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• How to properly shutdown a Linux VMware Server Host

  - by Mikee

  Hi Everybody: In our lab, we have a server running Ubuntu Linux 8.04.4 x64, with VMware Server 2.1 hosting 4 VM's. I have a major concern with regards to shutting down the host server. Mostly, how do I ensure that the guest VM's are being shut down safely? In the VMware web interface console, I have enabled: "Allow virtual machines to start and stop automatically with the system" I enabled the Default Startup Delay for 15 seconds along with the "Start next VM immediately if the VMware Tools start" option checked I enabled the Default Shutdown Delay with a 60 second shutdown delay and a Shutdown Action of "Shut Down Guest" All VM's have the VMware Tools installed and properly working. All VM's are moved up into the "Specified Order" section of "Startup Order", thus when powering the server back on, all those VM's should start up again in that specified order. When I went to shut down the server, I used the shutdown -h now command. Based on the settings I entered above, I was expecting a 4 minute shutdown, as there is an option to delay the shutdown of each VM by 60 seconds. However, that is not what happened. Instead, the server shutdown in under a minute. When I powered the server back on, only 2 VM's properly loaded. The other 2 showed the following error: "Power on Virtual Machine" failed to complete If these problems problems persist, please contact your system administrator. Details: Cannot open the disk '[location to .vmdk]' or one of the snapshot disks it depends on. Reason: Failed to lock the file. Obviously, if this error occured, then it is clear to me that the VM's were not properly shutdown, or the server powered off before the VM's were completely shutdown. I have fixed the above error by deleting the .lck files in the respective VM directories. How would I know if the VM's were properly shut down? I checked the VMware-server logs, but they only seem to display the logs of when the vmware-mgmt service is running in the current session. I'm mostly running Linux VM's, so is there an easy way to know whether or not a server was properly shut down in Linux? Thank you all for the help!

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• How to disable passive mode in linux ftp command

  - by nute

  I am using the "ftp" command of linux to send data to a 3rd party provider. This company states that we need to "Disable passive mode in your FTP client", and I confirm it doesn't work in passive mode. However, when I googled the linux command, I see that the "-p" flag is "the default now for all clients (ftp and pftp) due to security concerns using the PORT transfer mode. The flag is kept for compatibility only and has no effect anymore." How do I disable passive mode then? And, is it that bad?

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• Two network interfaces and two IP addresses on the same subnet in Linux

