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  • Why is chunk size often a power of two?

    - by danijar
    There are many Minecraft clones out there and I am working on my own implementation. A principle of terrain rendering is tiling the whole world in fixed size chunks to reduce the effort of localized changes. In Minecraft the chunk size is 16 x 16 x 256 as far as I now. And in clones I also always saw chunk sizes of a power of the number 2. Is there any reason for that, maybe performance or memory related? I know that powers of 2 play a special role in binary computers but what has that to do with the chunk size?

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  • Looping 3D environment in shmups

    - by kamziro
    So I was watching Ikaruga: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aj23K8Ri68E And then raystorm: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQ4V0G5ykAg After looking at their 3D backgrounds for a little bit, it appears that they use a lot of repeated segments. How would one start with the development with such systems? Would there be editors that can be used (or at least help) with creating the environments? Perhaps a 3D map with splines describing the path of the ship, as well as events on the splines?

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  • Math > Logic for a Logarithmic Score Meter

    - by oodavid
    I'm trying to implement a score meter whereby I specify a maximum value (say 15,000) and I can render values on it in a logarithmic manner ie: +------+---+--+-++ +------+---+--+-++ |== | |====== | +------+---+--+-++ +------+---+--+-++ 200 pts 1,000 pts +------+---+--+-++ +------+---+--+-++ |============= | |================| +------+---+--+-++ +------+---+--+-++ 5,000 pts 15,000 pts + The upper bound needs to be variable, and need to be able to convert a score to a percentage, using the above mockup as an example: score2pct(15000, 200) = 0.2 score2pct(15000, 1000) = 0.4 score2pct(15000, 5000) = 0.8 score2pct(15000, 15000) = 1 Does anyone have any pointers for me?

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  • X Error of failed request: BadMatch [migrated]

    - by Andrew Grabko
    I'm trying to execute some "hello world" opengl code: #include <GL/freeglut.h> void displayCall() { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); ... Some more code here glutSwapBuffers(); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH); glutInitWindowSize(500, 500); glutInitWindowPosition(300, 200); glutInitContextVersion(4, 2); glutInitContextFlags(GLUT_FORWARD_COMPATIBLE); glutCreateWindow("Hello World!"); glutDisplayFunc(displayCall); glutMainLoop(); return 0; } As a result I get: X Error of failed request: BadMatch (invalid parameter attributes) Major opcode of failed request: 128 (GLX) Minor opcode of failed request: 34 () Serial number of failed request: 39 Current serial number in output stream: 40 Here is the stack trace: fghCreateNewContext() at freeglut_window.c:737 0x7ffff7bbaa81 fgOpenWindow() at freeglut_window.c:878 0x7ffff7bbb2fb fgCreateWindow() at freeglut_structure.c:106 0x7ffff7bb9d86 glutCreateWindow() at freeglut_window.c:1,183 0x7ffff7bbb4f2 main() at AlphaTest.cpp:51 0x4007df Here is the last piece of code, after witch the program crashes: createContextAttribs = (CreateContextAttribsProc) fghGetProcAddress("glXCreateContextAttribsARB" ); if ( createContextAttribs == NULL ) { fgError( "glXCreateContextAttribsARB not found" ); } context = createContextAttribs( dpy, config, share_list, direct, attributes ); "glXCreateContextAttribsARB" address is obtained successfully, but the program crashes on its invocation. If I specify OpenGL version less than 4.2 in "glutInitContextVersion()" program runs without errors. Here is my glxinfo's OpelGL version: OpenGL version string: 4.2.0 NVIDIA 285.05.09 I would be very appreciate any further ideas.

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  • How can I get started programming OpenGL on Mac OS X?

    - by Michael Stum
    I'm trying to start OpenGL programming on a Mac, which brings me into unknown territory on a lot of things. During the day, I'm a Web Developer, working in C# and before that in PHP and Delphi, all on Windows. During the night, I try to pick up Mac/OpenGL skills, but everything is so different. I've been trying to look for some books, but the OpenGL books are usually for iOS (tons of them out there) and the Mac Books usually cover "normal" application Development. I want to start simple with Pong, Tetris and Wolfenstein. I see that there are a bunch of different OpenGL Versions out there. I know about OpenGL ES 1&2, but I don't know about the "big" OpenGL Versions - which ones are commonly supported on 10.6 and 10.7 on current (2010/2011) Macs? Are there any up to date (XCode 4) books or tutorials? I don't want to use a premade Engine like Unity yet - again, I know next to nothing about any Mac development.

