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  • Hierarchies on Steroids #1: Convert an Adjacency List to Nested Sets

    SQL Server MVP Jeff Moden shows us a new very high performance method to convert an "Adjacency List" to “Nested Sets” on a million node hierarchy in less than a minute and 100,000 nodes in just seconds. Not surprisingly, the "steroids" come in a bottle labeled "Tally Table". 12 essential tools for database professionalsThe SQL Developer Bundle contains 12 tools designed with the SQL Server developer and DBA in mind. Try it now.

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  • Self-Executing Anonymous Function vs Prototype

    - by Robotsushi
    In Javascript there are a few clearly prominent techniques for create and manage classes/namespaces in javascript. I am curious what situations warrant using one technique vs. the other. I want to pick one and stick with it moving forward. I write enterprise code that is maintained and shared across multiple teams, and I want to know what is the best practice when writing maintainable javascript ? I tend to prefer Self-Executing Anonymous Functions however I am curious what the community vote is on these techniques. Prototype : function obj() { } obj.prototype.test = function() { alert('Hello?'); }; var obj2 = new obj(); obj2.test(); Self-Closing Anonymous Function : //Self-Executing Anonymous Function (function( skillet, $, undefined ) { //Private Property var isHot = true; //Public Property skillet.ingredient = "Bacon Strips"; //Public Method skillet.fry = function() { var oliveOil; addItem( "\t\n Butter \n\t" ); addItem( oliveOil ); console.log( "Frying " + skillet.ingredient ); }; //Private Method function addItem( item ) { if ( item !== undefined ) { console.log( "Adding " + $.trim(item) ); } } }( window.skillet = window.skillet || {}, jQuery )); //Public Properties console.log( skillet.ingredient ); //Bacon Strips //Public Methods skillet.fry(); //Adding Butter & Fraying Bacon Strips //Adding a Public Property skillet.quantity = "12"; console.log( skillet.quantity ); //12 //Adding New Functionality to the Skillet (function( skillet, $, undefined ) { //Private Property var amountOfGrease = "1 Cup"; //Public Method skillet.toString = function() { console.log( skillet.quantity + " " + skillet.ingredient + " & " + amountOfGrease + " of Grease" ); console.log( isHot ? "Hot" : "Cold" ); }; }( window.skillet = window.skillet || {}, jQuery )); //end of skillet definition try { //12 Bacon Strips & 1 Cup of Grease skillet.toString(); //Throws Exception } catch( e ) { console.log( e.message ); //isHot is not defined } I feel that I should mention that the Self-Executing Anonymous Function is the pattern used by the jQuery team. Update When I asked this question I didn't truly see the importance of what I was trying to understand. The real issue at hand is whether or not to use new to create instances of your objects or to use patterns which do not require constructors of the use of the new keyword. I added my own answer, because in my opinion we should make use of patterns which don't use the new keyword. For more information please see my answer.

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  • how to make a function recursive

