add(paper.addButtons(),BorderLayout.WEST); } /* * This function is overridden from the thread class * This function listens for incoming packets from the server * which contains the points drawn by the other client */ public void run () { while (true) { try { byte[] buffer = new byte[512]; DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length); datasocket.receive(packet); InputStream in=new ByteArrayInputStream(packet.getData(), packet.getOffset(),packet.getLength()); DataInputStream din=new DataInputStream(in); int x=din.readInt(); int y=din.readInt(); String varname=din.readLine(); String var[]=varname.split("-",4); point=new Point(x,y); virtualboard.addPoint(point, var[0], var[1],var[2],var[3]); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } } //This function is to broadcast the newly drawn point to the server public void broadcast (Point p,String varname,String shape,String event, String color) { try { ByteArrayOutputStream baos=new ByteArrayOutputStream(); DataOutputStream dos=new DataOutputStream(baos); dos.writeInt(p.x); dos.writeInt(p.y); dos.writeBytes(varname); dos.writeBytes("-"); dos.writeBytes(shape); dos.writeBytes("-"); dos.writeBytes(event); dos.writeBytes("-"); dos.writeBytes(color); dos.close(); byte[]data=baos.toByteArray(); InetAddress ip=InetAddress.getByName("10.123.97.154"); DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(data, data.length,ip , 8002); datasocket.send(packet); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } //This function is to close the client's connection with the server public void close() { try { ByteArrayOutputStream baos=new ByteArrayOutputStream(); DataOutputStream dos=new DataOutputStream(baos); //This is to tell server that this is request to remove the client dos.writeChar('r'); dos.close(); byte[]data=baos.toByteArray(); //Server IP address InetAddress ip=InetAddress.getByName("10.123.97.154"); DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(data, data.length,ip , 8000); socket.send(packet); System.out.println("closed"); } catch(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { connect(); } } Whiteboard.java class Whiteboard extends JPanel implements MouseListener,MouseMotionListener,ActionListener,KeyListener { BufferedImage image; Boolean tooltip=false; int post; String shape; String selectedcolor="black"; Color color=Color.black; //Color color=Color.white; Point start; Point end; Point mp; Point tip; int keycode; String fillshape; Point fillstart=new Point(); Point fillend=new Point(); int noofside; Button r=new Button("rect"); Button rectangle=new Button("rect"); Button line=new Button("line"); Button roundrect=new Button("roundrect"); Button polygon=new Button("poly"); Button text=new Button("text"); JButton save=new JButton("Save"); Button elipse=new Button("elipse"); ImageIcon fillicon=new ImageIcon("images/fill.jpg"); JButton fill=new JButton(fillicon); ImageIcon erasericon=new ImageIcon("images/eraser.gif"); JButton erase=new JButton(erasericon); JButton[] colourbutton=new JButton[28]; String selected; Point label; String key=""; int ex,ey;//eraser DatagramSocket dataSocket; JButton button = new JButton("test"); Client client; Boolean first; int w,h; public Whiteboard(DatagramSocket dataSocket) { try { UIManager.setLookAndFeel( UIManager.getCrossPlatformLookAndFeelClassName()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } setLayout(null); setOpaque(false); setBackground(new Color(237,237,237)); this.dataSocket=dataSocket; client=new Client(dataSocket); addKeyListener(this); addMouseListener(this); addMouseMotionListener(this); setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.black)); } public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { try { super.paintComponent(g); g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, this); Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g; if(color!=null) g2.setPaint(color); if(start!=null && end!=null) { if(selected==("elipse")) g2.drawOval(start.x, start.y,(end.x-start.x),(end.y-start.y)); else if(selected==("rect")) g2.drawRect(start.x, start.y, (end.x-start.x),(end.y-start.y)); else if(selected==("rrect")) g2.drawRoundRect(start.x, start.y, (end.x-start.x),(end.y-start.y),11,11); else if(selected==("line")) g2.drawLine(start.x,start.y,end.x,end.y); else if(selected==("poly")) { g2.drawLine(start.x,start.y,end.x,end.y); client.broadcast(start, "start", "poly", "drag", selectedcolor); client.broadcast(end, "end", "poly", "drag", selectedcolor); } } if(tooltip==true) { System.out.println(selected); if(selected=="text") { g2.drawString("|", tip.x, tip.y-5); g2.drawString("Click to add text", tip.x+10, tip.y+23); g2.drawString("__", label.x+post, label.y); } if(selected=="erase") { g2.setPaint(new Color(237,237,237)); g2.fillRect(tip.x-10,tip.y-10,10,10); g2.setPaint(color); g2.drawRect(tip.x-10,tip.y-10,10,10); } } } catch(Exception e) {} } //Function to draw the shape on image public void draw() { Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) image.createGraphics(); Font font=new Font("Times New Roman",Font.PLAIN,14); g2.setFont(font); g2.setPaint(color); if(start!=null && end!=null) { if(selected=="line") g2.drawLine(start.x, start.y, end.x, end.y); else if(selected=="elipse") g2.drawOval(start.x, start.y, (end.x-start.x),(end.y-start.y)); else if(selected=="rect") g2.drawRect(start.x, start.y, (end.x-start.x),(end.y-start.y)); else if(selected==("rrect")) g2.drawRoundRect(start.x, start.y, (end.x-start.x),(end.y-start.y),11,11); else if(selected==("poly")) { g2.drawLine(start.x,start.y,end.x,end.y); client.broadcast(start, "start", "poly", "release", selectedcolor); client.broadcast(end, "end", "poly", "release", selectedcolor); } fillstart=start; fillend=end; fillshape=selected; } if(selected!="poly") { start=null; end=null; } if(label!=null) { if(selected==("text")) { g2.drawString(key,label.x,label.y); client.broadcast(label, key, "text", "release", selectedcolor); } } repaint(); g2.dispose(); } //Function which provides the erase functionality public void erase() { Graphics2D pic=(Graphics2D) image.createGraphics(); Color erasecolor=new Color(237,237,237); pic.setPaint(erasecolor); if(start!=null) pic.fillRect(start.x-10, start.y-10, 10, 10); } //To set the size of the image public void setImage(BufferedImage image) { this.image = image; } //Function to add buttons into the panel, calling this function returns a panel public JPanel shapeButtons() { JPanel shape=new JPanel(); shape.setBackground(new Color(181, 197, 210)); shape.setLayout(new GridLayout(5,2,2,4)); shape.setBounds(0, 2, 74, 166); rectangle.addActionListener(this); rectangle.setToolTipText("Rectangle"); line.addActionListener( this); line.setToolTipText("Line"); erase.addActionListener(this); erase.setToolTipText("Eraser"); roundrect.addActionListener(this); roundrect.setToolTipText("Round edge Rectangle"); polygon.addActionListener(this); polygon.setToolTipText("Polygon"); text.addActionListener(this); text.setToolTipText("Text"); fill.addActionListener(this); fill.setToolTipText("Fill with colour"); elipse.addActionListener(this); elipse.setToolTipText("Elipse"); save.addActionListener(this); shape.add(elipse); shape.add(rectangle); shape.add(roundrect); shape.add(polygon); shape.add(line); shape.add(text); shape.add(fill); shape.add(erase); shape.add(save); return shape; } public JPanel colourButtons() { JPanel colourbox=new JPanel(); colourbox.setBackground(new Color(181, 197, 210)); colourbox.setLayout(new GridLayout(8,2,8,8)); colourbox.setBounds(0,323,70,140); //colourbox.add(empty); for(int i=0;i<16;i++) { colourbutton[i]=new JButton(); colourbox.add(colourbutton[i]); if(i==0) colourbutton[0].setBackground(Color.black); else if(i==1) colourbutton[1].setBackground(Color.white); else if(i==2) colourbutton[2].setBackground(Color.red); else if(i==3) colourbutton[3].setBackground(Color.orange); else