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  • How to perform efficient 2D picking in HTML5?

    - by jSepia
    I'm currently using an R-Tree for both picking and collision testing. Each entity on screen has a bounding box for collisions and a separate one for picking. Since entities may change position very frequently, both trees must be updated/reordered once per frame. While this is very efficient for collisions, because the tree is used in hundreds of collision queries every frame, I'm finding it too costly for picking, because it only gets queried when the user clicks, thus leading to a lot of wasted tree updates. What would be a more efficient way to implement picking without as much overhead?

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  • Using a permutation table for simplex noise without storing it

    - by J. C. Leitão
    Generating Simplex noise requires a permutation table for randomisation (e.g. see this question or this example). In some applications, we need to persist the state of the permutation table. This can be done by creating the table, e.g. using def permutation_table(seed): table_size = 2**10 # arbitrary for this question l = range(1, table_size + 1) random.seed(seed) # ensures the same shuffle for a given seed random.shuffle(l) return l + l # see shared link why l + l; is a detail and storing it. Can we avoid storing the full table by generating the required elements every time they are required? Specifically, currently I store the table and call it using table[i] (table is a list). Can I avoid storing it by having a function that computes the element i, e.g. get_table_element(seed, i). I'm aware that cryptography already solved this problem using block cyphers, however, I found it too complex to go deep and implement a block cypher. Does anyone knows a simple implementation of a block cypher to this problem?

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  • How do I morph between meshes that have different vertex counts?

    - by elijaheac
    I am using MeshMorpher from the Unify wiki in my Unity project, and I want to be able to transform between arbitrary meshes. This utility works best when there are an equal number of vertices between the two meshes. Is there some way to equalize the vertex count between a set of meshes? I don't mean that this would reduce the vertex count of a mesh, but would rather add redundant vertices to any meshes with smaller counts. However, if there is an alternate method of handling this (other than increasing vertices), I would like to know.

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  • Which opcodes are faster at the CPU level?

    - by Geotarget
    In every programming language there are sets of opcodes that are recommended over others. I've tried to list them here, in order of speed. Bitwise Integer Addition / Subtraction Integer Multiplication / Division Comparison Control flow Float Addition / Subtraction Float Multiplication / Division Where you need high-performance code, C++ can be hand optimized in assembly, to use SIMD instructions or more efficient control flow, data types, etc. So I'm trying to understand if the data type (int32 / float32 / float64) or the operation used (*, +, &) affects performance at the CPU level. Is a single multiply slower on the CPU than an addition? In MCU theory you learn that speed of opcodes is determined by the number of CPU cycles it takes to execute. So does it mean that multiply takes 4 cycles and add takes 2? Exactly what are the speed characteristics of the basic math and control flow opcodes? If two opcodes take the same number of cycles to execute, then both can be used interchangeably without any performance gain / loss? Any other technical details you can share regarding x86 CPU performance is appreciated

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  • Frame timing for GLFW versus GLUT

    - by linello
    I need a library which ensures me that the timing between frames are more constant as possible during an experiment of visual psychophics. This is usually done synchronizing the refresh rate of the screen with the main loop. For example if my monitor runs at 60Hz I would like to specify that frequency to my framework. For example if my gameloop is the following void gameloop() { // do some computation printDeltaT(); Flip buffers } I would like to have printed a constant time interval. Is it possible with GLFW?

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  • SFML title bar with weird characters when using UTF-8

    - by TheOm3ga
    (Previously asked at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4922478/sfml-title-bar-with-weird-characters-when-using-utf-8) I've just started using SFML and one of the first problems I've come across is some weird characters on the the titlebar whenever I try to use accents or any other extended char. For instance, I've got: sf::RenderWindow Ventana(sf::VideoMode(800, 600, 32), "Año nuevóóó"); And the titlebar renders like AÂ+o nuevoA³A³A³ This ONLY HAPPENS if my source code file is enconded in UTF-8. If I change the file encoding to ISO-8859-1, it shows properly. Obviously all of my files use UTF-8, as its the system-wide encoding. I'm using GCC under Ubuntu GNU/Linux. I've tried using the different utilities in sf::Unicode to adapt the text, but none of them seems to work.

