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• Why has there been no serious research in statistical programming languages for 25 years?

  - by Robert

  The two main statistical languages today are S (in the form of R) and SAS, which today pretty much have the form they had 25 years ago. Whatever usability problems or worker productivity problems they had then, they still have today. I'm a data language designer, and I look at, largely, four aspects: Usability (learning curve & readability - here Python scores high) Productivity (how long it takes to finish your work) Flexibility (SAS and R don't have problems here, but a macro library will) Reliability (in the QA/reproducibility sense, usually a PL does better than a GUI here) By the way, I have a language that can produce complex statistical tables much faster than SAS (like 25 lines of code instead of several hundred lines of code). And I'm going to produce a language for data cleaning that will be great for usability (it'll be my third).

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• Is there a programming language with not a tree but tags idea behind OOP?

  - by kolupaev

  I'm thinking about tree structures, and I feel that I don't like them. It's like when you have a shop, then you try to put all products to tree-like catalog, and then you need to place one product to multiple categories, now you have multiple routing, bla-bla. I don't feel like everything in the world could be put to a tree. Instead, I like idea of tags. I would like to store everything with tags. With tags I could do much more. I can even simulate trees if I want. I want to have tag-based filesystem! But hey - modern OOP paradigm with inheritance is based on tree. I want to see how it is when you don't have such basement. Closest thing I found is mixins in some languages. Do you know what else is also about this ideas?

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• How to choose the right web development language for my app without much programming experience?

  - by twinbornJoint

  I have my own idea for a web application, and I am not a programmer. The application will work similar to Facebook and Twitter, profiles and feeds. I have learned some computer science theory, all the way up to OOP, but have no practical experience. Without any experience, is there a way I can evaluate the different language and platform choices available to me? What kind of things should I be looking at? Ease of setup? How many followers it has? How can I evaluate whether a language will have the capabilities I need?

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• What is the best way to track / record the current programming project you work on? [duplicate]

  - by user2424160

  This question already has an answer here: Methodology for Documenting Existing Code Base 6 answers When do you start documenting the code? 13 answers Where should a programmer explain the extended logic behind the code? 5 answers I have been in this problem for long time and I want to know how it's done in real / big companies project? Suppose I have the project to build a website. Now I divide the project into sub tasks and do it. But you know that suppose I have task1 in hand like export the page to pdf. Now I spend 3 days to do that , came across various problems, many Stack Overflow questions and in the end I solve it. Now 4 months after someone told me that there is some error in the code. Now by that I completely forgot about (60%) of how I did it and why I do this way. I document the code but I can't write the whole story of that in the code. Then I have to spend much time on code to find what was the problem so that I added this line etc. I want to know that is there any way that i can log steps in completing the project. So that I can see how I end up with code, what errors I got, what questions I asked on SO and etc. How people do it in real time? Which software to use? I know in our project management software called JIRA we have tasks but that does not cover what steps I took to solve that tasks. What is the best way so that when I look back at my 2 year old project, I know how I solve particular task?

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• How to tell your boss that his programming style is really bad?

  - by Roflcoptr

  I'm a student and in my spare time I'm working for a big enterprise as Java developer. The job is good, but the problem is, my boss is writing very strange code. I don't want to complain, but some issues are in my opinion really strange. For example: he doesn't know any booleans. All boolean conditions are Strings called "YesOrNo" and then in the condition he uses if (YesOrNo == "Yes") there are a lot of very strange characters in method names and variables like é õ ô or è all loops are infinite loops in the style of for(;;). Then at the end of the loop the condition is tested and if the conditions is fulfilled break; is called. I don't now if I should tell him that I think this isn't a good practice, since he is my boss and decides how and what to do. On the other hand some of this examples are really very weird. Any hints how to cope with? And is this only me who thinks that's bad style?

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• What is the Best way to learn c# programming and capability to do anything with C#?

  - by MSU

  I browsed all the answers given in Stackoverflow,i couldn't find my answer that's why i am writing this, so please don't mark this a duplicate. My case i want to get the capability of doing anything in C# from building applications to solving problems. I searched for and tried to read books. Then one of the experts said, reading books will not make any good for you, for learning you have to solve problems i.e. real world problems in C#, he gave me some sample problems, which i previously did in C++, i started doing, but the thing is that i know the internal logic of solving the problem or the algorithm to solve. But i don't know how to imepelement them using C# efficiently. so, the gap is, i can't think in C#, I know the message to passed but don't the exact way to pass it. I did a program to solve a problem, then find out there are much easier ways of doing it wherever i was doing it in tougher way. So, can you guys(C# experts) please enlighten me, what i need to get hold of the language and get the ability to code in C# proficiently?

