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  • The 20 Most Important Keyboard Shortcuts For Windows PCs

    - by Chris Hoffman
    Keyboard shortcuts are practically essential for using any type of PC. They’ll speed up almost everything you do. But long lists of keyboard shortcuts can quickly become overwhelming if you’re just getting started. This list will cover the most useful keyboard shortcuts that every Windows user should know. If you haven’t used keyboard shortcuts much, these will show you just how useful keyboard shortcuts can be. Windows Key + Search The Windows key is particularly important on Windows 8 — especially before Windows 8.1 — because it allows you to quickly return to the Start screen. On Windows 7, it opens the Start menu. Either way, you can start typing immediately after you press the Windows key to search for programs, settings, and files. For example, if you want to launch Firefox, you can press the Windows key, start typing the word Firefox, and press Enter when the Firefox shortcut appears. It’s a quick way to launch programs, open files, and locate Control Panel options without even touching your mouse and without digging through a cluttered Start menu. You can also use the arrow keys to select the shortcut you want to launch before pressing Enter. Copy, Cut, Paste Copy, Cut, and Paste are extremely important keyboard shortcuts for text-editing. If you do any typing on your computer, you probably use them. These options can be accessed using the mouse, either by right-clicking on selected text or opening the application’s Edit menu, but this is the slowest way to do it. After selecting some text, press Ctrl+C to copy it or Ctrl+X to cut it. Position the cursor where you want the text and use Ctrl+V to paste it. These shortcuts can save you a huge amount of time over using the mouse. Search the Current Page or File To quickly perform a search in the current application — whether you’re in a web browser, PDF viewer, document editor, or almost any other type of application — press Ctrl+F. The application’s search (or “Find”) feature will pop up, and you can instantly start typing a phrase you want to search for. You can generally press Enter to  go to the next appearance of the word or phrase in the document, quickly searching through it for what you’re interested in. Switch Between Applications and Tabs Rather than clicking buttons on your taskbar, Alt+Tab is a very quick way to switch between running applications. Windows orders the list of open windows by the order you accessed them, so if you’re only using two different applications, you can just press Alt+Tab to quickly switch between them. If switching between more than two windows, you’ll have to hold the Alt key and press Tab repeatedly to toggle through the list of open windows. If you miss the window you want, you can always press Alt+Shift+Tab to move through the list in reverse. To move between tabs in an application — such as the browser tabs in your web browser — press Ctrl+Tab. Ctrl+Shift+Tab will move through tabs in reverse. Quickly Print If you’re the kind of person who still prints things, you can quickly open the print window by pressing Ctrl+P. This can be faster than hunting down the Print option in every program you want to print something from. Basic Browser Shortcuts Web browser shortcuts can save you tons of time, too. Ctrl+T is a very useful one, as it will open a new tab with the address bar focused, so you can quickly press Ctrl +T, type a search phrase or web address, and press Enter to go there. To go back or forward while browsing, hold the Ctrl key and press the left or right arrow keys. If you’d just like to focus your web browser’s address bar so you can type a new web address or search without opening a new tab, press Ctrl + L. You can then start typing something and press Enter. Close Tabs and Windows To quickly close the current application, press Alt+F4. This works on the desktop and even in new Windows 8-style applications. To quickly close the current browser tab or document, press Ctrl+W. This will often close the current window if there are no other tabs open. Lock Your Computer When you’re done using your computer and want to step away, you may want to lock it. People won’t be able to log in and access your desktop unless they know your password. You can do this from the Start menu or Start screen, but the fastest way to lock your screen is by quickly pressing Windows Key + L before you get up. Access the Task Manager Ctrl+Alt+Delete will take you to a screen that allows you to quickly launch the Task Manager or perform other operations, such as signing out. This is particularly useful because if can be used to recover from situations where your computer doesn’t appear responsive or isn’t accepting input. For example, if a full-screen game becomes unresponsive, Ctrl+Alt+Delete will often allow you to escape from it and end it via the Task Manager. Windows 8 Shortcuts On Windows 8 PCs, there are other very important keyboard shortcuts. Windows Key + C will open your Charms bar, while Windows Key + Tab will open the new App Switcher. These keyboard shortcuts will allow you to avoid the hot corners, which can be tedious to use with a mouse. On the desktop side, Windows Key + D will take you back to the desktop from anywhere. Windows Key + X will open a special “power user menu” that gives you quick access to options that are hidden in the new Windows 8 interface, including Shut Down, Restart, and Control Panel. If you’re interested in learning more keyboard shortcuts, be sure to check our longer lists of 47 keyboard shortcuts that work in all web browsers and 42+ keyboard shortcuts to speed up text-editing. Image Credit: Jeroen Bennink on Flickr     

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  • How to get rid of annoying HorizontalContentAlignment binding warning?

    - by marco.ragogna
    I am working on a large WPF project and during debug my output window is filled with these annoying warnings: System.Windows.Data Information: 10 : Cannot retrieve value using the binding and no valid fallback value exists; using default instead. BindingExpression:Path=HorizontalContentAlignment; DataItem=null; target element is 'ComboBoxItem' (Name=''); target property is 'HorizontalContentAlignment' (type ' HorizontalAlignment') In the specific example ComboBoxItem is styled in this way: <Style x:Key="{x:Type ComboBoxItem}" TargetType="{x:Type ComboBoxItem}"> <Setter Property="OverridesDefaultStyle" Value="True"/> <Setter Property="SnapsToDevicePixels" Value="True"/> <Setter Property="Template"> <Setter.Value> <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type ComboBoxItem}"> <Border Name="bd" Padding="4,4,4,4" SnapsToDevicePixels="True" CornerRadius="2,2,2,2"> <ContentPresenter /> </Border> <ControlTemplate.Triggers> <Trigger Property="IsHighlighted" Value="true"> <Setter TargetName="bd" Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource MediumBrush}"/> <Setter TargetName="bd" Property="Padding" Value="4,4,4,4"/> <Setter TargetName="bd" Property="CornerRadius" Value="2,2,2,2"/> </Trigger> </ControlTemplate.Triggers> </ControlTemplate> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Style> I know that the problem is generated by the default theme definition for ComboBoxItem that contains things like: <Setter Property="Control.HorizontalContentAlignment"> <Setter.Value> <Binding Path="HorizontalContentAlignment" RelativeSource="{RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=ItemsControl, AncestorLevel=1}" /> </Setter.Value> </Setter> but I also thought that using <Setter Property="OverridesDefaultStyle" Value="True"/> would taken care of the problem, and instead warnings are still there. Any help is really appreciated

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  • Approaches to create a nested tree structure of NSDictionaries?