    - by tom smith
    i have this huge function and i am wondering how to make it recursive. i have the base case which should never come true, so it should always go to else and keep calling itself with the variable t increases. any help would be great thanks def draw(x, y, t, planets): if 'Satellites' in planets["Moon"]: print ("fillcircle", x, y, planets["Moon"]['Radius']*scale) else: while True: print("refresh") print("colour 0 0 0") print("clear") print("colour 255 255 255") print("fillcircle",x,y,planets['Sun']['Radius']*scale) print("text ", "\"Sun\"",x+planets['Sun']['Radius']*scale,y) if "Mercury" in planets: r_Mercury=planets['Mercury']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",x,y,r_Mercury) r_Xmer=x+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Mercury']['Period'])*r_Mercury r_Ymer=y+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Mercury']['Period'])*r_Mercury print("fillcircle",r_Xmer,r_Ymer,3) print("text ", "\"Mercury\"",r_Xmer+planets['Mercury']['Radius']*scale,r_Ymer) if "Venus" in planets: r_Venus=planets['Venus']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",x,y,r_Venus) r_Xven=x+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Venus']['Period'])*r_Venus r_Yven=y+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Venus']['Period'])*r_Venus print("fillcircle",r_Xven,r_Yven,3) print("text ", "\"Venus\"",r_Xven+planets['Venus']['Radius']*scale,r_Yven) if "Earth" in planets: r_Earth=planets['Earth']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",x,y,r_Earth) r_Xe=x+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Earth']['Period'])*r_Earth r_Ye=y+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Earth']['Period'])*r_Earth print("fillcircle",r_Xe,r_Ye,3) print("text ", "\"Earth\"",r_Xe+planets['Earth']['Radius']*scale,r_Ye) if "Moon" in planets: r_Moon=planets['Moon']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",r_Xe,r_Ye,r_Moon) r_Xm=r_Xe+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Moon']['Period'])*r_Moon r_Ym=r_Ye+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Moon']['Period'])*r_Moon print("fillcircle",r_Xm,r_Ym,3) print("text ", "\"Moon\"",r_Xm+planets['Moon']['Radius']*scale,r_Ym) if "Mars" in planets: r_Mars=planets['Mars']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",x,y,r_Mars) r_Xmar=x+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Mars']['Period'])*r_Mars r_Ymar=y+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Mars']['Period'])*r_Mars print("fillcircle",r_Xmar,r_Ymar,3) print("text ", "\"Mars\"",r_Xmar+planets['Mars']['Radius']*scale,r_Ymar) if "Phobos" in planets: r_Phobos=planets['Phobos']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",r_Xmar,r_Ymar,r_Phobos) r_Xpho=r_Xmar+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Phobos']['Period'])*r_Phobos r_Ypho=r_Ymar+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Phobos']['Period'])*r_Phobos print("fillcircle",r_Xpho,r_Ypho,3) print("text ", "\"Phobos\"",r_Xpho+planets['Phobos']['Radius']*scale,r_Ypho) if "Deimos" in planets: r_Deimos=planets['Deimos']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",r_Xmar,r_Ymar,r_Deimos) r_Xdei=r_Xmar+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Deimos']['Period'])*r_Deimos r_Ydei=r_Ymar+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Deimos']['Period'])*r_Deimos print("fillcircle",r_Xdei,r_Ydei,3) print("text ", "\"Deimos\"",r_Xpho+planets['Deimos']['Radius']*scale,r_Ydei) if "Ceres" in planets: r_Ceres=planets['Ceres']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",x,y,r_Ceres) r_Xcer=x+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Ceres']['Period'])*r_Ceres r_Ycer=y+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Ceres']['Period'])*r_Ceres print("fillcircle",r_Xcer,r_Ycer,3) print("text ", "\"Ceres\"",r_Xcer+planets['Ceres']['Radius']*scale,r_Ycer) if "Jupiter" in planets: r_Jupiter=planets['Jupiter']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",x,y,r_Jupiter) r_Xjup=x+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Jupiter']['Period'])*r_Jupiter r_Yjup=y+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Jupiter']['Period'])*r_Jupiter print("fillcircle",r_Xjup,r_Yjup,3) print("text ", "\"Jupiter\"",r_Xjup+planets['Jupiter']['Radius']*scale,r_Yjup) if "Io" in planets: r_Io=planets['Io']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",r_Xjup,r_Yjup,r_Io) r_Xio=r_Xjup+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Io']['Period'])*r_Io r_Yio=r_Yjup+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Io']['Period'])*r_Io print("fillcircle",r_Xio,r_Yio,3) print("text ", "\"Io\"",r_Xio+planets['Io']['Radius']*scale,r_Yio) if "Europa" in planets: r_Europa=planets['Europa']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",r_Xjup,r_Yjup,r_Europa) r_Xeur=r_Xjup+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Europa']['Period'])*r_Europa r_Yeur=r_Yjup+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Europa']['Period'])*r_Europa print("fillcircle",r_Xeur,r_Yeur,3) print("text ", "\"Europa\"",r_Xeur+planets['Europa']['Radius']*scale,r_Yeur) if "Ganymede" in planets: r_Ganymede=planets['Ganymede']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",r_Xjup,r_Yjup,r_Ganymede) r_Xgan=r_Xjup+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Ganymede']['Period'])*r_Ganymede r_Ygan=r_Yjup+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Ganymede']['Period'])*r_Ganymede print("fillcircle",r_Xgan,r_Ygan,3) print("text ", "\"Ganymede\"",r_Xgan+planets['Ganymede']['Radius']*scale,r_Ygan) if "Callisto" in planets: r_Callisto=planets['Callisto']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",r_Xjup,r_Yjup,r_Callisto) r_Xcal=r_Xjup+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Callisto']['Period'])*r_Callisto r_Ycal=r_Yjup+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Callisto']['Period'])*r_Callisto print("fillcircle",r_Xcal,r_Ycal,3) print("text ", "\"Callisto\"",r_Xcal+planets['Callisto']['Radius']*scale,r_Ycal) if "Saturn" in planets: r_Saturn=planets['Saturn']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",x,y,r_Saturn) r_Xsat=x+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Saturn']['Period'])*r_Saturn r_Ysat=y+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Saturn']['Period'])*r_Saturn print("fillcircle",r_Xsat,r_Ysat,3) print("text ", "\"Saturn\"",r_Xsat+planets['Saturn']['Radius']*scale,r_Ysat) if "Mimas" in planets: r_Mimas=planets['Mimas']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",r_Xsat,r_Ysat,r_Mimas) r_Xmim=r_Xsat+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Mimas']['Period'])*r_Mimas