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• Dual Boot issues with Windows 7 and Ubuntu

  - by Michael

  I'm finding myself in a rather unique situation. I've read through just about every resource I can find about this and while things have helped me understand some background, I haven't yet been able to find a solution. So I'm asking here. I originally had just a Windows 7 64-bit OS installation on my desktop. Learning that I couldn't do anything with Apache, PHP and MySql from within a 64-bit system, I did some research and found out that I could use Ubuntu. I've installed the latest version: 11.04. I created a CD to install Ubuntu from and the install went just fine. I installed it side-by-side with Windows 7. I can boot into Ubuntu just fine through the dual-boot option. When I reboot to load Windows though, the Grub2 list shows Windows 7 (loader) and when I select this option the Windows System Recovery loads instead of the actual OS. I haven't made it past there because I didn't know what to do. I just shut the computer down and rebooted into Ubuntu. I've been working for the last hour and a half to try to figure out how to boot into the Windows 7 OS and I haven't got a clue. While I'm somewhat proficient with Windows 7, I'm totally new to Ubuntu, so if you do know what needs to happen, please keep it simple enough that I'll be able to understand. Thanks for all your help in advance. Here's the results after using the Boot Info Script: Boot Info Script 0.55 dated February 15th, 2010 ============================= Boot Info Summary: ============================== => Grub 2 is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks on the same drive in partition #5 for cbh. => Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb => Grub 2 is installed in the MBR of /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif and looks on the same drive in partition #5 for cbh. sda1: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Mounting failed: fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy sda2: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Mounting failed: fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy sda3: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Mounting failed: fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy sdb1: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files/dirs: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD sdb2: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files/dirs: sdb3: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files/dirs: /bootmgr /boot/BCD sdb4: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: Extended Partition Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sdb5: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu 11.04 Boot files/dirs: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/core.img sdb6: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: pdc_bdadcfbdif1: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files/dirs: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD pdc_bdadcfbdif2: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Windows 7 Boot files/dirs: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe pdc_bdadcfbdif3: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: Boot sector type: Unknown Boot sector info: Mounting failed: fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy mount: unknown filesystem type '' =========================== Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda ___________________ _____________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders, total 1465149168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start End Size Id System /dev/sda1 * 2,048 206,847 204,800 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda2 206,911 1,440,372,735 1,440,165,825 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 1,440,372,736 1,464,856,575 24,483,840 7 HPFS/NTFS Drive: sdb ___________________ _____________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start End Size Id System /dev/sdb1 * 2,048 206,847 204,800 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sdb2 206,911 1,342,554,688 1,342,347,778 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sdb3 1,930,344,448 1,953,521,663 23,177,216 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sdb4 1,342,556,158 1,930,344,447 587,788,290 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1,342,556,160 1,896,806,399 554,250,240 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 1,896,808,448 1,930,344,447 33,536,000 82 Linux swap / Solaris Drive: pdc_bdadcfbdif ___________________ _____________________________________________________ Disk /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif: 750.0 GB, 749999947776 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91182 cylinders, total 1464843648 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start End Size Id System /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif1 * 2,048 206,847 204,800 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif2 206,911 1,440,372,735 1,440,165,825 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif3 1,440,372,736 1,464,856,575 24,483,840 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif3 ends after the last sector of /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif blkid -c /dev/null: ____________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif1 888E54CC8E54B482 ntfs SYSTEM /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif2 C2766BF6766BEA1D ntfs OS /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif: PTTYPE="dos" /dev/sda1 888E54CC8E54B482 ntfs SYSTEM /dev/sda2 C2766BF6766BEA1D ntfs OS /dev/sda3 BE6CA31D6CA2CF87 ntfs HP_RECOVERY /dev/sda promise_fasttrack_raid_member /dev/sdb1 20B65685B6565B7C ntfs SYSTEM /dev/sdb2 B4467A314679F508 ntfs HP /dev/sdb3 6E10B7A410B77227 ntfs FACTORY_IMAGE /dev/sdb4: PTTYPE="dos" /dev/sdb5 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c ext4 /dev/sdb6 1df35749-a887-45ff-a3de-edd52239847d swap /dev/sdb: PTTYPE="dos" error: /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif3: No such file or directory error: /dev/sdc: No medium found error: /dev/sdd: No medium found error: /dev/sde: No medium found error: /dev/sdf: No medium found error: /dev/sdg: No medium found ============================ "mount | grep ^/dev output: =========================== Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/sdb5 / ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0) =========================== sdb5/boot/grub/grub.cfg: =========================== # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus } insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm fi terminal_output gfxterm insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### if [ ${recordfail} != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.38-8-generic-pae' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic-pae root=UUID=266f9801-cf4f-4acc- affa-2092be035f0c ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7 initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic-pae } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.38-8-generic-pae (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.38-8-generic-pae ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic-pae root=UUID=266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic-pae } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sdb1)" --class windows --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 20B65685B6565B7C chainloader +1 } menuentry "Windows Recovery Environment (loader) (on /dev/sdb3)" --class windows --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos3)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6E10B7A410B77227 drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### =============================== sdb5/etc/fstab: =============================== # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier # for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name # devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sdb5 during installation UUID=266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sdb6 during installation UUID=1df35749-a887-45ff-a3de-edd52239847d none swap sw 0 0 =================== sdb5: Location of files loaded by Grub: =================== 900.1GB: boot/grub/core.img 825.0GB: boot/grub/grub.cfg 688.7GB: boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic-pae 688.0GB: boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic-pae 688.7GB: initrd.img 688.0GB: vmlinuz =========================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc ======================= Unknown BootLoader on pdc_bdadcfbdif3 =======Devices which don't seem to have a corresponding hard drive============== sdc sdd sde sdf sdg =============================== StdErr Messages: =============================== ERROR: dos: partition address past end of RAID device hexdump: /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif3: No such file or directory hexdump: /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif3: No such file or directory ERROR: dos: partition address past end of RAID device

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• Migrating from SQL Trace to Extended Events

