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  • python histogram one-liner

    - by mykhal
    there are many ways, how to code histogram in Python. by histogram, i mean function, counting objects in an interable, resulting in the count table (i.e. dict). e.g.: >>> L = 'abracadabra' >>> histogram(L) {'a': 5, 'b': 2, 'c': 1, 'd': 1, 'r': 2} it can be written like this: def histogram(L): d = {} for x in L: if x in d: d[x] += 1 else: d[x] = 1 return d ..however, there are much less ways, how do this in a single expression. if we had "dict comprehensions" in python, we would write: >>> { x: L.count(x) for x in set(L) } but we don't have them, so we have to write: >>> dict([(x, L.count(x)) for x in set(L)]) however, this approach may yet be readable, but is not efficient - L is walked-through multiple times, so this won't work for single-life generators.. the function should iterate well also through gen(), where: def gen(): for x in L: yield x we can go with reduce (R.I.P.): >>> reduce(lambda d,x: dict(d, x=d.get(x,0)+1), L, {}) # wrong! oops, does not work, the key name is 'x', not x :( i ended with: >>> reduce(lambda d,x: dict(d.items() + [(x, d.get(x, 0)+1)]), L, {}) (in py3k, we would have to write list(d.items()) instead of d.items(), but it's hypothethical, since there is no reduce there) please beat me with a better one-liner, more readable! ;)

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  • Disable ARC with Xcode 5

    - by user2187565
    First, sorry for my bad english, I'm french and had 15years old but StackOverFlow is for me the best forum for developers. So, in the previous versions of Xcode, we can disable ARC (Automatic Reference Counting) in the project settings when we create the project. Not now with Xcode 5 and ARC to pose me a problem: with an property list file, for the reading step, Xcode send me an error: "implicit conversion of 'int' to 'id' is disallowed with ARC". I had not the problem with the same code with Xcode 4. In my property list file, The keys are numbers and also in my viewController.m . NIKOS M.: No problem, but I don't see how I can add compiler flag with the 5th version of Xcode. The code (with french string...): NSString *error; NSString *rootPath = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) objectAtIndex:0]; NSString *plistPath = [rootPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Save.plist"]; NSArray *keys = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"valeurCompteur1", @"valeurCompteur2", @"valeurCompteur3", @"valeurCompteur4", @"valeurCompteur5", @"nomCompteur1", @"nomCompteur2", @"nomCompteur3", @"nomCompteur4", @"nomCompteur5", nil]; NSArray *objs = [NSArray arrayWithObjects: compteur1, compteur2, compteur3, compteur4, compteur5, nameC1, nameC2, nameC3, nameC4, nameC5, nil]; REVIEW: When I disallow ARC for the target, an warning persist. How I can resolve that please ? Thank you very much.

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  • Is there any functional difference between immutable value types and immutable reference types?

    - by Kendall Frey
    Value types are types which do not have an identity. When one variable is modified, other instances are not. Using Javascript syntax as an example, here is how a value type works. var foo = { a: 42 }; var bar = foo; bar.a = 0; // foo.a is still 42 Reference types are types which do have an identity. When one variable is modified, other instances are as well. Here is how a reference type works. var foo = { a: 42 }; var bar = foo; bar.a = 0; // foo.a is now 0 Note how the example uses mutatable objects to show the difference. If the objects were immutable, you couldn't do that, so that kind of testing for value/reference types doesn't work. Is there any functional difference between immutable value types and immutable reference types? Is there any algorithm that can tell the difference between a reference type and a value type if they are immutable? Reflection is cheating. I'm wondering this mostly out of curiosity.

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  • Clarification needed: How does .NET runtime resolve assembly references from parent folder?