if(i==4) colourbutton[4].setBackground(Color.blue); else if(i==5) colourbutton[5].setBackground(Color.green); else if(i==6) colourbutton[6].setBackground(Color.pink); else if(i==7) colourbutton[7].setBackground(Color.magenta); else if(i==8) colourbutton[8].setBackground(Color.cyan); else if(i==9) colourbutton[9].setBackground(Color.black); else if(i==10) colourbutton[10].setBackground(Color.yellow); else if(i==11) colourbutton[11].setBackground(new Color(131,168,43)); else if(i==12) colourbutton[12].setBackground(new Color(132,0,210)); else if(i==13) colourbutton[13].setBackground(new Color(193,17,92)); else if(i==14) colourbutton[14].setBackground(new Color(129,82,50)); else if(i==15) colourbutton[15].setBackground(new Color(64,128,128)); colourbutton[i].addActionListener(this); } return colourbox; } public void fill() { if(selected=="fill") { Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics(); g2.setPaint(color); System.out.println("Fill"); if(fillshape=="elipse") g2.fillOval(fillstart.x, fillstart.y, (fillend.x-fillstart.x),(fillend.y-fillstart.y)); else if(fillshape=="rect") g2.fillRect(fillstart.x, fillstart.y, (fillend.x-fillstart.x),(fillend.y-fillstart.y)); else if(fillshape==("rrect")) g2.fillRoundRect(fillstart.x, fillstart.y, (fillend.x-fillstart.x),(fillend.y-fillstart.y),11,11); // else if(fillshape==("poly")) // g2.drawPolygon(x,y,2); } repaint(); } //To save the image drawn public void save() { try { ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); JPEGImageEncoder encoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(bos); JFileChooser fc = new JFileChooser(); fc.showSaveDialog(this); encoder.encode(image); byte[] jpgData = bos.toByteArray(); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(fc.getSelectedFile()+".jpeg"); fos.write(jpgData); fos.close(); //add replce confirmation here } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e); } } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { } @Override public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) { } public void mouseExited(MouseEvent arg0) { } public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { if(selected=="line"||selected=="text") { start=e.getPoint(); client.broadcast(start,"start", selected,"press", selectedcolor); } else if(selected=="elipse"||selected=="rect"||selected=="rrect") mp = e.getPoint(); else if(selected=="poly") { if(first==true) { start=e.getPoint(); //client.broadcast(start,"start", selected,"press", selectedcolor); } else if(first==false) { end=e.getPoint(); repaint(); //client.broadcast(end,"end", selected,"press", selectedcolor); } } else if(selected=="erase") { start=e.getPoint(); erase(); } } public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) { if(selected=="text") { System.out.println("Reset"); key=""; post=0; label=new Point(); label=e.getPoint(); grabFocus(); } if(start!=null && end!=null) { if(selected=="line") { end=e.getPoint(); client.broadcast(end,"end", selected,"release", selectedcolor); draw(); } else if(selected=="elipse"||selected=="rect"||selected=="rrect") { end.x = Math.max(mp.x,e.getX()); end.y = Math.max(mp.y,e.getY()); client.broadcast(end,"end", selected,"release", selectedcolor); draw(); } else if(selected=="poly") { draw(); first=false; start=end; end=null; } } } public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) { if(end==null) end = new Point(); if(start==null) start = new Point(); if(selected=="line") { end=e.getPoint(); client.broadcast(end,"end", selected,"drag", selectedcolor); } else if(selected=="erase") { start=e.getPoint(); erase(); client.broadcast(start,"start", selected,"drag", selectedcolor); } else if(selected=="elipse"||selected=="rect"||selected=="rrect") { start.x = Math.min(mp.x,e.getX()); start.y = Math.min(mp.y,e.getY()); end.x = Math.max(mp.x,e.getX()); end.y = Math.max(mp.y,e.getY()); client.broadcast(start,"start", selected,"drag", selectedcolor); client.broadcast(end,"end", selected,"drag", selectedcolor); } else if(selected=="poly") end=e.getPoint(); System.out.println(tooltip); if(tooltip==true) { if(selected=="erase") { Graphics2D g2=(Graphics2D) getGraphics(); tip=e.getPoint(); g2.drawRect(tip.x-10,tip.y-10,10,10); } } repaint(); } public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) { if(selected=="text" ||selected=="erase") { tip=new Point(); tip=e.getPoint(); tooltip=true; repaint(); } } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { if(e.getSource()==elipse) selected="elipse"; else if(e.getSource()==line) selected="line"; else if(e.getSource()==rectangle) selected="rect"; else if(e.getSource()==erase) { selected="erase"; tooltip=true; System.out.println(selected); erase(); } else if(e.getSource()==roundrect) selected="rrect"; else if(e.getSource()==polygon) { selected="poly"; first=true; start=null; } else if(e.getSource()==text) { selected="text"; tooltip=true; } else if(e.getSource()==fill) { selected="fill"; fill(); } else if(e.getSource()==save) save(); if(e.getSource()==colourbutton[0]) { color=Color.black; selectedcolor="black"; } else if(e.getSource()==colourbutton[1]) { color=Color.white; selectedcolor="white"; } else if(e.getSource()==colourbutton[2]) { color=Color.red; selectedcolor="red"; } else if(e.getSource()==colourbutton[3]) { color=Color.orange; selectedcolor="orange"; } else if(e.getSource()==colourbutton[4]) { selectedcolor="blue"; color=Color.blue; } else if(e.getSource()==colourbutton[5]) { selectedcolor="green"; color=Color.green; } else if(e.getSource()==colourbutton[6]) { selectedcolor="pink"; color=Color.pink; } else if(e.getSource()==colourbutton[7]) { selectedcolor="magenta"; color=Color.magenta; } else if(e.getSource()==colourbutton[8]) { selectedcolor="cyan"; color=Color.cyan; } } @Override public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) { //System.out.println(e.getKeyChar()+" : "+e.getKeyCode()); if(label!=null) { if(e.getKeyCode()==10) //Check for Enter key { label.y=label.y+14; key=""; post=0; repaint(); } else if(e.getKeyCode()==8) //Backspace { try{ Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics(); g2.setPaint(new Color(237,237,237)); g2.fillRect(label.x+post-7, label.y-13, 14, 17); if(post>0) post=post-6; keycode=0; key=key.substring(0, key.length()-1); System.out.println(key.substring(0, key.length())); repaint(); Point broadcastlabel=new Point(); broadcastlabel.x=label.x+post-7; broadcastlabel.y=label.y-13; client.broadcast(broadcastlabel, key, "text", "backspace", selectedcolor); } catch(Exception ex) {} } //Block invalid keys else if(!(e.getKeyCode()>=16 && e.getKeyCode()<=20 || e.getKeyCode()>=112 && e.getKeyCode()<=123 || e.getKeyCode()>=33 && e.getKeyCode()<=40 || e.getKeyCode()>=144 && e.getKeyCode()<=145 || e.getKeyCode()>=524 && e.getKeyCode()<=525 ||e.getKeyCode()==27||e.getKeyCode()==155 ||e.getKeyCode()==127)) { key=key+e.getKeyChar(); post=post+6; draw(); } } } @Override public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) { } @Override public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) { } } class Button extends JButton { String name; int i; public Button(String name) { this.name=name; try { UIManager.setLookAndFeel("com.sun.java.swing.plaf.windows.WindowsLookAndFeel"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public Button(int i) { this.i=i; } public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { super.paintComponent(g); Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g; g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); //g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(1.2f)); if (name == "line") g.drawLine(5,5,30,30); if (name == "elipse") g.drawOval(5,7,25,20); if (name== "rect") g.drawRect(5,5,25,23); if (name== "roundrect") g.drawRoundRect(5,5,25,23,10,10); int a[]=new int[]{20,9,20,23,20}; int b[]=new int[]{9,23,25,20,9}; if (name== "poly") g.drawPolyline(a, b, 5); if (name== "text") g.drawString("Text",8, 24); } }