  - by extended_events

  In SQL Server codenamed “Denali” we are moving our diagnostic tracing capabilities forward by building a system on top of Extended Events. With every new system you face the specter of migration which is always a bit of a hassle. I’m obviously motivated to see everyone move their diagnostic tracing systems over to the new extended events based system, so I wanted to make sure we lowered the bar for the migration process to help ease your trials. In my initial post on Denali CTP 1 I described a couple tables that we created that will help map the existing SQL Trace Event Classes to the equivalent Extended Events events. In this post I’ll describe the tables in a bit more details, explain the relationship between the SQL Trace objects (Event Class & Column) and Extended Event objects (Events & Actions) and at the end provide some sample code for a managed stored procedure that will take an existing SQL Trace session (eg. a trace that you can see in sys.Traces) and converts it into event session DDL. Can you relate? In some ways, SQL Trace and Extended Events is kind of like the Standard and Metric measuring systems in the United States. If you spend too much time trying to figure out how to convert between the two it will probably make your head hurt. It’s often better to just use the new system without trying to translate between the two. That said, people like to relate new things to the things they’re comfortable with, so, with some trepidation, I will now explain how these two systems are related to each other. First, some terms… SQL Trace is made up of Event Classes and Columns. The Event Class occurs as the result of some activity in the database engine, for example, SQL:Batch Completed fires when a batch has completed executing on the server. Each Event Class can have any number of Columns associated with it and those Columns contain the data that is interesting about the Event Class, such as the duration or database name. In Extended Events we have objects named Events, EventData field and Actions. The Event (some people call this an xEvent but I’ll stick with Event) is equivalent to the Event Class in SQL Trace since it is the thing that occurs as the result of some activity taking place in the server. An  EventData field (from now on I’ll just refer to these as fields) is a piece of information that is highly correlated with the event and is always included as part of the schema of an Event. An Action is something that can be associated with any Event and it will cause some additional “action” to occur when ever the parent Event occurs. Actions can do a number of different things for example, there are Actions that collect additional data and, take memory dumps. When mapping SQL Trace onto Extended Events, Columns are covered by a combination of both fields and Actions. Knowing exactly where a Column is covered by a field and where it is covered by an Action is a bit of an art, so we created the mapping tables to make you an Artist without the years of practice. Let me draw you a map. Event Mapping The table dbo.trace_xe_event_map exists in the master database with the following structure: Column_name Type trace_event_id smallint package_name nvarchar xe_event_name nvarchar By joining this table sys.trace_events using trace_event_id and to the sys.dm_xe_objects using xe_event_name you can get a fair amount of information about how Event Classes are related to Events. The most basic query this lends itself to is to match an Event Class with the corresponding Event. SELECT     t.trace_event_id,     t.name [event_class],     e.package_name,     e.xe_event_name FROM sys.trace_events t INNER JOIN dbo.trace_xe_event_map e     ON t.trace_event_id = e.trace_event_id There are a couple things you’ll notice as you peruse the output of this query: For the most part, the names of Events are fairly close to the original Event Class; eg. SP:CacheMiss == sp_cache_miss, and so on. We’ve mostly stuck to a one to one mapping between Event Classes and Events, but there are a few cases where we have combined when it made sense. For example, Data File Auto Grow, Log File Auto Grow, Data File Auto Shrink & Log File Auto Shrink are now all covered by a single event named database_file_size_change. This just seemed like a “smarter” implementation for this type of event, you can get all the same information from this single event (grow/shrink, Data/Log, Auto/Manual growth) without having multiple different events. You can use Predicates if you want to limit the output to just one of the original Event Class measures. There are some Event Classes that did not make the cut and were not migrated. These fall into two categories; there were a few Event Classes that had been deprecated, or that just did not make sense, so we didn’t migrate them. (You won’t find an Event related to mounting a tape – sorry.) The second class is bigger; with rare exception, we did not migrate any of the Event Classes that were related to Security Auditing using SQL Trace. We introduced the SQL Audit feature in SQL Server 2008 and that will be the compliance and auditing feature going forward. Doing this is a very deliberate decision to support separation of duties for DBAs. There are separate permissions required for SQL Audit and Extended Events tracing so you can assign these tasks to different people if you choose. (If you’re wondering, the permission for Extended Events is ALTER ANY EVENT SESSION, which is covered by CONTROL SERVER.) Action Mapping The table dbo.trace_xe_action_map exists in the master database with the following structure: Column_name Type trace_column_id smallint package_name nvarchar xe_action_name nvarchar You can find more details by joining this to sys.trace_columns on the trace_column_id field. SELECT     c.trace_column_id,     c.name [column_name],     a.package_name,     a.xe_action_name FROM sys.trace_columns c INNER JOIN    dbo.trace_xe_action_map a     ON c.trace_column_id = a.trace_column_id If you examine this list, you’ll notice that there are relatively few Actions that map to SQL Trace Columns given the number of Columns that exist. This is not because we forgot to migrate all the Columns, but because much of the data for individual Event Classes is included as part of the EventData fields of the equivalent Events so there is no need to specify them as Actions. Putting it all together If you’ve spent a bunch of time figuring out the inner workings of SQL Trace, and who hasn’t, then you probably know that the typically set of Columns you find associated with any given Event Class in SQL Profiler is not fix, but is determine by the contents of the table sys.trace_event_bindings. We’ve used this table along with the mapping tables to produce a list of Event + Action combinations that duplicate the SQL Profiler Event Class definitions using the following query, which you can also find in the Books Online topic How To: View the Extended Events Equivalents to SQL Trace Event Classes. USE MASTER; GO SELECT DISTINCT    tb.trace_event_id,    te.name AS 'Event Class',    em.package_name AS 'Package',    em.xe_event_name AS 'XEvent Name',    tb.trace_column_id,    tc.name AS 'SQL Trace Column',    am.xe_action_name as 'Extended Events action' FROM (sys.trace_events te LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.trace_xe_event_map em    ON te.trace_event_id = em.trace_event_id) LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.trace_event_bindings tb    ON em.trace_event_id = tb.trace_event_id LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.trace_columns tc    ON tb.trace_column_id = tc.trace_column_id LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.trace_xe_action_map am    ON tc.trace_column_id = am.trace_column_id ORDER BY te.name, tc.name As you might imagine, it’s also possible to map an existing trace definition to the equivalent event session by judicious use of fn_trace_geteventinfo joined with the two mapping tables. This query extracts the list of Events and Actions equivalent to the trace with ID = 1, which is most likely the Default Trace. You can find this query, along with a set of other queries and steps required to migrate your existing traces over to Extended Events in the Books Online topic How to: Convert an Existing SQL Trace Script to an Extended Events Session. USE MASTER; GO DECLARE @trace_id int SET @trace_id = 1 SELECT DISTINCT el.eventid, em.package_name, em.xe_event_name AS 'event'    , el.columnid, ec.xe_action_name AS 'action' FROM (sys.fn_trace_geteventinfo(@trace_id) AS el    LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.trace_xe_event_map AS em       ON el.eventid = em.trace_event_id) LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.trace_xe_action_map AS ec    ON el.columnid = ec.trace_column_id WHERE em.xe_event_name IS NOT NULL AND ec.xe_action_name IS NOT NULL You’ll notice in the output that the list doesn’t include any of the security audit Event Classes, as I wrote earlier, those were not migrated. But wait…there’s more! If this were an infomercial there’d by some obnoxious guy next to me blogging “Well Mike…that’s pretty neat, but I’m sure you can do more. Can’t you make it even easier to migrate from SQL Trace?”  Needless to say, I’d blog back, in an overly excited way, “You bet I can' obnoxious blogger side-kick!” What I’ve got for you here is a Extended Events Team Blog only special – this tool will not be sold in any store; it’s a special offer for those of you reading the blog. I’ve wrapped all the logic of pulling the configuration information out of an existing trace and and building the Extended Events DDL statement into a handy, dandy CLR stored procedure. Once you load the assembly and register the procedure you just supply the trace id (from sys.traces) and provide a name for the event session. Run the procedure and out pops the DDL required to create an equivalent session. Any aspects of the trace that could not be duplicated are included in comments within the DDL output. This procedure does not actually create the event session – you need to copy the DDL out of the message tab and put it into a new query window to do that. It also requires an existing trace (but it doesn’t have to be running) to evaluate; there is no functionality to parse t-sql scripts. I’m not going to spend a bunch of time explaining the code here – the code is pretty well commented and hopefully easy to follow. If not, you can always post comments or hit the feedback button to send us some mail. Sample code: TraceToExtendedEventDDL   Installing the procedure Just in case you’re not familiar with installing CLR procedures…once you’ve compile the assembly you can load it using a script like this: -- Context to master USE master GO -- Create the assembly from a shared location. CREATE ASSEMBLY TraceToXESessionConverter FROM 'C:\Temp\TraceToXEventSessionConverter.dll' WITH PERMISSION_SET = SAFE GO -- Create a stored procedure from the assembly. CREATE PROCEDURE CreateEventSessionFromTrace @trace_id int, @session_name nvarchar(max) AS EXTERNAL NAME TraceToXESessionConverter.StoredProcedures.ConvertTraceToExtendedEvent GO Enjoy! -Mike

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• C# 5.0 Async/Await Demo Code

  - by Paulo Morgado

  I’ve published the sample code I use to demonstrate the use of async/await in C# 5.0. You can find it here. Projects PauloMorgado.AyncDemo.WebServer This project is a simple web server implemented as a console application using Microsoft ASP.NET Web API self hosting and serves an image (with a delay) that is accessed by the other projects. This project has a dependency on Json.NET due to the fact the the Microsoft ASP.NET Web API hosting has a dependency on Json.NET. The application must be run on a command prompt with administrative privileges or a urlacl must be added to allow the use of the following command: netsh http add urlacl url=http://+:9090/ user=machine\username To remove the urlacl, just use the following command: netsh http delete urlacl url=http://+:9090/ PauloMorgado.AsyncDemo.WindowsForms This Windows Forms project contains three regions that must be uncommented one at a time: Sync with WebClient This code retrieves the image through a synchronous call using the WebClient class. Async with WebClient This code retrieves the image through an asynchronous call using the WebClient class. Async with HttpClient with cancelation This code retrieves the image through an asynchronous call with cancelation using the HttpClient class. PauloMorgado.AsyncDemo.Wpf This WPF project contains three regions that must be uncommented one at a time: Sync with WebClient This code retrieves the image through a synchronous call using the WebClient class. Async with WebClient This code retrieves the image through an asynchronous call using the WebClient class. Async with HttpClient with cancelation This code retrieves the image through an asynchronous call with cancelation using the HttpClient class.

