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  • Why is design by contract considered an alternative to the pseudo programming process?

    - by zoopp
    Right now I'm reading Code Complete by Steve McConnell and in chapter 9 he talks about the Pseudo Programming Process (PPP). From what I've understood, the PPP is a way of programming in which the programmer first writes the pseudo code for the routine he's working on, then refines it up to the point where pretty much each pseudo code line can be implemented in 1-3 lines of code, then writes the code in the designated programming language and finally the pseudo code is saved as comments for the purpose of documenting the routine. In chapter 9.4 the author mentions alternatives to the PPP, one of which is 'design by contract'. In design by contract you basically assert preconditions and postconditions of each routine. Now why would that be considered an alternative? To me it seems obvious that I should use both techniques at the same time and not chose one over the other.

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  • Which design better when use foreign key instead of a string to store a list of id

    - by Kien Thanh
    I'm building online examination system. I have designed to table, Question and GeneralExam. The table GeneralExam contains info about the exam like name, description, duration,... Now I would like to design table GeneralQuestion, it will contain the ids of questions belongs to a general exam. Currently, I have two ideas to design GeneralQuestion table: It will have two columns: general_exam_id, question_id. It will have two columns: general_exam_id, list_question_ids (string/text). I would like to know which designing is better, or pros and cons of each designing. I'm using Postgresql database.

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  • What should be the minimal design/scope documentation before development begins?

    - by Oliver Hyde
    I am a junior developer working on my own in the programming aspect of projects. I am given a png file with 5-6 of the pages designed, most times in specific detail. From this I'm asked to develop the back end system needed to maintain the website, usually a cataloging system with products, tags and categories and match the front end to the design. I find myself in a pickle because when I make decisions based on assumptions about the flow of the website, due to a lack of outlining details, I get corrected and am required to rewrite the code to suit what was actually desired. This process happens multiple times throughout a project, often times on the same detail, until it's finally finished, with broken windows all through it. I understand that projects have scope creep, and can appreciate that I need to plan for this, but I feel that in this situation, I'm not receiving enough outlining details to effectively plan for the project, resulting in broken code and a stressed mind. What should be the minimal design/scope documentation I receive before I begin development?

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  • Oracle Schema Design: Seperate Schema with I/O Overhead?

    - by Guru
    We are designing database schema for a new system based on Oracle 11gR1. We have identified a main schema which would have close to 100 tables, these will be accessed from the front end Java application. We have a requirement to audit the values which got changed in close to 50 tables, this has to be done every row. Which means, it is possible that, for a single row in MYSYS.T1 there might be 50 (or more) rows in MYSYS_AUDIT.T1_AUD table. We might be having old values of every column entry and new values available from T1. DBA gave an observation, advising against this method, because he said, separate schema meant an extra I/O for every operation. Basically AUDIT schema would be used only to do some analyse and enter values (thus SELECT and INSERT). Is it true that, "a separate schema means an extra I/O" ? I could not find justification. It appears logical to me, as the AUDIT data should not be tampered with, so a separate schema. Also, we designed a separate schema for archiving some tables from MYSYS. From MYSYS_ARC the table might be backed up into tapes or deleted after sufficient time. Few stats: Few tables (close to 20, 30) in MYSYS schema could grow to around 50M rows. We have asked for a total disk space of 4 TB. MYSYS_AUDIT schema might be having 10 times that of MYSYS but we wont keep them more than 3 months. Questions Given all these, can you suggest me any improvements? Separate schema affects disc I/O? (one extra I/O for every schema ?) Any general suggestions? Figure: +-------------------+ +-------------------+ | MYSYS | | MYSYS_AUDIT | | | | | | 1. T1 | | 1. T1_AUD | | 2. T2 | | 2. T2_AUD | | 3. T3 |--------->| 3. T3_AUD | | 4. T4 |(SELECT, | 4. T4_AUD | | . | INSERT) | . | | . | | . | | . | | . | | 100. T100 | | 50. T50_AUD | +-------------------+ +-------------------+ | | | | |(INSERT) | | | * +-------------------+ | MYSYS_ARC | | | | 1. T1_ARC | | 2. T2_ARC | | 3. T3_ARC | | 4. T4_ARC | | . | | . | | . | | 100. T100_ARC | +-------------------+ Apart from this, we have two more schemas with only read only rights, but mainly they are for adhoc purpose and we dont mind the performance on them.