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  • Adding 2D vector movement with rotation applied

    - by Michael Zehnich
    I am trying to apply a slight sine wave movement to objects that float around the screen to make them a little more interesting. I would like to apply this to the objects so that they oscillate from side to side, not front to back (so the oscillation does not affect their forward velocity). After reading various threads and tutorials, I have come to the conclusion that I need to create and add vectors, but I simply cannot come up with a solution that works. This is where I'm at right now, in the object's update method (updated based on comments): Vector2 oldPosition = new Vector2(spritePos.X, spritePos.Y); //note: newPosition is initially set in the constructor to spritePos.x/y Vector2 direction = newPosition - oldPosition; Vector2 perpendicular = new Vector2(direction.Y, -direction.X); perpendicular.Normalize(); sinePosAng += 0.1f; perpendicular.X += 2.5f * (float)Math.Sin(sinePosAng); spritePos.X += velocity * (float)Math.Cos(radians); spritePos.Y += velocity * (float)Math.Sin(radians); spritePos += perpendicular; newPosition = spritePos;

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  • OpenGL ES 2. How do I Create a Basic Fading Streak Effect?

    - by dugla
    For the iPad app I am writing using OpenGL ES 2 I have a single quad - shaded using GLSL - that is dragged around the screen. Very basic. This works fine. But is rather boring. I want to increase the coolness a bit in the following way: when the user drags the quad it leaves a streak behind that fades over time. Continuous dragging would be a bit like a streaking comet across the night sky. What is the simplest way to implement this? Thanks.

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  • Import FBX with multiple meshes into UDK

    - by Tom
    I used this script to generate a few buildings that I was hoping to import into UDK. Each building is made of about 1000 separate objects. When I export a building as FBX and import the file into UDK it breaks it up into its individual objects again, so I was wondering how I would avoid this. Whether there was a tool to combine all of the objects into one mesh automatically before exporting or if I could prevent UDK from breaking them upon import.

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  • Sprite Animation in Android with OpenGL ES

    - by lijo john
    How to do a sprite animation in android using OpenGL ES? What i have done : Now I am able to draw a rectangle and apply my texture(Spritesheet) to it What I need to know : Now the rectangle shows the whole sprite sheet as a whole How to show a single action from sprite sheet at a time and make the animation It will be very help full if anyone can share any idea's , links to tutorials and suggestions. Advanced Thanks to All

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  • How do I use D3DXVec3Unproject with D3D11?

    - by Miguel P
    I'm having a small issue with D3DXVec3Unproject. I'm currently using Direct3D 11 and not 10, and the signature for this function is: D3DXVECTOR3 *pOut, CONST D3DXVECTOR3 *pV, CONST D3D10_VIEWPORT *pViewport, CONST D3DXMATRIX *pProjection, CONST D3DXMATRIX *pView, CONST D3DXMATRIX *pWorld As you may have noticed, it requires a D3D10_VIEWPORT, and I'm using a Direct3D 11 viewport, D3D11_VIEWPORT. Do you have any ideas how I can use D3DXVec3Unproject with Direct3D 11?

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  • How does this snippet of code create a ray direction vector?

    - by Isaac Waller
    In the Minecraft source code, this code is used to create a direction vector for a ray from pitch and yaw:' float f1 = MathHelper.cos(-rotationYaw * 0.01745329F - 3.141593F); float f3 = MathHelper.sin(-rotationYaw * 0.01745329F - 3.141593F); float f5 = -MathHelper.cos(-rotationPitch * 0.01745329F); float f7 = MathHelper.sin(-rotationPitch * 0.01745329F); return Vec3D.createVector(f3 * f5, f7, f1 * f5); I was wondering how it worked, and what is the constant 0.01745329F?

