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• Optimizing MySQL for small VPS

  - by Chris M

  I'm trying to optimize my MySQL config for a verrry small VPS. The VPS is also running NGINX/PHP-FPM and Magento; all with a limit of 250MB of RAM. This is an output of MySQL Tuner... -------- General Statistics -------------------------------------------------- [--] Skipped version check for MySQLTuner script [OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.1.41-3ubuntu12.8 [OK] Operating on 64-bit architecture -------- Storage Engine Statistics ------------------------------------------- [--] Status: -Archive -BDB -Federated +InnoDB -ISAM -NDBCluster [--] Data in MyISAM tables: 1M (Tables: 14) [--] Data in InnoDB tables: 29M (Tables: 301) [--] Data in MEMORY tables: 1M (Tables: 17) [!!] Total fragmented tables: 301 -------- Security Recommendations ------------------------------------------- [OK] All database users have passwords assigned -------- Performance Metrics ------------------------------------------------- [--] Up for: 2d 11h 14m 58s (1M q [8.038 qps], 33K conn, TX: 2B, RX: 618M) [--] Reads / Writes: 83% / 17% [--] Total buffers: 122.0M global + 8.6M per thread (100 max threads) [!!] Maximum possible memory usage: 978.2M (404% of installed RAM) [OK] Slow queries: 0% (37/1M) [OK] Highest usage of available connections: 6% (6/100) [OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 32.0M/282.0K [OK] Key buffer hit rate: 99.7% (358K cached / 1K reads) [OK] Query cache efficiency: 83.4% (1M cached / 1M selects) [!!] Query cache prunes per day: 48301 [OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (0 temp sorts / 144K sorts) [OK] Temporary tables created on disk: 13% (27K on disk / 203K total) [OK] Thread cache hit rate: 99% (6 created / 33K connections) [!!] Table cache hit rate: 0% (32 open / 51K opened) [OK] Open file limit used: 1% (20/1K) [OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 99% (1M immediate / 1M locks) [!!] InnoDB data size / buffer pool: 29.2M/8.0M -------- Recommendations ----------------------------------------------------- General recommendations: Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance Reduce your overall MySQL memory footprint for system stability Enable the slow query log to troubleshoot bad queries Increase table_cache gradually to avoid file descriptor limits Variables to adjust: *** MySQL's maximum memory usage is dangerously high *** *** Add RAM before increasing MySQL buffer variables *** query_cache_size (> 64M) table_cache (> 32) innodb_buffer_pool_size (>= 29M) and this is the config. # # The MySQL database server configuration file. # # You can copy this to one of: # - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options, # - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options. # # One can use all long options that the program supports. # Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with # --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use. # # For explanations see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html # This will be passed to all mysql clients # It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes # escpecially if they contain "#" chars... # Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location. [client] port = 3306 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock # Here is entries for some specific programs # The following values assume you have at least 32M ram # This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed. [mysqld_safe] socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] # # * Basic Settings # # # * IMPORTANT # If you make changes to these settings and your system uses apparmor, you may # also need to also adjust /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld. # user = mysql socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp skip-external-locking # # Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on # localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure. bind-address = 127.0.0.1 # # * Fine Tuning # key_buffer = 32M max_allowed_packet = 16M thread_stack = 192K thread_cache_size = 8 sort_buffer_size = 4M read_buffer_size = 4M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 16M # This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed # the first time they are touched myisam-recover = BACKUP max_connections = 100 table_cache = 32 tmp_table_size = 128M #thread_concurrency = 10 # # * Query Cache Configuration # #query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_type = 1 query_cache_size = 64M # # * Logging and Replication # # Both location gets rotated by the cronjob. # Be aware that this log type is a performance killer. # As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime! #general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log #general_log = 1 log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log # Here you can see queries with especially long duration #log_slow_queries = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log #long_query_time = 2 #log-queries-not-using-indexes # # The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication. # note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about # other settings you may need to change. #server-id = 1 #log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M #binlog_do_db = include_database_name #binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name # # * InnoDB # # InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/. # Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many! # # * Security Features # # Read the manual, too, if you want chroot! # chroot = /var/lib/mysql/ # # For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca". # # ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem # ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem # ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] #no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completition [isamchk] key_buffer = 16M # # * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file! # The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored. # !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/ The site contains 1 wordpress site,so lots of MYISAM but mostly static content as its not changing all that often (A wordpress cache plugin deals with this). And the Magento Site which consists of a lot of InnoDB tables, some MyISAM and some INMEMORY. The "read" side seems to be running pretty well with a mass of optimizations I've used on Magento, the NGINX setup and PHP-FPM + XCACHE. I'd love to have a kick in the right direction with the MySQL config so I'm not blindly altering it based on the MySQLTuner without understanding what I'm changing. Thanks

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• How do partitions help in optimizing the harddrive?