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• OOP vs Frameworks (DRY, Organisation, Readability)

  - by benhowdle89

  In terms of organisation, code-readability and DRY programming, which, between OOP and Frameworks shows more of these 3 attributes? I'm aware that inline, procedural coding is viewed by many as a thing of the past, so which is the best route to take for these two? Just to clarify what i mean by OOP and frameworks From Wikipedia: Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm In computer programming, a software framework is an abstraction in which common code providing generic functionality can be selectively overridden or specialized by user code, thus providing specific functionality

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• What are the most common stumbling blocks when it comes to learning programming, in order of difficulty?

  - by blueberryfields

  I seem to remember that linked lists, recursion, pointers, and memory management are all good examples of stumbling blocks - places where the aspiring programmer typically ends up spending significant time trying to understand a concept before moving on and improving, and many end up giving up and not improving. I'm looking for a complete/comprehensive list of these types of stumbling blocks, in rough estimated order of difficulty to learn, with the goal of making sure that an educational program for programmers is structured to properly guide students through them Is this information available somewhere? Ideally, the difficulty to learn will be measured in some sort of objective manner (ie, % of students which consistently fail to learn the concept) What sources are most appropriate for obtaining this information?

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• Is it a good programming practice to have a class with several .h files?

  - by Jim Thio

  I suppose the class have several different interfaces. Some it shows to some class, some it shows to other classes. Are there any good reason for that? One thing I can think of is with one .h per class, interface would either be public or private. What about if I want some interface to be available to some friends' class and some interface to be truly public? Sample: @interface listNewController:BadgerStandardViewViewController <UITableViewDelegate,UITableViewDataSource,UITextFieldDelegate,NSFetchedResultsControllerDelegate,UIScrollViewDelegate,UIGestureRecognizerDelegate> { } @property (nonatomic) IBOutlet NSFetchedResultsController *FetchController; @property (nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextField *searchBar1; @property (nonatomic) IBOutlet UITableView *tableViewA; + (listNewController *) singleton; //For Easier Access -(void)collapseAll; -(void)TitleViewClicked:(TitleView *) theTitleView; -(NSUInteger) countOfEachSection:(NSInteger)section; @end Many of those public properties and function are only ever called by just one other classes. I wonder why I need to make them available to many classes. It's in Objective-c by the way

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• What operating systems are used in airplanes, and what programming languages are they developed in?

  - by adhg

  I was wondering if anyone knows what is the operating system used in commercial airplanes (say Boeing or Airbus). Also, what is the (preferred) real-time programing language? I heard that Ada is used in Boeing, so my question is - why Ada? what are the criteria the Boeing-guys had to choose this language? (I guess Java wouldn't be a great choice if the exactly in lift off the garbage collector wakes up).

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• Design in "mixed" languages: object oriented design or functional programming?

  - by dema80

  In the past few years, the languages I like to use are becoming more and more "functional". I now use languages that are a sort of "hybrid": C#, F#, Scala. I like to design my application using classes that correspond to the domain objects, and use functional features where this makes coding easier, more coincise and safer (especially when operating on collections or when passing functions). However the two worlds "clash" when coming to design patterns. The specific example I faced recently is the Observer pattern. I want a producer to notify some other code (the "consumers/observers", say a DB storage, a logger, and so on) when an item is created or changed. I initially did it "functionally" like this: producer.foo(item => { updateItemInDb(item); insertLog(item) }) // calls the function passed as argument as an item is processed But I'm now wondering if I should use a more "OO" approach: interface IItemObserver { onNotify(Item) } class DBObserver : IItemObserver ... class LogObserver: IItemObserver ... producer.addObserver(new DBObserver) producer.addObserver(new LogObserver) producer.foo() //calls observer in a loop Which are the pro and con of the two approach? I once heard a FP guru say that design patterns are there only because of the limitations of the language, and that's why there are so few in functional languages. Maybe this could be an example of it? EDIT: In my particular scenario I don't need it, but.. how would you implement removal and addition of "observers" in the functional way? (I.e. how would you implement all the functionalities in the pattern?) Just passing a new function, for example?

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• Is it Advisable to learn multiple programming languages at the same time? [closed]

  - by adietan63

  Possible Duplicate: Learning Multiple Languages Simultaneously Im self-taught programmer and I studying PHP, Ruby and C++ at the same time. Is it advisable to do what Im doing? can you give me advice on what i should do first to enhance my learning curve? I want to become all around programmer that's why I want to study different languages at the same time. I want to feel comfortable in any of software applications even in web or desktop application Im just trying to make my skills more valuable and maximize the technology that we have today.