    - by aoven
    I have the following output structure of executables in my solution: %ProgramFiles% | +-[MyAppName] | +-[Client] | | | +-(EXE & several DLL assemblies) | +-[Common] | | | +-[Schema Assemblies] | | | | | +-(several DLL assemblies) | | | +-(several DLL assemblies) | +-[Server] | +-(EXE & several DLL assemblies) Each project in solution references different DLL assemblies, some of which are outputs from other projects in solution, and others are plain 3rd-party assemblies. For example, [Client] EXE might reference an assembly in [Common], which is in a different directory branch. All references have "Copy Local" set to false, to mirror the layout of the files in the final installed application. Now, if I take a look at reference properties in the Visual Studio IDE, I see that "Path" of every reference is absolute and that it corresponds to the actual output location of the assembly. That's understandable and correct. As expected, solution compiles and runs just fine. What I don't understand is, why everything seems to work even when I close the IDE, rename the [MyAppName] directory and run the [Client] EXE manually? How does the runtime find the assemblies if the reference paths aren't the same as they were at the time of linking? To be clear - this is actually exactly what I'm after: a semi-dispersed set of application files that run fine regardless of where the [MyAppName] directory is located or even what it's named. I'd just like to know, how and why this works without any specific path resolution on my part. I've read the answers to this similar question, but I still don't get it. Help much appreciated!

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  • How to show "only number" in picture cross-reference in Word 2007 document?

    - by kornelijepetak
    I have many pictures in a document and I reference them very often in text. I don't want to lose the order so I am using Insert - Cross-reference. This opens the cross-reference dialog where I can set Reference type to Picture. For "Insert reference to", there are 5 choices: - Entire caption - Only label and number - Only caption text - Page number - Above/below What I need is a reference that would be inserted like this: [4], and not like this: [Picture 4]; None of these options enable me to do it. Is there any way to make Word 2007 insert a reference to only Caption Number? Note: The document is written in Croatian language which has 7 declension cases, so using "Picture 4" would not be valid in all cases. Actually caption label Picture is set to croatian word "Slika" and when I need to say say "in the picture" I can't because it would be "na Slici 5." and not "na Slika 5." (like Word would make me do). That's why I need to reference only the caption number. Is that possible in Word 2007?

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  • Cheat Sheets for System Administrators?

    - by splattne
    I'd like to start a collection of good, free cheat sheet resources for system administrators. Please add your favorite ones. From the Wikipedia "cheat sheet" article: In more general usage, a "cheat sheet" is any short (one or two page) reference to terms, commands, or symbols where the user is expected to understand the use of such terms etc but not necessarily to have memorized all of them.

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  • iphone - creating a reference to a MPMoviePlayerController

    - by Mike
    At some point in my code I am creating a MPMoviePlayerController object and playing it. As I need to reference this object at some other methods in my code that runs asynchronously, I need to store a pointer to the movie object etc., so I can use that. Declaring MPMoviePlayerController * myMovie on the header file is out of question, because the compiler will give me an error saying "expected specifier-qualifier-list before 'MPMoviePlayerController'". If it was a view I could do something like [self.view viewWithTag:99]; to get the object, but the MPMoviePlayerController does not allow this. How can I obtain the movie object or store a reference to it, so I can call the object in other methods? thanks for any help.

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  • Create a subarray reference in C# (using unsafe ?)

    - by Wam
    Hello there, I'm refactoring a library we currently use, and I'm faced with the following problem. We used to have the following stuff : class Blah { float[][] data; public float[] GetDataReference(int index) { return data[index]; } } For various reasons, I have replaced this jagged array version with a 1 dimensionnal array version, concatenating inner arrays. My question is : how can I still return a reference to a sub array of data ? class Blah { float[] data; int rows; public float[] GetDataReference(int index) { // Return a reference data from offset i to offset j; } } I was thinking that unsafe and pointers stuff may be of use, is it doable ?

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  • How to change VS2010 Add Reference box filter ?