  - by Scott Duckworth

  I recently ran into a situation where I needed two IP addresses on the same subnet assigned to one Linux host so that we could run two SSL/TLS sites. My first approach was to use IP aliasing, e.g. using eth0:0, eth0:1, etc, but our network admins have some fairly strict settings in place for security that squashed this idea: They use DHCP snooping and normally don't allow static IP addresses. Static addressing is accomplished by using static DHCP entries, so the same MAC address always gets the same IP assignment. This feature can be disabled per switchport if you ask and you have a reason for it (thankfully I have a good relationship with the network guys and this isn't hard to do). With the DHCP snooping disabled on the switchport, they had to put in a rule on the switch that said MAC address X is allowed to have IP address Y. Unfortunately this had the side effect of also saying that MAC address X is ONLY allowed to have IP address Y. IP aliasing required that MAC address X was assigned two IP addresses, so this didn't work. There may have been a way around these issues on the switch configuration, but in an attempt to preserve good relations with the network admins I tried to find another way. Having two network interfaces seemed like the next logical step. Thankfully this Linux system is a virtual machine, so I was able to easily add a second network interface (without rebooting, I might add - pretty cool). A few keystrokes later I had two network interfaces up and running and both pulled IP addresses from DHCP. But then the problem came in: the network admins could see (on the switch) the ARP entry for both interfaces, but only the first network interface that I brought up would respond to pings or any sort of TCP or UDP traffic. After lots of digging and poking, here's what I came up with. It seems to work, but it also seems to be a lot of work for something that seems like it should be simple. Any alternate ideas out there? Step 1: Enable ARP filtering on all interfaces: # sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter=1 # echo "net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf From the file networking/ip-sysctl.txt in the Linux kernel docs: arp_filter - BOOLEAN 1 - Allows you to have multiple network interfaces on the same subnet, and have the ARPs for each interface be answered based on whether or not the kernel would route a packet from the ARP'd IP out that interface (therefore you must use source based routing for this to work). In other words it allows control of which cards (usually 1) will respond to an arp request. 0 - (default) The kernel can respond to arp requests with addresses from other interfaces. This may seem wrong but it usually makes sense, because it increases the chance of successful communication. IP addresses are owned by the complete host on Linux, not by particular interfaces. Only for more complex setups like load- balancing, does this behaviour cause problems. arp_filter for the interface will be enabled if at least one of conf/{all,interface}/arp_filter is set to TRUE, it will be disabled otherwise Step 2: Implement source-based routing I basically just followed directions from http://lartc.org/howto/lartc.rpdb.multiple-links.html, although that page was written with a different goal in mind (dealing with two ISPs). Assume that the subnet is 10.0.0.0/24, the gateway is 10.0.0.1, the IP address for eth0 is 10.0.0.100, and the IP address for eth1 is 10.0.0.101. Define two new routing tables named eth0 and eth1 in /etc/iproute2/rt_tables: ... top of file omitted ... 1 eth0 2 eth1 Define the routes for these two tables: # ip route add default via 10.0.0.1 table eth0 # ip route add default via 10.0.0.1 table eth1 # ip route add 10.0.0.0/24 dev eth0 src 10.0.0.100 table eth0 # ip route add 10.0.0.0/24 dev eth1 src 10.0.0.101 table eth1 Define the rules for when to use the new routing tables: # ip rule add from 10.0.0.100 table eth0 # ip rule add from 10.0.0.101 table eth1 The main routing table was already taken care of by DHCP (and it's not even clear that its strictly necessary in this case), but it basically equates to this: # ip route add default via 10.0.0.1 dev eth0 # ip route add 130.127.48.0/23 dev eth0 src 10.0.0.100 # ip route add 130.127.48.0/23 dev eth1 src 10.0.0.101 And voila! Everything seems to work just fine. Sending pings to both IP addresses works fine. Sending pings from this system to other systems and forcing the ping to use a specific interface works fine (ping -I eth0 10.0.0.1, ping -I eth1 10.0.0.1). And most importantly, all TCP and UDP traffic to/from either IP address works as expected. So again, my question is: is there a better way to do this? This seems like a lot of work for a seemingly simple problem.

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• Git Daemon on linux?

  - by bwawok

  Trying to set up a simple git-daemon on a linux server, and talk to it from a windows box. On linux server: Make a folder /home/foo/bar CD to /home/foo/bar do a git --bare init here Do a touch git-daemon-export-ok CD to /home/foo Run the command git-daemon --verbose --reuseaddr --base-path=/home/foo --enable=receive-pack On Windows Client w tortoise Git Do git.exe clone --progress -v "git://servername/bar" "C:\source\myFolderName" (works) Create file a.txt, add it to git, and commit (works) Do a git.exe pull "origin" master and then get fatal: Couldn't find remote ref master (makes sense, master isn't there yet) Do a git.exe push "origin" master:master and tortoise hangs forever without do anything I realize why I can't pull from master yet on the remote branch.. but why can't I push my first commit into the remote repo? #4 really should work. Tried it both with tortoise and the mysysgit command line, both cases I hang forever. What am I missing? Server has no useful log

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• Git Daemon on linux?

  - by bwawok

  Trying to set up a simple git-daemon on a linux server, and talk to it from a windows box. On linux server: Make a folder /home/foo/bar CD to /home/foo/bar do a git --bare init here Do a touch git-daemon-export-ok CD to /home/foo Run the command git-daemon --verbose --reuseaddr --base-path=/home/foo --enable=receive-pack On Windows Client w tortoise Git Do git.exe clone --progress -v "git://servername/bar" "C:\source\myFolderName" (works) Create file a.txt, add it to git, and commit (works) Do a git.exe pull "origin" master and then get fatal: Couldn't find remote ref master (makes sense, master isn't there yet) Do a git.exe push "origin" master:master and tortoise hangs forever without do anything I realize why I can't pull from master yet on the remote branch.. but why can't I push my first commit into the remote repo? #4 really should work. Tried it both with tortoise and the mysysgit command line, both cases I hang forever. What am I missing? Server has no useful log

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• two operating systems sharing their file systems with eachother (Windows and Linux)

  - by John Kube

  I have two operating systems installed on my notebook computer, Windows Vista and Ubuntu Linux. When I boot up, I'm presented with a bootloader which allows me to choose which one I want to load. I'm interested in sharing each operating system's file system with the other, such that I could access my Windows files from Linux and vice-versa. Is this possible, and if so how would one go about setting it up? Feel free to just post a link to an existing solution if there is one. I would Google for this myself, but I don't even know what to search for, as I don't know what this is called.