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• Escaping Generics with T4 Templates

  - by Gavin Stevens

  I've been doing some work with T4 templates lately and ran into an issue which I couldn't find an answer to anywhere.  I finally figured it out, so I thought I'd share the solution. I was trying to generate a code class with a T4 template which used generics The end result a method like: public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()             {                 return new TableEnumerator<Table>(_page);             } the related section of the T4 template looks like this:  public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()             {                 return new TableEnumerator<#=renderClass.Name#>(_page);             } But this of course is missing the Generic Syntax for < > which T4 complains about because < > are reserved. using syntax like <#<#><#=renderClass.Name#><#=<#> won't work becasue the TextTransformation engine chokes on them.  resulting in : Error 2 The number of opening brackets ('<#') does not match the number of closing brackets ('#>')  even trying to escape the characters won't work: <#\<#><#=renderClass.Name#><#\<#> this results in: Error 4 A Statement cannot appear after the first class feature in the template. Only boilerplate, expressions and other class features are allowed after the first class feature block.  The final solution delcares a few strings to represent the literals like this: <#+    void RenderCollectionEnumerator(RenderCollection renderClass)  {     string open = "<";   string close =">"; #>    public partial class <#=renderClass.Name#> : IEnumerable         {             private readonly PageBase _page;             public <#=renderClass.Name#>(PageBase page)             {                 _page = page;             }             public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()             {                 return new TableEnumerator<#=open#><#=renderClass.Name#><#=close#>(_page);             }         } <#+  }  #> This works, and everyone is happy, resulting in an automatically generated class enumerator, complete with generics! Hopefully this will save someone some time :)

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• Better Understand the 'Strategy' Design Pattern

  - by Imran Omar Bukhsh

  Greetings Hope you all are doing great. I have been interested in design patterns for a while and started reading 'Head First Design Patterns'. I started with the first pattern called the 'Strategy' pattern. I went through the problem outlined in the images below and first tried to propose a solution myself so I could really grasp the importance of the pattern. So my question is that why is my solution ( below ) to the problem outlined in the images below not good enough. What are the good / bad points of my solution vs the pattern? What makes the pattern clearly the only viable solution ? Thanks for you input, hope it will help me better understand the pattern. MY SOLUTION Parent Class: DUCK <?php class Duck { public $swimmable; public $quackable; public $flyable; function display() { echo "A Duck Looks Like This<BR/>"; } function quack() { if($this->quackable==1) { echo("Quack<BR/>"); } } function swim() { if($this->swimmable==1) { echo("Swim<BR/>"); } } function fly() { if($this->flyable==1) { echo("Fly<BR/>"); } } } ?> INHERITING CLASS: MallardDuck <?php class MallardDuck extends Duck { function MallardDuck() { $this->quackable = 1; $this->swimmable = 1; } function display() { echo "A Mallard Duck Looks Like This<BR/>"; } } ?> INHERITING CLASS: WoddenDecoyDuck <?php class WoddenDecoyDuck extends Duck { function woddendecoyduck() { $this->quackable = 0; $this->swimmable = 0; } function display() { echo "A Wooden Decoy Duck Looks Like This<BR/>"; } } Thanking you for your input. Imran

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• Keep basic game physics separate from basic game object? [on hold]

  - by metamorphosis

  If anybody has dealt with a similar situation I'd be interested in your experience/wisdom, I'm developing a 2D game library in C++, I have game objects which have very basic physics, they also have movement classes attached to differing states, for example, a different movement type based on whether the character is jumping, on ice, whatever. In terms of storing velocity and acceleration impulses, are they best held by the object? Or by the associated movement class? The reason I ask is that I can see advantages to both approaches- if you store physics data in the movement class, you have to pass physics information between class instances when a state change occurs (ie. impulses, gravity etc) but the class has total control over whether those physics are updated or not. An obvious example of how this would be useful was if an object was affected by something which caused it to ignore gravity, or something like that. on the other hand if you store the physics data in the object class, it feels more logical, you don't have to go around passing physics impulses and gravity etc, however the control that the movement class has over the object's physics becomes more convoluted. Basically the difference is between: object->physics stacks (acceleration impulses etc) ->physics functions ->movement type <-movement type makes physics function calls through object and object->movement type->physics stacks ->physics functions ->object forwards external physics calls onto movement type ->object transfers physics stacks between movement types when state change occurs Are there best practices here?

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• OpenGL: Where shoud I place shaders?

  - by mivic

  I'm trying to learn OpenGL ES 2.0 and I'm wondering what is the most common practice to "manage" shaders. I'm asking this question because in the examples I've found (like the one included in the API Demo provided with the android sdk), I usually see everything inside the GLRenderer class and I'd rather separate things so I can have, for example, a GLImage object that I can reuse whenever I want to draw a textured quad (I'm focusing on 2D only at the moment), just like I had in my OpenGL ES 1.0 code. In almost every example I've found, shaders are just defined as class attributes. For example: public class Square { public final String vertexShader = "uniform mat4 uMVPMatrix;\n" + "attribute vec4 aPosition;\n" + "attribute vec4 aColor;\n" + "varying vec4 vColor;\n" + "void main() {\n" + " gl_Position = uMVPMatrix * aPosition;\n" + " vColor = aColor;\n" + "}\n"; public final String fragmentShader = "precision mediump float;\n" + "varying vec4 vColor;\n" + "void main() {\n" + " gl_FragColor = vColor;\n" + "}\n"; // ... } I apologize in advance if some of these questions are dumb, but I've never worked with shaders before. 1) Is the above code the common way to define shaders (public final class properties)? 2) Should I have a separate Shader class? 3) If shaders are defined outside the class that uses them, how would I know the names of their attributes (e.g. "aColor" in the following piece of code) so I can bind them? colorHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(program, "aColor");

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• Can I delete libc-bin?