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• What is the best way to learn C# programming? [closed]

  - by MSU

  My case I want to get the capability of doing anything in C# from building applications to solving problems. I searched for and tried to read books. Then one of the experts said that reading books will not make any good and that to learn, you have to solve real world problems in C#, and he gave me some problems which I previously solved in C++. The thing is that while I know the internal logic of solving the problem, I don't know how to implement it using C# efficiently. I know the message to pass but not the exact way to pass it. I did a program to solve a problem, then find out there are much easier ways of doing it wherever I was doing it in tougher way. What I need to get hold of the language and get the ability to code in C# proficiently?

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• Is programming or computer science in general, all about algorithms?

  - by wakandan

  As a grad student, I find it more and more common for prestigious companies (like Google, Facebook, Microsoft,...) to put algorithm questions in their test and interviews. A few startups I applied to also asked about algorithms. I wonder if algorithms fluency is the most important thing for software developer in those companies? If the answer being yes, what are the best method or resources for one to learn & practice about algorithms effectively? I can't seem to get interested in solving seemingly too complicated problems found in most textbook or websites. Though easily understand basic algorithms (like quicksort, bubblesort,...), I find it immensely difficult to remember and reuse them later. Thanks. P/S: If you ask me what I like, it's building good softwares to solve users' problems innovatively. I suppose that does not necessarily mean the software has to be very complicated.

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• What are the differences between Special Edition and the Third Edition of Stroustrup's The C++ Programming Language?

  - by TheBlueCat

  I'm buying a few C++ books after moving from Java. I obviously want to read the reference manual from the man himself, though I cannot tell the difference between these two editions. The special edition is ten pages shorter than the third edition. However, the special edition is recommended over the third edition and it seems this version covers the ASCII standard when the other edition does not. Can anyone shed a bit of light on this?

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• Programming ... where to start?

  - by agnesb

  For the last 4 months, I've working tirelessly on a project with my partner, who is a super programmer. He did 100% of the whole mechanism that makes our site work. My job is to take care of the cosmetic aspects of the site ... thus I should say I am good enough at CSS and html. However, since we are using Drupal to build our site, from time to time, I need his help in order to figure out how to do the customization. Sometimes, I got frustrated. I know that as a partner, I should know a little bit on how to program. However, during the crunch time when you have to deliver lightning fast (we have our site built from scratch to finish in 4 weeks ... and you are all welcome to come join the fun! It's a site for programmers!) there is no time to learn from the basics. All I can do is to pick up whatever I need at the moment. Now the site is launched, I am thinking it should be time to do some learning. So, where should I start? My partner always said I need to start with Python. What's your take on this? Thanks.

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• Schliemann's method of programming language learning

  - by DVK

  Background: 19th-century German archeologist Heinrich Schliemann was of course famous for his successful quest to find and excavate the city of Troy (an actual archeological site for the Troy of Homer's Iliad). However, he is just as famous for being an astonishing learner of languages - within the space of two years, he taught himself fluent Dutch, English, French, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese, and later went on to learn seven more, including both modern and ancient Greek. One of the methods he famously used was comparison of a known text, e.g. take a book in a language one is fluent in, take a good translation of a book in a language you wish to learn, and go over them in parallel. (various sources cited the book used by Schliemann to be the Bible, or, as the link above states, a novel). Now, for the actual question. Has anyone used (or heard of) an equivalent of Schliemann's method for learning a new programming language? E.g. instead of basing the leaning on references and tutorials, take a somewhat comprehensive set of programs known to have high-quality code in both languages implementing similar/identical algorithms and learn by comparing them? I'm curious about either personal experiences of applying such an approach, or references to something published, or existance of codebases which could be used for such an approach? What got me thinking about the idea was Project Euler and some code snippets I saw on SO, in C++, Perl and Lisp.

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• Compile time Meta-programming, with string literals.