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  • What benefits does a game design degree have for a hobby game programmer?

    - by sm4
    I am interested in studying game design, not because I want a job in the games industry, but because I am interested in the subject itself. I read the following questions, but they mostly deal with the effects on your career in game industry. Should I consider a graduate degree in game development? Game Development Degree vs Computer Science Degree First I thought a game development degree could be beneficial. But from the websites of colleges that offer such degrees, I feel like its more about basic programming with examples from games. This college offers game design degrees, for example. My question is, can I benefit from such a degree when I already have a degree in Computer Science, I already know programming, I'm already developing a game and finally, I have this site to help me when I get stuck?

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  • Is this a well known design pattern? what is it's name

    - by GenEric35
    Hi I have seen this often in code, but when I speak of it i don't know the name of such 'pattern' I have a method with 2 arguments that calls an overloaded method that has 3 arguments and intentionality sets the 3rd one to empty string. public DoWork(string name, string phoneNumber) { CreateContact(name, phoneNumber, string.Empty) } public DoWork(string name, string phoneNumber, string emailAddress) { //do the work } The reason I'm doing this is I to not duplicate code, and allow the existing callers to still call the method that has only 2 parameters. I have associate a few tags to this question, but it probably fit in more categories of questions. Is this a pattern, and does it have a name?

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  • How do I improve this design for dealing with intersecting date ranges and resolving date range conf

    - by derdo
    I am working on some code that deals with date ranges. I have pricing activities that have a starting-date and an end-date to set a certain price for that range. There are multiple pricing activities with intersecting date ranges. What I ultimately need is the ability to query valid prices for a date range. I pass in (jan1,jan31) and I get back a list that says jan1--jan10 $4 , jan11--jan19 $3 jan20--jan31 $4. There are priorities between pricing activities. Some type of pricing activities have high priority, so they override other pricing activities and for certain type of pricing activities lowest price wins etc. I currently have a class that holds these pricing activities and keeps a resolved pricing calendar. As I add new pricing activities I update the resolved calendar. As I write more tests/code, it started to get very complicated with all the different cases (pricing activities intersecting in different ways). I am ending up with very complicated code where I am resolving a newly added pricing activity. See AddPricingActivity() method below. Can anybody think of a simpler way to deal with this? Could there be similar code somewhere out there? Public class PricingActivity() { DateTime startDate; DateTime endDate; Double price; Public bool StartsBeforeEndsAfter (PricingActivity pAct) { // pAct covers this pricing activity } Public bool StartsMiddleEndsAfter (PricingActivity pAct){ // early part of pAct Itersects with later part of this pricing activity } //more similar methods to cover all the combinations of intersecting } Public Class PricingActivityList() { List<PricingActivity> activities; SortedDictionary<Date, PricingActivity> resolvedPricingCalendar; Public void AddPricingActivity(PricingActivity pAct) { //update the resolvedCalendar //go over each activity and find intersecting ones //update the resolved calendar correctly //depending on the type of the intersection //this part is getting out of hand….. } }

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  • Level design - Are games development degrees worth it? [on hold]

    - by Tristan
    I want to go into Level design or Environment design and wondering if degrees are at all worth it for this area, as long as you have a good portfolio. I'm currently on a "Computing and Games Development" course and I feel like dropping out because I am not enjoying it. It's mostly computer based, which I'm not doing that great at, and little games Dev. But I don't know what do to... I do already have some high level education with a "Level 3 extended diploma". Thanks.

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  • [Design Question] When to open a link on a new window?

    - by Ian
    Hi All, When designing a web application/web site, is there an accepted practice on when to open a link on a new window? Currently, if the site being linked to is outside the domain (say Google.com), I am always launching it on a new window. If the page being linked is within the same domain, I open it on the current active window. I've read somewhere the opening links on a new window explicitly is being frowned upon. Thanks!