  - by Balazs Szikszay

  Question is simple, I need to know because I cant upgrade/install anything, because it always says I have to uninstall/delete it to continue. It also says dont do it, if I dont know what I am doing. EDIT: szikszay@szikszay-Latitude-E5530-non-vPro:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done You might want to run ‘apt-get -f install’ to correct these. The following packages have unmet dependencies. ia32-libs-multiarch:i386 : Depends: libqtcore4:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqtgui4:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-dbus:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-network:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-opengl:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-qt3support:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-script:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-scripttools:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-sql:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-svg:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-test:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-xml:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-xmlpatterns:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libcups2:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libcupsimage2:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libcurl3:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libnss3:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libnspr4:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libssl1.0.0:i386 but it is not installed Recommends: libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 but it is not installed Recommends: libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 but it is not installed lib32ffi6 : Depends: libc6-i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed lib32gcc1 : Depends: libc6-i386 (= 2.5) but it is not installed lib32nss-mdns : Depends: libc6-i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed lib32stdc++6 : Depends: libc6-i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed lib32z1 : Depends: libc6-i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libacl1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libattr1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libaudio2:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libavahi-client3:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed Depends: libdbus-1-3:i386 (= 1.1.1) but it is not installed libavahi-common3:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libcomerr2:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.12) but it is not installed libdb5.1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libdrm-intel1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.3.4) but it is not installed libdrm-nouveau1a:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.1.3) but it is not installed libdrm-radeon1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.3.4) but it is not installed libdrm2:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.7) but it is not installed libffi6:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libfontconfig1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.7) but it is not installed Depends: libexpat1:i386 (= 1.95.8) but it is not installed Depends: libfreetype6:i386 (= 2.2.1) but it is not installed libgcc1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.2.4) but it is not installed libgcrypt11:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libgdbm3:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.1.3) but it is not installed libglib2.0-0:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.9) but it is not installed libgpg-error0:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.1.3) but it is not installed libice6:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.11) but it is not installed libidn11:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libjpeg62:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.7) but it is not installed libkeyutils1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.1.3) but it is not installed liblcms1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.7) but it is not installed libllvm2.9:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.11) but it is not installed libmng1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.11) but it is not installed libpciaccess0:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.7) but it is not installed libpcre3:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed librtmp0:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.7) but it is not installed Depends: libgnutls26:i386 (= 2.9.11-0) but it is not installed libsasl2-2:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libsasl2-modules:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed Depends: libssl1.0.0:i386 (= 1.0.0) but it is not installed libselinux1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.8) but it is not installed libsm6:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libsqlite3-0:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libstdc++6:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libuuid1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libx11-6:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libxau6:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libxcb1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libxdamage1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.1.3) but it is not installed libxdmcp6:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libxext6:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libxfixes3:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.1.3) but it is not installed libxrender1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.1.3) but it is not installed libxss1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.1.3) but it is not installed libxt6:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.7) but it is not installed libxxf86vm1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.1.3) but it is not installed zlib1g:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f. szikszay@szikszay-Latitude-E5530-non-vPro:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade -f Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The following packages will be REMOVED libc-bin The following NEW packages will be installed libc-bin:i386 libc6:i386 libc6-i386 libcups2:i386 libcupsimage2:i386 libcurl3:i386 libdbus-1-3:i386 libexpat1:i386 libfreetype6:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 libglapi-mesa:i386 libgnutls26:i386 libgssapi-krb5-2:i386 libk5crypto3:i386 libkrb5-3:i386 libkrb5support0:i386 libldap-2.4-2:i386 libnspr4:i386 libnss3:i386 libpng12-0:i386 libqt4-dbus:i386 libqt4-declarative:i386 libqt4-designer:i386 libqt4-network:i386 libqt4-opengl:i386 libqt4-qt3support:i386 libqt4-script:i386 libqt4-scripttools:i386 libqt4-sql:i386 libqt4-svg:i386 libqt4-test:i386 libqt4-xml:i386 libqt4-xmlpatterns:i386 libqtcore4:i386 libqtgui4:i386 libssl1.0.0:i386 libtasn1-3:i386 libtiff4:i386 libxi6:i386 The following packages have been kept back: ginn libgrip0 linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic unity unity-common xserver-xorg-input-evdev xserver-xorg-input-synaptics The following packages will be upgraded: accountsservice acpi-support acpid aisleriot alsa-utils app-install-data-partner apparmor appmenu-qt apport apport-gtk apt apt-transport-https apt-utils aptdaemon aptdaemon-data apturl apturl-common at-spi2-core bamfdaemon banshee banshee-extension-soundmenu banshee-extension-ubuntuonemusicstore baobab bind9-host binutils bluez bluez-alsa bluez-cups bluez-gstreamer brasero brasero-cdrkit brasero-common brltty bzip2 ca-certificates-java checkbox checkbox-gtk colord command-not-found command-not-found-data compiz compiz-core compiz-gnome compiz-plugins-default compiz-plugins-main-default cups cups-bsd cups-client cups-common cups-ppdc dbus dbus-x11 deja-dup desktop-file-utils dnsutils dpkg ecryptfs-utils empathy empathy-common eog evince evince-common evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-common file-roller firefox firefox-globalmenu firefox-gnome-support firefox-locale-en firefox-locale-hu gbrainy gcalctool gconf2 gconf2-common gedit gedit-common ghostscript ghostscript-cups ghostscript-x gir1.2-atspi-2.0 gir1.2-gconf-2.0 gir1.2-gnomebluetooth-1.0 gir1.2-gtk-3.0 gir1.2-gtksource-3.0 gir1.2-totem-1.0 gir1.2-unity-4.0 gir1.2-webkit-3.0 gnome-accessibility-themes gnome-bluetooth gnome-control-center gnome-control-center-data gnome-desktop3-data gnome-font-viewer gnome-games-common gnome-icon-theme gnome-keyring gnome-mahjongg gnome-online-accounts gnome-orca gnome-power-manager gnome-screenshot gnome-search-tool gnome-session gnome-session-bin gnome-session-canberra gnome-session-common gnome-settings-daemon gnome-sudoku gnome-system-log gnome-system-monitor gnome-utils-common gnomine gnupg gpgv grub-common grub-pc grub-pc-bin grub2-common gstreamer0.10-gconf gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio gvfs gvfs-backends gvfs-bin gvfs-fuse gwibber gwibber-service gwibber-service-facebook gwibber-service-identica gwibber-service-twitter gzip hpijs hplip hplip-cups hplip-data icedtea-6-jre-cacao icedtea-6-jre-jamvm icedtea-netx ifupdown im-switch indicator-datetime indicator-session indicator-sound initramfs-tools initramfs-tools-bin initscripts insserv isc-dhcp-client isc-dhcp-common iso-codes jockey-common jockey-gtk language-pack-en language-pack-en-base language-pack-gnome-en language-pack-gnome-en-base language-pack-gnome-hu language-pack-gnome-hu-base language-pack-hu language-pack-hu-base language-selector-common language-selector-gnome libaccountsservice0 libapt-inst1.3 libapt-pkg4.11 libarchive1 libasound2-plugins libatk-adaptor libatspi2.0-0 libbamf0 libbamf3-0 libbind9-60 libbluetooth3 libbrasero-media3-1 libbrlapi0.5 libbz2-1.0 libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dev libcamel-1.2-29 libcanberra-gtk-module libcanberra-gtk0 libcanberra-gtk3-0 libcanberra-gtk3-module libcanberra-pulse libcanberra0 libcolord1 libcups2 libcupscgi1 libcupsdriver1 libcupsimage2 libcupsmime1 libcupsppdc1 libcurl3-gnutls libdbus-1-3 libdbus-glib-1-2 libdecoration0 libdns69 libebackend-1.2-1 libebook1.2-12 libecal1.2-10 libecryptfs0 libedata-book-1.2-11 libedata-cal-1.2-13 libedataserver1.2-15 libedataserverui-3.0-1 libevince3-3 libexif12 libexpat1 libfreetype6 libgail-3-0 libgail-3-common libgck-1-0 libgconf2-4 libgcr-3-1 libgdata-common libgdata13 libgl1-mesa-dri libgl1-mesa-glx libglapi-mesa libglu1-mesa libgnome-bluetooth8 libgnome-control-center1 libgnome-desktop-3-2 libgnutls26 libgoa-1.0-0 libgs9 libgs9-common libgssapi-krb5-2 libgtk-3-0 libgtk-3-bin libgtk-3-common libgtksourceview-3.0-0 libgtksourceview-3.0-common libgudev-1.0-0 libgweather-3-0 libgweather-common libgwibber-gtk2 libgwibber2 libhpmud0 libicu44 libimobiledevice2 libisc62 libisccc60 libisccfg62 libjasper1 libjs-jquery libk5crypto3 libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libldap-2.4-2 liblightdm-gobject-1-0 liblwres60 libmetacity-private0 libmission-control-plugins0 libmono-cairo4.0-cil libmono-corlib4.0-cil libmono-csharp4.0-cil libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil libmono-i18n4.0-cil libmono-posix4.0-cil libmono-security4.0-cil libmono-sharpzip4.84-cil libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil libmono-system-core4.0-cil libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil libmono-system-security4.0-cil libmono-system-xml4.0-cil libmono-system4.0-cil libmono-zeroconf1.0-cil libmysqlclient16 libnautilus-extension1 libncurses5 libncursesw5 libnm-glib-vpn1 libnm-glib4 libnm-gtk-common libnm-gtk0 libnm-util2 libnotify0.4-cil libnspr4 libnss3 libnss3-1d libnux-1.0-0 libnux-1.0-common libpam-gnome-keyring libpam-modules libpam-modules-bin libpam-runtime libpam0g libperl5.12 libpng12-0 libpoppler-glib6 libpoppler13 libproxy0 libpulse-mainloop-glib0 libpulse0 libpurple-bin libpurple0 libpython2.7 libqt4-dbus libqt4-declarative libqt4-network libqt4-opengl libqt4-script libqt4-sql libqt4-sql-mysql libqt4-svg libqt4-xml libqt4-xmlpatterns libqtcore4 libqtgui4 libreoffice-base-core libreoffice-calc libreoffice-common libreoffice-core libreoffice-draw libreoffice-emailmerge libreoffice-gnome libreoffice-gtk libreoffice-help-en-gb libreoffice-help-en-us libreoffice-help-hu libreoffice-impress libreoffice-l10n-common libreoffice-l10n-en-gb libreoffice-l10n-en-za libreoffice-l10n-hu libreoffice-math libreoffice-style-human libreoffice-writer libsane-hpaio libsmbclient libsnmp-base libsnmp15 libssl1.0.0 libsyncdaemon-1.0-1 libt1-5 libtasn1-3 libtiff4 libtinfo5 libtotem0 libubuntuone-1.0-1 libubuntuone1.0-cil libudev0 libunity-core-4.0-4 libunity6 libusbmuxd1 libv4l-0 libvorbis0a libvorbisenc2 libvorbisfile3 libwbclient0 libwebkitgtk-1.0-0 libwebkitgtk-1.0-common libwebkitgtk-3.0-0 libwebkitgtk-3.0-common libxi6 libxml2 libxslt1.1 lightdm linux-firmware linux-libc-dev mawk metacity metacity-common mobile-broadband-provider-info modemmanager mono-4.0-gac mono-gac mono-runtime mousetweaks multiarch-support mysql-common nautilus nautilus-data nautilus-sendto-empathy ncurses-base ncurses-bin network-manager network-manager-gnome nux-tools onboard openjdk-6-jre openjdk-6-jre-headless openjdk-6-jre-lib openssl perl perl-base perl-modules poppler-utils pulseaudio pulseaudio-esound-compat pulseaudio-module-bluetooth pulseaudio-module-gconf pulseaudio-module-x11 pulseaudio-utils python-apport python-aptdaemon python-aptdaemon-gtk python-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets python-aptdaemon.gtkwidgets python-brlapi python-crypto python-cups python-cupshelpers python-egenix-mxdatetime python-egenix-mxtools python-gobject python-gobject-cairo python-httplib2 python-keyring python-launchpadlib python-libproxy python-libxml2 python-pam python-papyon python-pkg-resources python-problem-report python-pyatspi2 python-software-properties python-ubuntuone-client python-ubuntuone-storageprotocol python-uno python2.7 python2.7-minimal qdbus samba-common samba-common-bin seahorse shotwell simple-scan smbclient sni-qt software-center software-properties-common software-properties-gtk sudo system-config-printer-common system-config-printer-gnome system-config-printer-udev sysv-rc sysvinit-utils telepathy-indicator telepathy-mission-control-5 thunderbird thunderbird-globalmenu thunderbird-gnome-support thunderbird-locale-en thunderbird-locale-en-gb thunderbird-locale-en-us thunderbird-locale-hu tomboy totem totem-common totem-mozilla totem-plugins transmission-common transmission-gtk ttf-opensymbol tzdata tzdata-java ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-docs ubuntu-minimal ubuntu-sso-client ubuntu-standard ubuntuone-client ubuntuone-client-gnome ubuntuone-couch udev unity-lens-applications unity-services uno-libs3 update-manager update-manager-core update-notifier update-notifier-common upstart ure usbmuxd vim-common vim-tiny vinagre vino whois x11-common xdiagnose xorg xserver-common xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-video-intel xserver-xorg-video-openchrome xserver-xorg-video-qxl xul-ext-ubufox WARNING: The following essential packages will be removed. This should NOT be done unless you know exactly what you are doing! libc-bin 498 upgraded, 40 newly installed, 1 to remove and 8 not upgraded. 69 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 439 MB of archives. After this operation, 135 MB of additional disk space will be used. You are about to do something potentially harmful To continue type in the phrase ‘Yes, do as I say!’ ?] I tried to upgrade but it gives me an error, when i try to upgrade-f it says i should delete libc-bin. Thanks for the answers btw. EDIT2: it also says this: The package system is broken If you are using third party repositories then disable them, since they are a common source of problems. Now run the following command in a terminal: apt-get install -f