  - by Fasih Khatib

  I was recently reading a guide on Tom's Hardware about how to optimize the harddrive. They listed creating partitions as one of them. They said keeping the various files seperate is a good idea as it reduces the read/write cycles required. Now my querry is: what size partitions do i make for my 500gb harddrive. Its completely blank. I will be installing WIN7 in it. My usual strategy is to divide it into two equal partitions. Is it the optimum size?

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• zram trimming by writing zero pages

  - by qdot

  I'm using ZRAM as a backing block device for /tmp filesystem in the following manner: echo 8000000000 > /sys/block/zram0/disksize mkfs.ext4 -O dir_nlink,extent,extra_isize,flex_bg,^has_journal,uninit_bg -m0 \ -b 4096 -L "zram0" /dev/zram0 mount -o barrier=0,commit=240,noatime,nodev,nosuid /dev/zram0 /tmp chmod aogu+rwx /tmp It works out reasonably well for me - however, there is an issue here - when files are removed, they are not zero'ed, so the ZRAM does not remote the compressed pages. Obviously running dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/ZERO bs=1M count={free-space-some-rest}; rm /tmp/ZERO clears it up in the ZRAM - it gets notified of zero-pages and shrinks the store. How can I get ext4 to zero used pages on delete? Also, any other suggestions on how to optimize it?

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• PHP5 extensions

  - by Jack

  I have looked through many tutorials on installing a web server, and some of them have enormous amounts of various PHP extensions. I have a few questions about that: Why would one want to install all those extensions? How to know which extensions you have to install for your site to work properly? Why some tutorials "just" tell you to install them all, when some tell you to install 4 or 5 of them? Thanks! P.S. I'm quite new to Linux, and I'm installing a web server using nginx. Or looking for information about things that look odd to me at the moment. EDIT: Since the question has been answered, I would like to know which ones of these are most likely unnecessary for a Wordpress or SMF installation? php5-fpm php5-mysql php5-xsl php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-xcache php5-ming php5-ps php5-pspell php5-recode php5-snmp php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc Perhaps there are some extensions that would optimize my website?

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• Processor speeds on my machine don't live up to manufacturer hype

  - by atch

  Why am I not seeing the promised speed claims of processor manufacturers on my computer? Producers of processors claim that their product can perform so many thousands (or millions) of operations per second. And yet on my machine (4GB, 3500hz), the typical program (Word, Visual Studio etc.) takes at least 10 seconds to start. I've formatted my hard drive and ticked all the necessary boxes to optimize my machine and yet I'm not seeing the promised speeds. Say it takes Outlook ten seconds to load. How many millions of operations does it really go through in order to start up?

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• Server Memory with Magento

