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• What's the best way to count unique visitors with Hadoop?

  - by beagleguy

  hey all, just getting started on hadoop and curious what the best way in mapreduce would be to count unique visitors if your logfiles looked like this... DATE siteID action username 05-05-2010 siteA pageview jim 05-05-2010 siteB pageview tom 05-05-2010 siteA pageview jim 05-05-2010 siteB pageview bob 05-05-2010 siteA pageview mike and for each site you wanted to find out the unique visitors for each site? I was thinking the mapper would emit siteID \t username and the reducer would keep a set() of the unique usersnames per key and then emit the length of that set. However that would be potentially storing millions of usernames in memory which doesn't seem right. Anyone have a better way? I'm using python streaming by the way thanks

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• py.test import context problems (causes Django unit test failure)

  - by dhill

  I made a following test: # main.py import imported print imported.f.__module__ # imported.py def f(): pass # test_imported.py (py.test test case) import imported def test_imported(): result = imported.f.__module__ assert result == 'imported' Running python main.py, gives me imported, but running py.test gives me error and result value is moduletest.imported (moduletest is the name of the directory I keep the test in. It doesn't contain __init__.py, moduletest is the only directory containing *.py files in ~/tmp). How can I fix result value? The long story: I'm getting strange errors, while testing Django application. A call to reverse() from (django.urlresolvers). with function object foo as argument in tests crashes with NoReverseMatch: Reverse for 'site.app.views.foo'. The same call inside application works. I checked and it is converted to 'app.views.foo' (without site prefix). I first suspected my customised test setup for Django, but then I made above test.

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• accessing files after setup.py install

  - by Matthew

  I'm developing a python application and have a question regarding coding it so that it still works after an user has installed it on his or her machine via setup.py install or similar. In one of my files, I use the following: file = "TestParser/View/MainWindow.ui" cwd = os.getcwd() argv_path = os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0]) file_path = os.path.join(cwd, argv_path, file) in order to get the path to MainWindow.ui, when I only know the path relative to the main script's location. This works regardless of from where I call the main script. The issue is that after an user installs the application on his or her machine, the relative path is different, so this doesn't work. I could use __file__, but according to this, py2exe doesn't have __file__. Is there a standard way of achieving this? Or a better way?

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• Use only some parts of Django?

  - by Hanno Fietz

  I like Django, but for a particular application I would like to use only parts of it, but I'm not familiar enough with how Django works on the inside, so maybe someone can point me into the right direction as to what I have to check out. Specifically, I want to use: The models and database abstraction The caching API, although I want to avoid database lookups by caching, not HTML generation, and since the caching framework in Django is intended for the latter, I'm not sure yet whether that's really appropriate. I would not use: Templating urlconfigs Or, more exactly, I'm neither using HTTP nor HTML. So basically, I have a different input / output chain than usual. Can this work? My personal killer feature in Django is the Object / database mapping that I can do with the models, so if there's another technology (doesn't have to be Python, I'm in the design phase and I'm pretty agnostic about languages and platforms) that gives me the same abilities, that would be great, too.

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• Is possible to auto-import a module from a diferent subfolder in other subfolder?

  - by mamcx

  I have a kind of plugin system, with this layout: - Python -- SDK -- Plugins ---- Plugin1 ---- Plugin2 All 3 have a __init__.py file. I wonder if is possible to be able to do import SDK from any plugin (as if SDK was in the site-packages folder). I'm in a situation where need to deploy, update, delete, add or change SDK files or any of the plugins under non-admin accounts, and wonder if I can get SDK in a clean way (I could sys.path.append in all plugins but I wonder if exist a better option). I imagine that using this in the Plugins init coulkd work: import sys import os ROOT_DIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),'..')) print ROOT_DIR sys.path.append( ROOT_DIR ) But clearly is not executed this code (I imagine init was auto-magicalled executed in the load of the module :( )

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• importing same module more than once