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• Extension Methods in Dot Net 2.0

  - by Tom Hines

  Not that anyone would still need this, but in case you have a situation where the code MUST be .NET 2.0 compliant and you want to use a cool feature like Extension methods, there is a way.  I saw this article when looking for ways to create extension methods in C++, C# and VB:  http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc163317.aspx The author shows a simple  way to declare/define the ExtensionAttribute so it's available to 2.0 .NET code. Please read the article to learn about the when and why and use the content below to learn HOW. In the next post, I'll demonstrate cross-language calling of extension methods. Here is a version of it in C# First, here's the project showing there's no VOODOO included: using System; namespace System.Runtime.CompilerServices {    [       AttributeUsage(          AttributeTargets.Assembly          | AttributeTargets.Class          | AttributeTargets.Method,       AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = false)    ]    class ExtensionAttribute : Attribute{} } namespace TestTwoDotExtensions {    public static class Program    {       public static void DoThingCS(this string str)       {          Console.WriteLine("2.0\t{0:G}\t2.0", str);       }       static void Main(string[] args)       {          "asdf".DoThingCS();       }    } }   Here is the C++ version: // TestTwoDotExtensions_CPP.h #pragma once using namespace System; namespace System {        namespace Runtime {               namespace CompilerServices {               [                      AttributeUsage(                            AttributeTargets::Assembly                             | AttributeTargets::Class                            | AttributeTargets::Method,                      AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = false)               ]               public ref class ExtensionAttribute : Attribute{};               }        } } using namespace System::Runtime::CompilerServices; namespace TestTwoDotExtensions_CPP { public ref class CTestTwoDotExtensions_CPP {    public:            [ExtensionAttribute] // or [Extension]            static void DoThingCPP(String^ str)    {       Console::WriteLine("2.0\t{0:G}\t2.0", str);    } }; }

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• Should interfaces inherit interfaces

  - by dreza

  Although this is a general question it is also specific to a problem I am currently experiencing. I currently have an interface specified in my solution called public interface IContextProvider { IDataContext { get; set; } IAreaContext { get; set; } } This interface is often used throughout the program and hence I have easy access to the objects I need. However at a fairly low level of a part of my program I need access to another class that will use IAreaContext and perform some operations off it. So I have created another factory interface to do this creation called: public interface IEventContextFactory { IEventContext CreateEventContext(int eventId); } I have a class that implements the IContextProvider and is injected using NinJect. The problem I have is that the area where I need to use this IEventContextFactory has access to the IContextProvider only and itself uses another class which will need this new interface. I don't want to have to instantiate this implementation of IEventContextFactory at the low level and would rather work with the IEventContextFactory interface throughout. However I also don't want to have to inject another parameter through the constructors just to have it passed through to the class that needs it i.e. // example of problem public class MyClass { public MyClass(IContextProvider context, IEventContextFactory event) { _context = context; _event = event; } public void DoSomething() { // the only place _event is used in the class is to pass it through var myClass = new MyChildClass(_event); myClass.PerformCalculation(); } } So my main question is, would this be acceptable or is it even common or good practice to do something like this (interface inherit another an interface): public interface IContextProvider : IEventContextFactory or should I consider better alternatives to achieving what I need. If I have not provided enough information to give suggestions let me know and I can provide more.

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• MVC OnActionExecuting to Redirect

  - by Aligned

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/Aligned/archive/2014/08/12/mvc-onactionexecuting-to-redirect.aspxI recently had the following requirements in an MVC application: Given a new user that still has the default password When they first login Then the user must change their password and optionally provide contact information I found that I can override the OnActionExecuting method in a BaseController class.public class BaseController : Controller { [Inject] public ISessionManager SessionManager { get; set; } protected override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext) { // call the base method first base.OnActionExecuting(filterContext); // if the user hasn't changed their password yet, force them to the welcome page if (!filterContext.RouteData.Values.ContainsValue("WelcomeNewUser")) { var currentUser = this.SessionManager.GetCurrentUser(); if (currentUser.FusionUser.IsPasswordChangeRequired) { filterContext.Result = new RedirectResult("/welcome"); } } } } Better yet, you can use an ActionFilterAttribute (and here) and apply the attribute to the Base or individual controllers./// <summary> /// Redirect the user to the WelcomePage if the FusionUser.IsPasswordChangeRequired is true; /// </summary> public class WelcomePageRedirectActionFilterAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute { [Inject] public ISessionManager SessionManager { get; set; } public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext actionContext) { base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext); // if the user hasn't changed their password yet, force them to the welcome page if (actionContext.RouteData.Values.ContainsValue("WelcomeNewUser")) { return; } var currentUser = this.SessionManager.GetCurrentUser(); if (currentUser.FusionUser.IsPasswordChangeRequired) { actionContext.Result = new RedirectResult("/welcome"); } } }  [WelcomePageRedirectActionFilterAttribute] public class BaseController : Controller { ... } The requirement is now met.

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• Windows Azure Boot Camp coming to KC in April

  - by John Alexander

  Interested in getting up to speed on Windows Azure? Then check out this FREE boot camp, all across the US this   What is a Windows Azure Boot Camp? Windows Azure Boot Camp is a two day deep dive class to get you up to speed on developing for Windows Azure. The class includes a trainer with deep real world experience with Azure, as well as a series of labs so you can practice what you just learned. ABC is more than just a class, it is also an event in a box. If you don't see a class near you, then throw your own. We provide all of the materials and training you need to host your own class. This can be for your company, your customers, your friends, or even your family. Please let us know so we can give you all of the details.   Awesome. How much does it cost? Thanks to all of our fantabulous sponsors, this two day training event is FREE! We will provide drinks and snacks, but you will be on your own for lunch on both days. This is a training class after all.   How do I attend one? You can click here to register for the Kansas City event on April 8th and 9th or click here to see where else ABC will be… WHAT TO BRING – important!!!