    - by d11wtq
    I'm parsing some input which produces a tree structure containing NSDictionary instances on the branches and NSString instance at the nodes. After parsing, the whole structure should be immutable. I feel like I'm jumping through hoops to create the structure and then make sure it's immutable when it's returned from my method. We can probably all relate to the input I'm parsing, since it's a query string from a URL. In a string like this: a=foo&b=bar&a=zip We expect a structure like this: NSDictionary { "a" => NSDictionary { 0 => "foo", 1 => "zip" }, "b" => "bar" } I'm keeping it just two-dimensional in this example for brevity, though in the real-world we sometimes see var[key1][key2]=value&var[key1][key3]=value2 type structures. The code hasn't evolved that far just yet. Currently I do this: - (NSDictionary *)parseQuery:(NSString *)queryString { NSMutableDictionary *params = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary]; NSArray *pairs = [queryString componentsSeparatedByString:@"&"]; for (NSString *pair in pairs) { NSRange eqRange = [pair rangeOfString:@"="]; NSString *key; id value; // If the parameter is a key without a specified value if (eqRange.location == NSNotFound) { key = [pair stringByReplacingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; value = @""; } else { // Else determine both key and value key = [[pair substringToIndex:eqRange.location] stringByReplacingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; if ([pair length] > eqRange.location + 1) { value = [[pair substringFromIndex:eqRange.location + 1] stringByReplacingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; } else { value = @""; } } // Parameter already exists, it must be a dictionary if (nil != [params objectForKey:key]) { id existingValue = [params objectForKey:key]; if (![existingValue isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]) { value = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:existingValue, [NSNumber numberWithInt:0], value, [NSNumber numberWithInt:1], nil]; } else { // FIXME: There must be a more elegant way to build a nested dictionary where the end result is immutable? NSMutableDictionary *newValue = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:existingValue]; [newValue setObject:value forKey:[NSNumber numberWithInt:[newValue count]]]; value = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:newValue]; } } [params setObject:value forKey:key]; } return [NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:params]; } If you look at the bit where I've added FIXME it feels awfully clumsy, pulling out the existing dictionary, creating an immutable version of it, adding the new value, then creating an immutable dictionary from that to set back in place. Expensive and unnecessary? I'm not sure if there are any Cocoa-specific design patterns I can follow here?

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  • Parse XML and populate in List Box

    - by cedar715
    I've posted the same question here and I've also got couple of good answers as well. While I was trying the same answers, I was getting compilation errors. Later I got to know that we are using .NET 2.0 and our existing application has no references to LINQ files. After searching in SO, i tried to figured out partly: public partial class Item { public object CHK { get; set; } public int SEL { get; set; } public string VALUE { get; set; } } Parsing: XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.LoadXml("<LISTBOX_ST> <item><CHK></CHK><SEL>00001</SEL><VALUE>val01</VALUE></item> <item><CHK></CHK><SEL>00002</SEL><VALUE>val02</VALUE></item> <item><CHK></CHK><SEL>00003</SEL><VALUE>val03</VALUE></item> <item><CHK></CHK><SEL>00004</SEL><VALUE>val04</VALUE></item> <item><CHK></CHK><SEL>00005</SEL><VALUE>val05</VALUE></item> </LISTBOX_ST>"); List<Item> _lbList = new List<Item>(); foreach (XmlNode node in doc.DocumentElement.ChildNodes) { string text = node.InnerText; //or loop through its children as well //HOW - TO - POPULATE THE ITEM OBJECT ?????? } listBox1.DataSource = _lbList; listBox1.DisplayMember = "VALUE"; listBox1.ValueMember = "SEL"; How to read two child nodes - SEL and VALUE of node and populate the same in the new Item DTO??

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  • How to start a ColorAnimation from a MultiTrigger in a ControlTemplate ?

    - by banzai
    Hi all I have the following ControlTemplate for a WPF TabItem: <ControlTemplate x:Key="DefaultTabItemTemplate" TargetType="{x:Type TabItem}"> <ControlTemplate.Resources> <SolidColorBrush x:Key="UnselectedForegroundBrush" Color="#414141" /> <!-- Unique color for this template --> <SolidColorBrush x:Key="SelectedForegroundBrush" Color="#457581" /> <!-- Unique color for this template --> <SolidColorBrush x:Key="MouseOverTextBrush" x:Name="local_MouseOverTextBrush" Color="#FFF2F2F2"/> </ControlTemplate.Resources> <Grid> <Border Name="Border" MinHeight="30" Margin="0,0,0,-1" Background="{DynamicResource TabControlBackgroundBrush}" BorderBrush="{DynamicResource ndt_DisabledForegroundBrush}" BorderThickness="1,1,1,1" CornerRadius="0,0,0,0" > <ContentPresenter x:Name="ContentSite" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center" TextElement.FontStretch="UltraExpanded" TextElement.FontWeight="UltraBlack" ContentSource="Header" Margin="12,2,12,2" RecognizesAccessKey="True" /> </Border> </Grid> <ControlTemplate.Triggers> <Trigger Property="IsSelected" Value="True"> <Setter Property="Panel.ZIndex" Value="2" /> <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Background" Value="{DynamicResource ndt_TabControlBackgroundBrush}" /> <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="BorderThickness" Value="1,1,1,0" /> <Setter TargetName="ContentSite" Property="TextElement.Foreground" Value="{StaticResource SelectedForegroundBrush}" /> </Trigger> <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False"> <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Background" Value="{DynamicResource ndt_DisabledBackgroundBrush}" /> <Setter TargetName="ContentSite" Property="TextElement.Foreground" Value="{DynamicResource ndt_DarkGray}" /> <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{DynamicResource ndt_DisabledForegroundBrush}" /> </Trigger> <MultiTrigger> <MultiTrigger.Conditions> <Condition Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True" /> <Condition Property="IsSelected" Value="False" /> </MultiTrigger.Conditions> <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Background" Value="{DynamicResource ndt_NavigationAreaBrush}" /> <Setter TargetName="ContentSite" Property="TextElement.Foreground" Value="{DynamicResource MouseOverTextBrush}" /> </MultiTrigger> </ControlTemplate.Triggers> </ControlTemplate> Everything works fine so far. The MultiTrigger at the end of the template defines a mouse over effect for not selected TabItems. Now I thought the change in color for this mouse over effect looks a bit brash so let´s animate it with a ColorAnimation. But don´t count the chickens before they hatch - everything I tried didn´t work. Maybe I oversee the obvious - but how to achieve this feat ? Thanks in advance banzai

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  • xsl:variable contains nodeset. How to output nth node of variable?