  - by wallacoloo

  So after a few hours, I discovered the cause of a bug in my application. My app's source is structure like: main/ __init__.py folderA/ __init__.py fileA.py fileB.py Really, there are about 50 more files. But that's not the point. In main/__init__.py, I have this code: from folderA.fileA import * in folderA/__init__.py I have this code: sys.path.append(pathToFolderA) in folderA/fileB.py I have this code: from fileA import * The problem is that fileA gets imported twice. However, I only want to import it once. The obvious way to fix this (to me atleast) is to change certain paths from path to folderA.path But I feel like Python should not even have this error in the first place. What other workarounds are there that don't require each file to know it's absolute location?

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• How to create virtual Environment for users on server

  - by Bhushan Nagaonkar

  I have a web application where users can register them self and then save Java and C++ programs in their account. Programs are saved in a tmp directory like, /tmp -user1 --program1 --program2 -user2 --program1 --program2 So all the users folders are in same "tmp" directory. I want to know how can I proved security by not allowing a user to access files of other users. A user will be executing a java or c++ program in his folder which can be used to read files on the server. How to prevent this? I am new to this thing I don't know how to go about this. The server is Linux server and project is in python using Django. Thank in advance

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• Access to module denied from within GAE dev server

  - by Tomas Kohl

  I am developing an app for GAE. Having installed the "feedparser" module with setuptools, I tried importing it (with "import feedparser") statement. However, the module does not load and when I look at the dev_appserver.py debug log on screen, I see the following: Access to module file denied: /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/feedparser-4.1-py2.6.egg/feedparser.py So GAE dev server cannot access the module but I can't figure out why. The path is correct and the file is accessible. I am fairly new to Python/Django/GAE - what am I missing?

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• IMB_ibImageFromMemory: unknown fileformat?

  - by Antoni4040

  Here's my add-on: import bpy import os import sys import subprocess import threading class ExportToGIMP(bpy.types.Operator): bl_idname = "uv.exporttogimp" bl_label = "Export to GIMP" def execute(self, context): self.filepath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(bpy.data.filepath), "Layout") bpy.ops.uv.export_layout(filepath=self.filepath, check_existing=True, export_all=False, modified=False, mode='PNG', size=(1024, 1024), opacity=0.25, tessellated=False) self.files = os.path.dirname(bpy.data.filepath) cmd = " (python-fu-bgsync RUN-NONINTERACTIVE)" subprocess.Popen(['gimp', '-b', cmd]) self.update() return {'FINISHED'}; def update(self): self.thread = threading.Timer(3.0, self.update).start() self.filepath2 = "/home/antoni4040/????afa/Layout1.png" bpy.ops.image.open(filepath=self.filepath2, filter_blender=False, filter_image=True, filter_movie=False, filter_python=False, filter_font=False, filter_sound=False, filter_text=False, filter_btx=False, filter_collada=False, filter_folder=True, filemode=9, relative_path=False) tex = bpy.data.textures.new(name = self.filepath2, type = "IMAGE") def exporttogimp_menu(self, context): self.layout.operator(ExportToGIMP.bl_idname, text="Export To GIMP") bpy.utils.register_class(ExportToGIMP) bpy.types.IMAGE_MT_uvs.append(exporttogimp_menu) But I can't load an image, because I get this: Reached EOF while decoding PNG IMB_ibImageFromMemory: unknown fileformat (/home/antoni4040/????afa/Layout1.png) What is that?

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• Implement functionality in PHP?

  - by Rachel

  How can we Implement Bisect Python functionality in PHP Implement function bisect_left($arr, $item); as a pure-PHP routine to do a binary-bisection search for the position at which to insert $item into $list, maintaining the sort order therein. Assumptions: Assume that $arr is already sorted by whatever comparisons would be yielded by the stock PHP < operator, and that it's indexed on ints. The function should return an int, representing the index within the array at which $item would be inserted to maintain the order of the array. The returned index should be below any elements in $arr equal to $item, i.e., the insertion index should be "to the left" of anything equal to $item. Search routine should not be linear! That is, it should honor the name, and should attempt to find it by iteratively bisecting the list and comparing only around the midpoint.