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  • Given a start and end point, how can I constrain the end point so the resulting line segment is horizontal, vertical, or 45 degrees?

    - by GloryFish
    I have a grid of letters. The player clicks on a letter and drags out a selection. Using Bresenham's Algorithm I can create a line of highlighted letters representing the player's selection. However, what I really want is to have the line segment be constrained to 45 degree angles (as is common for crossword-style games). So, given a start point and an end point, how can I find the line that passes through the start point and is closest to the end point? Bonus: To make things super sweet I'd like to get a list of points in the grid that the line passes through, and for super MEGA bonus points, I'd like to get them in order of selection (i.e. from start point to end point).

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  • scaling point sprites with distance

    - by Will
    How can you scale a point sprite by its distance from the camera? GLSL fragment shader: gl_PointSize = size / gl_Position.w; seems along the right tracks; for any given scene all sprites seem nicely scaled by distance. Is this correct? How do you compute the proper scaling for my vertex attribute size? I want each sprite to be scaled by the modelview matrix. I had played with arbitrary values and it seems that size is the radius in pixels at the camera, and is not in modelview scale. I've also tried: gl_Position = pMatrix * mvMatrix * vec4(vertex,1.0); vec4 v2 = pMatrix * mvMatrix * vec4(vertex.x,vertex.y+0.5*size,vertex.z,1.0); gl_PointSize = length(gl_Position.xyz-v2.xyz) * gl_Position.w; But this makes the sprites be bigger in the distance, rather than smaller:

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  • Rope Colliding with a Rectangle

    - by Colton
    I have my rope, and I have my rectangles. The rope is similar to the implementation found here: http://nehe.gamedev.net/tutorial/rope_physics/17006/ Now, I want to make the rope properly collide with the rectangle such that the rope will not pass through a rectangle, and wrap around the rectangle and all that good stuff. Currently, I have it set so no rope node can pass through a rect (successfully), however, this means a rope segment can still pass through a block. Ex: So the question is, what can I do to fix this? What I have tried: I create a rectangle between two nodes of a rope, calculate rotation between the nodes, and get myself a transformed rectangle. I can successfully detect a collision between rope segments and a (non-transformed) rectangle. Create a new node or pivot point around the corner of the block, and rearrange nodes to point to the corner node. Trouble is determining what corner the rope segment is passing through. And then the current rope setup goes wonky (based on verlet integration, so a sudden change in position causes the rope to wiggle like a seismograph during a magnitude 8 earth quake.) Among other issues that might be solvable, but its turning into a case by case thing, which doesn't seem right. I think the best answer here would just be a link to a tutorial (I simply can't find any, most lead to box2D or farseer, but I want to at least learn how it works before I hide behind an engine).

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  • CW/CCW Rotation of a Vector

    - by user23132
    Considering that I have a vector A, and after an arbitrary rotation I get vector B. I want to use this rotation operation in others vectors as well, but I'm having problems in doing that. My idea do that is to calculate the perpendicular vector C of the plane AB (by calculating AxB). This vector C is the axis that I'll need to rotate. To discover the angle I used the dot product between A and B, the acos of the dot product will return the lowest angle between A and B, the angle ang. The rotation I need to do is then: -rotate *ang*º around the C axis. The problem is that I dont know if this rotation is a CW or CCW rotation, since the cos of the dot product does not give me information of the sign of the angle. There's a tip discover that in 2D ( A.x * B.y - A.y * B.x) that you can use to discover if the vector A is at left/right of vector B. But I dont know how to do this in 3D space. Can anyone help me?

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  • OpenGL textures trigger error 1281 if SFML is not called