r_Ymim=r_Ysat+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Mimas']['Period'])*r_Mimas print("fillcircle",r_Xmim,r_Ymim,3) print("text ", "\"Mimas\"",r_Xmim+planets['Mimas']['Radius']*scale,r_Ymim) if "Enceladus" in planets: r_Enceladus=planets['Enceladus']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",r_Xsat,r_Ysat,r_Enceladus) r_Xenc=r_Xsat+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Enceladus']['Period'])*r_Enceladus r_Yenc=r_Ysat+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Enceladus']['Period'])*r_Enceladus print("fillcircle",r_Xenc,r_Yenc,3) print("text ", "\"Enceladus\"",r_Xenc+planets['Enceladus']['Radius']*scale,r_Yenc) if "Tethys" in planets: r_Tethys=planets['Tethys']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",r_Xsat,r_Ysat,r_Tethys) r_Xtet=r_Xsat+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Tethys']['Period'])*r_Tethys r_Ytet=r_Ysat+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Tethys']['Period'])*r_Tethys print("fillcircle",r_Xtet,r_Ytet,3) print("text ", "\"Tethys\"",r_Xtet+planets['Tethys']['Radius']*scale,r_Ytet) if "Dione" in planets: r_Dione=planets['Dione']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",r_Xsat,r_Ysat,r_Dione) r_Xdio=r_Xsat+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Dione']['Period'])*r_Dione r_Ydio=r_Ysat+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Dione']['Period'])*r_Dione print("fillcircle",r_Xdio,r_Ydio,3) print("text ", "\"Dione\"",r_Xdio+planets['Dione']['Radius']*scale,r_Ydio) if "Rhea" in planets: r_Rhea=planets['Rhea']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",r_Xsat,r_Ysat,r_Rhea) r_Xrhe=r_Xsat+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Rhea']['Period'])*r_Rhea r_Yrhe=r_Ysat+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Rhea']['Period'])*r_Rhea print("fillcircle",r_Xrhe,r_Yrhe,3) print("text ", "\"Rhea\"",r_Xrhe+planets['Rhea']['Radius']*scale,r_Yrhe) if "Titan" in planets: r_Titan=planets['Titan']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",r_Xsat,r_Ysat,r_Titan) r_Xtit=r_Xsat+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Titan']['Period'])*r_Titan r_Ytit=r_Ysat+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Titan']['Period'])*r_Titan print("fillcircle",r_Xtit,r_Ytit,3) print("text ", "\"Titan\"",r_Xtit+planets['Titan']['Radius']*scale,r_Ytit) if "Iapetus" in planets: r_Iapetus=planets['Iapetus']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",r_Xsat,r_Ysat,r_Iapetus) r_Xiap=r_Xsat+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Iapetus']['Period'])*r_Iapetus r_Yiap=r_Ysat+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Iapetus']['Period'])*r_Iapetus print("fillcircle",r_Xiap,r_Yiap,3) print("text ", "\"Iapetus\"",r_Xiap+planets['Iapetus']['Radius']*scale,r_Yiap) if "Uranus" in planets: r_Uranus=planets['Uranus']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",x,y,r_Uranus) r_Xura=x+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Uranus']['Period'])*r_Uranus r_Yura=y+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Uranus']['Period'])*r_Uranus print("fillcircle",r_Xura,r_Yura,3) print("text ", "\"Uranus\"",r_Xura+planets['Uranus']['Radius']*scale,r_Yura) if "Puck" in planets: r_Puck=planets['Puck']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",r_Xura,r_Yura,r_Puck) r_Xpuc=r_Xura+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Puck']['Period'])*r_Puck r_Ypuc=r_Yura+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Puck']['Period'])*r_Puck print("fillcircle",r_Xpuc,r_Ypuc,3) print("text ", "\"Puck\"",r_Xpuc+planets['Puck']['Radius']*scale,r_Ypuc) if "Miranda" in planets: r_Miranda=planets['Miranda']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",r_Xura,r_Yura,r_Miranda) r_Xmira=r_Xura+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Miranda']['Period'])*r_Miranda r_Ymira=r_Yura+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Miranda']['Period'])*r_Miranda print("fillcircle",r_Xmira,r_Ymira,3) print("text ", "\"Miranda\"",r_Xmira+planets['Miranda']['Radius']*scale,r_Ymira) if "Ariel" in planets: r_Ariel=planets['Ariel']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",r_Xura,r_Yura,r_Ariel) r_Xari=r_Xura+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Ariel']['Period'])*r_Ariel r_Yari=r_Yura+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Ariel']['Period'])*r_Ariel print("fillcircle",r_Xari,r_Yari,3) print("text ", "\"Ariel\"",r_Xari+planets['Ariel']['Radius']*scale,r_Yari) if "Umbriel" in planets: r_Umbriel=planets['Umbriel']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",r_Xura,r_Yura,r_Umbriel) r_Xumb=r_Xura+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Umbriel']['Period'])*r_Umbriel r_Yumb=r_Yura+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Umbriel']['Period'])*r_Umbriel print("fillcircle",r_Xumb,r_Yumb,3) print("text ", "\"Umbriel\"",r_Xumb+planets['Umbriel']['Radius']*scale,r_Yumb) if "Titania" in planets: r_Titania=planets['Titania']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",r_Xura,r_Yura,r_Titania) r_Xtita=r_Xura+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Titania']['Period'])*r_Titania r_Ytita=r_Yura+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Titania']['Period'])*r_Titania print("fillcircle",r_Xtita,r_Ytita,3) print("text ", "\"Titania\"",r_Xtita+planets['Titania']['Radius']*scale,r_Ytita) if "Oberon" in planets: r_Oberon=planets['Oberon']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",r_Xura,r_Yura,r_Oberon) r_Xober=r_Xura+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Oberon']['Period'])*r_Oberon r_Yober=r_Yura+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Oberon']['Period'])*r_Oberon print("fillcircle",r_Xober,r_Yober,3) print("text ", "\"Oberon\"",r_Xober+planets['Oberon']['Radius']*scale,r_Yober) if "Neptune" in planets: r_Neptune=planets['Neptune']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",x,y,r_Neptune) r_Xnep=x+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Neptune']['Period'])*r_Neptune r_Ynep=y+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Neptune']['Period'])*r_Neptune print("fillcircle",r_Xnep,r_Ynep,3) print("text ", "\"Neptune\"",r_Xnep+planets['Neptune']['Radius']*scale,r_Ynep) if "Titan" in planets: r_Titan=planets['Titan']['Orbital Radius']*scale; print("circle",r_Xnep,r_Ynep,r_Titan) r_Xtita=r_Xnep+math.sin(t*2*math.pi/planets['Titan']['Period'])*r_Titan r_Ytita=r_Ynep+math.cos(t*2*math.pi/planets['Titan']['Period'])*r_Titan print("fillcircle",r_Xtita,r_Ytita,3) print("text ", "\"Titan\"",r_Xtita+planets['Titan']['Radius']*scale,r_Ytita) t += 0.003 print(draw(x, y, t, planets))