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• How can I execute CGI files from PHP?

  - by Henri W

  I'm trying to make a web app that will manage my Mercurial repositories for me. I want it so that when I tell it to load repository X: Connect to a MySQL server and make sure X exists. Check if the user is allowed to access the repository. If above is true, get the location of X from a mysql server. Run a hgweb cgi script (python) containing the path of the repository. Here is the problem, I want to: take the hgweb script, modify it, and run it. But I do not want to: take the hgweb script, modify it, write it to a file and redirect there. I am using Apache to run the httpd process.

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• How to maintain tabs when pasting in Vim

  - by Ant Wilson

  I use the tab key to indent my python code in Vim, but whenever I copy and paste a block Vim replaces every tab with 4 spaces, which raises an IndentationError I tried setting :set paste as suggested in related questions but it makes no difference Other sites suggest pasting 'tabless' code and using the visual editor to re-indent, but this is asking for trouble when it comes to large blocks Are there any settings I can apply to vim to maintain tabs on copy/paste? Thanks for any help with this :) edit: I am copying and pasting within vim using the standard gnome-terminal techniques (ctrl+shift+c / mouse etc.) my .vimrc is: syntax on set ts=4 if has("terminfo") let &t_Co=8 let &t_Sf="\e[3%p1%dm" let &t_Sb="\e[4%p1%dm" else let &t_Co=8 let &t_Sf="\e[3%dm" let &t_Sb="\e[4%dm" endif I looked up that ts - Sets tab stops to n for text input, but don't know what value would maintain a tab character

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• Having trouble scraping an ASP .NET web page

  - by Seth

  I am trying to scrape an ASP.NET website but am having trouble getting the results from a post. I have the following python code and am using httplib2 and BeautifulSoup: conn = Http() # do a get first to retrieve important values page = conn.request(u"http://somepage.com/Search.aspx", "GET") #event_validation and viewstate variables retrieved from GET here... body = {"__EVENTARGUMENT" : "", "__EVENTTARGET" : "" , "__EVENTVALIDATION": event_validation, "__VIEWSTATE" : viewstate, "ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_GovernmentCheckBox" : "On", "ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_NonGovernmentCheckBox" : "On", "ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_SchoolKeyValue" : "", "ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_SchoolNameTextBox" : "", "ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_ScriptManager1" : "ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_UpdatePanel1|cct100_ContentPlaceHolder1_SearchImageButton", "ct100_ContentPlaceHolder1_SearchImageButton.x" : "375", "ct100_ContentPlaceHolder1_SearchImageButton.y" : "11", "ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_SuburbTownTextBox" : "Adelaide,SA,5000", "hiddenInputToUpdateATBuffer_CommonToolkitScripts" : 1} headers = {"Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"} resp, content = conn.request(url,"POST", headers=headers, body=urlencode(body)) When I print content I still seem to be getting the same results as the "GET" or is there a fundamental concept I'm missing to retrieve the result values of an ASP .NET post?

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• Special Character Meanings Defined

  - by Noctis Skytower

  In Python's module named string, there is a line that says whitespace = ' \t\n\r\v\f'. ' ' is a space character. '\t' is a tab character. '\n' is a newline character. '\r' is a carriage-return character. '\v' maps to '\x0b' (11). What does it mean and how might it be typed on a keyboard (any OS)? '\f' maps to '\x0c' (12). What does it mean and how might it be typed on a keyboard (any OS)?