  - by Mohamed Elgharabawy

  I have a cloud server with the following specifications: 2vCPUs 4G RAM 160GB Disk Space Network 400Mb/s System Image: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS I am only running Magento CE 1.7.0.2 on this server. Nothing else. Usually, the server has a loading time of 4-5 seconds. Recently, this has dropped to over 30 seconds and sometimes the server just goes away and I get HTTP error reports to my email stating that HTTP requests took more than 20000ms. Running top command and sorting them returns the following: top - 15:29:07 up 3:40, 1 user, load average: 28.59, 25.95, 22.91 Tasks: 112 total, 30 running, 82 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 90.2%us, 9.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.3%si, 0.2%st PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 31901 www-data 20 0 360m 71m 5840 R 7 1.8 1:39.51 apache2 32084 www-data 20 0 362m 72m 5548 R 7 1.8 1:31.56 apache2 32089 www-data 20 0 348m 59m 5660 R 7 1.5 1:41.74 apache2 32295 www-data 20 0 343m 54m 5532 R 7 1.4 2:00.78 apache2 32303 www-data 20 0 354m 65m 5260 R 7 1.6 1:38.76 apache2 32304 www-data 20 0 346m 56m 5544 R 7 1.4 1:41.26 apache2 32305 www-data 20 0 348m 59m 5640 R 7 1.5 1:50.11 apache2 32291 www-data 20 0 358m 69m 5256 R 6 1.7 1:44.26 apache2 32517 www-data 20 0 345m 56m 5532 R 6 1.4 1:45.56 apache2 30473 www-data 20 0 355m 66m 5680 R 6 1.7 2:00.05 apache2 32093 www-data 20 0 352m 63m 5848 R 6 1.6 1:53.23 apache2 32302 www-data 20 0 345m 56m 5512 R 6 1.4 1:55.87 apache2 32433 www-data 20 0 346m 57m 5500 S 6 1.4 1:31.58 apache2 32638 www-data 20 0 354m 65m 5508 R 6 1.6 1:36.59 apache2 32230 www-data 20 0 347m 57m 5524 R 6 1.4 1:33.96 apache2 32231 www-data 20 0 355m 66m 5512 R 6 1.7 1:37.47 apache2 32233 www-data 20 0 354m 64m 6032 R 6 1.6 1:59.74 apache2 32300 www-data 20 0 355m 66m 5672 R 6 1.7 1:43.76 apache2 32510 www-data 20 0 347m 58m 5512 R 6 1.5 1:42.54 apache2 32521 www-data 20 0 348m 59m 5508 R 6 1.5 1:47.99 apache2 32639 www-data 20 0 344m 55m 5512 R 6 1.4 1:34.25 apache2 32083 www-data 20 0 345m 56m 5696 R 5 1.4 1:59.42 apache2 32085 www-data 20 0 347m 58m 5692 R 5 1.5 1:42.29 apache2 32293 www-data 20 0 353m 64m 5676 R 5 1.6 1:52.73 apache2 32301 www-data 20 0 348m 59m 5564 R 5 1.5 1:49.63 apache2 32528 www-data 20 0 351m 62m 5520 R 5 1.6 1:36.11 apache2 31523 mysql 20 0 3460m 576m 8288 S 5 14.4 2:06.91 mysqld 32002 www-data 20 0 345m 55m 5512 R 5 1.4 2:01.88 apache2 32080 www-data 20 0 357m 68m 5512 S 5 1.7 1:31.30 apache2 32163 www-data 20 0 347m 58m 5512 S 5 1.5 1:58.68 apache2 32509 www-data 20 0 345m 56m 5504 R 5 1.4 1:49.54 apache2 32306 www-data 20 0 358m 68m 5504 S 4 1.7 1:53.29 apache2 32165 www-data 20 0 344m 55m 5524 S 4 1.4 1:40.71 apache2 32640 www-data 20 0 345m 56m 5528 R 4 1.4 1:36.49 apache2 31888 www-data 20 0 359m 70m 5664 R 4 1.8 1:57.07 apache2 32511 www-data 20 0 357m 67m 5512 S 3 1.7 1:47.00 apache2 32054 www-data 20 0 357m 68m 5660 S 2 1.7 1:53.10 apache2 1 root 20 0 24452 2276 1232 S 0 0.1 0:01.58 init Moreover, running free -m returns the following: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 4003 3919 83 0 118 901 -/+ buffers/cache: 2899 1103 Swap: 0 0 0 To investigate this further, I have installed apache buddy, it recommeneded that I need to reduce the maxclient connections. Which I did. I also installed MysqlTuner and it suggests that I need to set my innodb_buffer_pool_size to = 3.0G. However, I cannot do that, since the whole memory is 4G. Here is the output from apache buddy: ### GENERAL REPORT ### Settings considered for this report: Your server's physical RAM: 4003MB Apache's MaxClients directive: 40 Apache MPM Model: prefork Largest Apache process (by memory): 73.77MB [ OK ] Your MaxClients setting is within an acceptable range. Max potential memory usage: 2950.8 MB Percentage of RAM allocated to Apache 73.72 % And this is the output of MySQLTuner: -------- Performance Metrics ------------------------------------------------- [--] Up for: 47m 22s (675K q [237.552 qps], 12K conn, TX: 1B, RX: 300M) [--] Reads / Writes: 45% / 55% [--] Total buffers: 2.1G global + 2.7M per thread (151 max threads) [OK] Maximum possible memory usage: 2.5G (64% of installed RAM) [OK] Slow queries: 0% (0/675K) [OK] Highest usage of available connections: 26% (40/151) [OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 36.0M/18.7M [OK] Key buffer hit rate: 100.0% (245K cached / 105 reads) [OK] Query cache efficiency: 92.5% (500K cached / 541K selects) [!!] Query cache prunes per day: 302886 [OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (1 temp sorts / 15K sorts) [!!] Joins performed without indexes: 12135 [OK] Temporary tables created on disk: 25% (8K on disk / 32K total) [OK] Thread cache hit rate: 90% (1K created / 12K connections) [!!] Table cache hit rate: 17% (400 open / 2K opened) [OK] Open file limit used: 12% (123/1K) [OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 100% (196K immediate / 196K locks) [!!] InnoDB buffer pool / data size: 2.0G/3.5G [OK] InnoDB log waits: 0 -------- Recommendations ----------------------------------------------------- General recommendations: Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance MySQL started within last 24 hours - recommendations may be inaccurate Enable the slow query log to troubleshoot bad queries Adjust your join queries to always utilize indexes Increase table_cache gradually to avoid file descriptor limits Read this before increasing table_cache over 64: http://bit.ly/1mi7c4C Variables to adjust: query_cache_size ( 64M) join_buffer_size ( 128.0K, or always use indexes with joins) table_cache ( 400) innodb_buffer_pool_size (= 3G) Last but not least, the server still has more than 60% of free disk space. Now, based on the above, I have few questions: Are these numbers normal? Do they make sense? Do I need to upgrade the server? If I don't need to upgrade and my configuration is not correct, how do I optimize it?