    - by dnagirl
    I am transforming an XML document. There is an attribute @prettydate that is a string similar to "Friday, May 7, 2010". I want to split that string and add links to the month and the year. I am using the exslt:strings module and I can add any other necessary EXSLT module. This is my code so far: <xsl:template match="//calendar"> <xsl:variable name="prettyparts"> <xsl:value-of select="str:split(@prettydate,', ')"/> </xsl:variable> <table class='day'> <thead> <caption><xsl:value-of select="$prettyparts[1]"/>, <a> <xsl:attribute name='href'><xsl:value-of select="$baseref"/>?date=<xsl:value-of select="@highlight"/>&amp;per=m</xsl:attribute> <xsl:value-of select='$prettyparts[2]'/> </a> <xsl:value-of select='$prettyparts[3]'/>, <a> <xsl:attribute name='href'><xsl:value-of select="$baseref"/>?date=<xsl:value-of select="@highlight"/>&amp;per=y</xsl:attribute> <xsl:value-of select='$prettyparts[4]'/> </a> </caption> <!--etcetera--> I have verified, by running $prettyparts through a <xml:for-each/> that I am getting the expected nodeset: <token>Friday</token> <token>May</token> <token>7</token> <token>2010</token> But no matter which way I attempt to refer to a particular <token> directly (not in a foreach) I get nothing or various errors to do with invalid types. Here's some of the syntax I've tried: <xsl:value-of select="$prettyparts[2]"/> <xsl:value-of select="$prettyparts/token[2]"/> <xsl:value-of select="exsl:node-set($prettyparts/token[2])"/> <xsl:value-of select="exsl:node-set($prettyparts/token)[2]"/> Any idea what the expression ought to be?

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  • Helping linqtosql datacontext use implicit conversion between varchar column in the database and tab

    - by user213256
    I am creating an mssql database table, "Orders", that will contain a varchar(50) field, "Value" containing a string that represents a slightly complex data type, "OrderValue". I am using a linqtosql datacontext class, which automatically types the "Value" column as a string. I gave the "OrderValue" class implicit conversion operators to and from a string, so I can easily use implicit conversion with the linqtosql classes like this: // get an order from the orders table MyDataContext db = new MyDataContext(); Order order = db.Orders(o => o.id == 1); // use implicit converstion to turn the string representation of the order // value into the complex data type. OrderValue value = order.Value; // adjust one of the fields in the complex data type value.Shipping += 10; // use implicit conversion to store the string representation of the complex // data type back in the linqtosql order object order.Value = value; // save changes db.SubmitChanges(); However, I would really like to be able to tell the linqtosql class to type this field as "OrderValue" rather than as "string". Then I would be able to avoid complex code and re-write the above as: // get an order from the orders table MyDataContext db = new MyDataContext(); Order order = db.Orders(o => o.id == 1); // The Value field is already typed as the "OrderValue" type rather than as string. // When a string value was read from the database table, it was implicity converted // to "OrderValue" type. order.Value.Shipping += 10; // save changes db.SubmitChanges(); In order to achieve this desired goal, I looked at the datacontext designer and selected the "Value" field of the "Order" table. Then, in properties, I changed "Type" to "global::MyApplication.OrderValue". The "Server Data Type" property was left as "VarChar(50) NOT NULL" The project built without errors. However, when reading from the database table, I was presented with the following error message: Could not convert from type 'System.String' to type 'MyApplication.OrderValue'. at System.Data.Linq.DBConvert.ChangeType(Object value, Type type) at Read_Order(ObjectMaterializer1 ) at System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.ObjectReaderCompiler.ObjectReader2.MoveNext() at System.Linq.Buffer1..ctor(IEnumerable1 source) at System.Linq.Enumerable.ToArray[TSource](IEnumerable`1 source) at Example.OrdersProvider.GetOrders() at ... etc From the stack trace, I believe this error is happening while reading the data from the table. When presented with converting a string to my custom data type, even though the implicit conversion operators are present, the DBConvert class gets confused and throws an error. Is there anything I can do to help it not get confused and do the implicit conversion? Thanks in advance, and apologies if I have posted in the wrong forum. cheers / Ben

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  • Problem with skipping empty cells while importing data from .xlsx file in asp.net c# application

    - by Eedoh
    Hi to all. I have a problem with reading .xlsx files in asp.net mvc2.0 application, using c#. Problem occurs when reading empty cell from .xlsx file. My code simply skips this cell and reads the next one. For example, if the contents of .xlsx file are: FirstName LastName Age John 36 They will be read as: FirstName LastName Age John 36 Here's the code that does the reading. private string GetValue(Cell cell, SharedStringTablePart stringTablePart) { if (cell.ChildElements.Count == 0) return string.Empty; //get cell value string value = cell.ElementAt(0).InnerText;//CellValue.InnerText; //Look up real value from shared string table if ((cell.DataType != null) && (cell.DataType == CellValues.SharedString)) value = stringTablePart.SharedStringTable.ChildElements[Int32.Parse(value)].InnerText; return value; } private DataTable ExtractExcelSheetValuesToDataTable(string xlsxFilePath, string sheetName) { DataTable dt = new DataTable(); using (SpreadsheetDocument myWorkbook = SpreadsheetDocument.Open(xlsxFilePath, true)) { //Access the main Workbook part, which contains data WorkbookPart workbookPart = myWorkbook.WorkbookPart; WorksheetPart worksheetPart = null; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(sheetName)) { Sheet ss = workbookPart.Workbook.Descendants<Sheet>().Where(s => s.Name == sheetName).SingleOrDefault<Sheet>(); worksheetPart = (WorksheetPart)workbookPart.GetPartById(ss.Id); } else { worksheetPart = workbookPart.WorksheetParts.FirstOrDefault(); } SharedStringTablePart stringTablePart = workbookPart.SharedStringTablePart; if (worksheetPart != null) { Row lastRow = worksheetPart.Worksheet.Descendants<Row>().LastOrDefault(); Row firstRow = worksheetPart.Worksheet.Descendants<Row>().FirstOrDefault(); if (firstRow != null) { foreach (Cell c in firstRow.ChildElements) { string value = GetValue(c, stringTablePart); dt.Columns.Add(value); } } if (lastRow != null) { for (int i = 2; i <= lastRow.RowIndex; i++) { DataRow dr = dt.NewRow(); bool empty = true; Row row = worksheetPart.Worksheet.Descendants<Row>().Where(r => i == r.RowIndex).FirstOrDefault(); int j = 0; if (row != null) { foreach (Cell c in row.ChildElements) { //Get cell value string value = GetValue(c, stringTablePart); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value) && value != "") empty = false; dr[j] = value; j++; if (j == dt.Columns.Count) break; } if (empty) break; dt.Rows.Add(dr); } } } } } return dt; }

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  • How to set a default value in an IF snippet?

    - by kuti
    Hello, I have the following snippet in a bash script written in Solaris 10: printf "port(389)=" read PORT if [[ $PORT == "" ]]; then PORT=389 fi What I am trying to get that if the user hits the enter key, the Port should be set to 389. The snippet above does not seem to be working. Any suggestions?

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  • Array of Structs Initialization....