  - by Hassan Syed

  I'm writing some code which could really do with some simple compile time metaprogramming. It is common practise to use empty-struct tags as compile time symbols. I need to decorate the tags with some run-time config elements. static variables seem the only way to go (to enable meta-programming), however static variables require global declarations. to side step this Scott Myers suggestion (from the third edition of Effective C++), about sequencing the initialization of static variables by declaring them inside a function instead of as class variables, came to mind. So I came up with the following code, my hypothesis is that it will let me have a compile-time symbols with string literals use-able at runtime. I'm not missing anything I hope. template<class Instance> class TheBestThing { public: void set_name(const char * name_in) { get_name() = std::string(name_in); } void set_fs_location(const char * fs_location_in) { get_fs_location() = std::string(fs_location_in); } std::string & get_fs_location() { static std::string fs_location; return fs_location; } std::string & get_name() { static std::string name; return name; } }; struct tag {}; int main() { TheBestThing<tag> x; x.set_name("xyz"); x.set_fs_location("/etc/lala"); ImportantObject<x> SinceSlicedBread; }

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• Dynamic Programming Recursion and a sprinkle of Memoization

  - by Auburnate

  I have this massive array of ints from 0-4 in this triangle. I am trying to learn dynamic programming with Ruby and would like some assistance in calculating the number of paths in the triangle that meet three criterion: You must start at one of the zero points in the row with 70 elements. Your path can be directly above you one row (if there is a number directly above) or one row up heading diagonal to the left. One of these options is always available The sum of the path you take to get to the zero on the first row must add up to 140. Example, start at the second zero in the bottom row. You can move directly up to the one or diagonal left to the 4. In either case, the number you arrive at must be added to the running count of all the numbers you have visited. From the 1 you can travel to a 2 (running sum = 3) directly above or to the 0 (running sum = 1) diagonal to the left. 0 41 302 2413 13024 024130 4130241 30241302 241302413 1302413024 02413024130 413024130241 3024130241302 24130241302413 130241302413024 0241302413024130 41302413024130241 302413024130241302 2413024130241302413 13024130241302413024 024130241302413024130 4130241302413024130241 30241302413024130241302 241302413024130241302413 1302413024130241302413024 02413024130241302413024130 413024130241302413024130241 3024130241302413024130241302 24130241302413024130241302413 130241302413024130241302413024 0241302413024130241302413024130 41302413024130241302413024130241 302413024130241302413024130241302 2413024130241302413024130241302413 13024130241302413024130241302413024 024130241302413024130241302413024130 4130241302413024130241302413024130241 30241302413024130241302413024130241302 241302413024130241302413024130241302413 1302413024130241302413024130241302413024 02413024130241302413024130241302413024130 413024130241302413024130241302413024130241 3024130241302413024130241302413024130241302 24130241302413024130241302413024130241302413 130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024 0241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130 41302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241 302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302 2413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413 13024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024 024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130 4130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241 30241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302 241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413 1302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024 02413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130 413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241 3024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302 24130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413 130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024 0241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130 41302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241 302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302 2413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413 13024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024 024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130 4130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241 30241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302 241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413 1302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024 02413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130241302413024130

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• How to create reactive tasks for programming competitions?

  - by directx

  A reactive task is sometimes seen in the IOI programming competition. Unlike batch tasks, reactive solutions take input from another program as well as outputting it. The program typically 'query' the judge program a certain number of times, then output a final answer. An example The client program accepts lines one by one, and simply echoes it back. When it encountered a line with "done", it exists immediately. The client program in Java looks like this: import java.util.*; class Main{ public static void main (String[] args){ Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); String s; while (!(s=in.nextLine()).equals("done")) System.out.println(s); } } The judge program gives the input and processes output from the client program. In this example, it feeds it a predefined input and checks if the client program has echoed it back correctly. A session might go like this: Judge Client ------------------ Hello Hello World World done I'm having trouble writing the judge program and having it judge the client program. I'd appreciate if someone could write a judge program for my example.

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• Advice on improving programming skills, learning capabilities?

  - by anonymous-coward1234

  Hi all, After 2,5 years of professional Java programing, I still have problems that make my job difficult and, more importantly - more times that I would like to admit - not enjoyable. I would like to ask for advice by more experienced people on ways that would help me overcome them. These are the problems I have: I do not absorb new knowledge easily. Even when I understand something, after a couple of days I easily forget even basic stuff. Other co-workers, even with the same working experience, when reading new technologies put things easily into "context", and are able to compare in "real time| similar technologies they already have used. I always try to address all the issues to whatever I am doing at one go, which results in me trying to resolve too many problems at the same time, losing completely control. I find it difficult to make my mind on a single problem that I should address first, and even when I do, and find myself throwing away code that I wrote because I started addressing the wrong issue first. As far as architecture and data modeling is concerned, I have difficulty making decisions on what objects must be created, with what hierarchy, interfaces, abstraction etc. I imagine that - to a certain degree - these things come with experience. But after 2,5 years of Java programming, I would expect myself to have come much farther that I have come, both in terms of absorption and experience. Is there a way to improve my learning speed? Any books, methods, advice is welcome.