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  • SQL SERVER – Introduction to PERCENT_RANK() – Analytic Functions Introduced in SQL Server 2012

    - by pinaldave
    SQL Server 2012 introduces new analytical functions PERCENT_RANK(). This function returns relative standing of a value within a query result set or partition. It will be very difficult to explain this in words so I’d like to attempt to explain its function through a brief example. Instead of creating a new table, I will be using the AdventureWorks sample database as most developers use that for experiment purposes. Now let’s have fun following query: USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT SalesOrderID, OrderQty, RANK() OVER(ORDER BY SalesOrderID) Rnk, PERCENT_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY SalesOrderID) AS PctDist FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43670, 43669, 43667, 43663) ORDER BY PctDist DESC GO The above query will give us the following result: Now let us understand the resultset. You will notice that I have also included the RANK() function along with this query. The reason to include RANK() function was as this query is infect uses RANK function and find the relative standing of the query. The formula to find PERCENT_RANK() is as following: PERCENT_RANK() = (RANK() – 1) / (Total Rows – 1) If you want to read more about this function read here. Now let us attempt the same example with PARTITION BY clause USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT SalesOrderID, OrderQty, ProductID, RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY SalesOrderID ORDER BY ProductID ) Rnk, PERCENT_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY SalesOrderID ORDER BY ProductID ) AS PctDist FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail s WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43670, 43669, 43667, 43663) ORDER BY PctDist DESC GO Now you will notice that the same logic is followed in follow result set. I have now quick question to you – how many of you know the logic/formula of PERCENT_RANK() before this blog post? Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Function, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • Activation Function, Initializer function, etc, effects on neural networks for face detection