    - by user69514
    Hi I am working on a program where I have to initialize a deck of cards. I am using a struct to represent a card. However I'm not filling it correctly as I get a bunch of zero's when I display the deck of cards. I believe my mistake is in this line but I'm not sure: struct card temp = {"Clubs", value, false}; The code: void initCards(){ int count = 0; int location = 0; const int hand = 12; //add hearts int value=2; while( count < hand ){ struct card temp = {"Hearts", value, false}; cards[location] = temp; value++; count++; } count = 0; //add diamonts value = 2; while( count < hand ){ struct card temp = {"Diamonds", value, false}; cards[count] = temp; value++; count++; } //add spades count = 0; value = 2; while( count < hand ){ struct card temp = {"Spades", value, false}; cards[count] = temp; value++; count++; } //add clubs count = 0; value = 2; while( count < hand ){ struct card temp = {"Clubs", value, false}; cards[count] = temp; value++; count++; } //print the deck for(int i=0; i<52; i++){ cout << cards[i].type << " " << cards[i].rank << endl; } }

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  • Able to connect by SSH, but not x2go

    - by Mike
    I am having trouble connecting to a remote server with X2GO using a DSA key. Connecting works fine over SSH, but when I try to connect with X2GO, it goes immediately to the username/password box and doesn't want to use the private key I specify in the options. If I select "Try auto login" it appears to try to connect and then I get the following error: No public key matched Access denied. Authentication that can continue: publickey It was working previously, but I reinstalled the client OS and since then I am unable to connect. I copied all of the SSH keys over from the previous installation. I also tried deleting my ~/.ssh/known_hosts file and adding the key to ssh-agent with no success, but the key is definitely added correctly: $ ssh-add -l 1024 b9:3d:e5:ef:48:ea:fc:c6:6e:45:89:b5:35:e7:58:39 server.com_dsa (DSA) Note, if I enable password authentication on the server, I can connect fine, however I would like to use publickey. Any ideas how I can connect with public key authentication?

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  • Fedora 12 How to Force a Display to Load on Boot even when no Monitor is Attached

    - by key
    When booting Fedora 12 with no monitor connected, if I connect a monitor later it gives a no signal error. I think it is set to auto-detect if a monitor is connected or not and load a display based of that. Since it initially detects no monitor no display is loaded. What I would like to do is have it act as if a monitor was always connected and provide the display signal always. I don't know if this is the issue or not but if you know how I might be able to fix this issue so that I can connect a monitor whenever I feel like it without having to restart that would be best. Thanks for the help! :D

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  • SQL SERVER – Introduction to PERCENTILE_DISC() – Analytic Functions Introduced in SQL Server 2012

    - by pinaldave
    SQL Server 2012 introduces new analytical function PERCENTILE_DISC(). The book online gives following definition of this function: Computes a specific percentile for sorted values in an entire rowset or within distinct partitions of a rowset in Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Release Candidate 0 (RC 0). For a given percentile value P, PERCENTILE_DISC sorts the values of the expression in the ORDER BY clause and returns the value with the smallest CUME_DIST value (with respect to the same sort specification) that is greater than or equal to P. If you are clear with understanding of the function – no need to read further. If you got lost here is the same in simple words – find value of the column which is equal or more than CUME_DIST. Before you continue reading this blog I strongly suggest you read about CUME_DIST function over here Introduction to CUME_DIST – Analytic Functions Introduced in SQL Server 2012. Now let’s have fun following query: USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT SalesOrderID, OrderQty, ProductID, CUME_DIST() OVER(PARTITION BY SalesOrderID ORDER BY ProductID ) AS CDist, PERCENTILE_DISC(0.5) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY ProductID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID) AS PercentileDisc FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43670, 43669, 43667, 43663) ORDER BY SalesOrderID DESC GO The above query will give us the following result: You can see that I have used PERCENTILE_DISC(0.5) in query, which is similar to finding median but not exactly. PERCENTILE_DISC() function takes a percentile as a passing parameters. It returns the value as answer which value is equal or great to the percentile value which is passed into the example. For example in above example we are passing 0.5 into the PERCENTILE_DISC() function. It will go through the resultset and identify which rows has values which are equal to or great than 0.5. In first example it found two rows which are equal to 0.5 and the value of ProductID of that row is the answer of PERCENTILE_DISC(). In some third windowed resultset there is only single row with the CUME_DIST() value as 1 and that is for sure higher than 0.5 making it as a answer. To make sure that we are clear with this example properly. Here is one more example where I am passing 0.6 as a percentile. Now let’s have fun following query: USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT SalesOrderID, OrderQty, ProductID, CUME_DIST() OVER(PARTITION BY SalesOrderID ORDER BY ProductID ) AS CDist, PERCENTILE_DISC(0.6) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY ProductID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID) AS PercentileDisc FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43670, 43669, 43667, 43663) ORDER BY SalesOrderID DESC GO The above query will give us the following result: The result of the PERCENTILE_DISC(0.6) is ProductID of which CUME_DIST() is more than 0.6. This means for SalesOrderID 43670 has row with CUME_DIST() 0.75 is the qualified row, resulting answer 773 for ProductID. I hope this explanation makes it further clear. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Function, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • Getting to grips with the stack in nasm

