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• How to find which type of system call is used by a program

  - by bala1486

  I am working on x86_64 machine. My linux kernel is also 64 bit kernel. As there are different ways to implement a system call (int 80, syscall, sysenter), i wanted to know what type of system call my machine is using. I am newbie to linux. I have written a demo program. include int main() { getpid(); return 0; } getpid() does one system call. Can anybody give me a method to find which type of system call will be used by my machine for this program.. Thank you....

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• Understanding the output of ldd

  - by nebukadnezzar

  I'm having a hard time understanding the output of ldd - Especially the processor identifiers. The string in question is this one: Shortest.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, from ']', not stripped I have several questions about it: What does "ELF" mean? I know that's what Linux binaries are called like (Windows Binaries are called PE Binaries, "Portable Executable" Binaries), but isn't ELF an abbreviation for something? What does LSB mean? I can't even guess it... I see the string "Intel" there, now I seriously wonder about the portability of Linux binaries, as ldd seems to expect every binary to be compiled on a intel processor... but what if it wasn't compiled on a Intel processor? Or when I attempt to run the binary on a computer that doesn't run ontop of a Intel processor? Why the ']'? My guess is it should be some sort of Linker identify, but ']' doesn't look much like a Identifier... Thanks in advance

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• what is the difference between "./somescript.sh" and ". ./somescript.sh"

  - by Peter

  This question may sounds silly to you. Today I was following some instructions to install a software in Linux. There was a script that needs to be run first. It set some environment variables. The instruction told me to execute . ./setup.sh, but I made a mistake by executing ./setup.sh. So the env was not set. Finally I noticed this and proceeded. I want to know what exactly is the difference between both? I am completely new to Linux so please be as elaborate as possible.

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• Is there an ftp plugin for gedit that will let me work locally?

  - by RobertWHurst

  I'm trying to switch from a windows environment to Linux. I'm primarily PHP developer, but I do know quite a bit about other languages such as CSS, XHTML and Javascript. I need a way of editing my files locally because I work in a git repository and need to commit my saves. On windows I used Aptana and PDT. I'd save my files, upload via Aptana, then commit my work with git. I need to get a work flow going on my Linux machine now. If you know a better way to do this let me know, however my real question is, is there a plugin that allows gedit to upload files instead of working remotely?

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• MySql UDF using shared library won't load

  - by Jarrod

  I am attempting to create a mysql UDF which will match a fingerprint using Digital Persona's free linux SDK library. I have written a trivial UDF as a learning experience which worked fine. However, when I added a dependency to Digital Persona's shared object I can no longer get MySql to load my UDF. I added includes to DP's headers and compiled my UDF using: gcc -fPIC -Wall -I/usr/src/mysql-5.0.45-linux-i686-icc-glibc23/include -shared -o dp_udf.so dp_udf.cc I also tried adding the -static argument, but whenever I restart MySql, I get the error: Can't open shared library 'dp_udf.so' (errno: 0 /usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin/dp_udf.so: undefined symbol: MC_verifyFeaturesEx) MC_verifyFeaturesEx is a function defined "dpMatch.h" which I included, and is implemented in libdpfpapi.so which I have tried placing in the same location as my dp_udf.so and in /usr/lib. Am I doing something wrong with my call to gcc (my C++ skills are rusty) or does MySql not allow UDFs to use additional shared objects?

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• which command is used to block tcp port

  - by astha

  i want to block tcp port with the help of iptables commands linux which command is used for this purpose????

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• ptrace'ing of parent process

  - by osgx

  Hello Can child process use the ptrace system call to trace its parent? Os is linux 2.6 Thanks. upd1: I want to trace process1 from "itself". It is impossible, so I do fork and try to do ptrace(process1_pid, PTRACE_ATTACH) from child process. But I can't, there is a strange error, like kernel prohibits child from tracing their parent processes UPD2: such tracing can be prohibited by security policies. Which polices do this? Where is the checking code in the kernel? UPD3: on my embedded linux I have no errors with PEEKDATA, but not with GETREGS: child: getregs parent: -1 errno is 1, strerror is Operation not permitted errno = EPERM

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• malloc()/free() behavior differs between Debian and Redhat

  - by StasM

  I have a Linux app (written in C) that allocates large amount of memory (~60M) in small chunks through malloc() and then frees it (the app continues to run then). This memory is not returned to the OS but stays allocated to the process. Now, the interesting thing here is that this behavior happens only on RedHat Linux and clones (Fedora, Centos, etc.) while on Debian systems the memory is returned back to the OS after all freeing is done. Any ideas why there could be the difference between the two or which setting may control it, etc.?

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• How can I pipe a large amount of data as a runtime argument?