    - by harry
    There's various activation functions: sigmoid, tanh, etc. And there's also a few initializer functions: Nguyen and Widrow, random, normalized, constant, zero, etc. So do these have much effect on the outcome of a neural network specialising in face detection? Right now I'm using the Tanh activation function and just randomising all the weights from -0.5 to 0.5. I have no idea if this is the best approach though, and with 4 hours to train the network each time, I'd rather ask on here than experiment!

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  • No warning from gcc when function definition in linked source different from function prototype in h

    - by c_c
    Hi, I had a problem with a part of my code, which after some iterations seemed to read NaN as value of a int of a struct. I think I found the error, but am still wondering why gcc (version 3.2.3 on a embedded Linux with busybox) did not warn me. Here are the important parts of the code: A c file and its header for functions to acquire data over USB: // usb_control.h typedef struct{ double mean; short *values; } DATA_POINTS; typedef struct{ int size; DATA_POINTS *channel1; //....7 more channels } DATA_STRUCT; DATA_STRUCT *create_data_struct(int N); // N values per channel int free_data_struct(DATA_STRUCT *data); int aqcu_data(DATA_STRUCT *data, int N); A c and header file with helper function (math, bitshift,etc...): // helper.h int mean(DATA_STRUCT *data); // helper.c (this is where the error is obviously) double mean(DATA_STRUCT *data) { // sum in for loop data->channel1->mean = sum/data->N; // ...7 more channels // a printf here displayed the mean values corretly } The main file // main.c #include "helper.h" #include "usb_control.h" // Allocate space for data struct DATA_STRUCT *data = create_data_struct(N); // get data for different delays for (delay = 0; delay < 500; delay += pw){ acqu_data(data, N); mean(data); // printf of the mean values first is correct. Than after 5 iterations // it is always NaN for channel1. The other channels are displayed correctly; } There were no segfaults nor any other missbehavior, just the NaN for channel1 in the main file. After finding the error, which was not easy, it was of course east to fix. The return type of mean(){} was wrong in the definition. Instead of double mean() it has to be int mean() as the prototype defines. When all the functions are put into one file, gcc warns me that there is a redefinition of the function mean(). But as I compile each c file seperately and link them afterwards gcc seems to miss that. So my questions would be. Why didn't I get any warnings, even non with gcc -Wall? Or is there still another error hidden which is just not causing problems now? Regards, christian