    - by MarkPearl
    Today I spent a good part of my day getting to grips with the stack and nasm. After looking at my notes on nasm I think this is one area for the course I am doing they could focus more on… So here are some snippets I have put together that have helped me understand a little bit about the stack… Simplest example of the stack You will probably see examples like the following in circulation… these demonstrate the simplest use of the stack… org 0x100 bits 16 jmp main main: push 42h push 43h push 44h mov ah,2h ;set to display characters pop dx    ;get the first value int 21h   ;and display it pop dx    ;get 2nd value int 21h   ;and display it pop dx    ;get 3rd value int 21h   ;and display it int 20h The output from above code would be… DCB Decoupling code using “call” and “ret” This is great, but it oversimplifies what I want to use the stack for… I do not know if this goes against the grain of assembly programmers or not, but I want to write loosely coupled assembly code – and I want to use the stack as a mechanism for passing values into my decoupled code. In nasm we have the call and return instructions, which provides a mechanism for decoupling code, for example the following could be done… org 0x100 bits 16 jmp main ;---------------------------------------- displayChar: mov ah,2h mov dx,41h int 21h ret ;---------------------------------------- main: call displayChar int 20h   This would output the following to the console A So, it would seem that call and ret allow us to jump to segments of our code and then return back to the calling position – a form of segmenting the code into what we would called in higher order languages “functions” or “methods”. The only issue is, in higher order languages there is a way to pass parameters into the functions and return results. Because of the primitive nature of the call and ret instructions, this does not seem to be obvious. We could of course use the registers to pass values into the subroutine and set values coming out, but the problem with this is we… Have a limited number of registers Are threading our code with tight coupling (it would be hard to migrate methods outside of their intended use in a particular program to another one) With that in mind, I turn to the stack to provide a loosely coupled way of calling subroutines… First attempt with the Stack Initially I thought this would be simple… we could use code that looks as follows to achieve what I want… org 0x100 bits 16 jmp main ;---------------------------------------- displayChar: mov ah,2h pop dx int 21h ret ;---------------------------------------- main: push 41h call displayChar int 20h   However running this application does not give the desired result, I want an ‘A’ to be returned, and I am getting something totally different (you will to). Reading up on the call and ret instructions a discovery is made… they are pushing and popping things onto and off the stack as well… When the call instruction is executed, the current value of IP (the address of the instruction to follow) is pushed onto the stack, when ret is called, the last value on the stack is popped off into the IP register. In effect what the above code is doing is as follows with the stack… push 41h push current value of ip pop current value of ip to dx pop 41h to ip This is not what I want, I need to access the 41h that I pushed onto the stack, but the call value (which is necessary) is putting something in my way. So, what to do? Remember we have other registers we can use as well as a thing called indirect addressing… So, after some reading around, I came up with the following approach using indirect addressing… org 0x100 bits 16 jmp main ;---------------------------------------- displayChar: mov bp,sp mov ah,2h mov dx,[bp+2] int 21h ret ;---------------------------------------- main: push 41h call displayChar int 20h In essence, what I have done here is used a trick with the stack pointer… it goes as follows… Push 41 onto the stack Make the call to the function, which will push the IP register onto the stack and then jump to the displayChar label Move the value in the stack point to the bp register (sp currently points at IP register) Move the at the location of bp minus 2 bytes to dx (this is now the value 41h) display it, execute the ret instruction, which pops the ip value off the stack and goes back to the calling point This approach is still very raw, some further reading around shows that I should be pushing the value of bp onto the stack before replacing it with sp, but it is the starting thread to getting loosely coupled subroutines. Let’s see if you get what the following output would be? org 0x100 bits 16 jmp main ;---------------------------------------- displayChar: mov bp,sp mov ah,2h mov dx,[bp+4] int 21h mov dx,[bp+2] int 21h ret ;---------------------------------------- main: push 41h push 42h call displayChar int 20h The output is… AB Where to from here? If by any luck some assembly programmer comes along and see this code and notices that I have made some fundamental flaw in my logic… I would like to know, so please leave a comment… appreciate any feedback!

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  • Difference between adding MIME types in IIS via Websites vs Local Computer?

    - by Alex Key
    What is the difference between adding MIME types in these 2 different situations? When in IIS 6 manager... Right click on the computer name (local computer) properties mime types Right click on the "Web sites" folder properties http headers mime types I'm guessing that perhaps option 1 adds MIME types for FTP also? However if that were true i'd expect to be able to add MIME types specifically in the properties of FTP (and not just websites). thanks for your help.

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  • Efficiently checking input and firing events

    - by Jim
    I'm writing an InputHandler class in XNA, and there are several different keys considered valid input (all of type Microsoft.XNA.Framework.Input.Keys). For each key, I have three events: internal event InputEvent XYZPressed; internal event InputEvent XYZHeld; internal event InputEvent XYZReleased; where XYZ is the name of the Keys object representing that key. To fire these events, I have the following for each key: if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(XYZ)) { if (PreviousKeyState.IsKeyDown(XYZ)) { if (XYZHeld != null) XYZHeld(); } else { if (XYZPressed != null) XYZPressed(); } } else if (PreviousKeyState.IsKeyDown(XYZ)) { if (XYZReleased != null) XYZReleased(); } However, this is a lot of repeated code (the above needs to be repeated for each input key). Aside from being a hassle to write, if any keys are added to/removed from the keys (if functionality is added/removed), a new section needs to be added (or an existing one removed). Is there a cleaner way to do this? Perhaps something along the lines of foreach key check which state it's in fire this key's event for that state where the code does the foreach (automatically checking exactly those keys that "exist") rather than the coder?

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  • Using OpenVPN, yet netflix.com blocks access

    - by user837848
    I have set up an OpenVPN server on a VPS in the USA and configured it to route all clients traffic through it. Everything seems to work fine regarding the VPN connection in gerneral. All ip lookup sites show me the us server's ip address and even hulu.com works(it won't work if you are not in the usa). But for some reason netflix.com says "Sorry, Netflix is not available in your country yet.". So I thought that netflix probably uses some more sophisticated ways to determine your location beyond just your ip address. But I could not find a way to get it to work until I dropped the idea of using a VPN and instead connected to the server via a simple socks tunnel with ssh by running: ssh -D 9999 user@serverip All I had to do was changing the key network.proxy.socks_remote_dns in Firefox from false to true to prevent DNS leaks and setting up the socks proxy. Then I could finally watch netflix.com. As a result I concluded that there is nothing in the browser(or something like system timezone) that tells netflix the location, so it has to have something to do with the OpenVPN config. After that I used tcpdump to log all the traffic on the server's network interface venet0 (OpenVZ VPS), visited netflix.com on the client while first connected to the VPN and then connected via socks tunnel and afterwards compared both outputs. The only thing that caught my eye was that while using the socks tunnel the server mainly used ipv6 to connect to netflix whereas it only used ipv4 when the client was connected to the OpenVPN server. But I don't get how that could make such a difference. So what am I missing? Is there a way to configure OpenVPN to also use ipv6 to connect to a website although there is only an ipv4 connection between the VPS and the client? Here is the server.conf of the OpenVPN server (OpenVZ VPS) local serverip port 443 proto tcp dev tun ca ./easy-rsa2/keys/ca.crt cert ./easy-rsa2/keys/vps1.crt key ./easy-rsa2/keys/vps1.key # This file should be kept secret dh ./easy-rsa2/keys/dh1024.pem server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4" client-to-client keepalive 10 120 tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret cipher AES-256-CBC comp-lzo max-clients 4 user nobody group nogroup persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status.log log-append openvpn.log verb 3 iptables forwarding iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o venet0 -j SNAT --to-source serverip (enabled ipv4 forwarding) I have tried everything always on a Win7 and a Debian client with only ipv4 connections and always made sure that they use the correct DNS server (tested with ipleak.net and tcpdump / wireshark). client.conf: client dev tun proto tcp remote serverip 443 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt cert client.crt key client.key ns-cert-type server tls-auth ta.key 1 cipher AES-256-CBC comb-lzo verb 3

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  • How to Audit and Monitor BI Publisher Reports Access?