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  • Toorcon 15 (2013)

    - by danx
    The Toorcon gang (senior staff): h1kari (founder), nfiltr8, and Geo Introduction to Toorcon 15 (2013) A Tale of One Software Bypass of MS Windows 8 Secure Boot Breaching SSL, One Byte at a Time Running at 99%: Surviving an Application DoS Security Response in the Age of Mass Customized Attacks x86 Rewriting: Defeating RoP and other Shinanighans Clowntown Express: interesting bugs and running a bug bounty program Active Fingerprinting of Encrypted VPNs Making Attacks Go Backwards Mask Your Checksums—The Gorry Details Adventures with weird machines thirty years after "Reflections on Trusting Trust" Introduction to Toorcon 15 (2013) Toorcon 15 is the 15th annual security conference held in San Diego. I've attended about a third of them and blogged about previous conferences I attended here starting in 2003. As always, I've only summarized the talks I attended and interested me enough to write about them. Be aware that I may have misrepresented the speaker's remarks and that they are not my remarks or opinion, or those of my employer, so don't quote me or them. Those seeking further details may contact the speakers directly or use The Google. For some talks, I have a URL for further information. A Tale of One Software Bypass of MS Windows 8 Secure Boot Andrew Furtak and Oleksandr Bazhaniuk Yuri Bulygin, Oleksandr ("Alex") Bazhaniuk, and (not present) Andrew Furtak Yuri and Alex talked about UEFI and Bootkits and bypassing MS Windows 8 Secure Boot, with vendor recommendations. They previously gave this talk at the BlackHat 2013 conference. MS Windows 8 Secure Boot Overview UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) is interface between hardware and OS. UEFI is processor and architecture independent. Malware can replace bootloader (bootx64.efi, bootmgfw.efi). Once replaced can modify kernel. Trivial to replace bootloader. Today many legacy bootkits—UEFI replaces them most of them. MS Windows 8 Secure Boot verifies everything you load, either through signatures or hashes. UEFI firmware relies on secure update (with signed update). You would think Secure Boot would rely on ROM (such as used for phones0, but you can't do that for PCs—PCs use writable memory with signatures DXE core verifies the UEFI boat loader(s) OS Loader (winload.efi, winresume.efi) verifies the OS kernel A chain of trust is established with a root key (Platform Key, PK), which is a cert belonging to the platform vendor. Key Exchange Keys (KEKs) verify an "authorized" database (db), and "forbidden" database (dbx). X.509 certs with SHA-1/SHA-256 hashes. Keys are stored in non-volatile (NV) flash-based NVRAM. Boot Services (BS) allow adding/deleting keys (can't be accessed once OS starts—which uses Run-Time (RT)). Root cert uses RSA-2048 public keys and PKCS#7 format signatures. SecureBoot — enable disable image signature checks SetupMode — update keys, self-signed keys, and secure boot variables CustomMode — allows updating keys Secure Boot policy settings are: always execute, never execute, allow execute on security violation, defer execute on security violation, deny execute on security violation, query user on security violation Attacking MS Windows 8 Secure Boot Secure Boot does NOT protect from physical access. Can disable from console. Each BIOS vendor implements Secure Boot differently. There are several platform and BIOS vendors. It becomes a "zoo" of implementations—which can be taken advantage of. Secure Boot is secure only when all vendors implement it correctly. Allow only UEFI firmware signed updates protect UEFI firmware from direct modification in flash memory protect FW update components program SPI controller securely protect secure boot policy settings in nvram protect runtime api disable compatibility support module which allows unsigned legacy Can corrupt the Platform Key (PK) EFI root certificate variable in SPI flash. If PK is not found, FW enters setup mode wich secure boot turned off. Can also exploit TPM in a similar manner. One is not supposed to be able to directly modify the PK in SPI flash from the OS though. But they found a bug that they can exploit from User Mode (undisclosed) and demoed the exploit. It loaded and ran their own bootkit. The exploit requires a reboot. Multiple vendors are vulnerable. They will disclose this exploit to vendors in the future. Recommendations: allow only signed updates protect UEFI fw in ROM protect EFI variable store in ROM Breaching SSL, One Byte at a Time Yoel Gluck and Angelo Prado Angelo Prado and Yoel Gluck, Salesforce.com CRIME is software that performs a "compression oracle attack." This is possible because the SSL protocol doesn't hide length, and because SSL compresses the header. CRIME requests with every possible character and measures the ciphertext length. Look for the plaintext which compresses the most and looks for the cookie one byte-at-a-time. SSL Compression uses LZ77 to reduce redundancy. Huffman coding replaces common byte sequences with shorter codes. US CERT thinks the SSL compression problem is fixed, but it isn't. They convinced CERT that it wasn't fixed and they issued a CVE. BREACH, breachattrack.com BREACH exploits the SSL response body (Accept-Encoding response, Content-Encoding). It takes advantage of the fact that the response is not compressed. BREACH uses gzip and needs fairly "stable" pages that are static for ~30 seconds. It needs attacker-supplied content (say from a web form or added to a URL parameter). BREACH listens to a session's requests and responses, then inserts extra requests and responses. Eventually, BREACH guesses a session's secret key. Can use compression to guess contents one byte at-a-time. For example, "Supersecret SupersecreX" (a wrong guess) compresses 10 bytes, and "Supersecret Supersecret" (a correct guess) compresses 11 bytes, so it can find each character by guessing every character. To start the guess, BREACH needs at least three known initial characters in the response sequence. Compression length then "leaks" information. Some roadblocks include no winners (all guesses wrong) or too many winners (multiple possibilities that compress the same). The solutions include: lookahead (guess 2 or 3 characters at-a-time instead of 1 character). Expensive rollback to last known conflict check compression ratio can brute-force first 3 "bootstrap" characters, if needed (expensive) block ciphers hide exact plain text length. Solution is to align response in advance to block size Mitigations length: use variable padding secrets: dynamic CSRF tokens per request secret: change over time separate secret to input-less servlets Future work eiter understand DEFLATE/GZIP HTTPS extensions Running at 99%: Surviving an Application DoS Ryan Huber Ryan Huber, Risk I/O Ryan first discussed various ways to do a denial of service (DoS) attack against web services. One usual method is to find a slow web page and do several wgets. Or download large files. Apache is not well suited at handling a large number of connections, but one can put something in front of it Can use Apache alternatives, such as nginx How to identify malicious hosts short, sudden web requests user-agent is obvious (curl, python) same url requested repeatedly no web page referer (not normal) hidden links. hide a link and see if a bot gets it restricted access if not your geo IP (unless the website is global) missing common headers in request regular timing first seen IP at beginning of attack count requests per hosts (usually a very large number) Use of captcha can mitigate attacks, but you'll lose a lot of