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  • How to use R's ellipsis feature when writing your own function?

    - by Ryan Thompson
    The R language has a nifty feature for defining functions that can take a variable number of arguments. For example, the function data.frame takes any number of arguments, and each argument becomes the data for a column in the resulting data table. Example usage: > data.frame(letters=c("a", "b", "c"), numbers=c(1,2,3), notes=c("do", "re", "mi")) letters numbers notes 1 a 1 do 2 b 2 re 3 c 3 mi The function's signature includes an ellipsis, like this: function (..., row.names = NULL, check.rows = FALSE, check.names = TRUE, stringsAsFactors = default.stringsAsFactors()) { [FUNCTION DEFINITION HERE] } I would like to write a function that does something similar, taking multiple values and consolidating them into a single return value (as well as doing some other processing). In order to do this, I need to figure out how to "unpack" the ... from the function's arguments within the function. I don't know how to do this. The relevant line in the function definition of data.frame is object <- as.list(substitute(list(...)))[-1L], which I can't make any sense of. So how can I convert the ellipsis from the function's signature into, for example, a list? To be more specific, how can I write get_list_from_ellipsis in the code below? my_ellipsis_function(...) { input_list <- get.list.from.ellipsis(...) output_list <- lapply(X=input_list, FUN=do_something_interesting) return(output_list) } my_ellipsis_function(a=1:10,b=11:20,c=21:30)

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  • How would you refactor nested IF Statements?

    - by saunderl
    I was cruising around the programming blogosphere when I happened upon this post about GOTO's: http://giuliozambon.blogspot.com/2010/12/programmers-tabu.html Here the writer talks about how "one must come to the conclusion that there are situations where GOTOs make for more readable and more maintainable code" and then goes on to show an example similar to this: if (Check#1) { CodeBlock#1 if (Check#2) { CodeBlock#2 if (Check#3) { CodeBlock#3 if (Check#4) { CodeBlock#4 if (Check#5) { CodeBlock#5 if (Check#6) { CodeBlock#6 if (Check#7) { CodeBlock#7 } else { rest - of - the - program } } } } } } } The writer then proposes that using GOTO's would make this code much easier to read and maintain. I personally can think of at least 3 different ways to flatten it out and make this code more readable without resorting to flow-breaking GOTO's. Here are my two favorites. 1 - Nested Small Functions. Take each if and its code block and turn it into a function. If the boolean check fails, just return. If it passes, then call the next function in the chain. (Boy, that sounds a lot like recursion, could you do it in a single loop with function pointers?) 2 - Sentinal Variable. To me this is the easyest. Just use a blnContinueProcessing variable and check to see if it is still true in your if check. Then if the check fails, set the variable to false. How many different ways can this type of coding problem be refactored to reduce nesting and increase maintainability?