    - by kanichiro.nishida
    Do you know who is accessing to which report at what time at your reporting environment ? As you delivered the BI Publisher reports to the production environment and your users start using them as part of their daily business operations you might wonder such questions. With compliance becoming an integral part of any business requirement, auditing your reporting environment is also becoming one of the most critical and hot agenda in today’s enterprise reporting deployments. Also, I believe that auditing the reporting environment is not just for the compliance, but also the way to understand how your users are using the reports and be able to improve the user reporting experience. BI Publisher have introduced Enterprise Level Auditing feature with its 11G release, with an integration of Oracle Fusion Middleware Audit Framework, which comes out of the box with the installation. Yes, this is another great example of the benefit of its tight integration with Fusion Middleware introduced with BI Publisher 11g release. What Information Can I Know about our Reporting Environment? With this new Auditing feature you can now gain the following insights. When a particular user login or logout What report is accessed by who and when and how How long does it take to process a particular report Yes, it’s all there. This is a great news for 10G users, right ? I used to be one of them working with many different IT organizations and were craving for this, but it’s here now with 11G! How Can I Access to the Auditing Information? With the Fusion Middleware Auditing Framework, BI Publisher feed such information either to a log file or to a database. If you decided to get the data into the database then, of course you know, you can use BI Publisher to report and publish, or visualize the data to gain more insights. One thing though, in order to feed the data it requires a few extra steps, which I’ll cover it later.  Regardless of whether it’s the log file or the database to store the Auditing data, first, you need to enable the Auditing feature, which is not enabled as default. So, let’s take a look at how to enable it. How to Enable Auditing Feature? Here is a quick list of the steps: Enable Auditing related properties in BI Publisher configuration file Copy component_events.xml file to Fusion Middleware Audit Framework’s location Enable Auditing Policy with Fusion Middleware Control (Enterprise Manager) Restart WebLogic Server Enable Auditing related properties in BI Publisher configuration file Open xmlp-server-config.xml file, which is located under $BI_HOME/ user_projects/domains/bifoundation_domain/config/bipublisher/repository/Admin/Configuration directory. Set the following three properties values to ‘true’. AUDIT_ENABLED MONITORING_ENABLED AUDIT_JPS_INTEGRATION The ‘AUDIT_JPS_INTEGRATION’ is not in the file as default, so you need to add this. Here is an example of how it looks for the xmlp-server-config.xml file after the modification. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><xmlpConfigxmlns="http://xmlns.oracle.com/oxp/xmlp"> <property name="SAW_SERVER" value="adc6160510"/> <property name="SAW_SESSION_TIMEOUT" value="90"/> <property name="DEBUG_LEVEL" value="exception"/> <property name="SAW_PORT" value="7001"/> <property name="SAW_PASSWORD" value=""/> <property name="SAW_PROTOCOL" value="http"/> <property name="SAW_VERSION" value="v6"/> <property name="SAW_USERNAME" value=""/> <property name="SAW_URL_SUFFIX" value="analytics/saw.dll"/> <property name="MONITORING_ENABLED" value="true"/> <property name="MONITORING_DEFAULT_HISTORY_SIZE" value="30"/> <property name="AUDIT_ENABLED" value="true"/> <property name="JSESSION_RESET_DISABLED" value="true"/> <property name="SECURITY_MODEL" value="ORACLE_AS_JPS"/> <property name="AUDIT_JPS_INTEGRATION" value="true"/> </xmlpConfig>   Copy component_events.xml file to Audit Framework’s location There is a Audit related configuration file provided by BI Publisher that needs to be copied to the Audit Framework location. 1. Go to the following directory. $BI_HOME /oracle_common/modules/oracle.iau_11.1.1/components 2. Create a directory called ‘xmlpserver’ 3. Copy component_events.xml file from /user_projects/domains/bifoundation_domain/config/bipublisher/repository/Admin/Audit To the newly created ‘xmlpserver’ directory. Enable Auditing Policy with Fusion Middleware Control (EM) Now you can set a level of the auditing for each BI Publisher’s auditing type by using Fusion Middleware Control (a.k.a. Enterprise Manager). 1. Login to Fusion Middleware Control UI http://hostname:port/em (e.g. reporting.oracle.com:7001/em) 2. Access to Audit Policy configuration UI from the menu Under WebLogic Domain, right-click bifoundation_domain, select Security and then click Audit Policy.   3. Set Audit Level for BI Publisher. While you can select ‘Custom’ to set a customized level of Auditing for each component, I’m selecting ‘Medium’ for this exercise.   Restart WebLogic Server After all the above settings, now you need to restart the WebLogic Server instance in order to take those changes in effect. If you’re on Windows you can simply do this by selecting ‘Stop BI Servers’ and ‘Start BI Servers’ from the Start menu. If you’re on Linux then you can run ‘stopWebLogic.sh’ and ‘startWebLogic.sh’, which can be found under $BI_HOME/user_projects/domains/bifoundation_domain/bin Start Auditing! Now assuming that you have completed the above steps successfully, then from this point on any reporting activity should be audited and stored in the auditing log file, which can be found at $BI_HOME/user_projects/domains/bifoundation_domain/servers/AdminServer/logs/auditlogs/xmlpserver/audit.log And here is a sample of the log file: 2011-02-18 02:25:49.928 "" "ReportRendering" true - "82d4bdc47b99b33c:-7e3f334f:12e365c4d9c:-8000-0000000000000022,0" - - - - "bipublisher(11.1.1)" "ReportExecution" "200" "" "/Sample Lite/Published Reporting/Reports/Balance Letter.xdo" "pdf" "RTF Corp Styles" "en_US" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 86608512 486989824 24517 169 - - - 2011-02-18 02:25:49.929 "steve.jobs" "ReportRequest" true - "82d4bdc47b99b33c:-7e3f334f:12e365c4d9c:-8000-0000000000000022,0" - - - - "bipublisher(11.1.1)" "ReportAccess" "200" "" "" "pdf" "RTF Corp Styles" - - - true - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2011-02-18 03:25:49.554 "" "ReportDataProcess" true - "82d4bdc47b99b33c:-7e3f334f:12e365c4d9c:-8000-0000000000000022,0" - - - - "bipublisher(11.1.1)" "ReportExecution" "260" "" "/Sample Lite/Published Reporting/Reports/Balance Letter.xdo" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 34980200 554033152 - 134 - - - 2011-02-18 03:25:50.282 "" "ReportRendering" true - "82d4bdc47b99b33c:-7e3f334f:12e365c4d9c:-8000-0000000000000022,0" - - - - "bipublisher(11.1.1)" "ReportExecution" "263" "" "/Sample Lite/Published Reporting/Reports/Balance Letter.xdo" "pdf" "RTF Corp Styles" "en_US" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16158944 554033152 24517 503 - - - 2011-02-18 03:25:50.282 "steve.jobs" "ReportRequest" true - "82d4bdc47b99b33c:-7e3f334f:12e365c4d9c:-8000-0000000000000022,0" - - - - "bipublisher(11.1.1)" "ReportAccess" "263" "" "" "pdf" "RTF Corp Styles" - - - true - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2011-02-18 03:30:00.448 "barack.obama" "UserLogin" true - "82d4bdc47b99b33c:-7e3f334f:12e365c4d9c:-8000-0000000000000406,0" - - - - "bipublisher(11.1.1)" "UserSession" "26" "" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - From the above log file you can tell a user ‘steve.jobs’ was running some reports like ‘Balance Letter’ around afternoon on 2/18 and another user ‘barack.obama’ logged into the system at 3:30 on the same day. Yes, every login and log out will be recorded, and every report access will be recorded in this log file. Now, looking at this text file to understand what’s going on is pretty overwhelming. And accessing to this log file, which is located at the server’s file system where the BI Publisher/WebLogic Server are running, is another challenge in typical deployment scenarios. And that’s where the database storage option for the Auditing data  comes into a picture. I’ll talk about this tomorrow, so stay tuned!  