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• Printing from a Linux using an Acer Aspire Netbook

  - by JoelFan

  A friend asked me to check why their Linux Acer Aspire netbook can't print to their HP printer. When I plugged in the USB cable, the a "balloon" popped up on the netbook saying it was installing the printer. But the printing does not work. I was able to get into a Settings area and click on Print Test Page but nothing happened. If it was Ubuntu, I would go into the Log File Viewer, but I couldn't find that on whatever Linux flavor the Acer is running. I couldn't even figure out how to get to a terminal (shell) window. I tried searching the HP and Acer sites but nothing seems to apply to this issue.

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• How does Mac's command line compare to Linux?

  - by Nathan Long

  I love Ubuntu Linux - especially the commmand line. But I have to admit that, at least for now, Windows is more user-friendly - there's more software for it, more drivers, and more stuff just works. Knowing that Mac is built on Unix makes me wonder if it's the sweet spot between them. But I wonder: how similar is the Mac command line to Linux's bash? Could I pick right up with using vim and bash scripting and git, etc? Would common commands like changing directories be different? Does anybody know an online "compare and contrast" resource?

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• Best linux distro for cuda development

  - by user18151

  Can someone suggest the best linux distro for CUDA development. The reason why I'm asking is that I tried installing the latest cuda SDK in Fedora 12, and it was a real pain in the neck. It took me 8 hours to get the nouveau driver removed and the nvidia-driver installed. After that somehow the OS decides to act up and blow up the /var/log/message file to 9 GB and eat up all my remaining space, with strange errors. I don't even understand what happened further, but my Nvidia drives don't work anymore. Please don't flame me, I'm NOT a windows fanboy or anything. I've been using Linux since 2002, and actually like it. Its just my personal experience. Would be really helpful for positive suggestions. Fanboys, please stay aside. Thanks in advance.

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• Monitor HTTP usage on network from Linux free

  - by David

  I manage a small office network. I am looking to start monitoring/logging internet usage (website requests) for each user on a small network. All the windows clients are running through a switch to a BT router. I also have a linux (centos) machine which is connected as a client to the BT router as well. Is there any free software I can install on the linux box (or my own machine) to allow me to log and monitor websites requested by users kind of like browser history. Ideally, something that would collect each client's browser history in 1 place. Thanks

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• How to set the preferred network interface in linux

  - by Mike Cooper

  I have my network set up like this. http://docs.google.com/Doc?docid=0AZ1YxuLE4djaZGhqN2s1NmRfMjhjNjc0Ym1meg&hl=en In words: I have a machine (Calcium, running Arch Linux) that has two network interfaces. eth0 is hoooked up to a router, and is gigabit. Eth1 is hooked up directly to the university network over 10Megabit. The router's uplink is hooked up to the university network as well, and it is also 10Megabit. Currently (I believe) all traffic on Calcium is going through eth0, through the router, regardless of whether it is internal or external. (How can I confirm this?) Ideally, traffic that is destined for the internal network (192.168.10.0/24) would travel over eth0 to the router, and wherever it is going. ALL other traffic should go over eth1.

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• Linux Programs for pulling measurements from graphics

  - by Zack

  As a front-end developer, I'm often given graphics of web sites and told pretty much, "Make it work." I've recently started working on Linux 100% of the time and was wondering if there's any programs out there that're good for "digesting" graphics. All I do, pretty much, is draw little selection boxes and takes notes on their dimensions; I also slice out a piece of the graphic (i.e. copy out just the part of the graphic I need for to make the same effect in CSS). Before now I've been very happy with Fireworks, but I need something for Linux, any suggestions? As a note, I mainly deal with pixel based graphics, so the program being vector based isn't a necessity.

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• Xerox Workcentre 3119 and Linux

  - by Milan Babuškov

  I'm trying to get Xerox Workcentre 3119 printer to work on Linux. It's a multifunction device (printer and scanner). I run the CUPS web interface at: http://localhost:631/ and it recognizes it on USB port and even suggests Gutenprint driver from the list. When I try to print a test page, the printer goes through "warming up" process (i.e. lights blink and sound is heard) but does not print anything. There are no errors in /var/log/cups/error_log and access_log shows as if everything is ok. The printer works fine in Windows XP. Does anyone have any experience with this printer on Linux?