genuine users. Bouncer, goo.gl/c2vyEc and www.github.com/rawdigits/Bouncer Bouncer is software written by Ryan in netflow. Bouncer has a small, unobtrusive footprint and detects DoS attempts. It closes blacklisted sockets immediately (not nice about it, no proper close connection). Aggregator collects requests and controls your web proxies. Need NTP on the front end web servers for clean data for use by bouncer. Bouncer is also useful for a popularity storm ("Slashdotting") and scraper storms. Future features: gzip collection data, documentation, consumer library, multitask, logging destroyed connections. Takeaways: DoS mitigation is easier with a complete picture Bouncer designed to make it easier to detect and defend DoS—not a complete cure Security Response in the Age of Mass Customized Attacks Peleus Uhley and Karthik Raman Peleus Uhley and Karthik Raman, Adobe ASSET, blogs.adobe.com/asset/ Peleus and Karthik talked about response to mass-customized exploits. Attackers behave much like a business. "Mass customization" refers to concept discussed in the book Future Perfect by Stan Davis of Harvard Business School. Mass customization is differentiating a product for an individual customer, but at a mass production price. For example, the same individual with a debit card receives basically the same customized ATM experience around the world. Or designing your own PC from commodity parts. Exploit kits are another example of mass customization. The kits support multiple browsers and plugins, allows new modules. Exploit kits are cheap and customizable. Organized gangs use exploit kits. A group at Berkeley looked at 77,000 malicious websites (Grier et al., "Manufacturing Compromise: The Emergence of Exploit-as-a-Service", 2012). They found 10,000 distinct binaries among them, but derived from only a dozen or so exploit kits. Characteristics of Mass Malware: potent, resilient, relatively low cost Technical characteristics: multiple OS, multipe payloads, multiple scenarios, multiple languages, obfuscation Response time for 0-day exploits has gone down from ~40 days 5 years ago to about ~10 days now. So the drive with malware is towards mass customized exploits, to avoid detection There's plenty of evicence that exploit development has Project Manager bureaucracy. They infer from the malware edicts to: support all versions of reader support all versions of windows support all versions of flash support all browsers write large complex, difficult to main code (8750 lines of JavaScript for example Exploits have "loose coupling" of multipe versions of software (adobe), OS, and browser. This allows specific attacks against specific versions of multiple pieces of software. Also allows exploits of more obscure software/OS/browsers and obscure versions. Gave examples of exploits that exploited 2, 3, 6, or 14 separate bugs. However, these complete exploits are more likely to be buggy or fragile in themselves and easier to defeat. Future research includes normalizing malware and Javascript. Conclusion: The coming trend is that mass-malware with mass zero-day attacks will result in mass customization of attacks. x86 Rewriting: Defeating RoP and other Shinanighans Richard Wartell Richard Wartell The attack vector we are addressing here is: First some malware causes a buffer overflow. The malware has no program access, but input access and buffer overflow code onto stack Later the stack became non-executable. The workaround malware used was to write a bogus return address to the stack jumping to malware Later came ASLR (Address Space Layout Randomization) to randomize memory layout and make addresses non-deterministic. The workaround malware used was to jump t existing code segments in the program that can be used in bad ways "RoP" is Return-oriented Programming attacks. RoP attacks use your own code and write return address on stack to (existing) expoitable code found in program ("gadgets"). Pinkie Pie was paid $60K last year for a RoP attack. One solution is using anti-RoP compilers that compile source code with NO return instructions. ASLR does not randomize address space, just "gadgets". IPR/ILR ("Instruction Location Randomization") randomizes each instruction with a virtual machine. Richard's goal was to randomize a binary with no source code access. He created "STIR" (Self-Transofrming Instruction Relocation). STIR disassembles binary and operates on "basic blocks" of code. The STIR disassembler is conservative in what to disassemble. Each basic block is moved to a random location in memory. Next, STIR writes new code sections with copies of "basic blocks" of code in randomized locations. The old code is copied and rewritten with jumps to new code. the original code sections in the file is marked non-executible. STIR has better entropy than ASLR in location of code. Makes brute force attacks much harder. STIR runs on MS Windows (PEM) and Linux (ELF). It eliminated 99.96% or more "gadgets" (i.e., moved the address). Overhead usually 5-10% on MS Windows, about 1.5-4% on Linux (but some code actually runs faster!). The unique thing about STIR is it requires no source access and the modified binary fully works! Current work is to rewrite code to enforce security policies. For example, don't create a *.{exe,msi,bat} file. Or don't connect to the network after reading from the disk. Clowntown Express: interesting bugs and running a bug bounty program Collin Greene Collin Greene, Facebook Collin talked about Facebook's bug bounty program. Background at FB: FB has good security frameworks, such as security teams, external audits, and cc'ing on diffs. But there's lots of "deep, dark, forgotten" parts of legacy FB code. Collin gave several examples of bountied bugs. Some bounty submissions were on software purchased from a third-party (but bounty claimers don't know and don't care). We use security questions, as does everyone else, but they are basically insecure (often easily discoverable). Collin didn't expect many bugs from the bounty program, but they ended getting 20+ good bugs in first 24 hours and good submissions continue to come in. Bug bounties bring people in with different perspectives, and are paid only for success. Bug bounty is a better use of a fixed amount of time and money versus just code review or static code analysis. The Bounty program started July 2011 and paid out $1.5 million to date. 14% of the submissions have been high priority problems that needed to be fixed immediately. The best bugs come from a small % of submitters (as with everything else)—the top paid submitters are paid 6 figures a year. Spammers like to backstab competitors. The youngest sumitter was 13. Some submitters have been hired. Bug bounties also allows to see bugs that were missed by tools or reviews, allowing improvement in the process. Bug bounties might not work for traditional software companies where the product has release cycle or is not on Internet. Active Fingerprinting of Encrypted VPNs Anna Shubina Anna Shubina, Dartmouth Institute for Security, Technology, and Society (I missed the start of her talk because another track went overtime. But I have the DVD of the talk, so I'll expand later) IPsec leaves fingerprints. Using netcat, one can easily visually distinguish various crypto chaining modes just from packet timing on a chart (example, DES-CBC versus AES-CBC) One can tell a lot about VPNs just from ping roundtrips (such as what router is used) Delayed packets are not informative about a network, especially if far away from the network More needed to explore about how TCP works in real life with respect to timing Making Attacks Go Backwards Fuzzynop