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• Optimizing PHP<>MySQL performance

  - by BarsMonster

  I am trying to optimize my PHP<MySQL on this test script: <? for($i=0;$i<100;$i++)//Itterations count $res.= var_dump(loadRow("select body_ru from articles where id>$i*50 limit 100")); print_r($res); ?> I have APC, and article table have an index on id. Also, all these queries are hitting query cache, so sole MySQL performance if great. But when I am using ab -c 10 -t 10 to bench this scipt, I am getting: 100 itterations: ~100req/sec (~10'000 MySQL queries per second) 5 itteration: ~200req/sec 1 itteration: ~380req/sec 0 itteration: ~580req/sec I've tried to disable persistent connections in PHP - it made it slower a bit. So, how can I make it work faster, provided that MySQL is not limiting performance here?

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• How to Modify a Cronjob Email Subject

  - by justinl

  I am running a half dozen different cron jobs from my hosting at Hostmonster.com. When a cronjob has been executed I receive an email with the output of the script. The email comes in the format of: From: Cron Daemon Subject: Cron /ramdisk/bin/php5 -c /home5/username/scheduled/optimize_mysql.bash The problem with this is that the subject of the email makes it very hard to read which cronjob the email is pertaining to. Is there a way to modify the subject of a cronjob email so that it's easier to read? For example: From: Cron Daemon Subject: Optimize MySQL Database

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• Powershell overruling Perl binmode?

  - by hippietrail

  I have a Perl script which creates a binary file while scanning a very large text file. It outputs to STDOUT which I redirect in the commandline to a file. To optimize it I'm making changes then seeing how low it takes to run. On Linux for this I use the "time" command. On Windows the best way to time a program seemed to be to PowerShell's "measure-command". This seemed to work fine but I noticed the generated files were larger. On examination I found that the files generated from within PowerShell begin with a BOM and contain CRLF pairs! My Perl script has a "binmode STDOUT" directive and does work correctly in a normal dosbox. Is this a bug or misfeature in PowerShell or measure-command? Has it affected others creating binary files by means other than Perl? Googling hasn't turned anything up so far. I'm using Perl 5.12, PowerShell v1.0 and Windows XP.

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• Can i enlarge os c drive of my windows 8? [migrated]

  - by Sorgatz

  Last year I got a new Western Digital WD Blue 500GB HDD to replace my old drive. The first thing I did was to install latest Windows 8. While installing Windows 8 I created 3 partitions, C drive for the OS and others for storage. The OS partition is 120GB (which at the time I thought would be plenty big) but I'm now realizing its too small! I wonder if it's possible to re-size HDD partition without reformatting and re-install my Windows 8. So that is my question, Can i enlarge os c drive of my windows 8 without having to re-format? I've used the Norton Partition Magic and Disk Management to make this happen but there doesn't seem to be any options to make it happen. Thanks for any help you guys can give regarding my question. I've worked hard to optimize my current install of Windows 8 and would hate to start all over again.