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• Document Similarity: Comparing two documents efficiently

  - by seanieb

  I have a loop that calculates the similarity between two documents. It collects all the tokens in a document and their scores, and places them in dictionary. It then compares the dictionaries This is what I have so far, it works, but is super slow: # Doc A cursor1.execute("SELECT token, tfidf_norm FROM index WHERE doc_id = %s", (docid[i][0])) doca = cursor1.fetchall() #convert tuple to a dictionary doca_dic = dict((row[0], row[1]) for row in doca) #Doc B cursor2.execute("SELECT token, tfidf_norm FROM index WHERE doc_id = %s", (docid[j][0])) docb = cursor2.fetchall() #convert tuple to a dictionary docb_dic = dict((row[0], row[1]) for row in docb) # loop through each token in doca and see if one matches in docb for x in doca_dic: if docb_dic.has_key(x): #calculate the similarity by summing the products of the tf-idf_norm similarity += doca_dic[x] * docb_dic[x] print "similarity" print similarity I'm pretty new to Python, hence this mess. I need to speed it up, any help would be appreciated. Thanks.

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• Fully customized login system in Django?

  - by user367817

  Hey, I am currently writing an application which I plan to sell as SaaS. Without giving away "secrets," I can say that it is basically a "document editing system" in which many users will be submitting documents. The basic heirarchy is this: Institution Individual Document Sub-document So each Individual should be able to BROWSE all documents that were submitted by anybody in their institution, but should only be able to EDIT documents that they created. No individual should even be aware of the existence of another Institution--that should all be completely hidden. I have written a Django/Python class that would facilitate this, but every document regarding authentication that I have read requires that I use the User object. Is this just a limitation of Django, or is there a way to do this? If there is a way, how can I get my own "Individual" class details attached to the "request" objects so I can validate the things I should be showing the users?

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• How to give an error when no options are given with optparse

  - by Acorn

  I'm try to work out how to use optparse, but I've come to a problem. My script (represented by this simplified example) takes a file, and does different things to it depending on options that are parsed to it. If no options are parsed nothing is done. It makes sense to me that because of this, an error should be given if no options are given by the user. I can't work out how to do this. Am I using options in the wrong way? If so, how should I be doing it instead? #!/usr/bin/python from optparse import OptionParser dict = {'name': foo, 'age': bar} parser = OptionParser() parser.add_option("-n", "--name", dest="name") parser.add_option("-a", "--age", dest="age") (options, args) = parser.parse_args() if options.name: dict['name'] = options.name if options.age: dict['age'] = options.age print dict #END

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• SYN flooding still a threat to servers?

  - by Rob

  Well recently I've been reading about different Denial of Service methods. One method that kind of stuck out was SYN flooding. I'm a member of some not-so-nice forums, and someone was selling a python script that would DoS a server using SYN packets with a spoofed IP address. However, if you sent a SYN packet to a server, with a spoofed IP address, the target server would return the SYN/ACK packet to the host that was spoofed. In which case, wouldn't the spoofed host return an RST packet, thus negating the 75 second long-wait, and ultimately failing in its attempt to DoS the server?

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• Django Distinct on queryset in forms.py

  - by Thomas

  Hi all, I try to get a list with distinct into the forms.py like this: forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Events.objects.values('hostname'), required=False).distinct() In the python shell this command works perfect, but when trying it in forms.py leaves me a blank form, so nothing appears. When i just do Events.objects.all() the form appears, but distinct doesn't work with Events.objects.all()... i also tried values_list etc but doesn't seem to fit into the forms neither... anyone got an idea how to get a SELECT DISTINCT into a ModelMultipleChoiceField? I read some other questions about this at stackoverflow but nothing seems to work out with me, so hopefully someone knows how to do this in forms.py. Thxs in advance

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• Linking IronPython to WPF

  - by DonnyD

  I just installed VS2010 and the great new IronPython Tools extension. Currently this extension doesn't yet generate event handlers in code upon double-clicking wpf visual controls. Is there anyone that can provide or point me to an example as to how to code wpf event handlers manually in python. I've had no luck finding any and I am new to visual studio. Upon generating a new ipython wpf project the auto-generated code is: import clr clr.AddReference('PresentationFramework') from System.Windows.Markup import XamlReader from System.Windows import Application from System.IO import FileStream, FileMode app = Application() app.Run(XamlReader.Load(FileStream('WpfApplication7.xaml', FileMode.Open))) and the XAML is: <Window xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" Title="WpfApplication7" Height="300" Width="300"> <Button>Click Me</Button> </Window> Any help would be appreciated.