    - by rook
    I'm getting used to the new IDE (it's vc# express), but the first contact is somewhat confusing. When I open the Add Reference dialog and switch to the .NET tab, a label above the assembly list states: "Filtered to:.NET Framework 4". And it's true - I can reference .NET 4.0 assemblies only plus things like XNA 3.1. However I can't see older assemblies i.e. Managed DirectX libs, which are obviously installed on my computer as there was no trouble with adding a ref to them in vc#08. What is this? How to change the filter? The label is read-only. These sound like dull guy's questions, but I'm out of lack of finding an answer and there is no intuitive solution. Thanks in advance.

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  • When adding WCF service reference, configuration details are not added to web.config

    - by Mikey Cee
    Hi, I am trying to add a WCF service reference to my web application using VS2010. It seems to add OK, but the web.config is not updated, meaning I get a runtime exception: Could not find default endpoint element that references contract 'CoolService.CoolService' in the ServiceModel client configuration section. This might be because no configuration file was found for your application, or because no endpoint element matching this contract could be found in the client element. Obviously, because the service is not defined in my web.config. Steps to reproduce: Right click solution Add New Project ASP.NET Empty Web Application. Right click Service References in the new web app Add Service Reference. Enter address of my service and click Go. My service is visible in the left-hand Services section, and I can see all its operations. Type a namespace for my service. Click OK. The service reference is generated correctly, and I can open the Reference.cs file, and it all looks OK. Open the web.config file. It is still empty! <system.web> <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0" /> </system.web> <system.serviceModel> <bindings /> <client /> </system.serviceModel> Why is this happening? It also happens with a console application, or any other project type I try. Any help? Here is the app.config from my WCF service: <?xml version="1.0"?> <configuration> <system.web> <compilation debug="true" /> </system.web> <!-- When deploying the service library project, the content of the config file must be added to the host's app.config file. System.Configuration does not support config files for libraries. --> <system.serviceModel> <services> <service name="CoolSQL.Server.WCF.CoolService"> <endpoint address="" binding="webHttpBinding" contract="CoolSQL.Server.WCF.CoolService" behaviorConfiguration="SilverlightFaultBehavior"> <identity> <dns value="localhost" /> </identity> </endpoint> <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" /> <host> <baseAddresses> <add baseAddress="http://localhost:8732/Design_Time_Addresses/CoolSQL.Server.WCF/CoolService/" /> </baseAddresses> </host> </service> </services> <behaviors> <endpointBehaviors> <behavior name="webBehavior"> <webHttp /> </behavior> <behavior name="SilverlightFaultBehavior"> <silverlightFaults /> </behavior> </endpointBehaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name=""> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" /> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true" /> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> <bindings> <webHttpBinding> <binding name="DefaultBinding" bypassProxyOnLocal="true" useDefaultWebProxy="false" hostNameComparisonMode="WeakWildcard" sendTimeout="00:05:00" openTimeout="00:05:00" receiveTimeout="00:00:10" maxReceivedMessageSize="2147483647" transferMode="Streamed"> <readerQuotas maxArrayLength="2147483647" maxStringContentLength="2147483647" /> </binding> </webHttpBinding> </bindings> <extensions> <behaviorExtensions> <add name="silverlightFaults" type="CoolSQL.Server.WCF.SilverlightFaultBehavior, CoolSQL.Server.WCF" /> </behaviorExtensions> </extensions> <diagnostics> <messageLogging logEntireMessage="true" logMalformedMessages="false" logMessagesAtServiceLevel="true" logMessagesAtTransportLevel="false" maxMessagesToLog="3000" maxSizeOfMessageToLog="2000" /> </diagnostics> </system.serviceModel> <startup> <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.0" /> </startup> <system.diagnostics> <sources> <source name="System.ServiceModel.MessageLogging" switchValue="Information, ActivityTracing"> <listeners> <add name="messages" type="System.Diagnostics.XmlWriterTraceListener" initializeData="c:\messages.e2e" /> </listeners> </source> </sources> </system.diagnostics> </configuration>

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  • CComPtr pass by reference

    - by Mahesh
    I have a situation where I need to pass a CComPtr<IXmlReader> to a function by reference. Does the called parameter takes the ownership from the callee parameter (or) the reference count is increased? void foo( CComPtr<IXmlReader> & pReader ) { // There is no reassignment of the CComPtr. // Just call the IXmlReader methods. } CComPtr<IXmlReader> pReader; foo( pReader ); // Is pReader still valid after the function return ? Thanks.