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• Should interfaces extend (and in doing so inherit methods of) other interfaces

  - by dreza

  Although this is a general question it is also specific to a problem I am currently experiencing. I currently have an interface specified in my solution called public interface IContextProvider { IDataContext { get; set; } IAreaContext { get; set; } } This interface is often used throughout the program and hence I have easy access to the objects I need. However at a fairly low level of a part of my program I need access to another class that will use IAreaContext and perform some operations off it. So I have created another factory interface to do this creation called: public interface IEventContextFactory { IEventContext CreateEventContext(int eventId); } I have a class that implements the IContextProvider and is injected using NinJect. The problem I have is that the area where I need to use this IEventContextFactory has access to the IContextProvider only and itself uses another class which will need this new interface. I don't want to have to instantiate this implementation of IEventContextFactory at the low level and would rather work with the IEventContextFactory interface throughout. However I also don't want to have to inject another parameter through the constructors just to have it passed through to the class that needs it i.e. // example of problem public class MyClass { public MyClass(IContextProvider context, IEventContextFactory event) { _context = context; _event = event; } public void DoSomething() { // the only place _event is used in the class is to pass it through var myClass = new MyChildClass(_event); myClass.PerformCalculation(); } } So my main question is, would this be acceptable or is it even common or good practice to do something like this (interface extend another an interface): public interface IContextProvider : IEventContextFactory or should I consider better alternatives to achieving what I need. If I have not provided enough information to give suggestions let me know and I can provide more.

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• Extreme Optimization – Curves (Function Mapping) Part 1

  - by JoshReuben

  Overview ·        a curve is a functional map relationship between two factors (i.e. a function - However, the word function is a reserved word). ·        You can use the EO API to create common types of functions, find zeroes and calculate derivatives - currently supports constants, lines, quadratic curves, polynomials and Chebyshev approximations. ·        A function basis is a set of functions that can be combined to form a particular class of functions.   The Curve class ·        the abstract base class from which all other curve classes are derived – it provides the following methods: ·        ValueAt(Double) - evaluates the curve at a specific point. ·        SlopeAt(Double) - evaluates the derivative ·        Integral(Double, Double) - evaluates the definite integral over a specified interval. ·        TangentAt(Double) - returns a Line curve that is the tangent to the curve at a specific point. ·        FindRoots() - attempts to find all the roots or zeroes of the curve. ·        A particular type of curve is defined by a Parameters property, of type ParameterCollection   The GeneralCurve class ·        defines a curve whose value and, optionally, derivative and integrals, are calculated using arbitrary methods. A general curve has no parameters. ·        Constructor params:  RealFunction delegates – 1 for the function, and optionally another 2 for the derivative and integral ·        If no derivative  or integral function is supplied, they are calculated via the NumericalDifferentiation  and AdaptiveIntegrator classes in the Extreme.Mathematics.Calculus namespace. // the function is 1/(1+x^2) private double f(double x) {     return 1 / (1 + x*x); }   // Its derivative is -2x/(1+x^2)^2 private double df(double x) {     double y = 1 + x*x;     return -2*x* / (y*y); }   // The integral of f is Arctan(x), which is available from the Math class. var c1 = new GeneralCurve (new RealFunction(f), new RealFunction(df), new RealFunction(System.Math.Atan)); // Find the tangent to this curve at x=1 (the Line class is derived from Curve) Line l1 = c1.TangentAt(1);

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• C#/.NET Little Wonders: Tuples and Tuple Factory Methods

  - by James Michael Hare

  Once again, in this series of posts I look at the parts of the .NET Framework that may seem trivial, but can really help improve your code by making it easier to write and maintain.  This week, we look at the System.Tuple class and the handy factory methods for creating a Tuple by inferring the types. What is a Tuple? The System.Tuple is a class that tends to inspire a reaction in one of two ways: love or hate.  Simply put, a Tuple is a data structure that holds a specific number of items of a specific type in a specific order.  That is, a Tuple<int, string, int> is a tuple that contains exactly three items: an int, followed by a string, followed by an int.  The sequence is important not only to distinguish between two members of the tuple with the same type, but also for comparisons between tuples.  Some people tend to love tuples because they give you a quick way to combine multiple values into one result.  This can be handy for returning more than one value from a method (without using out or ref parameters), or for creating a compound key to a Dictionary, or any other purpose you can think of.  They can be especially handy when passing a series of items into a call that only takes one object parameter, such as passing an argument to a thread's startup routine.  In these cases, you do not need to define a class, simply create a tuple containing the types you wish to return, and you are ready to go? On the other hand, there are some people who see tuples as a crutch in object-oriented design.  They may view the tuple as a very watered down class with very little inherent semantic meaning.  As an example, what if you saw this in a piece of code: 1: var x = new Tuple<int, int>(2, 5); What are the contents of this tuple?  If the tuple isn't named appropriately, and if the contents of each member are not self evident from the type this can be a confusing question.  The people who tend to be against tuples would rather you explicitly code a class to contain the values, such as: 1: public sealed class RetrySettings 2: { 3: public int TimeoutSeconds { get; set; } 4: public int MaxRetries { get; set; } 5: } Here, the meaning of each int in the class is much more clear, but it's a bit more work to create the class and can clutter a solution with extra classes. So, what's the correct way to go?  That's a tough call.  You will have people who will argue quite well for one or the other.  For me, I consider the Tuple to be a tool to make it easy to collect values together easily.  There are times when I just need to combine items for a key or a result, in which case the tuple is short lived and so the meaning isn't easily lost and I feel this is a good compromise.  If the scope of the collection of items, though, is more application-wide I tend to favor creating a full class. Finally, it should be noted that tuples are immutable.  That means they are assigned a value at construction, and that value cannot be changed.  Now, of course if the tuple contains an item of a reference type, this means that the reference is immutable and not the item referred to. Tuples from 1 to N Tuples come in all sizes, you can have as few as one element in your tuple, or as many as you like.  However, since C# generics can't have an infinite generic type parameter list, any items after 7 have to be collapsed into another tuple, as we'll show shortly. So when you declare your tuple from sizes 1 (a 1-tuple or singleton) to 7 (a 7-tuple or septuple), simply include the appropriate number of type arguments: 1: // a singleton tuple of integer 2: Tuple<int> x; 3:  4: // or more 5: Tuple<int, double> y; 6:  7: // up to seven 8: Tuple<int, double, char, double, int, string, uint> z; Anything eight and above, and we have to nest tuples inside of tuples.  The last element of the 8-tuple is the generic type parameter Rest, this is special in that the Tuple checks to make sure at runtime that the type is a Tuple.  This means that a simple 8-tuple must nest a singleton tuple (one of the good uses for a singleton tuple, by the way) for the Rest property. 1: // an 8-tuple 2: Tuple<int, int, int, int, int, double, char, Tuple<string>> t8; 3:  4: // an 9-tuple 5: Tuple<int, int, int, int, double, int, char, Tuple<string, DateTime>> t9; 6:  7: // a 16-tuple 8: Tuple<int, int, int, int, int, int, int, Tuple<int, int, int, int, int, int, int, Tuple<int,int>>> t14; Notice that on the 14-tuple we had to have a nested tuple in the nested tuple.  Since the tuple can only support up to seven items, and then a rest element, that means that if the nested tuple needs more than seven items you must nest in it as well.  Constructing tuples Constructing tuples is just as straightforward as declaring them.  That said, you have two distinct ways to do it.  The first is to construct the tuple explicitly yourself: 1: var t3 = new Tuple<int, string, double>(1, "Hello", 3.1415927); This creates a triple that has an int, string, and double and assigns the values 1, "Hello", and 3.1415927 respectively.  Make sure the order of the arguments supplied matches the order of the types!  Also notice that we can't half-assign a tuple or create a default tuple.  Tuples are immutable (you can't change the values once constructed), so thus you must provide all values at construction time. Another way to easily create tuples is to do it implicitly using the System.Tuple static class's Create() factory methods.  These methods (much like C++'s std::make_pair method) will infer the types from the method call so you don't have to type them in.  This can dramatically reduce the amount of typing required especially for complex tuples! 1: // this 4-tuple is typed Tuple<int, double, string, char> 2: var t4 = Tuple.Create(42, 3.1415927, "Love", 'X'); Notice how much easier it is to use the factory methods and infer the types?  This can cut down on typing quite a bit when constructing tuples.  The Create() factory method can construct from a 1-tuple (singleton) to an 8-tuple (octuple), which of course will be a octuple where the last item is a singleton as we described before in nested tuples. Accessing tuple members Accessing a tuple's members is simplicity itself… mostly.  The properties for accessing up to the first seven items are Item1, Item2, …, Item7.  If you have an octuple or beyond, the final property is Rest which will give you the nested tuple which you can then access in a similar matter.  Once again, keep in mind that these are read-only properties and cannot be changed. 1: // for septuples and below, use the Item properties 2: var t1 = Tuple.Create(42, 3.14); 3:  4: Console.WriteLine("First item is {0} and second is {1}", 5: t1.Item1, t1.Item2); 6:  7: // for octuples and above, use Rest to retrieve nested tuple 8: var t9 = new Tuple<int, int, int, int, int, int, int, 9: Tuple<int, int>>(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,Tuple.Create(8,9)); 10:  11: Console.WriteLine("The 8th item is {0}", t9.Rest.Item1); Tuples are IStructuralComparable and IStructuralEquatable Most of you know about IComparable and IEquatable, what you may not know is that there are two sister interfaces to these that were added in .NET 4.0 to help support tuples.  These IStructuralComparable and IStructuralEquatable make it easy to compare two tuples for equality and ordering.  This is invaluable for sorting, and makes it easy to use tuples as a compound-key to a dictionary (one of my favorite uses)! Why is this so important?  Remember when we said that some folks think tuples are too generic and you should define a custom class?  This is all well and good, but if you want to design a custom class that can automatically order itself based on its members and build a hash code for itself based on its members, it is no longer a trivial task!  Thankfully the tuple does this all for you through the explicit implementations of these interfaces. For equality, two tuples are equal if all elements are equal between the two tuples, that is if t1.Item1 == t2.Item1 and t1.Item2 == t2.Item2, and so on.  For ordering, it's a little more complex in that it compares the two tuples one at a time starting at Item1, and sees which one has a smaller Item1.  If one has a smaller Item1, it is the smaller tuple.  However if both Item1 are the same, it compares Item2 and so on. For example: 1: var t1 = Tuple.Create(1, 3.14, "Hi"); 2: var t2 = Tuple.Create(1, 3.14, "Hi"); 3: var t3 = Tuple.Create(2, 2.72, "Bye"); 4:  5: // true, t1 == t2 because all items are == 6: Console.WriteLine("t1 == t2 : " + t1.Equals(t2)); 7:  8: // false, t1 != t2 because at least one item different 9: Console.WriteLine("t2 == t2 : " + t2.Equals(t3)); The actual implementation of IComparable, IEquatable, IStructuralComparable, and IStructuralEquatable is explicit, so if you want to invoke the methods defined there you'll have to manually cast to the appropriate interface: 1: // true because t1.Item1 < t3.Item1, if had been same would check Item2 and so on 2: Console.WriteLine("t1 < t3 : " + (((IComparable)t1).CompareTo(t3) < 0)); So, as I mentioned, the fact that tuples are automatically equatable and comparable (provided the types you use define equality and comparability as needed) means that we can use tuples for compound keys in hashing and ordering containers like Dictionary and SortedList: 1: var tupleDict = new Dictionary<Tuple<int, double, string>, string>(); 2:  3: tupleDict.Add(t1, "First tuple"); 4: tupleDict.Add(t2, "Second tuple"); 5: tupleDict.Add(t3, "Third tuple"); Because IEquatable defines GetHashCode(), and Tuple's IStructuralEquatable implementation creates this hash code by combining the hash codes of the members, this makes using the tuple as a complex key quite easy!  For example, let's say you are creating account charts for a financial application, and you want to cache those charts in a Dictionary based on the account number and the number of days of chart data (for example, a 1 day chart, 1 week chart, etc): 1: // the account number (string) and number of days (int) are key to get cached chart 2: var chartCache = new Dictionary<Tuple<string, int>, IChart>(); Summary The System.Tuple, like any tool, is best used where it will achieve a greater benefit.  I wouldn't advise overusing them, on objects with a large scope or it can become difficult to maintain.  However, when used properly in a well defined scope they can make your code cleaner and easier to maintain by removing the need for extraneous POCOs and custom property hashing and ordering. They are especially useful in defining compound keys to IDictionary implementations and for returning multiple values from methods, or passing multiple values to a single object parameter. Tweet Technorati Tags: C#,.NET,Tuple,Little Wonders