  - by Zombies

  Running an executable JAR on a linux platform here. The program it self works on a somewhat large amount of data, basically a list of URLs... could be up to 2k. Currently I get this from a simple DB call. But I was thinking that instead of creating a new mode and writing SQL to get a new result set and having to redploy everytime, I could just make the program more robust by passing in the result set (the list of URLs) that need to be worked on... so, within a linux environment, is there a pain-free/simple way to get the result set and pass it in dynamically? I know file i/o is one, but it doesn't seem to be effecient because each file has to be named, as well more logic to handle grabbing the correct file, creating a file with a unique name, etc.

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• How can I find file system concurrency issues ?

  - by krosenvold

  I have an application running on Linux, and I find myself wanting windows (!). The problem is that every 1000 times or so I run into concurrency problems that are consistent with concurrent reading/writing of files. I am fairly sure that this behavior would be prohibited by file locking under Windows, but I don't have any sufficiently fast windows box to check. There is simply too much file access (too much data) to expect strace to work reliably - the sheer volume of output is likely to change the problem too. It also happens on different files every time. Ideally I would like to change/reconfigure the linux file system to be more restrictive (as in fail-fast) wrt concurrent access. Are there any tools/settings I can use to achieve this ?

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• Testing the program in different OS

  - by Alex Farber

  I want to test my program by installing it in different OS versions. My development computer is Ubuntu. What other Linux versions can I test by installing them inside VirtualBox and running my program there? Though it is not critical for me right now, I want to try something different and see what happens. Also, what is the chance that the program running in Linux will work in the Unix OS? The program is not open source, I can distribute only pre-built binaries.

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• Android and Kernel-Modules...

  - by Nils Pipenbrinck

  So - Android is build on top of a stripped down linux system. Most of the convenient utilities are missing but all the basics are there. I can call insmod and rmmod. No problem. But where do kernel-modules and firmware files reside? I can't find any. there is no /lib/modules in the standard distribution. Problem: I need modules. For sure don't want to compile support for each and every usb-device in the world into the linux-kernel. Where should I put them?

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• Get colors in 'less'' command

  - by Werner

  Hi, when I read a file in linux with the command 'less' or 'more', how can i get the content in colors? thanks

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• Spawning and waiting for child processes in Python

  - by Brendan Long

  The relevant part of the code looks like this: pids = [] for size in SIZES: pids.append(os.spawnv(os.P_NOWAIT, RESIZECMD, [RESIZECMD, lotsOfOptions])) # Wait for all spawned imagemagick processes to finish while pids: (pid, status) = os.waitpid(0, 0) if pid: pids.remove(pid) What this should be doing is spawning all of the processes off, then waiting for each process to finish before continuing. What it does is work for the most part but sometimes crash on the next section (when it expects all of these processes to be finished). Is there something wrong with this? Is there a better way of doing it? The environment it has to work on is CentOS with Python 2.4, but I'm testing on Cygwin with Python 2.5, so it could be that it fails on my machine but will work on the Linux one (the Linux machine is very slow and this error is rare, so I haven't been able to get it on there).

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• When compiling programs to run inside a VM, what should march and mtune be set to?

  - by Russ

  With VMs being slave to whatever the host machine is providing, what compiler flags should be provided to gcc? I would normally think that -march=native would be what you would use when compiling for a dedicated box, but the fine detail that -march=native is going to as indicated in this article makes me extremely wary of using it. So... what to set -march and -mtune to inside a VM? For a specific example... My specific case right now is compiling python (and more) in a linux guest inside a KVM-based "cloud" host that I have no real control over the host hardware (aside from 'simple' stuff like CPU GHz m CPU count, and available RAM). Currently, cpuinfo tells me I've got an "AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 6176" but I honestly don't know (yet) if that is reliable and whether the guest can get moved around to different architectures on me to meet the host's infrastructure shuffling needs (sounds hairy/unlikely). All I can really guarantee is my OS, which is a 64-bit linux kernel where uname -m yields x86_64.

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• GPU Computing - # of GPUs supported

  - by TehTypoKing

  I currently have a desktop with 6 GPUs ( 3x HD 5970s ) in non-crossfire mode. Unfortunately, it seems that Windows 7 64bit only supports up to 4 GPUs. I have not been able to find a reliable source to deny or confirm this. If windows 7 has this limitation, is there a Linux flavor that supports more than 4 GPUs? In-case you are wondering, this is not for gaming but high-speed single precision computing. With this current setup ( if I can find 6gpu support ) I am looking to reach 13.8 Teraflops. Also, my motherboard does support 3 16x pci-xpress gen2 slots... and I have a 1500w powersupply plugged into a 20amp outlet. Windows is able to detect all 6 cores.. although, 2 of which displays the warning "Drivers failed to load". To recap: - Can windows support 6 GPUs? - If not, does Linux? Thank you.