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  • How many tiers should my models have in a DB driven web app?

    - by Hanno Fietz
    In my experience, the "Model" in MVC is often not really a single layer. I would regularly have "backend" models and "frontend" models, where the backend ones would have properties that I want to hide from the UI code, and the frontend ones have derived or composite properties which are more meaningful in the context of the UI. Recently, I have started to introduce a third layer in between when database normalization created tables that did not really match the conceptual domain objects anymore. In those projects I have model classes that are equivalent with the DB structure, these become components of objects that represent the domain model, and finally these are filtered and amended for displaying information to the user. Are there patterns or guidelines for how, when and why to organize the data model across application layers?

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  • Is there a good book or articles to learn about 2D Game Design and Effects?

    - by user28015
    I am not looking for a read how to develop games and how to implement one. I am looking for a general about possible effects in 2D Games and about general design of modern 2D gaming. I have programmed several smaller games over the years and also read books like "Golden Rules of Game Programming" by Martin Bronwlo. So I know how to implement games. What I am looking for are 2 things: Finishing touches such as effects like explosions, particles etc. Not how to make them, but how to design them so it looks right and cool. How to make a 2D game feel "more right" so that users get a satisfying gaming experience. I played a lot of 2D games but I could use some more advice.

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  • How to determine the right amount of up front design?

    - by Gian
    Software developers occasionally are called upon to write fairly complex bits of software under tight deadlines. Often, it seems like the quickest thing to do is to simply start coding, and solve the problems as they arise. However, this approach can come back to bite you—often costing time or money in the long run! How do we determine the right amount of up front design work? If your work environment actively discourages you from thinking about things up front, how do you handle that? How can we manage risk if we eschew up-front thinking (by choice or under duress) and figure out the problems as they arise? Does the amount of up front design depend entirely on the size or complexity of the task, or is it based on something else?

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  • What is the best database design for managing historical information? [closed]

    - by Emmad Kareem
    Say you have a Person table with columns such as: ID, FirstName, LastName, BirthCountry, ...etc. And you want to keep track of changes on such a table. For example, the user may want to see previous names of a person or previous addresses, etc. The normalized way is to keep names in separate table, addresses in a separate table,...etc. and the main person table will contain only the information that you are not interested in monitoring changes for (such information will be updated in place). The problem I see here, aside form the coding hassle due to the extensive number of joins required in a real-life situation, is that I have never seen this type of design in any real application (maybe because most did not provide this feature!). So, is there a better way to design this? Thanks.

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  • Zend Framework/PHPUnit: How to Stub/Mock an object method that connects to a database?

    - by Andrew
    In my Zend Framework project, I have a form that I am testing. In my form, a multi-select element gets its options from a model, which gets the data from the database. public function init() { $this->addElement('select', 'Region_ID', array('multiOptions' => $this->getRegions())); } protected function getRegions() { $mapper = new Model_RegionMapper(); return $mapper->getFormSelectData(); //this method will try to connect to a database (or get another object that will connect to the database) } I tried copying the example in the PHPUnit documentation, but it doesn't seem to be working. public function setUp() { $stub = $this->getMock('Model_RegionMapper'); $stub->expects($this->any()) ->method('getFormSelectData') ->will($this->returnValue(array('testdata'))); } public function testFoo() { //this will fail $form = new My_Form(); } The test fails because it is trying to find a table in the database that doesn't exist. But I don't want it to connect to the database at all. How do I correctly stub/mock this method so that it doesn't call the database?

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  • Design pattern: static function call with input/output containers?