    - by user3714670
    I am using SOIL to apply textures to VBOs, without textures i could change the background and display black (default color) vbos easily, but now with textures, openGL is giving an error 1281, the background is black and some textures are not applied. but the first texture IS applied (nothing else is working though). The strange thing is : if i create a dummy texture with SFML in the same program, all other textures do work. So i guess there is something i forgot in the texture creation/application, if someone could enlighten me. Here is the code i use to load textures, once loaded it is kept in memory, it mostly comes from the example of SOIL : texture = SOIL_load_OGL_single_cubemap( filename, SOIL_DDS_CUBEMAP_FACE_ORDER, SOIL_LOAD_AUTO, SOIL_CREATE_NEW_ID, SOIL_FLAG_POWER_OF_TWO | SOIL_FLAG_MIPMAPS | SOIL_FLAG_DDS_LOAD_DIRECT ); if( texture > 0 ) { glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP ); glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S ); glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T ); glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_GEN_R ); glTexGeni( GL_S, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_REFLECTION_MAP ); glTexGeni( GL_T, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_REFLECTION_MAP ); glTexGeni( GL_R, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_REFLECTION_MAP ); glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, texture ); std::cout << "the loaded single cube map ID was " << texture << std::endl; } else { std::cout << "Attempting to load as a HDR texture" << std::endl; texture = SOIL_load_OGL_HDR_texture( filename, SOIL_HDR_RGBdivA2, 0, SOIL_CREATE_NEW_ID, SOIL_FLAG_POWER_OF_TWO | SOIL_FLAG_MIPMAPS ); if( texture < 1 ) { std::cout << "Attempting to load as a simple 2D texture" << std::endl; texture = SOIL_load_OGL_texture( filename, SOIL_LOAD_AUTO, SOIL_CREATE_NEW_ID, SOIL_FLAG_POWER_OF_TWO | SOIL_FLAG_MIPMAPS | SOIL_FLAG_DDS_LOAD_DIRECT ); } if( texture > 0 ) { // enable texturing glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_2D ); // bind an OpenGL texture ID glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture ); std::cout << "the loaded texture ID was " << texture << std::endl; } else { glDisable( GL_TEXTURE_2D ); std::cout << "Texture loading failed: '" << SOIL_last_result() << "'" << std::endl; } } and how i apply it when drawing : GLuint TextureID = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "myTextureSampler"); if(!TextureID) cout << "TextureID not found ..." << endl; // glEnableVertexAttribArray(TextureID); glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); if(SFML) sf::Texture::bind(sfml_texture); else { glBindTexture (GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); // glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, 1024, 768, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, &texture); } glUniform1i(TextureID, 0); I am not sure that SOIL is adapted to my program as i want something as simple as possible (i used sfml's texture object which was the best but i can't anymore), but if i can get it to work it would be great.

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  • Realtime rendering using a ray tracing engine

    - by Keyhan Asghari
    I want to render an object that has a mesh with one million hexagonal elements(100 * 100 * 100). Lights, shadows and textures is not important and each element has a solid color. and finally, the actions I want to have, is simply rotating the object, zooming and panning. I am wondering what ray tracing engine is better for my conditions. or, do I have to take another approach? any help will be appreciated.

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  • Component-based Rendering

    - by Kikaimaru
    I have component Renderer, that Draws Texture2D (or sprite) According to component-based architecture i should have only method OnUpdate, and there should be my rendering code, something like spriteBatch.Draw(Texture, Vector2.Zero, Color.White) But first I need to do spriteBatch.Begin();. Where should i call it? And how can I make sure it's called before any Renderer components OnUpdate method? (i need to do more stuff then just Begin() i also need to set right rendertarget for camera etc.)

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  • Generated 3d tree meshes

    - by Jari Komppa
    I did not find a question on these lines yet, correct me if I'm wrong. Trees (and fauna in general) are common in games. Due to their nature, they are a good candidate for procedural generation. There's SpeedTree, of course, if you can afford it; as far as I can tell, it doesn't provide the possibility of generating your tree meshes at runtime. Then there's SnappyTree, an online webgl based tree generator based on the proctree.js which is some ~500 lines of javascript. One could use either of above (or some other tree generator I haven't stumbled upon) to create a few dozen tree meshes beforehand - or model them from scratch in a 3d modeller - and then randomly mirror/scale them for a few more variants.. But I'd rather have a free, linkable tree mesh generator. Possible solutions: Port proctree.js to c++ and deal with the open source license (doesn't seem to be gpl, so could be doable; the author may also be willing to co-operate to make the license even more free). Roll my own based on L-systems. Don't bother, just use offline generated trees. Use some other method I haven't found yet.

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