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  • Where can I find WebSphere configuration files?

    - by Nicholas Key
    Hi there, I would like to know where are the WebSphere configuration details saved? Specifically, configuration details that are shown in the Administrative Console (from the web) or from the console using wsadmin. Some of the examples would be: Java and Process Management: Class loader, Process definition, Process execution Container Settings: Session management, SIP Container Settings, Web Container Settings, Portlet Container Settings Are there XML files that persist these configuration details? Nicholas

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  • New Release of Oracle Berkeley DB

    - by Eric Jensen
    We are pleased to announce that a new release of Oracle Berkeley DB, version 11.2.5.2.28, is available today. Our latest release includes yet more value added features for SQLite users, as well as several performance enhancements and new customer-requested features to the key-value pair API.  We continue to provide technology leadership, features and performance for SQLite applications.  This release introduces additional features that are not available in native SQLite, and adds functionality allowing customers to create richer, more scalable, more concurrent applications using the Berkeley DB SQL API. This release is compelling to Oracle’s customers and partners because it: delivers a complete, embeddable SQL92 database as a library under 1MB size drop-in API compatible with SQLite version 3 no-oversight, zero-touch database administration industrial quality, battle tested Berkeley DB B-TREE for concurrent transactional data storage New Features Include: MVCC support for even higher concurrency direct SQL support for HA/replication transactionally protected Sequence number generation functions lower memory requirements, shared memory regions and faster/smaller memory on startup easier B-TREE page size configuration with new ''db_tuner" utility New Key-Value API Features Include: HEAP access method for constrained disk-space applications (key-value API) faster QUEUE access method operations for highly concurrent applications -- up 2-3X faster! (key-value API) new X/open compliant XA resource manager, easily integrated with Oracle Tuxedo (key-value API) additional HA/replication management and communication options (key-value API) and a lot more! BDB is hands-down the best edge, mobile, and embedded database available to developers. Downloads available today on the Berkeley DB download pageProduct Documentation

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  • Table Variables: an empirical approach.

    - by Phil Factor
    It isn’t entirely a pleasant experience to publish an article only to have it described on Twitter as ‘Horrible’, and to have it criticized on the MVP forum. When this happened to me in the aftermath of publishing my article on Temporary tables recently, I was taken aback, because these critics were experts whose views I respect. What was my crime? It was, I think, to suggest that, despite the obvious quirks, it was best to use Table Variables as a first choice, and to use local Temporary Tables if you hit problems due to these quirks, or if you were doing complex joins using a large number of rows. What are these quirks? Well, table variables have advantages if they are used sensibly, but this requires some awareness by the developer about the potential hazards and how to avoid them. You can be hit by a badly-performing join involving a table variable. Table Variables are a compromise, and this compromise doesn’t always work out well. Explicit indexes aren’t allowed on Table Variables, so one cannot use covering indexes or non-unique indexes. The query optimizer has to make assumptions about the data rather than using column distribution statistics when a table variable is involved in a join, because there aren’t any column-based distribution statistics on a table variable. It assumes a reasonably even distribution of data, and is likely to have little idea of the number of rows in the table variables that are involved in queries. However complex the heuristics that are used might be in determining the best way of executing a SQL query, and they most certainly are, the Query Optimizer is likely to fail occasionally with table variables, under certain circumstances, and produce a Query Execution Plan that is frightful. The experienced developer or DBA will be on the lookout for this sort of problem. In this blog, I’ll be expanding on some of the tests I used when writing my article to illustrate the quirks, and include a subsequent example supplied by Kevin Boles. A simplified example. We’ll start out by illustrating a simple example that shows some of these characteristics. We’ll create two tables filled with random numbers and then see how many matches we get between the two tables. We’ll forget indexes altogether for this example, and use heaps. We’ll try the same Join with two table variables, two table variables with OPTION (RECOMPILE) in the JOIN clause, and with two temporary tables. It is all a bit jerky because of the granularity of the timing that isn’t actually happening at the millisecond level (I used DATETIME). However, you’ll see that the table variable is outperforming the local temporary table up to 10,000 rows. Actually, even without a use of the OPTION (RECOMPILE) hint, it is doing well. What happens when your table size increases? The table variable is, from around 30,000 rows, locked into a very bad execution plan unless you use OPTION (RECOMPILE) to provide the Query Analyser with a decent estimation of the size of the table. However, if it has the OPTION (RECOMPILE), then it is smokin’. Well, up to 120,000 rows, at least. It is performing better than a Temporary table, and in a good linear fashion. What about mixed table joins, where you are joining a temporary table to a table variable? You’d probably expect that the query analyzer would throw up its hands and produce a bad execution plan as if it were a table variable. After all, it knows nothing about the statistics in one of the tables so how could it do any better? Well, it behaves as if it were doing a recompile. And an explicit recompile adds no value at all. (we just go up to 45000 rows since we know the bigger picture now)   Now, if you were new to this, you might be tempted to start drawing conclusions. Beware! We’re dealing with a very complex beast: the Query Optimizer. It can come up with surprises What if we change the query very slightly to insert the results into a Table Variable? We change nothing else and just measure the execution time of the statement as before. Suddenly, the table variable isn’t looking so much better, even taking into account the time involved in doing the table insert. OK, if you haven’t used OPTION (RECOMPILE) then you’re toast. Otherwise, there isn’t much in it between the Table variable and the temporary table. The table variable is faster up to 8000 rows and then not much in it up to 100,000 rows. Past the 8000 row mark, we’ve lost the advantage of the table variable’s speed. Any general rule you may be formulating has just gone for a walk. What we can conclude from this experiment is that if you join two table variables, and can’t use constraints, you’re going to need that Option (RECOMPILE) hint. Count Dracula and the Horror Join. These tables of integers provide a rather unreal example, so let’s try a rather different example, and get stuck into some implicit indexing, by using constraints. What unusual words are contained in the book ‘Dracula’ by Bram Stoker? Here we get a table of all the common words in the English language (60,387 of them) and put them in a table. We put them in a Table Variable with the word as a primary key, a Table Variable Heap and a Table Variable with a primary key. We then take all the distinct words used in the book ‘Dracula’ (7,558 of them). We then create a table variable and insert into it all those uncommon words that are in ‘Dracula’. i.e. all the words in Dracula that aren’t matched in the list of common words. To do this we use a left outer join, where the right-hand value is null. The results show a huge variation, between the sublime and the gorblimey. If both tables contain a Primary Key on the columns we join on, and both are Table Variables, it took 33 Ms. If one table contains a Primary Key, and the other is a heap, and both are Table Variables, it took 46 Ms. If both Table Variables use a unique constraint, then the query takes 36 Ms. If neither table contains a Primary Key and both are Table Variables, it took 116383 Ms. Yes, nearly two minutes!! If both tables contain a Primary Key, one is a Table Variables and the other is a temporary table, it took 113 Ms. If one table contains a Primary Key, and both are Temporary Tables, it took 56 Ms.If both tables are temporary tables and both have primary keys, it took 46 Ms. Here we see table variables which are joined on their primary key again enjoying a  slight performance advantage over temporary tables. Where both tables are table variables and both are heaps, the query suddenly takes nearly two minutes! So what if you have two heaps and you use option Recompile? If you take the rogue query and add the hint, then suddenly, the query drops its time down to 76 Ms. If you add unique indexes, then you've done even better, down to half that time. Here are the text execution plans.So where have we got to? Without drilling down into the minutiae of the execution plans we can begin to create a hypothesis. If you are using table variables, and your tables are relatively small, they are faster than temporary tables, but as the number of rows increases you need to do one of two things: either you need to have a primary key on the column you are using to join on, or else you need to use option (RECOMPILE) If you try to execute a query that is a join, and both tables are table variable heaps, you are asking for trouble, well- slow queries, unless you give the table hint once the number of rows has risen past a point (30,000 in our first example, but this varies considerably according to context). Kevin’s Skew In describing the table-size, I used the term ‘relatively small’. Kevin Boles produced an interesting case where a single-row table variable produces a very poor execution plan when joined to a very, very skewed table. In the original, pasted into my article as a comment, a column consisted of 100000 rows in which the key column was one number (1) . To this was added eight rows with sequential numbers up to 9. When this was joined to a single-tow Table Variable with a key of 2 it produced a bad plan. This problem is unlikely to occur in real usage, and the Query Optimiser team probably never set up a test for it. Actually, the skew can be slightly less extreme than Kevin made it. The following test showed that once the table had 54 sequential rows in the table, then it adopted exactly the same execution plan as for the temporary table and then all was well. Undeniably, real data does occasionally cause problems to the performance of joins in Table Variables due to the extreme skew of the distribution. We've all experienced Perfectly Poisonous Table Variables in real live data. As in Kevin’s example, indexes merely make matters worse, and the OPTION (RECOMPILE) trick does nothing to help. In this case, there is no option but to use a temporary table. However, one has to note that once the slight de-skew had taken place, then the plans were identical across a huge range. Conclusions Where you need to hold intermediate results as part of a process, Table Variables offer a good alternative to temporary tables when used wisely. They can perform faster than a temporary table when the number of rows is not great. For some processing with huge tables, they can perform well when only a clustered index is required, and when the nature of the processing makes an index seek very effective. Table Variables are scoped to the batch or procedure and are unlikely to hang about in the TempDB when they are no longer required. They require no explicit cleanup. Where the number of rows in the table is moderate, you can even use them in joins as ‘Heaps’, unindexed. Beware, however, since, as the number of rows increase, joins on Table Variable heaps can easily become saddled by very poor execution plans, and this must be cured either by adding constraints (UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY) or by adding the OPTION (RECOMPILE) hint if this is impossible. Occasionally, the way that the data is distributed prevents the efficient use of Table Variables, and this will require using a temporary table instead. Tables Variables require some awareness by the developer about the potential hazards and how to avoid them. If you are not prepared to do any performance monitoring of your code or fine-tuning, and just want to pummel out stuff that ‘just runs’ without considering namby-pamby stuff such as indexes, then stick to Temporary tables. If you are likely to slosh about large numbers of rows in temporary tables without considering the niceties of processing just what is required and no more, then temporary tables provide a safer and less fragile means-to-an-end for you.