    - by Pavlo Dyban
    I work for a company in software research department. We use algorithms from our real software and wrap them so that we can use them for prototyping. Every time an algorithm interface changes, we need to adapt our wrappers respectively. Recently all algorithms have been refactored in such a manner that instead of accepting many different inputs and returning outputs via referenced parameters, they now accept one input data container and one output data container (the latter is passed by reference). Algorithm interface is limited to a static function call like that: class MyAlgorithm{ static bool calculate(MyAlgorithmInput input, MyAlgorithmOutput &output); } This is actually a very powerful design, though I have never seen it in a C++ programming environment before. Changes in the number of parameters and their data types are now encapsulated and they don't change the algorithm callback. In the latest algorithm which I have developed I used the same scheme. Now I want to know if this is a popular design pattern and what it is called.

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  • How to deal with OOP design problems in interviews?

    - by haps10
    This is a question where I seek guidance from fellow/senior developers to get into my dream company - it's a pioneer in OOP and Agile. I've already failed once to clear an interview. One part I feel most challenging is to come up with a proper Object Oriented design(classes, interfaces, methods, interactions etc.) in a very short time for certain situations like Pacman, Game Of Life and so on. As the problems are unprecedented ones - my approach is mostly to try different things and then make decisions - which they feel is not clear and not what they expect from a developer with 5+ years of experience. I've already studied a few books on patterns, OOP - it didn't help me much and I think it'll take a bit more than that. Could some one please guide on what specifically shall I practice so that I can do better at design problems as above. I want to refine my approach and have a better thought process.

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  • Moq basic questions

    - by devoured elysium
    I made the following test for my class: var mock = new Mock<IRandomNumberGenerator>(); mock.Setup(framework => framework.Generate(0, 50)) .Returns(7.0); var rnac = new RandomNumberAverageCounter(mock.Object, 1, 100); rnac.Run(); double result = rnac.GetAverage(); Assert.AreEqual(result, 7.0, 0.1); The problem here was that I changed my mind about what range of values Generate(int min, int max) would use. So in Mock.Setup() I defined the range as from 0 to 50 while later I actually called the Generate() method with a range from 1 to 100. I ran the test and it failed. I know that that is what it's supposed to happen but I was left wondering if isn't there a way to launch an exception or throw in a message when trying to run the method with wrong params. Also, if I want to run this Generate() method 10 times with different values (let's say, from 1 to 10), will I have to make 10 mock setups or something, or is there a special method for it? The best I could think of is this (which isn't bad, I'm just asking if there is other better way): for (int i = 1; i < 10; ++i) { mock.Setup(framework => framework.Generate(1, 100)) .Returns((double)i); }

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  • UX Design Principles Pluralsight course review

    - by pluginbaby
    I've just finished the "Creating User Experiences: Fundamental Design Principles" course on Pluralsight, I am glad I took it, and here is why you should. The course is held by Billy Hollis, an internationally known author and speaker focused on user experience design. It was published in May 2012, so it is quite fresh (You’ll hear some reference to XAML, even if the content is not focused on any particular technology). I think what I liked the most about this course is the fact that Billy is not just imposing design ideas and pushing them in your throat (which would be too confronting for us developers, even if he was right), he spends a fair share amount of time explaining each topics, and illustrate them with great metaphors. If you are a minimum open minded you should get great value out of this course. Billy makes you think outside the box, he encourages you to use your right side brain, and understand design principles by simply looking at what’s around us (physical objects, nature, …). During the course he refers several time to "don't make me think" a book on UX design, which is about giving confidence to users, by making it easier for them to achieve their goals when using your app. Billy thinks that every developer can participate in elaborating good design when building software, not only designers should be involved. Get away of the easy path "let's build functional stuff for now and we will hire a designer later if we have time and budget". The course is also live and interactive as the author suggests that you do some live exercises during each module. He actually makes you realize and understand by yourself the need for change. We’re in a new era of software and devices, where grids and menus aren't enough. You can’t remain satisfied by just making things possible, you need to make them easier for your users. Understanding some fundamental design principles will help. This course can definitely be followed by any developers who wants to improve user experience of software they are working on, and I definitely recommend it.