FuzzyNop, Mandiant This talk is not about threat attribution (finding who), product solutions, politics, or sales pitches. But who are making these malware threats? It's not a single person or group—they have diverse skill levels. There's a lot of fat-fingered fumblers out there. Always look for low-hanging fruit first: "hiding" malware in the temp, recycle, or root directories creation of unnamed scheduled tasks obvious names of files and syscalls ("ClearEventLog") uncleared event logs. Clearing event log in itself, and time of clearing, is a red flag and good first clue to look for on a suspect system Reverse engineering is hard. Disassembler use takes practice and skill. A popular tool is IDA Pro, but it takes multiple interactive iterations to get a clean disassembly. Key loggers are used a lot in targeted attacks. They are typically custom code or built in a backdoor. A big tip-off is that non-printable characters need to be printed out (such as "[Ctrl]" "[RightShift]") or time stamp printf strings. Look for these in files. Presence is not proof they are used. Absence is not proof they are not used. Java exploits. Can parse jar file with idxparser.py and decomile Java file. Java typially used to target tech companies. Backdoors are the main persistence mechanism (provided externally) for malware. Also malware typically needs command and control. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Ad-Hoc Static Code Analysis John Ashaman John Ashaman, Security Innovation Initially John tried to analyze open source files with open source static analysis tools, but these showed thousands of false positives. Also tried using grep, but tis fails to find anything even mildly complex. So next John decided to write his own tool. His approach was to first generate a call graph then analyze the graph. However, the problem is that making a call graph is really hard. For example, one problem is "evil" coding techniques, such as passing function pointer. First the tool generated an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) with the nodes created from method declarations and edges created from method use. Then the tool generated a control flow graph with the goal to find a path through the AST (a maze) from source to sink. The algorithm is to look at adjacent nodes to see if any are "scary" (a vulnerability), using heuristics for search order. The tool, called "Scat" (Static Code Analysis Tool), currently looks for C# vulnerabilities and some simple PHP. Later, he plans to add more PHP, then JSP and Java. For more information see his posts in Security Innovation blog and NRefactory on GitHub. Mask Your Checksums—The Gorry Details Eric (XlogicX) Davisson Eric (XlogicX) Davisson Sometimes in emailing or posting TCP/IP packets to analyze problems, you may want to mask the IP address. But to do this correctly, you need to mask the checksum too, or you'll leak information about the IP. Problem reports found in stackoverflow.com, sans.org, and pastebin.org are usually not masked, but a few companies do care. If only the IP is masked, the IP may be guessed from checksum (that is, it leaks data). Other parts of packet may leak more data about the IP. TCP and IP checksums both refer to the same data, so can get more bits of information out of using both checksums than just using one checksum. Also, one can usually determine the OS from the TTL field and ports in a packet header. If we get hundreds of possible results (16x each masked nibble that is unknown), one can do other things to narrow the results, such as look at packet contents for domain or geo information. With hundreds of results, can import as CSV format into a spreadsheet. Can corelate with geo data and see where each possibility is located. Eric then demoed a real email report with a masked IP packet attached. Was able to find the exact IP address, given the geo and university of the sender. Point is if you're going to mask a packet, do it right. Eric wouldn't usually bother, but do it correctly if at all, to not create a false impression of security. Adventures with weird machines thirty years after "Reflections on Trusting Trust" Sergey Bratus Sergey Bratus, Dartmouth College (and Julian Bangert and Rebecca Shapiro, not present) "Reflections on Trusting Trust" refers to Ken Thompson's classic 1984 paper. "You can't trust code that you did not totally create yourself." There's invisible links in the chain-of-trust, such as "well-installed microcode bugs" or in the compiler, and other planted bugs. Thompson showed how a compiler can introduce and propagate bugs in unmodified source. But suppose if there's no bugs and you trust the author, can you trust the code? Hell No! There's too many factors—it's Babylonian in nature. Why not? Well, Input is not well-defined/recognized (code's assumptions about "checked" input will be violated (bug/vunerabiliy). For example, HTML is recursive, but Regex checking is not recursive. Input well-formed but so complex there's no telling what it does For example, ELF file parsing is complex and has multiple ways of parsing. Input is seen differently by different pieces of program or toolchain Any Input is a program input executes on input handlers (drives state changes & transitions) only a well-defined execution model can be trusted (regex/DFA, PDA, CFG) Input handler either is a "recognizer" for the inputs as a well-defined language (see langsec.org) or it's a "virtual machine" for inputs to drive into pwn-age ELF ABI (UNIX/Linux executible file format) case study. Problems can arise from these steps (without planting bugs): compiler linker loader ld.so/rtld relocator DWARF (debugger info) exceptions The problem is you can't really automatically analyze code (it's the "halting problem" and undecidable). Only solution is to freeze code and sign it. But you can't freeze everything! Can't freeze ASLR or loading—must have tables and metadata. Any sufficiently complex input data is the same as VM byte code Example, ELF relocation entries + dynamic symbols == a Turing Complete Machine (TM). @bxsays created a Turing machine in Linux from relocation data (not code) in an ELF file. For more information, see Rebecca "bx" Shapiro's presentation from last year's Toorcon, "Programming Weird Machines with ELF Metadata" @bxsays did same thing with Mach-O bytecode Or a DWARF exception handling data .eh_frame + glibc == Turning Machine X86 MMU (IDT, GDT, TSS): used address translation to create a Turning Machine. Page handler reads and writes (on page fault) memory. Uses a page table, which can be used as Turning Machine byte code. Example on Github using this TM that will fly a glider across the screen Next Sergey talked about "Parser Differentials". That having one input format, but two parsers, will create confusion and opportunity for exploitation. For example, CSRs are parsed during creation by cert requestor and again by another parser at the CA. Another example is ELF—several parsers in OS tool chain, which are all different. Can have two different Program Headers (PHDRs) because ld.so parses multiple PHDRs. The second PHDR can completely transform the executable. This is described in paper in the first issue of International Journal of PoC. Conclusions trusting computers not only about bugs! Bugs are part of a problem, but no by far all of it complex data formats means bugs no "chain of trust" in Babylon! (that is, with parser differentials) we need to squeeze complexity out of data until data stops being "code equivalent" Further information See and langsec.org. USENIX WOOT 2013 (Workshop on Offensive Technologies) for "weird machines" papers and videos.