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• double fork using vfork

  - by Oren S

  HI I am writing a part of a server which should dispatch some other child processes. Because I want to wait on some of the processes, and dispatch others without waiting for completion, I use double fork for the second kind of processes (thus avoiding the zombie processes). Problem is, my server holds a lot of memory, so forking takes a long time (even the copy-on-write fork used in Linux which copies only the paging tables) I want to replace the fork() with vfork(), and it's easy for the second fork (as it only calls execve() in the child), but I couldn't find any way I can replace the first one. Does anyone know how I can do that? Thanks! The server is a linux (RH5U4), written in C++.

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• Can I use GDB to debug a running process?

  - by Justin Ethier

  Under linux, can I use GDB to debug a process that is currently running?

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• Prevent unauthorised write access to a part of filesystem or partition

  - by gaurav

  Hello all I have some very important system files which I want to protect from accidental deletion even by root user. I can create a new partition for that and mount it with readonly access but the problem is that I want my application which handles those system files to have write access to that part and be able to modify them. Is that possible using VFS? As VFS handles access to the files I could have a module inserted in the VFS layer which can see if there is a write access to that part then see the authorization and allow it or otherwise reject it. If not please provide me suggestions regarding how can such a system be implemented what would I need in that case. If there exists a system like this please suggest about them also. I am using linux and want to implement this in C, I think it would be possible in C only. Edit: There are such kind of programs implemented in windows which can restrict access to administrator even, to some important folders, would that be possible in linux?

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• writing to a file in nasm using system calls

  - by yurib

  As part of an assignment I'm supposed to write to a file using system calls. Everything works fine except when I try to open the file in gedit (linux), it says it can't identify the character encoding. Notepad (on windows) opens the file just fine. Why doesn't it work on linux ? here's the code: section .text global _start _start: mov EAX, 8 mov EBX, filename mov ECX, 0700 int 0x80 mov EBX, EAX mov EAX, 4 mov ECX, text mov EDX, textlen int 0x80 mov EAX, 6 int 0x80 mov eax, 1 int 0x80 section .data filename db "./output.txt", 0 text db "hello world", 0 textlen equ $ - text thanks :)

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• Problem in enabling mod_rewrite in Ubuntu.

  - by Rajan

  Hi, I am trying to change from windows to linux server. And for that i am trying to enable mod_write in ubuntu. I have taken all the necessary steps to enable the mod_rewrite as mod_rewrite is displayed under loaded modules. I have set all the permissions for the .htacess file. But for some reason the rewrite does not appear to be working in the linux server. It was working fine while i was using the same code in windows server. Can anyone please help me in this issue. Your help will be really appreciated. Thanks. Rajan.

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• Sockets: RAW or STREAM

  - by user1415536

  May be the question is a bit stupid, but I'll ask it. I read a lot about raw sockets in network, have seen several examples. So, basically with raw sockets it's possible to build own stack of headers, like stack = IP + TCP/UDP + OWN_HEADER. My question is, is it possible to get some kind of ready frame of first two(IP + TCP/UDP) from the linux kernel and then just append own header to them? The operating system in question is linux and the language is C. I cannot find any function which can do such a thing, but may be I'm digging in a wrong direction.

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• Socket fd in multithreading

  - by Sunil

  Hi All, Is it ok to use same socket fd in multiple threads ? (over linux)

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• Is it easier to write filesystem drivers in userspace than in kernel space?

  - by Jack

  I will use the Linux NTFS driver as an example. The Linux kernel NTFS driver only has very limited write support in the kernel, and after 5 years it is still considered experimental. The same development team creates the ntfsmount userspace driver, which has almost perfect write support. Likewise, the NTFS-3G project which is written by a different team also has almost perfect write support. Why has the kernel drive taken so much longer? Is it much harder to develop for? Saying that there already exists a decent userspace application is not a reason why the kernel driver is not compelte. NOTE: Do not migrate this to superuser.com. I want a programing heavy answer, from a programming perspective, not a practical use answer. If the question is not appropriate for SO, please advise me as to why so I can edit it so it is.

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• OpenID PAM module

  - by Harvey Kwok

  I am looking for a PAM module that can use OpenID to do the authentication. My idea is that I want to logon my Linux box using my gmail account and password. I found there is a open source project in Google Code which seems to be doing the things I want but I don't see any code available for download. I saw there are so many examples or implementations but they are all about web apps. Is there any non-web based OpenID applications in the world? Is it technically possible to make a non-web based OpenID application? I naively think that it should be possible. I can emulate whatever packets the browser send out to the OpenID provider and get back the result. As long as my Linux box is connected to the Internet, I should be able to use my OpenID to login. Appreciate any comments, suggestions or pointers on how to make an OpenID PAM module. Thanks!

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