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  • Backtick (Grave accent) button sticking

    - by Scott Lemmon
    I have Ubuntu 12.04 running in a Virtual Box virtual machine, on my Windows 7 32bit system. It has been working great, except that the backtick/tilde button sticks(not physically). When I hit the backtick button it keeps repeating until another input button is pressed. So if I press the spacebar while the backtick is repeating, it stops, but if I press the shift while it is repeating, the backtick turns into a tilde, and the tilde keeps repeating until I release the shift key (at which point it's a backtick again and keeps repeating). This sticking behavior only happens with the backtick key, and only in my Ubuntu virtualization, never in windows. I've tried both my laptop's keyboard and an external USB keyboard and the problem happens on both. Both keyboards I've tried are Japanese 106/109 key layout, but I'm using them with a English(US) 101 profile. When I refer to the backtick key above, I mean where it is on the US layout. If I use the Japanese profile, the key in that location (the US backtick location) still sticks, but its no longer mapped as the backtick key. Any thoughts as to what might be causing this and possible solutions? I've searched a lot, but have not found any help so far. Any help is greatly appreciated.

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  • How valuable are you to your organization?

    - by Lance Shaw
    I don't know about you but I find it easy to get bogged down with the daily list of tasks and deliverables.  We all have lots to do and it all seems to be due tomorrow.  If you are reading this blog, than your to-do list is almost certainly filled with tasks related to the management, processing and publishing of information.  As we get mired in the daily routine of making sure that the content management needs of the organizations are met, we can easily lose sight of the value that we bring.  After all, if information and content is the lifeblood of our organizations, then surely maintaining the healthy flow of that information has real value.  But how can you measure that value and bring it forward on your résumé or your list of achievements in time for your next performance review? The AIIM organization has spent a lot of time recently researching the value of certification for "information professionals".  When it comes to enterprise content management (ECM) there are many areas of specialization including records management, content archivist, digital asset manager, content librarian and more.  Specialization can clearly drive up your value but it can also lock you into a narrow niche area of focus.  AIIM has found that what companies also need is someone that can apply their knowledge of how information is managed within the operational scope of the business in order to drive real, measurable strategic value.  When you can showcase the value of a broader, business-wide mindset to your management, you have more opportunity to make professional progress and drive real growth where it counts, your paycheck.   We here on the Oracle WebCenter team partnered with AIIM on the research they performed around the value of an information professional certification program. In a webinar this week, Doug Miles of AIIM and I will be talking about the results of that recent survey and what it is going to mean in the future to be recognized as a "Certified Information Professional" (CIP).  Oracle sponsored this research to help individuals and companies understand the value of enterprise content management and what it means across the entire organization. I hope you will join us. If any of us were stopped in the street and were asked about it, I bet most of us would think of ourselves as an "Information Professional".  Now we have a way to actually prove it!  There's only one downside that I can see...  you will have to get your business cards updated to include the "CIP" acronym after your name.  I think you will agree that is a price worth paying!

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