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  • TLS/SSL and .NET Framework 4.0

    The Secure Socket Layer is now essential for the secure exchange of digital data, and is most generally used within the HTTPS protocol. .NET now provides the Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) to implement secure communications directly. Matteo explains the TLS/SSL protocol, and takes a hands-on approach to investigate the SslStream class to show how to implement a secure communication channel

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  • OpenLDAP, howto allow both secure (TLS) and unsecure (normal) connections?

    - by Mikael Roos
    Installed OpenLDAP 2.4 on FreeBSD 8.1. It works for ordinary connections OR for TLS connections. I can change it by (un)commenting the following lines in slapd.conf. # Enable TLS #security ssf=128 # Disable TLS security ssf=0 Is there a way to allow the clients to connect using TLS OR no-TLS? Can the ldap-server be configured to support both TLS connections and no-TLS connections? Tried to find the information in the manual, but failed: http://www.openldap.org/doc/admin24/access-control.html#Granting%20and%20Denying%20access%20based%20on%20security%20strength%20factors%20(ssf) http://www.openldap.org/doc/admin24/tls.html#Server%20Configuration Tried to read up on 'security' in manualpage for ldap.conf, didn't find the info there either. I guess I need to configure the 'secure' with some negotiation mechanism, "try to use TLS if client has it, otherwise continue using no-TLS". Connecting with a client (when slapd.conf is configure to use TLS): gm# ldapsearch -x -b '' -s base '(objectclass=*)' namingContexts ldap_bind: Confidentiality required (13) additional info: TLS confidentiality required gm# ldapsearch -Z -x -b '' -s base '(objectclass=*)' namingContexts (this works, -Z makes a TLS connection) So, can I have my ldap-server supporting client connections using TLS and ordinary (no-TLS) connections? Thanx in advance.

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  • What is the optimum way to secure a company wide wiki?

    - by Mark Robinson
    We have a wiki which is used by over half our company. Generally it has been very positively received. However, there is a concern over security - not letting confidential information fall into the wrong hands (i.e. competitors). The default answer is to create a complicated security matrix defining who can read what document (wiki page) based on who created it. Personally I think this mainly solves the wrong problem because it creates barriers within the company instead of a barrier to the external world. But some are concerned that people at a customer site might share information with a customer which then goes to the competitor. The administration of such a matrix is a nightmare because (1) the matrix is based on department and not projects (this is a matrix organisation), and (2) because in a wiki all pages are by definition dynamic so what is confidential today might not be confidential tomorrow (but the history is always readable!). Apart from the security matrix, we've considered restricting content on the wiki to non super secret stuff, but off course that needs to be monitored. Another solution (the current) is to monitor views and report anything suspicious (e.g. one person at a customer site having 2000 views in two days was reported). Again - this is not ideal because this does not directly imply a wrong motive. Does anyone have a better solution? How can a company wide wiki be made secure and yet keep its low threshold USP? BTW we use MediaWiki with Lockdown to exclude some administrative staff.

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  • How to set up simple VPN for secure Internet connections over unencrypted Wi-Fi on Windows?

    - by Senseful
    I'm looking for a solution similar to the one in this question, except that I don't have a linux computer. I have windows computers that could be set up to accept VPN connections. Preferably I want to set this up on either Windows Server 2003 or Windows XP. I'd like to connect different devices (e.g. iPhone, iPad, laptops, etc.) that are on open unsecure wireless networks (e.g. the one's you see at places like Starbucks) to this VPN to ensure that all my data is secure. I found an article that shows that you can enable VPN connections on Windows XP. After following those steps, though, I'm not sure what to do. Which ports do I open on my firewall? Which VPN settings do I use on my devices such as the iPhone? Do I use L2TP, PPTP, or IPSec? What's the difference between these? Are there any other steps missing in that tutorial? I'm hoping that since Windows has this built in feature, that it will be much simpler to set up rather than having to deal with setting up something such as OpenVPN. If I follow those settings and enable port forwarding on port 1723, and then use the following settings on the iPhone: PPTP (IP Address) RSA SecurID: Off Encryption Level: Auto Send All Traffic: On Proxy: Off It shows "Connecting..." then "Disconnecting..." and the following error message: VPN Configuration A connection could not be established to the PPP server. Try reconnecting. If the problem continues, verify your settings and contact your Administrator. I'm using a user account that I enabled privileges to in the VPN settings on the Windows machine.

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  • What steps should I take to secure Tomcat 6.x?