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• Requesting information from the user inside a GTK main loop

  - by Victor Stanciu

  Hello, I am learning Python by building a simple PyGTK application that fetches data from some SVN repositories, using pysvn. The pysvn Client has a callback you can specify that it calls when Subversion needs authentication information for a repository. When that happens, I would like to open a dialog to ask the user for the credentials. The problem is, it seems the callback is called inside the GTK main loop, so it's basically called on every tick. Is there a way to prevent this? Perhaps by opening the dialog in a new thread? But then how do I return the tuple with the user data to the callback so it can return it to the pysvn.Client?

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• Shutting Down SSH Tunnel in Paramiko Programatically

  - by PlaidFan

  We are attempting to use the paramiko module for creating SSH tunnels on demand to arbitrary servers for purposes of querying remote databases. We attempted to use the forward.py demo that ships with paramiko but the big limitation is there does not seem to be an easy way to close an SSH tunnel and the SSH connection once the socket server is started up. The limitation we have is that we cannot activate this from a shell and then kill the shell manually to stop the listner. We need to open the SSH connection, tunnel, perform some actions through the tunnel, close the tunnel, and close the SSH connection within python. I've seen references to a server.shutdown() method but it isn't clear how to implement it correctly. Any help would be greatly appreciated...

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• How do I create an OpenCV image from a PIL image?

  - by scrible

  I want to do some image processing with OpenCV (in Python), but I have to start with a PIL Image object, so I can't use the cvLoadImage() call, since that takes a filename. This recipe (adapted from http://opencv.willowgarage.com/wiki/PythonInterface) does not work because cvSetData complains argument 2 of type 'void *' . Any ideas? from opencv.cv import * from PIL import Image pi = Image.open('foo.png') # PIL image ci = cvCreateImage(pi.size, IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1) # OpenCV image data = pi.tostring() cvSetData(ci, data, len(data)) I think the last argument to the cvSetData is wrong too, but I am not sure what it should be.

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• Error running celeryd

  - by Eric Palakovich Carr

  I'm posting this question (and answer) so if anybody else has this problem in the future, you'll be able to google it. If you are trying to run celeryd in Django like so: python manage.py celeryd You can receive the following error immediately after it has started: celery@eric-desktop-dev has started. Traceback (most recent call last): File "manage.py", line 11, in <module> execute_manager(settings) <... snip ...> File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/amqplib-0.6.1-py2.6.egg/amqplib/client_0_8/connection.py", line 134, in __init__ self._x_start_ok(d, login_method, login_response, locale) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/amqplib-0.6.1-py2.6.egg/amqplib/client_0_8/connection.py", line 704, in _x_start_ok args.write_longstr(response) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/amqplib-0.6.1-py2.6.egg/amqplib/client_0_8/serialization.py", line 352, in write_longstr self.write_long(len(s)) TypeError: object of type 'NoneType' has no len() A rather cryptic error message, with no real clue as to where to go to fix the problem. See below for the answer so you don't waste a bunch of time on this error like I did today :)

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• How to get the contents of the wav file into array so as to cut the required segment and convert it

  - by kaushik

  How to get the contents of the wav file into array so as to cut the required segment and convert it back to wav format using python?? My prob is similar to "ROMANs" prob,i hav seen earlier in the post at this site.. Basically,i want to combine parts of different wav file into one wav file?? if there is ne other apporach thn takin the contents into an array and cuting part and combining and again converting bac? please suggest... edited: I prefer unpacking the contents of the wave file into an array and editing by cutting the required segment of sound from the wav file,as i am working on speech processing,and guess this way would be easy to enchance the quality of sound later... can ne one suggest a way for this?? Plz help.. Thanks in advance.

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