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• Slight network lag on Small Business Server 2008 R2

  - by Sir.Nathan Stassen

  I recently upgraded a network from a SBS 2003 server to a SBS 2008 R2 Server. Both I and users have noticed a slight delay in network applications and browsing network drives on the new server. It is minor, maybe a second or two at most. However I am wondering if anyone knows of anyway to optimize the networking to service requests sooner to the workstations. The network is running a 1 gig network with some 100 meg devices (mainly network printers). All workstations are XP SP3 Network software runs out of a shared folder mapped as a network drive, no sql databases. Server is a Dell Poweredge T610 with plenty of ram, cpu power, and storage.

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• Analyzing Linux NFS server performance

  - by Kamil Kisiel

  I'd like to do some analysis of our NFS server to help track down potential bottlenecks in our applications. The server is running SUSE Enterprise Linux 10. The kind of things I'm looking to know are: Which files are being accessed by which clients Read/write throughput on a per-client basis Overhead imposed by other RPC calls Time spent waiting on other NFS requests, or disk I/O, to service a client I already know about the statistics available in /proc/net/rpc/nfsd and in fact I wrote a blog post describing them in depth. What I'm looking for is a way to dig deeper and help understand what factors are contributing to the performance seen by a particular client. I want to analyze the role the NFS server plays in the performance of an application on our cluster so that I can think of ways to best optimize it.

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• apache and ajp performance

  - by user12145

  I have an apache sitting in front of two tomcat app servers(one on the same physical server, the other on a different one) that does time consuming work(0.5 sec to 10sec per request). The apache http server is getting killed by an average of 1 to 2 concurrent requests per second. both Server spec is about 2GB of RAM. Is there a way to optimize apache to handle the load? any advise is welcome. BalancerMember ajp://localhost:8009/whoisserver BalancerMember ajp://XXX.XX.XXX.XX:8009/whoisserver I keep getting the following in apache2.2 log: [Mon Dec 28 00:31:02 2009] [error] ajp_read_header: ajp_ilink_receive failed [Mon Dec 28 00:31:02 2009] [error] (120006)APR does not understand this error code: proxy: read response failed from 127.0.0.1:8009 (localhost)

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• How to determine the used size of device associated's buffer

  - by dubbaluga

  Hi, when mounting a device without the "sync" option, e. g. by invoking the following: mount -o async /dev/sdc1 /mnt a buffer is associated with a device to optimize (speed) read/write operations. Is there a way to determine the size of this buffer? Another question that comes into my mind is, if it's possible to find out how much of it is used currently. This can be interesting to determine the time it would take to "sync" or "umount" slow devices, such as flash-based media. Thanks in advance for your answers, Rainer

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• Best SQL Server Configuration with this hardware.

  - by DavidStein

  I just received my new SQL Server from Dell. The server will be serve approximately 15 OLTP databases which average 10GB in size. Here are the basic specs: Dell PowerEdge R510 with up to 12 Hot Swap HDDs,LED Intel Xeon E5649 2.53GHz, 12M Cache, 5.86 GT/s QPI, 6 core (Quantity of 2) 48GB Memory (6x8GB), 1333MHz Dual Ranked RDIMMs for 2 Processors, Optimized PERC H700 Integrated RAID Controller, 1GB NV Cache 300GB 15K RPM SA SCSI 6Gbps 3.5in Hotplug Hard Drive (Quantity of 4) 600GB 15K RPM SA SCSI 6Gbps 3.5in Hotplug Hard Drive (Quantity of 6) My first thought was to use 3 arrays. OS - Raid 1 - (2)300GB T-Log - Raid 1 (2)300GB DB - Raid 5 (5) 600GB Backup - (1) 600GB - non-raided. However, I could also do the following after purchasing one more drive for backup. OS and T-Log - Raid 10 - (4)300GB DB - Raid 10 (6)600GB The hard drive space is not an issue as the databases are not that large. I'm just trying to optimize the speed of the applications using these databases. So, what would you guys recommend?