    - by PAS
    I am in the process of setting up an new Tomcat deployment, and want it to be as secure as possible. I have created a 'jakarta' user and have jsvc running Tomcat as a daemon. Any tips on directory permissions and such to limit access to Tomcat's files? I know I will need to remove the default webapps - docs, examples, etc... are there any best practices I should be using here? What about all the config XML files? Any tips there? Is it worth enabling the Security manager so that webapps run in a sandbox? Has anyone had experience setting this up? I have seen examples of people running two instances of Tomcat behind Apache. It seems this can be done using mod_jk or with mod_proxy... any pros/cons of either? Is it worth the trouble? In case it matters, the OS is Debian lenny. I am not using apt-get because lenny only offers tomcat 5.5 and we require 6.x. Thanks!

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  • AIX Grid Control 10.2.0.5 Communication and Monitoring Issue since 31-DEC-2010

    - by jayatheertha.rao(at)oracle.com
    Detailed symptoms for Oracle Management Server (OMS) 10.2.0.5 on AIX Oracle Management Service 10.2.0.5 instances on AIX 5L remain active and functional, but the OMS instances fail to communicate with the Grid Control Management Agents.An SSLPeerUnverified exception will be reported in the file $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/log/emoms.trc when OMS attempts to connect with an Agent:Javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException: peer not authenticatedat com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSessionImpl.getPeerCertificateChain(DashoA12275)at oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.EMDClient.authenticateHTTPConnection(EMDClient.java:2002)at oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.EMDClient.getConnection(EMDClient.java:1877)at oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.EMDClient.getConnection(EMDClient.java:1810)at oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.EMDClient.verifyHttpConnection(EMDClient.java:2540)at oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.EMDClient.getResponseForRequest(EMDClient.java:2323)at oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.EMDClient.getUploadManagerStatus(EMDClient.java:4853)at oracle.sysman.eml.admin.rep.emdConfig.EmdConfigTargetsData.getEmdUploadData(EmdConfigTargetsData.java:1640)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)This error may be reported when:- Accessing the Agent home page in Grid Control- Setting preferred credentials for a target monitored by the Agent- Managing metrics for a target monitored by the Agent The jobs scheduled to be run by Agents can become non-responsiveThe OMS log file $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/log/emoms.trc can show:2010-12-31 00:06:58,204 [JobWorker 430:Thread-34] DEBUG emSDK.comm getStreamResponse.4015 - oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.CommException: java.io.IOException: javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException: peer not authenticatedoracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.CommException: java.io.IOException: javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException: peer not authenticatedat oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.EMDClient.getStreamResponse_(EMDClient.java:4088)at oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.EMDClient.getStreamResponse(EMDClient.java:4009)at oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.EMDClient.remoteOperation(EMDClient.java:3404)at oracle.sysman.emdrep.jobs.CommandManager.requestRemoteCommand(CommandManager.java:765)at oracle.sysman.emdrep.jobs.commands.RemoteOp.executeCommand(RemoteOp.java:434)at oracle.sysman.emdrep.jobs.commands.RemoteOp.executeCommand(RemoteOp.java:491)at oracle.sysman.emdrep.jobs.BaseJobWorker.runStep(BaseJobWorker.java:614)at oracle.sysman.emdrep.jobs.BaseJobWorker.doOneOperation(BaseJobWorker.java:738)at oracle.sysman.emdrep.jobs.JobWorker.doOneOperation(JobWorker.java:306)at oracle.sysman.emdrep.jobs.JobWorker.run(JobWorker.java:288)at oracle.sysman.util.threadPoolManager.WorkerThread.run(Worker.java:261) Detailed symptoms for Grid Control Management Agent 10.2.0.5 on AIX Beginning 31-DEC-2010 00:00:00, 10.2.0.5 Management Agents running on the AIX 5L operating system will fail to monitor Oracle Application Server targets. As a result, the Availability Status for the Oracle Application Server targets will be in the "Metric Error" state. NOTE: The 10.2.0.5.0 Agents would experience these errors regardless of the version/platform of the OMS.The following metric error is seen in the console for the Oracle Application Server targets monitored by a Grid Control Management Agent 10.2.0.5 installed on AIX and experiencing a Root Certificate Authority issue:Message oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.fetchlet.FetchletException: oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.fetchlet.FetchletException: oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.fetchlet.FetchletException: oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.CommException: java.io.IOException: javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException: peer not authenticated The Grid Control Management Agent log file $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/log/emagentfetchlet.log (or $ORACLE_HOME/hostname/sysman/log/emagentfetchlet.log for a clustered Agent) includes the following errors:2010-12-31 00:01:03,626 [nmefmgr_getJNIFetchlet] ERROR ias.ResponseMetric getResponseMetric.154 - Unable tocompute application server statusoracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.fetchlet.FetchletException: oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.CommException: java.io.IOException: javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException: peer not authenticatedat oracle.sysman.ias.ias.ResponseMetric.getResponseMetric(ResponseMetric.java:108)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:79)at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:618)at oracle.sysman.emd.fetchlets.JavaWrapperFetchlet.getMetric(JavaWrapperFetchlet.java:217)at oracle.sysman.emd.fetchlets.FetchletWrapper.getMetric(FetchletWrapper.java:382) Beginning 31-DEC-2010, 10.2.0.5 Management Agents on the AIX 5L platform will fail to secure or re-secure with Oracle Management Service (OMS). This failure will cause installation of 10.2.0.5 Agents on the AIX 5L platform to fail.NOTE: The 10.2.0.5.0 Agents would experience these errors regardless of the version/platform of the OMS.The "emctl secure agent" command will fail with the following error, which will be written to the $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/log/secure.log file (or $ORACLE_HOME/hostname/sysman/log/secure.log for a clustered Agent) :2011-01-03 21:06:11,941 [main] ERROR agent.SecureAgentCmd main.207 - Failedto secure the Agent:javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException: peer not authenticatedatcom.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSessionImpl.getPeerCertificateChain(DashoA6275)atoracle.sysman.emctl.secure.agent.SecureAgentCmd.checkUpload(SecureAgentCmd.java:478)atoracle.sysman.emctl.secure.agent.SecureAgentCmd.secureAgent(SecureAgentCmd.java:249)atoracle.sysman.emctl.secure.agent.SecureAgentCmd.main(SecureAgentCmd.java:200)  For solution, refer to AIX Grid Control 10.2.0.5 SSL Communication and Monitoring Issue since 31-DEC-2010 (Doc ID 1275070.1)

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  • Is there a C# secure socket other than SSLStream?

    - by AI0867
    .NET 2.0 provides only the System.Net.Security.SslStream class for secure sockets in .NET 2.0 and higher, but this uses the Stream interface, which provides the blocking Read/Write members and asynchronous Begin{Read,Write} members. I'm looking for a class that provides functionality similar to System.Net.Sockets.Socket. Specifically, something resembling Poll/Select, so I can handle multiple sockets in a single thread without blocking. The mentalis security library supplies a SecureSocket class, but is explicitly unsupported for versions greater than .NET 1.1.