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  • How to write PowerShell code part 2 (Using function)

    - by ybbest
    In the last post, I have showed you how to use external configuration file in your PowerShell script. In this post, I will show you how to create PowerShell function and call external PowerShell script.You can download the script here. 1. In the original script, I create the site directly using New-SPSite command. I will refactor it so that I will create a new function to create the site using New-SPSite. The PowerShell function is quite similar to a C# method. You put your function parameters in () and separate each parameter by a comma (,). Then you put your method body in {}. function add ([int] $num1 , [int] $num2){ $total=$num1+$num2 #Return $total $total } 2. The difference is you do not need semi-colon (;) at the end of each statement and when calling the method you do not need comma (,) to separate each parameter. function add ([int] $num1 , [int] $num2){ $total=$num1+$num2 #Return $total $total } #Calling the function [int] $num1=3 [int] $num2=4 $d= add $num1 $num2 Write-Host $d 3. If you like to return anything from the function, you just need to type in the object you like to return, not need to type return .e.g. $ObjectToReturn not return $ObjectToReturn

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  • How to write PowerShell code part 2 (Using function)

    - by ybbest
    In the last post, I have showed you how to use external configuration file in your PowerShell script. In this post, I will show you how to create PowerShell function and call external PowerShell script.You can download the script here. 1. In the original script, I create the site directly using New-SPSite command. I will refactor it so that I will create a new function to create the site using New-SPSite. The PowerShell function is quite similar to a C# method. You put your function parameters in () and separate each parameter by a comma (,). Then you put your method body in {}. function add ([int] $num1 , [int] $num2){ $total=$num1+$num2 #Return $total $total } 2. The difference is you do not need semi-colon (;) at the end of each statement and when calling the method you do not need comma (,) to separate each parameter. function add ([int] $num1 , [int] $num2){ $total=$num1+$num2 #Return $total $total } #Calling the function [int] $num1=3 [int] $num2=4 $d= add $num1 $num2 Write-Host $d 3. If you like to return anything from the function, you just need to type in the object you like to return, not need to type return .e.g. $ObjectToReturn not return $ObjectToReturn

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  • Throwing and catching exceptions in the same function/method

    - by usr
    I've written a function that asks a user for input until user enters a positive integer (a natural number). Somebody said I shouldn't throw and catch exceptions in my function and should let the caller of my function handle them. I wonder what other developers think about this. I'm also probably misusing exceptions in the function. Here's the code in Java: private static int sideInput() { int side = 0; String input; Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); do { System.out.print("Side length: "); input = scanner.nextLine(); try { side = Integer.parseInt(input); if (side <= 0) { // probably a misuse of exceptions throw new NumberFormatException(); } } catch (NumberFormatException numFormExc) { System.out.println("Invalid input. Enter a natural number."); } } while (side <= 0); return side; } I'm interested in two things: Should I let the caller worry about exceptions? The point of the function is that it nags the user until the user enters a natural number. Is the point of the function bad? I'm not talking about UI (user not being able to get out of the loop without proper input), but about looped input with exceptions handled. Would you say the throw statement (in this case) is a misuse of exceptions? I could easily create a flag for checking validity of the number and output the warning message based on that flag. But that would add more lines to the code and I think it's perfectly readable as it is. The thing is I often write a separate input function. If user has to input a number multiple times, I create a separate function for input that handles all formatting exceptions and limitations.

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  • vb.net string concatenation string + function output + string = string + function output and no more

    - by Barfieldmv
    The following output produces a string with no closing xml tag. m_rFlight.Layout = m_rFlight.Layout + "<G3Grid:Spots>" + Me.gvwSpots.LayoutToString() + "</G3Grid:Spots>" This following code works correctly m_rFlight.Layout = m_rFlight.Layout + "<G3Grid:Spots>" + Me.gvwSpots.LayoutToString() m_rFlight.Layout = m_rFlight.Layout + "</G3Grid:Spots>" 'add closing tag What's going on here, what's the reason the first example isnt working and the second is? The gvwSpots.LayoutToString() function returns a string.

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  • Problem using void pointer as a function argument

    - by Nazgulled
    Hi, I can't understand this result... The code: void foo(void * key, size_t key_sz) { HashItem *item = malloc(sizeof(HashItem)); printf("[%d]\n", (int)key); ... item->key = malloc(key_sz); memcpy(item->key, key, key_sz); } void bar(int num) { foo(&num, sizeof(int)); } And I do this call: bar(900011009); But the printf() output is: [-1074593956] I really need key to be a void pointer, how can I fix this?