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• Evolution of an Application: how to manage and improve core engine?

  - by Phil Carter

  The web application I work on has been live for a year now, but it's time for it to evolve and one of the ways in which it is evolving is into a multi-brand application - in this case several different companies using the application, different templates/content and some slight business logic changes between them. The problem I'm facing is implementing a best practice across the site where there are differences in business logic for each brand. These will mostly be very superficial, using a an alternative mailing list provider or capturing some extra data in a form. I don't want to have if(brand === x) { ... } else { ... } all over the site especially as most of what needs to be changed can be handled with extending the existing class. I've thought of several methods that could be used to instantiate the correct class, but I'm just not sure which is going to be best especially as some seem to lead to duplication of more code than should be necessary. Here's what I've considered: 1) Use a Static Loader similar to Zend_Loader which can take the class being requested, and has knowledge of the Brand and can then return the correct object. $class = App_Loader::getObject('User', $brand); 2) Factory classes. We use these in the application already for Products but we could utilise them here also to provide a transparent interface to the class. 3) Routing the page request to a specific brand controller. This however seems like it would duplicate a lot of code/logic. Is there a pattern or something else I should be considering to solve this problem? 4) How to manage a growing project that has multiple custom instances in production? Update This is a PHP application so the decisions on which class to load are made per request. There could be upwards of 100+ different 'brands' running.

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• dpkg behaving strangely?

  - by Tom Henderson

  When I use apt to get a package, I have been receiving the same error message. Here is an example trying to install wicd (which is already installed): Reading package lists... Building dependency tree... Reading state information... wicd is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded. 3 not fully installed or removed. After this operation, 0B of additional disk space will be used. Setting up tex-common (2.06) ... debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog debconf: (Dialog frontend requires a screen at least 13 lines tall and 31 columns wide.) debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline Running mktexlsr. This may take some time... done. No packages found matching texlive-base. dpkg: error processing tex-common (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of texlive-binaries: texlive-binaries depends on tex-common (>= 2.00); however: Package tex-common is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing texlive-binaries (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of dvipng: dvipng depends on texlive-base-bin; however: Package texlive-base-bin is not installed. Package texlive-binaries which provides texlive-base-bin is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing dvipng (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure. No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure. Errors were encountered while processing: tex-common texlive-binaries dvipng E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) I'm not sure if this is a problem with apt or with dpkg, but it certainly doesn't look good!

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• .NET Properties - Use Private Set or ReadOnly Property?

  - by tgxiii

  In what situation should I use a Private Set on a property versus making it a ReadOnly property? Take into consideration the two very simplistic examples below. First example: Public Class Person Private _name As String Public Property Name As String Get Return _name End Get Private Set(ByVal value As String) _name = value End Set End Property Public Sub WorkOnName() Dim txtInfo As TextInfo = _ Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.TextInfo Me.Name = txtInfo.ToTitleCase(Me.Name) End Sub End Class // ---------- public class Person { private string _name; public string Name { get { return _name; } private set { _name = value; } } public void WorkOnName() { TextInfo txtInfo = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.TextInfo; this.Name = txtInfo.ToTitleCase(this.Name); } } Second example: Public Class AnotherPerson Private _name As String Public ReadOnly Property Name As String Get Return _name End Get End Property Public Sub WorkOnName() Dim txtInfo As TextInfo = _ Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.TextInfo _name = txtInfo.ToTitleCase(_name) End Sub End Class // --------------- public class AnotherPerson { private string _name; public string Name { get { return _name; } } public void WorkOnName() { TextInfo txtInfo = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.TextInfo; _name = txtInfo.ToTitleCase(_name); } } They both yield the same results. Is this a situation where there's no right and wrong, and it's just a matter of preference?

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• Slick2D - Entities and rendering

  - by Zarkopafilis

  I have been trying to create my very first game for quite a while, followed some tutorials and stuff, but I am stuck at creating my entity system. I have made a class that extends the Entity class and here it is: public class Lazer extends Entity{//Just say that it is some sort of bullet private Play p;//Play class(State) private float x; private float y; private int direction; public Lazer(Play p, float x , float y, int direction){ this.p = p; this.x = x; this.y = y; this.direction = direction; p.ent.add(this); } public int getDirection(){ return direction; //this one specifies what value will be increased (x/y) at update } public float getX(){ return x; } public float getY(){ return y; } public void setY(float y){ this.y = y; } public void setX(float x){ this.x = x; } } The class seems pretty good , after speding some hours googling what would be the right thing. Now, on my Play class. I cant figure out how to draw them. (I have added them to an arraylist) On the update method , I update the lazers based on their direction: public void moveLazers(int delta){ for(int i=0;i<ent.size();i++){ Lazer l = ent.get(i); if(l.getDirection() == 1){ l.setX(l.getX() + delta * .1f); }else if(l.getDirection() == 2){ l.setX(l.getX() - delta * .1f); }else if(l.getDirection() == 3){ l.setY(l.getY() + delta * .1f); }else if(l.getDirection() == 4){ l.setY(l.getY() - delta * .1f); } } } Now , I am stuck at the render method. Anyway , is this the correct way of doing this or do I need to change stuff? Also I need to know if collision detection needs to be in the update method. Thanks in advance ~ Teo Ntakouris