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  • How to secure a WCF service using NetNamedPipesBinding so that it can only be called by the current

    - by Samuel Jack
    I'm using a WCF service with the NetNamedPipesBinding to communicate between two AppDomains in my process. How do I secure the service so that it is not accessible to other users on the same machine? I have already taken the precaution of using a GUID in the Endpoint Address, so there's a little security through obscurity, but I'm looking for a way of locking the service down using ACL or something similar.

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  • [ASP.NET ERROR] The request was aborted: Could not create SSL/TLS secure channel.

    - by Mark Cidade
    I'm posting this on behalf of a co-worker. He gets a "The request was aborted: Could not create SSL/TLS secure channel" error while using a WebRequest object to make an HTTPS request. Th funny thing is that this only happens after a while, and is temporarily fixed when the application is restarted, which suggests that something is being filled to capacity or something. Has anyone seen this kind of thing before?

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  • how do I get rid of the secure nonsecure warning on page with iframe under SSL with phishing filter?

    - by Manu
    I have a page under SSL with an iframe that refreshes itself every 20 seconds through an HTTP refresh prgama. If I browse the site with IE7 and phishing filter enabled I receive secure-nonsecure content warnings in irregular intervals which cease if phishing filter is disabled. Does anybody have an idea what I can do in order to get rid of the warnings even if phishing filter is enabled?

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  • How do access a secure website within a sharepoint webpart?

    - by Bill
    How do access a secure website within a sharepoint webpart? The following code works fine as a console application but if you run it in a webpart, you will get a access violation WebRequest request = WebRequest.Create("https://somesecuresite.com"); WebResponse firstResponse = null; try { firstResponse = request.GetResponse(); } catch (WebException ex) { writer.WriteLine("Error: " + ex.ToString()); return; } if you access a non secure site, it also works. Any ideas? Error: System.Net.WebException: The underlying connection was closed: An unexpected error occurred on a receive. --- System.AccessViolationException: Attempted to read or write protected memory. This is often an indication that other memory is corrupt. at System.Net.UnsafeNclNativeMethods.NativePKI.CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy(IntPtr policy, SafeFreeCertChain chainContext, ChainPolicyParameter& cpp, ChainPolicyStatus& ps) at System.Net.PolicyWrapper.VerifyChainPolicy(SafeFreeCertChain chainContext, ChainPolicyParameter& cpp) at System.Net.Security.SecureChannel.VerifyRemoteCertificate(RemoteCertValidationCallback remoteCertValidationCallback) at System.Net.Security.SslState.CompleteHandshake() at System.Net.Security.SslState.CheckCompletionBeforeNextReceive(ProtocolToken message, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) at System.Net.Security.SslState.StartSendBlob(Byte[] incoming, Int32 count, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) at System.Net.Security.SslState.ProcessReceivedBlob(Byte[] buffer, Int32 count, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) at System.Net.Security.SslState.StartReadFrame(Byte[] buffer, Int32 readBytes, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) at System.Net.Security.SslState.StartReceiveBlob(Byte[] buffer, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) at System.Net.Security.SslState.CheckCompletionBeforeNextReceive(ProtocolToken message, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) at System.Net.Security.SslState.StartSendBlob(Byte[] incoming, Int32 count, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) at System.Net.Security.SslState.ProcessReceivedBlob(Byte[] buffer, Int32 count, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) at System.Net.Security.SslState.StartReadFrame(Byte[] buffer, Int32 readBytes, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) at System.Net.Security.SslState.StartReceiveBlob(Byte[] buffer, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) at System.Net.Security.SslState.CheckCompletionBeforeNextReceive(ProtocolToken message, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) at System.Net.Security.SslState.StartSendBlob(Byte[] incoming, Int32 count, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) at System.Net.Security.SslState.ProcessReceivedBlob(Byte[] buffer, Int32 count, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) at System.Net.Security.SslState.StartReadFrame(Byte[] buffer, Int32 readBytes, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) at System.Net.Security.SslState.StartReceiveBlob(Byte[] buffer, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) at System.Net.Security.SslState.CheckCompletionBeforeNextReceive(ProtocolToken message, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) at System.Net.Security.SslState.StartSendBlob(Byte[] incoming, Int32 count, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) at System.Net.Security.SslState.ForceAuthentication(Boolean receiveFirst, Byte[] buffer, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) at System.Net.Security.SslState.ProcessAuthentication(LazyAsyncResult lazyResult) at System.Net.TlsStream.CallProcessAuthentication(Object state) at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.runTryCode(Object userData) at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeHelpers.ExecuteCodeWithGuaranteedCleanup(TryCode code, CleanupCode backoutCode, Object userData) at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.RunInternal(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state) at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state) at System.Net.TlsStream.ProcessAuthentication(LazyAsyncResult result) at System.Net.TlsStream.Write(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size) at System.Net.PooledStream.Write(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size) at System.Net.ConnectStream.WriteHeaders(Boolean async) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.Net.HttpWebRequest.GetResponse()

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  • Whats a valid strategy for a secure image upload from a flash client?

    - by WillyCornbread
    Hi all - I'm creating a flash application that will post images to a url for saving to disk/display later. I was wondering what are some suggested strategies for making this secure enough so that the upload is verified as coming from the application and not just some random form post. Is it reliable enough to check referring location realizing that I don't need bulletproof security, or perhaps setting authentication headers is a better strategy even though it seems unreliable from what I have read. Thanks for any advice - b

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  • Maintaining a secure database of user logins and info?

    - by Rafe Kettler
    I want to have a login form on a charity website I am building (it's for a friend, and I'm learning on the go), and I want to know what languages/software should I learn to build databases for user logins and info? Note: it HAS to be secure and relatively simple to learn for someone with moderate programming experience. Update: I understand that CMSs offer good tools for logins etc. but I want to do this all by myself.

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  • How to secure the communication between an MSSQL database and a c# administrative tool?

    - by citronas
    How can I secure the communication between a C# programm running locally on my computer and a MSSQL Server in a hosted environment? I have an asp.net application that is secured by SSL encryption. So using the asp.net from an open wlan connection is no problem. How can I achieve the same kind of encryption for my administrative tool? Would it be best to write a service? But how would that connection to the service be secured?

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  • Most secure way to generate a random session ID for a cookie?

    - by ensnare
    I'm writing my own sessions controller that issues a unique id to a user once logged in, and then verifies and authenticates that unique id at every page load. What is the most secure way to generate such an id? Should the unique id be completely random? Is there any downside to including the user id as part of the unique id?

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