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• Linux EC2 Instance Security Consideration

  - by Amzath

  I am going to host a web site in Amazon EC2 instance which would be a Linux instance. My web application will be developed using PHP, Apache and MySql. As I am new to Linux and Amazon EC2 environment, what are key areas in security should I consider to protect my server? This may be very very generic question as the security itself a vast area. But I need to kick start with most imporant points. That way I would be able to track down all those areas one by one.

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• Linux EC2 Instance Security Consideration

  - by Amzath

  I am going to host a web site in Amazon EC2 instance which would be a Linux instance. My web application will be developed using PHP, Apache and MySql. As I am new to Linux and Amazon EC2 environment, what are key areas in security should I consider to protect my server? This may be very very generic question as the security itself a vast area. But I need to kick start with most imporant points. That way I would be able to track down all those areas one by one.

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• Screencapturing on linux?

  - by donuts

  What is the recommended screen capture (video, like for a screen cast) program to use on linux (specifically, backtrack)?

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• How to change Linux hot key [migrated]

  - by Willie Wright Jr

  I would like to know if it is possible to change the hot key on a Linux distribution. I have already tried to re-configure the hot keys in the virtual box preferences but i have not been able to accomplish the results i am looking for. I am currently running a Linux Antergos in a Virtual Box and i would like to change the hot key to match the ? key of Mac Book Pro to improve workflow and swap the workstation hot key to Ctrl. Overall i would like to be able to save files in the Virtual Machine using ?+s, ?+r Etc...

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• Open Microsoft Publisher Document on Linux

  - by Peter

  I'm pretty sure the options consist of Just don't do it (use a nice open standard file format). Not great when someone sends you something. Translate the format on Windows. I think you need Publisher, the viewer won't even print. But you can download a trial version for a once off (been there, done that). Submit the file for online translation to PDF. www.pdfonline.com/convert-pdf/ Use a Windows VM, wine, crossover office, Win4Lin, or otherwise run Publisher "under" linux. What I really want to do is convert it to something nicer natively under Linux.

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• Virtualizing WindowsXP on Linux Fedora 12 for Photoshop....

  - by Rae

  I am running a Linux server from 2000, I have Fedora12 installed as the OS. I know you can virtualize Windows XP on the system to be able to run Windows programs, but the problem is I My server has only one 1333Mhz Pentium 3 processor and 1G of Ram. granted this is a pretty kick ass computer for the day, but lacking the second processor I'm afraid that I will not be able to run Windows virtualization to support Photoshop CS3. Is there any program out there that runs similar to Photoshop, like windows Digital Image suite 10, that will run smoothly in my Linux Fedora 12 environment? or can I virtualize windows and run the Windows digital image suite 10, without slowing or corrupting my system?

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• Copy Thunderbird accounts and preferences from Linux to Mac/Windows

  - by Josh

  This is similar to this question but not exactly a duplicate. My Linux laptop has recently been hanging for no apparent reason, and so I have been using a Mac OS X laptop in the meantime. I just installed Thunderbird and wanted to copy all my preferences and account settings to the new laptop. All email accounts are IMAP based. Can I simply copy the data, or does Thunderbird for OS X store data in a different format from OS X? What about if I wanted to copy the preferences to Thunderbird under Windows? Finally, what files do I copy? I haven't powered up the Linux laptop yet but I'm guessing there's a ~/.thunderbird/ directory, can I just copy this to the Mac?

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• how to pre-create directories on linux for file storage

  - by Erik Sorensen

  Hi - looking for a way to pre-create directories on linux to be used to store a large number of files. We will be generating file ids using a GUID - I need to keep a copy of these files on a linux web server. I plan on using subdirectories to split up the files (it's ext3)... so for example, the filename 055c102b-62fb-4671-a3c7-68b9515ec53e.swf would live in /data/files/0/5/5/055c102b-62fb-4671-a3c7-68b9515ec53e.swf (taking the first 3 characters as directory names) My question is - how to create the /data/files/?/?/?/ directories ahead of time? Where ? could be a-z or 0-9

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• How to best tune a Linux development machine?

  - by cletus

  How to best tune a Linux PC for development purposes?