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• HTML5 data-* (custom data attribute)

  - by Renso

  Goal: Store custom data with the data attribute on any DOM element and retrieve it. Previously under HTML4 we used to use classes to store custom data, something to the affect of <input class="account void limit-5000 over-4999" /> and then have to parse the data out of the class In a book published by Peter-Paul Koch in 2007, ppk on JavaScript, he explains why and how to use custom attributes to make data more accessible to JavaScript, using name-value pairs. Accessing a custom attribute account-limit=5000 is much easier and more intuitive than trying to parse it out of a class, Plus, what if the class name for example "color-5" has a representative class definition in a CSS stylesheet that hides it away or worse some JavaScript plugin that automatically adds 5000 to it, or something crazy like that, just because it is a valid class name. As you can see there are quite a few reasons why using classes is a bad design and why it was important to define custom data attributes in HTML5. Syntax: You define the data attribute by simply prefixing any data item you want to store with any HTML element with "data-". For example to store our customers account data with a hidden input element: <input type="hidden" data-account="void" data-limit=5000 data-over=4999  /> How to access the data: account  -     element.dataset.account limit    -     element.dataset.limit You can also access it by using the more traditional get/setAttribute method or if using jQuery $('#element').attr('data-account','void') Browser support: All except for IE. There is an IE hack around this at http://gist.github.com/362081. Special Note: Be AWARE, do not use upper-case when defining your data elements as it is all converted to lower-case when reading it, so: data-myAccount="A1234" will not be found when you read it with: element.dataset.myAccount Use only lowercase when reading so this will work: element.dataset.myaccount

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• Best practice with pyGTK and Builder XML files

  - by Phoenix87

  I usually design GUI with Glade, thus producing a series of Builder XML files (one such file for each application window). Now my idea is to define a class, e.g. MainWindow, that inherits from gtk.Window and that implements all the signal handlers for the application main window. The problem is that when I retrieve the main window from the containing XML file, it is returned as a gtk.Window instance. The solution I have adopted so far is the following: I have defined a class "Window" in the following way class Window(): def __init__(self, win_name): builder = gtk.Builder() self.builder = builder builder.add_from_file("%s.glade" % win_name) self.window = builder.get_object(win_name) builder.connect_signals(self) def run(self): return self.window.run() def show_all(self): return self.window.show_all() def destroy(self): return self.window.destroy() def child(self, name): return self.builder.get_object(name) In the actual application code I have then defined a new class, say MainWindow, that inherits frow Window, and that looks like class Main(Window): def __init__(self): Window.__init__(self, "main") ### Signal handlers ##################################################### def on_mnu_file_quit_activated(self, widget, data = None): ... The string "main" refers to the main window, called "main", which resides into the XML Builder file "main.glade" (this is a sort of convention I decided to adopt). So the question is: how can I inherit from gtk.Window directly, by defining, say, the class Foo(gtk.Window), and recast the return value of builder.get_object(win_name) to Foo?

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• What's a good entity hierarchy for a 2D game?

  - by futlib

  I'm in the process of building a new 2D game out of some code I wrote a while ago. The object hierarchy for entities is like this: Scene (e.g. MainMenu): Contains multiple entities and delegates update()/draw() to each Entity: Base class for all things in a scene (e.g. MenuItem or Alien) Sprite: Base class for all entities that just draw a texture, i.e. don't have their own drawing logic Does it make sense to split up entities and sprites up like that? I think in a 2D game, the terms entity and sprite are somewhat synonymous, right? But I do believe that I need some base class for entities that just draw a texture, as opposed to drawing themselves, to avoid duplication. Most entities are like that. One weird case is my Text class: It derives from Sprite, which accepts either the path of an image or an already loaded texture in its constructor. Text loads a texture in its constructor and passes that to Sprite. Can you outline a design that makes more sense? Or point me to a good object-oriented reference code base for a 2D game? I could only find 3D engine code bases of decent code quality, e.g. Doom 3 and HPL1Engine.

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• Java applet game design no keyboard focus

  - by Sri Harsha Chilakapati

  THIS IS PROBABLY THE WRONG PLACE. POSTED ITHERE (STACKOVERFLOW) I'm making an applet game and it is rendering, the game loop is running, the animations are updating, but the keyboard input is not working. Here's an SSCCE. public class Game extends JApplet implements Runnable { public void init(){ // Initialize the game when called by browser setFocusable(true); requestFocus(); requestFocusInWindow(); // Always returning false GInput.install(this); // Install the input manager for this class new Thread(this).start(); } public void run(){ startGameLoop(); } } And Here's the GInput class. public class GInput implements KeyListener { public static void install(Component c){ new GInput(c); } public GInput(Component c){ c.addKeyListener(this); } public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e){ System.out.println("A key has been pressed"); } ...... } This is my GInput class. When run as an applet, it doesn't work and when I add the Game class to a frame, it works properly. Thanks

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• In an Entity/Component system, can component data be implemented as a simple array of key-value pairs? [on hold]

  - by 010110110101

  I'm trying to wrap my head around how to organize components in an Entity Component Systems once everything in the current scene/level is loaded in memory. (I'm a hobbyist BTW) Some people seem to implement the Entity as an object that contains a list of of "Component" objects. Components contain data organized as an array of key-value pairs. Where the value is serialized "somehow". (pseudocode is loosely in C# for brevity) class Entity { Guid _id; List<Component> _components; } class Component { List<ComponentAttributeValue> _attributes; } class ComponentAttributeValue { string AttributeName; object AttributeValue; } Others describe Components as an in-memory "table". An entity acquires the component by having its key placed in a table. The attributes of the component-entity instance are like the columns in a table class Renderable_Component { List<RenderableComponentAttributeValue> _entities; } class RenderableComponentAttributeValue { Guid entityId; matrix4 transformation; // other stuff for rendering // everything is strongly typed } Others describe this actually as a table. (and such tables sound like an EAV database schema BTW) (and the value is serialized "somehow") Render_Component_Table ---------------- Entity Id Attribute Name Attribute Value and when brought into running code: class Entity { Guid _id; Dictionary<string, object> _attributes; } My specific question is: Given various components, (Renderable, Positionable, Explodeable, Hideable, etc) and given that each component has an attribute with a particular name, (TRANSLATION_MATRIX, PARTICLE_EMISSION_VELOCITY, CAN_HIDE, FAVORITE_COLOR, etc) should: an entity contain a list of components where each component, in turn, has their own array of named attributes with values serialized somehow or should components exist as in-memory tables of entity references and associated with each "row" there are "columns" representing the attribute with values that are specific to each entity instance and are strongly typed or all attributes be stored in an entity as a singular array of named attributes with values serialized somehow (could have name collisions) or something else???

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• Skype sounds sizzle/distorted/bad

  - by Filubuntu

  I have the same problem as described in the questions skype notification sounds sizzled and bad sound on login to skype. But it is not only the login, notification, but also when talking to somebody. I tried the solution to remove/re-install skype and most of the solutions in this questions, e.g. checking mixer, sound settings and installing alsa-hda-dkms (incl. system restart). After installing skype (and even after upgrade to skype 4.0) in Ubuntu 12.04 (AMD 64) there was no sound at all. I followed the first step of the SoundTroubleshootingProcedure and at least there is now sound: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-audio-dev/ppa; sudo apt-get update;sudo apt-get dist-upgrade; sudo apt-get install linux-sound-base alsa-base alsa-utils gdm ubuntu-desktop linux-image-`uname -r` libasound2; sudo apt-get -y --reinstall install linux-sound-base alsa-base alsa-utils gdm ubuntu-desktop linux-image-`uname -r` libasound2; killall pulseaudio; rm -r ~/.pulse*; sudo usermod -aG `cat /etc/group | grep -e '^pulse:' -e '^audio:' -e '^pulse-access:' -e '^pulse-rt:' -e '^video:' | awk -F: '{print $1}' | tr '\n' ',' | sed 's:,$::g'` `whoami` The jittering sound would sometimes disappear, e.g. on the Echo-Testcall after replaying the recorded part. And I noticed that if I let music play in the rhythmbox and then start skype, the sound is fine. So I have a weak solution, but I would be glad it would work without this detour. As requested: My sound card is a an "AMD High Definition Audio Device" called Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) Hudson Azalia controller (rev01), subsystem Lenovo Device 21ea (according to sysinfo) on a Lenovo Thinkpad Edge 525.

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