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  • mysql max function usage

    - by Simon
    the table videos has the folowing feels id,average,name how can i write the query, to select the name of video, which have the max average!!! i can do that vith two queries, by selecting the max(avege) from the table, and then find out the name, where ihe average equal to max!!! but i want to do that in one query!!! help me please!!!

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  • Too many argumants for function

    - by Stas Kurilin
    I'm starting learning Lisp with Java background. In SICP's exercise there is many tasks where students should create abstract functions with many parameters, like (define (filtered-accumulate combiner null-value term a next b filter)...) in exercise 3.11. In Java (language with safe, static typing discipline) - method with more than 4 arguments usually smells, but in Lisp/Scheme it doesnt, does it? I'm wandering how many arguments do you use in you functions? If you use it in production, do you make such many layers?

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  • Default type-parametrized function literal class parameter

    - by doom2.wad
    Is this an intended behavior or is it a bug? Consider the following trait (be it a class, doesn't matter): trait P[T] { class Inner(val f: T => Unit = _ => println("nope")) } This is what I would have expected: scala> val p = new P[Int] { | val inner = new Inner | } p: java.lang.Object with P[Int]{def inner: this.Inner} = $anon$1@12192a9 scala> p.inner.f(5) nope But this? scala> val p = new P[Int] { | val inner = new Inner() { | println("some primary constructor code in here") | } | } <console>:6: error: type mismatch; found : (T) => Unit required: (Int) => Unit val inner = new Inner() { ^

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  • tracing a linux kernel, function-by function (biggest only) with us timer

    - by osgx
    Hello I want to know, how does the linux kernel do some stuff (receiving a tcp packet). In what order main tcp functions are called. I want to see both interrupt handler (top half), bottom half and even work done by kernel after user calls "read()". How can I get a function trace from kernel with some linear time scale? I want to get a trace from single packet, not the profile of kernel when receiving 1000th of packets. Kernel is 2.6.18 or 2.6.23 (supported in my debian). I can add some patches to it.

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  • atol(), atof(), atoi() function behaviours, is there a stable way to convert from/to string/integer

    - by Berkay
    In these days i'm playing with the C functions of atol(), atof() and atoi(), from a blog post i find a tutorial and applied: here are my results: void main() char a[10],b[10]; puts("Enter the value of a"); gets(a); puts("Enter the value of b"); gets(b); printf("%s+%s=%ld and %s-%s=%ld",a,b,(atol(a)+atol(b)),a,b,(atol(a)-atol(b))); getch(); } there is atof() which returns the float value of the string and atoi() which returns integer value. now to see the difference between the 3 i checked this code: main() { char a[]={"2545.965"}; printf("atol=%ld\t atof=%f\t atoi=%d\t\n",atol(a),atof(a),atoi(a)); } the output will be atol=2545 atof=2545.965000 atoi=2545 char a[]={“heyyou”}; now when you run the program the following will be the output (why?, is there any solution to convert pure strings to integer?) atol=0 atof=0 atoi=0 the string should contain numeric value now modify this program as char a[]={“007hey”}; the output in this case(tested in Red hat) will be atol=7 atof=7.000000 atoi=7 so the functions has taken 007 only not the remaining part (why?) Now consider this char a[]={“hey007?}; the output of the program will be atol=0 atof=0.000000 atoi=0 So i just want to convert my strings to number and then again to same text, i played with these functions and as you see i'm getting really interesting results? why is that? any other functions to convert from/to string/integer and vice versa?

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  • macro function for printing

    - by seven
    Hi, if for example i have : define PRINT(x) fprintf(stderr, x); and in code i append it : PRINT(("print this")) output is : [print this] if i append it : PRINT(("print %s", "this")) output is : [this] could someone explain me why it receives just the "this" argument and not the whole string ?

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