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• How to disable hiddev96 in linux (or tell it to ignore a specific device)

  - by Miky D

  I'm having problems with a CentOS 5.0 system when using a certain USB device. The problem is that the device advertises itself as a HID device and linux is happy to try to provide support for it: In /ver/log/messages I see a line that reads: hiddev96: USB HID 1.11 Device [KXX USB PRO] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1 My question comes down to: Is there a way to tell linux to not use hiddev96 for that device in particular? If yes, how? If not, what are my options - can I turn hiddev96 off completely? UPDATE I should probably have been a bit more specific about what is going on. The machine is running Centos 5.0, and on top of it I'm running VMWare workstation with Windows XP - which is where the USB device is actually supposed to operate. All works fine for other USB devices (i.e. VMWare successfully connects the USB device to the guest OS and the OS can use it, but for this particular device VMWare connects it to the guest OS, but the OS can't read/write to it) Every attempt locks up the application that is trying to communicate with the device. I've reason to believe that it is because the device is a HID device and there's some contention between the Linux host and the Windows guest OS in accessing the device. Below is the output from modprobe -l|grep -i hid as requested by @Karolis: # modprobe -l | grep -i hid /lib/modules/2.6.18-53.1.14.el5/kernel/net/bluetooth/hidp/hidp.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-53.1.14.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/misc/phidgetservo.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-53.1.14.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/misc/phidgetkit.ko And here is the output of lsmod # lsmod Module Size Used by udf 76997 1 vboxdrv 65696 0 autofs4 24517 2 hidp 23105 2 rfcomm 42457 0 l2cap 29633 10 hidp,rfcomm tun 14657 0 vmnet 49980 16 vmblock 20512 3 vmmon 945236 0 sunrpc 144253 1 cpufreq_ondemand 10573 1 video 19269 0 sbs 18533 0 backlight 10049 0 i2c_ec 9025 1 sbs button 10705 0 battery 13637 0 asus_acpi 19289 0 ac 9157 0 ipv6 251393 27 lp 15849 0 snd_hda_intel 24025 2 snd_hda_codec 202689 1 snd_hda_intel snd_seq_dummy 7877 0 snd_seq_oss 32577 0 nvidia 7824032 31 snd_seq_midi_event 11073 1 snd_seq_oss snd_seq 49713 5 snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi_event snd_seq_device 11725 3 snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq snd_pcm_oss 42945 0 snd_mixer_oss 19009 1 snd_pcm_oss snd_pcm 72133 3 snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_pcm_oss joydev 13313 0 sg 36061 0 parport_pc 29157 1 snd_timer 24645 2 snd_seq,snd_pcm snd 52421 13 snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq,snd_seq_device,snd_pcm_oss,snd_mixer_oss,snd_pcm,snd_timer ndiswrapper 170384 0 parport 37513 2 lp,parport_pc hci_usb 20317 2 ide_cd 40033 1 tg3 104389 0 i2c_i801 11469 0 bluetooth 53925 8 hidp,rfcomm,l2cap,hci_usb soundcore 11553 1 snd cdrom 36705 1 ide_cd serio_raw 10693 0 snd_page_alloc 14281 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm i2c_core 23745 3 i2c_ec,nvidia,i2c_i801 pcspkr 7105 0 dm_snapshot 20709 0 dm_zero 6209 0 dm_mirror 28741 0 dm_mod 58201 8 dm_snapshot,dm_zero,dm_mirror ahci 23621 4 libata 115833 1 ahci sd_mod 24897 5 scsi_mod 132685 3 sg,libata,sd_mod ext3 123337 3 jbd 56553 1 ext3 ehci_hcd 32973 0 ohci_hcd 23261 0 uhci_hcd 25421 0

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• Tips for teaching Linux to beginners?

  - by chiborg

  I will teach Linux to people of the ages 20-75 with no prior Linux knowledge. I want to teach some basic concepts (what's an OS, what's a file system) and some practical knowlede: How to install it, network configuration, set up email client, installing software with a packet manager, etc. I have held a system administrators course in the past, but was under the impression that my method of teaching was not adequate. I've explained what I was about to show, showed students on the projector, told them to repeat it on their computers and summarized what they should have learned. They could ask questions all the time. But I fear they remembered only one-third of the knowledge I taught them. I have two questions here: Are there better methods to teach this particular subject in a classroom equipped with computers? Are there some tricks that "slow me down" when I teach stuff that I know inside-out?

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• dhcp status in linux

  - by MA1

  How to find in linux(fedora12) if dhcp is running on network?

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