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• Configuration of Sonicwall Load Balancing

  - by jacke672

  We installed a Sonicwall NSA 240 appliance and have configured it up for our SSL VPN connection and for load balancing with 2 ADSL lines. Over the past week, I have been testing the load balancing options to optimize the connection speeds for our users - but I've run into the following: Round Robin load balancing is the ideal load balancing setting and it's roughly doubling our throughput- but, when it's active users are unable to access any SSL enabled websites such as banking, web-mail, etc. For this reason, I have been using percentage based balancing as it allows me to enable source and destination IP binding, which doesn't 'break' any secure connections but were left with the slow connection speeds we had before adding the second line. I'm looking for a method in which we can take advantage of the round robin connection speeds while allowing users to access sites with SSL certificates, all while still allowing our remote (vpn) users to connect. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks

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• Setting up a router as a DNS server only

  - by Jacob R

  I have a Linksys WRT54GL router that I don't need anymore, since I had to buy a 3G capable router (Dovado 3GN). As I only have a 3G connection at home, I want to optimize it as much as possible. I want to setup a caching DNS server, including some blacklisting of ad domains. The router currently runs the DD-WRT firmware. Is it possible to use this router as an ordinary computer, running only a DNS server, disabling all other features such as DHCP, WLAN, etc? Connecting it to my other router, should I simply run a cable into the WAN-port of the Linksys router?

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• my webserver with 16GB ram shows all RAM as used, but is it really, see the 'top'

  - by Alex

  I have some questions about my web server. Its a LAMP web server running centos 5.5 and php5, mysql5. The server gets hundreds (maybe thousand) of concurrent users during peak hours. I'm trying to optimize a little and understand "top". From what I can see: all 16GB of my ram have been used up? does that mean that my server needs more memory? My swap is only 2GB, should it be increased? usually during peak hours my server load average first number is about 2.5-3. What could I do to optimize the server so that the load average even during peak doesn't go above 1? In the past I was told a good working server should stay under 1 load, is this still true? Although even during load of 2.5-3, server pages and applications seem to load with pretty good speed. what should the memory size in php.ini be set to? top - 14:30:18 up 2 days, 12:41, 5 users, load average: 1.25, 1.74, 2.92 Tasks: 305 total, 2 running, 302 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 6.3%us, 0.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 92.5%id, 0.2%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.1%si, 0.0%st Mem: 16427200k total, 16111472k used, 315728k free, 3120316k buffers Swap: 2104496k total, 268k used, 2104228k free, 6216756k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 29080 apache 15 0 358m 36m 5192 S 20.2 0.2 2:08.40 httpd 29093 apache 18 0 357m 36m 5192 S 18.2 0.2 2:02.52 httpd 29079 apache 15 0 370m 49m 5832 S 10.0 0.3 2:32.14 httpd 1812 apache 15 0 370m 49m 5196 S 7.3 0.3 2:25.30 httpd 5204 apache 15 0 358m 36m 5168 S 5.3 0.2 0:59.28 httpd 29075 apache 15 0 370m 48m 5184 S 3.3 0.3 2:15.93 httpd 9712 apache 15 0 360m 38m 5180 S 3.0 0.2 0:54.81 httpd 29072 apache 16 0 358m 36m 5192 S 2.7 0.2 2:24.43 httpd 6310 apache 17 0 388m 67m 5180 S 2.3 0.4 0:58.85 httpd 8674 apache 15 0 343m 21m 4980 S 2.0 0.1 0:07.91 httpd 29085 apache 15 0 371m 49m 5224 S 2.0 0.3 2:16.86 httpd 29083 apache 15 0 370m 48m 5196 S 1.7 0.3 2:10.64 httpd 5575 apache 15 0 357m 36m 5228 S 1.3 0.2 0:53.78 httpd 29066 apache 15 0 379m 59m 5860 R 1.3 0.4 2:11.93 httpd 29078 apache 15 0 370m 48m 5188 S 1.3 0.3 2:14.52 httpd 29084 apache 15 0 370m 48m 5208 S 1.0 0.3 2:02.49 httpd 29089 apache 15 0 370m 48m 5188 S 1.0 0.3 2:27.61 httpd 29082 apache 15 0 390m 68m 5188 S 0.7 0.4 2:32.48 httpd 29984 apache 15 0 358m 36m 5228 S 0.7 0.2 2:08.32 httpd 3571 root 16 0 13400 1792 848 S 0.3 0.0 2:37.89 top 4419 mysql 15 0 668m 175m 7204 S 0.3 1.1 3:32.25 mysqld 28181 root 15 0 90460 3624 2680 S 0.3 0.0 0:17.60 sshd 29091 apache 15 0 390m 69m 5196 S 0.3 0.4 2:29.99 httpd 32476 root 15 0 12900 1320 848 R 0.3 0.0 0:06.46 top 1 root 15 0 10372 680 572 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.01 init 2 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.51 migration/0 3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.07 ksoftirqd/0 4 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 5 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.12 migration/1 6 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 ksoftirqd/1 7 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 8 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 migration/2 9 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 ksoftirqd/2 10 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/2 11 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 migration/3 12 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 ksoftirqd/3 13 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/3 14 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.45 migration/4 15 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ksoftirqd/4 16 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/4 17 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.22 migration/5 18 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ksoftirqd/5 19 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/5 20 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.15 migration/6 21 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 ksoftirqd/6 22 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/6 23 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.15 migration/7 24 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ksoftirqd/7 25 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/7 26 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.19 migration/8 27 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 ksoftirqd/8 28 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/8 29 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.34 migration/9 30 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 ksoftirqd/9 31 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/9 32 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.16 migration/10 33 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 ksoftirqd/10 34 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/10 35 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.12 migration/11 36 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 ksoftirqd/11 37 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/11 38 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.35 migration/12