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  • Oracle OpenWorld Session: “Business Driven Development with BPM: Lessons from the Real World”

    - by Ajay Khanna
    One of key values that BPM promises is “Business Empowerment”. People closest to the processes, who participate in the process every day, are the ones who know most about the process. These are the people who run day-to-day operations, people who triage customer issues, people who envision improvements and innovations. It is, therefore, imperative that when a company decides to use BPM technology to automate their business processes, business people take the driver’s seat. BPM is not an IT only project. Oracle BPM suite has been designed keeping this core tenet of BPM, Business Empowerment, in mind. The result is business user centered design of Process Composer. Process Composer is designed to let business users document their processes, analyze them using simulation, create web forms, specify business rules and even run them in testing mode using process player, to see if the designed process meets their needs. This does not mean that IT has no role in this process. In fact, Oracle BPM Suite has made it very easy for Business and IT to collaborate. The same process can be shared among business, and IT stakeholders and each can collaborate to create model-driven, process based executable applications. A process may need to integrate with multiple systems via various mechanisms, and IT leads system and data integration effort. IT helps fine tune the performance of process applications and ensures that the deployment of process application meets scalability and failover standards. In this session, we saw Harish Gaur and Satya Narayanan from Oracle demonstrate roles Business and IT play in BPM projects and how Oracle BPM Suite enables business and IT collaboration to design and automate process based applications. They also discussed real life customer stories. Some key takeaways from this session: There are no IT projects, only business initiatives, requiring IT support Identify high impact processes – critical, better BPM ROI Identify key metrics to measure process performance Align business with IT layer

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  • Do your own design jobs and make it look professional

    - by Webgui
    Looks and design is becoming more and more important for customers and organizations event when we deal with internal enterprise applications. However,  many web developers who work on business apps end up not investing resources on the design. The reason may be that they ran out of time so with their client's pressure there was no choice but to skip past the design process. In some cases, especially in sall software houses, there are no trained professional designers and the developers have to do both jobs. Since designing web applications can be very complex and requires mastering several languages and concepts, unless a big budget was allocated to the project it is very hard to produce a professional custom design. For that exact reasons, Visual WebGui integrated Point & Click Design Tools within its Web/Cloud Development Platform. Those tools allow developers to customize the UI look of the applications they build in a visual way that is fairly simple and doesn't require coding or mastering HTML, CSS and JavaScript in order to design. The development tools also allow professional designers easier work interface with the developers and quicly create new skins. So if you are interested in getting your design job done much easier, you should probably tune in for about an hour and find out how. Click here to register: https://www1.gotomeeting.com/register/740450625

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  • Design - Where should objects be registered when using Windsor

    - by Fredrik Jansson
    I will have the following components in my application DataAccess DataAccess.Test Business Business.Test Application I was hoping to use Castle Windsor as IoC to glue the layers together but I am bit uncertain about the design of the gluing. My question is who should be responsible for registering the objects into Windsor? I have a couple of ideas; Each layer can register its own objects. To test the BL, the test bench could register mock classes for the DAL. Each layer can register the object of its dependencies, e.g. the business layer registers the components of the data access layer. To test the BL, the test bench would have to unload the "real" DAL object and register the mock objects. The application (or test app) registers all objects of the dependencies. Can someone help me with some ideas and pros/cons with the different paths? Links to example projects utilizing Castle Windsor in this way would be very helpful.

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  • Are UML class diagrams adequated to design javascript systems?

    - by Vandell
    Given that UML is oriented towards a more classic approach to object orientation, is it still usable in a reliable way to design javascript systems? One specific problem that I can see is that class diagrams are, in fact, a structural view of the system, and javascript is more behaviour driven, how can you deal with it? Please, keep in mind that I'm not talking abot the real world domain here, It's a model for the solution that I'm trying to achieve.

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  • Are UML class diagrams adequate to design javascript systems?

    - by Vandell
    Given that UML is oriented towards a more classic approach to object orientation, is it still usable in a reliable way to design javascript systems? One specific problem that I can see is that class diagrams are, in fact, a structural view of the system, and javascript is more behaviour driven, how can you deal with it? Please, keep in mind that I'm not talking abot the real world domain here, It's a model for the solution that I'm trying to achieve.

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