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  • An Object reference is required for the non-static field

    - by Muhammad Akhtar
    I have make my existing method to static method to get access in javascript, like.. [WebMethod(EnableSession = true), ScriptMethod()] public static void Build(String ID) { Control releaseControl = LoadControl("~/Controls/MyControl.ascx"); //An Object reference is required for the non-static field, mthod or property // 'System.Web.UI.TemplateControl.LoadControl(string)' plc.Controls.Add(releaseControl); // where plc is place holder control //object reference is required for the nonstatic field, method, or property '_Default.pl' } When I build I am getting error and I have posted these in comments below each line before converted it to static method, it working perfectly. Please suggest me the solution of my issue. Thanks

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  • Foreign key reference to a two-column primary key

    - by Adam Ernst
    One of my tables has a two-column primary key: CREATE TABLE tournament ( state CHAR(2) NOT NULL, year INT NOT NULL, etc..., PRIMARY KEY(state, year) ); I want a reference to the tournament table from another table, but I want this reference to be nullable. Here's how I might do it, imagining that a winner doesn't necessarily have a tournament: CREATE TABLE winner ( name VARCHAR NOT NULL, state CHAR(2) NULL, year INT NULL ); If state is null but year is not, or vice-versa, the table would be inconsistent. I believe the following FOREIGN KEY constraint fixes it: ALTER TABLE winner ADD CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY fk (name, state) REFERENCES tournament (name, state); Is this the proper way of enforcing consistency? Is this schema properly normalized?

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  • Reference DLLs not loading in Visual Studio 2010

    - by Adam Haile
    I'm working on a C# 4.0 project in VS2010 and needed to use some older DLLs containing controls that were created in C# 3.5 on VS2008. When I first add the DLLs to the references, I was able to see the namespace via intellisense and create an instance of one of the controls, but when I go to build, it gives me the following error: The type or namespace name 'BCA' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) And I do have a using directive for that namespace already, which is now underlined in red, showing that VS cannot find it. And now, intellisense won't pick up that namespace at all. I even tried added the controls to the toolbox (which worked) but then when I drag them to the GUI, it says that it cannot locate the DLL reference, even though it obviously knows where it is. I even tried changing the target framework to 3.5, but still with the same results. Any thoughts as to why this could be happening?

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  • VS2010 converted project invalid reference

    - by Nathan
    Opening a .Net 2 project in VS2010 it converts the project without any issues BUT when I attempt to build it fails. The reason is that in VS2005 a reference was added to System.Web.Extensions which is a .Net 3.5 assembly. Now VS2005 never complained at this and quite happily worked but VS2010 is far more strict and won't allow it. I've tried changing the targeted framework to .Net 3.5 but I get another situation there where the web page is never displayed, it simply hangs not even getting to Applicatin_OnStart. Any help either on adding the reference with .Net 2 as target framework (prefered option for time) or getting the .Net 3.5 version to work would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Microsoft.SqlServer.SqlTools.VSIntegration reference problem/oddities in Visual Studio 2010