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• Handling incremental Data Modeling Changes in Functional Programming

  - by Adam Gent

  Most of the problems I have to solve in my job as a developer have to do with data modeling. For example in a OOP Web Application world I often have to change the data properties that are in a object to meet new requirements. If I'm lucky I don't even need to programmatically add new "behavior" code (functions,methods). Instead I can declarative add validation and even UI options by annotating the property (Java). In Functional Programming it seems that adding new data properties requires lots of code changes because of pattern matching and data constructors (Haskell, ML). How do I minimize this problem? This seems to be a recognized problem as Xavier Leroy states nicely on page 24 of "Objects and Classes vs. Modules" - To summarize for those that don't have a PostScript viewer it basically says FP languages are better than OOP languages for adding new behavior over data objects but OOP languages are better for adding new data objects/properties. Are there any design pattern used in FP languages to help mitigate this problem? I have read Phillip Wadler's recommendation of using Monads to help this modularity problem but I'm not sure I understand how?

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• Which linear programming package should I use for high numbers of constraints and "warm starts"

  - by davidsd

  I have a "continuous" linear programming problem that involves maximizing a linear function over a curved convex space. In typical LP problems, the convex space is a polytope, but in this case the convex space is piecewise curved -- that is, it has faces, edges, and vertices, but the edges aren't straight and the faces aren't flat. Instead of being specified by a finite number of linear inequalities, I have a continuously infinite number. I'm currently dealing with this by approximating the surface by a polytope, which means discretizing the continuously infinite constraints into a very large finite number of constraints. I'm also in the situation where I'd like to know how the answer changes under small perturbations to the underlying problem. Thus, I'd like to be able to supply an initial condition to the solver based on a nearby solution. I believe this capability is called a "warm start." Can someone help me distinguish between the various LP packages out there? I'm not so concerned with user-friendliness as speed (for large numbers of constraints), high-precision arithmetic, and warm starts. Thanks!

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• Database Functional Programming in Clojure

  - by Ralph

  "It is tempting, if the only tool you have is a hammer, to treat everything as if it were a nail." - Abraham Maslow I need to write a tool to dump a large hierarchical (SQL) database to XML. The hierarchy consists of a Person table with subsidiary Address, Phone, etc. tables. I have to dump thousands of rows, so I would like to do so incrementally and not keep the whole XML file in memory. I would like to isolate non-pure function code to a small portion of the application. I am thinking that this might be a good opportunity to explore FP and concurrency in Clojure. I can also show the benefits of immutable data and multi-core utilization to my skeptical co-workers. I'm not sure how the overall architecture of the application should be. I am thinking that I can use an impure function to retrieve the database rows and return a lazy sequence that can then be processed by a pure function that returns an XML fragment. For each Person row, I can create a Future and have several processed in parallel (the output order does not matter). As each Person is processed, the task will retrieve the appropriate rows from the Address, Phone, etc. tables and generate the nested XML. I can use a a generic function to process most of the tables, relying on database meta-data to get the column information, with special functions for the few tables that need custom processing. These functions could be listed in a map(table name -> function). Am I going about this in the right way? I can easily fall back to doing it in OO using Java, but that would be no fun. BTW, are there any good books on FP patterns or architecture? I have several good books on Clojure, Scala, and F#, but although each covers the language well, none look at the "big picture" of function programming design.

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• Are functional programming languages good for practical tasks?

  - by Clueless

  It seems to me from my experimenting with Haskell, Erlang and Scheme that functional programming languages are a fantastic way to answer scientific questions. For example, taking a small set of data and performing some extensive analysis on it to return a significant answer. It's great for working through some tough Project Euler questions or trying out the Google Code Jam in an original way. At the same time it seems that by their very nature, they are more suited to finding analytical solutions than actually performing practical tasks. I noticed this most strongly in Haskell, where everything is evaluated lazily and your whole program boils down to one giant analytical solution for some given data that you either hard-code into the program or tack on messily through Haskell's limited IO capabilities. Basically, the tasks I would call 'practical' such as Aceept a request, find and process requested data, and return it formatted as needed seem to translate much more directly into procedural languages. The most luck I have had finding a functional language that works like this is Factor, which I would liken to a reverse-polish-notation version of Python. So I am just curious whether I have missed something in these languages or I am just way off the ball in how I ask this question. Does anyone have examples of functional languages that are great at performing practical tasks or practical tasks that are best performed by functional languages?

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