    - by Sung Meister
    SQL Server Edition: 2008 Enterprise Visual Studio: 2010 w/ .NET 4.0 SSMS 2008 Addin - Data Scripter project source code on CodePlex references Microsoft.SqlServer.SqlTools.VSIntegration.dll I have referenced the DLL under <<Microsoft SQL Server install location>>\100\Tools\Binn\VSShell\Common7\IDE But here is the oddity. Microsoft.SqlServer.SqlTools.VSIntegration.dll contains a namespace Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.UI.VSIntegration, which in turn contains ServiceCache (public sealed). As soon as I add the reference, ServiceCache is highlighted (meaning there is no reference issue) But the problem arises when I compile the project and VS 2010 throws up an error that it cannot find ServiceCache. The name 'ServiceCache' does not exist in the current context Why is that ServiceCache is not visible during compile time but looks like it's available right after adding the assembly? And Reflector does show that ServiceCache is part of the assembly that the project is referencing, but Visual Studio intellisense fails to display it. Any had this kind of problem? [UPDATE] Some screenshots Reflector clearly shows ServiceCache But Visual Studio 2010 says, otherwise...

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  • Repeater itemdatabound event value type and reference type

    - by Sune
    Im trying to bind a list with datetime objects to my repeater. if (e.Item.ItemType == ListItemType.AlternatingItem || e.Item.ItemType == ListItemType.Item) { DateTime actualDate = e.Item.DataItem as DateTime; } When I want access the itemdatabound event on the repeater Then I get an errormessage which says that DateTime is a valuetype and not a reference type. My solution is that a wrap the datetime in a custom object (reference type) and pass that to the repeater datasource instead of the datetime. But Im wondering if there are other solutions where the repeater takes valuetypes (DateTime objects)........

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  • Trying to include a library, but keep getting 'undefined reference to' messages

    - by KU1
    I am attempting to use the libtommath library. I'm using the NetBeans IDE for my project on Ubuntu linux. I have downloaded and built the library, I have done a 'make install' to put the resulting .a file into /usr/lib/ and the .h files into /usr/include It appears to be finding the files appropriately (since I no longer get those errors, which I did before installing into the /usr directories). However, when I create a simple main making a call to mp_init (which is in the library), I get the following error when I attempt to make my project: mkdir -p build/Debug/GNU-Linux-x86 rm -f build/Debug/GNU-Linux-x86/main.o.d gcc -c -g -MMD -MP -MF build/Debug/GNU-Linux-x86/main.o.d -o build/Debug/GNU-Linux-x86/main.o main.c mkdir -p dist/Debug/GNU-Linux-x86 gcc -o dist/Debug/GNU-Linux-x86/cproj1 build/Debug/GNU-Linux-x86/main.o build/Debug/GNU-Linux-x86/main.o: In function 'main': /home/[[myusername]]/NetBeansProjects/CProj1/main.c:18: undefined reference to `mp_init' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make[2]: *** [dist/Debug/GNU-Linux-x86/cproj1] Error 1 So, it looks like the linker can't find the function within the library, however it IS there, so I just don't know what could be causing this. Any help would be appreciated. I get the same error if I type the gcc command directly and skip the makefile, I also made sure the static library got compiled with gcc as well. Edited to Add: I get these same errors if I do the compile directly and add the library with -l or -L: $ gcc -l /usr/lib/libtommath.a main.c /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -l/usr/lib/libtommath.a collect2: ld returned 1 exit status $ gcc -llibtommath.a main.c /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -llibtommath.a collect2: ld returned 1 exit status $ gcc -Llibtommath.a main.c /tmp/ccOxzclw.o: In function `main': main.c:(.text+0x18): undefined reference to `mp_init' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status $ gcc -Llibtommath.a main.c /tmp/ccOxzclw.o: In function `main': main.c:(.text+0x18): undefined reference to `mp_init' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status I am very rusty on this stuff, so I'm not sure I'm using the right command here, in the -L examples are the libraries being found? If the library isn't being found how on earth do I get it to find the library? It's in /usr/lib, I've tried it with the .a file in the current directory, etc. Is there an environment variable I need to set? If so, how, etc. Thanks so much for the help. I've tried a completely different library (GMP) and had the EXACT same problem. This has got to be some kind of Ubuntu environment issue? Anyone have any idea how to fix this?

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  • JavaScript: Reference a functions local scope as an object

    - by eBusiness
    When I call a function, a local scope is erected for that call. Is there any way to directly reference that scope as an object? Just like window is a reference for the global scope object. Example: function test(foo){ var bar=1 //Now, can I access the object containing foo, bar, arguments and anything //else within the local scope like this: magicIdentifier.bar } Alternately, does anyone have a complete list of what is in the global scope on top of custom variables? Background: I'm trying to get down to a way of completely shifting to global scope from within a function call, the with statement is a joke, call works a little better, but it still breaks for anything declared in function scope but not in global scope, therefore I would declare these few cases in global scope, but that requires me to know what they are. The IE function execScript makes a complete shift, but that only solves the problem for IE. Note: To anyone loading JavaScript dynamically, setTimeout(code,1) is a simple effective hack to achieve global scope, but it will not execute immediately.

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  • Ambiguous reference in Stream

    - by Sharpeye500
    This is the webservice method i have LoadImageFromDB(int ID, ref Stream streamReturnVal) I have this on the top of the section using Stream = System.IO.MemoryStream; Whenever i consume this method(update web reference) from a web application, i get this error 'Stream' is an ambiguous reference between 'System.IO.Stream' and 'WebReference.Stream' Any thoughts? In webservice class using Stream = System.IO.MemoryStream; LoadImageFromDB(int ID, ref Stream streamReturnVal); In web page where above webservice is consumed: using WebReference; Stream streamReturnVal = null; streamReturnVal = new MemoryStream(); WebserviceInstanceName.LoadImageFromDB(100,streamReturnVal ); PS: Stream - is from System.IO.Stream

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  • Scala: working around the "illegal cyclic reference"

    - by Paul Milovanov
    Hi all, I'm trying to implement a HashMap-based tree that'd support O(1) subtree lookup for a given root key. To that goal, I'm trying to do the following: scala> type Q = HashMap[Char, Q] <console>:6: error: illegal cyclic reference involving type Q type Q = HashMap[Char, Q] ^ So the question is, is there a way for me to do something of the sort without resorting to the ugly HashMap[Char, Any] with subsequent casting of values to HashMap[Char, Any]? Now, I also see that I can use something like the following to avoid the cyclic-reference error, and it might even be cleaner -- but it'd be nice to find out how to correctly do it the first way, just for the educational value. import collections.mutable.HashMap class LTree { val children = new HashMap[Char, LTree] } Thanks a bunch.

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  • Page Lifecycle - Using FindControl to reference a control created programatically during page load

    - by Jay Wilde
    Hi, I'm creating some text boxes on my form programatically which I need to reference later using FindControl. I've put the FindControl instruction in the page load method after the code which creates them but get an error: "Object reference not set to an instance of an object." I assume this is because the textbox controls are not created until later in the lifecycle and therefore cannot be referenced from within Page_Load. Can someone advise where in my code-behind I would need to place the FindControl instruction so that it can find these programatically created text boxes?

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  • C# - Removing items from lists and all references to them.

    - by LiamV
    Hi there, I'm facing a situation where I have dependent objects and I would like to be able to remove an object and all references to it. Say I have an object structure like the code below, with a Branch type which references two Nodes. public class Node { // Has Some Data! } public class Branch { // Contains references to Nodes public Node NodeA public Node NodeB } public class Graph { public List<Node> Nodes; public List<Branch> Branches; } If I remove a Node from the Nodes list in the Graph class, it is still possible that one or more Branch objects still contains a reference to the removed Node, thus retaining it in memory, whereas really what I would quite like would be to set any references to the removed Node to null and let the garbage collection kick in. Other than enumerating through each Branch and checking each Node reference sequentially, are there any smart ideas on how I remove references to the Node in each Branch instance AND indeed any other class which reference the removed Node? Much appreciated, Liam

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