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• Setting up a router as a DNS server only

  - by Jacob R

  I have a Linksys WRT54GL router that I don't need anymore, since I had to buy a 3G capable router (Dovado 3GN). As I only have a 3G connection at home, I want to optimize it as much as possible. I want to setup a caching DNS server, including some blacklisting of ad domains. The router currently runs the DD-WRT firmware. Is it possible to use this router as an ordinary computer, running only a DNS server, disabling all other features such as DHCP, WLAN, etc? Connecting it to my other router, should I simply run a cable into the WAN-port of the Linksys router?

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• Scanned JPEGs are large and slow to load - can they be optimized losslessly?

  - by Alistair Knock

  I have hundreds of JPEG photographs which were scanned about 5 years ago from negative using a Konica Minolta DiMAGE Scan Dual IV. The dimensions are ~4500x3000, and the filesize is around 12Mb, compared to shots from a DSLR with dimensions of 3000x2300 and filesize of 2-4Mb (actually, these are the output from a RAW convertor). The filesize is obviously quite a big difference, but the issue that's bothering me is that the (perceived) loading time is at least 10 times slower. Is this size/speed discrepancy likely to be because the scanner software saved the JPEGs inefficiently / using an old compression format, or is it simply that the scanned negatives contain much more "detail" (in the form of grain/noise) than the digital images? If the former, is there a way to losslessly optimize them? I've tried re-exporting the scanned files to full size JPEG from my RAW software but the filesize is pretty much the same. Both files will have been saved at 100 quality.

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• Normalize Accept-Encoding via HAProxy for optimized Squid hit rate

  - by Matt Beckman

  Our website infrastructure uses HAProxy for load balancing, a Squid cluster for caching, and application data is on an IIS cluster. We load balance HAProxy by URI to optimize the Squid hit-rate, but we know that Squid is holding different copies of each page based on the Accept-Encoding header passed to it by the browser, and so IE (gzip, deflate) will have a different copy of a cached page than Firefox (gzip,deflate) or Chrome (gzip,deflate,sdch). We want to normalize the Accept-Encoding headers and I think the best place to do so would be in HAProxy. I'd appreciate it if someone could offer some ideas on how to accomplish this without breaking support for clients without gzip or deflate support.

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• Webserver: Performance impact when storing session files on /dev/shm

  - by GetFree

  I have a website runing on a typical setup: Linux, Apache, PHP, MySQL. However, what's not typical about it, is that it's getting tons of traffic (400,000+ visits a day) and so, efficiency is becoming more and more important to me. I'm constantly looking for things I could optimize and, right now, my attention is focused on PHP's session files. There's a hell lot of session files constantly being read and created on the /tmp directory. So my question is: Is it a good idea to store the session files in /dev/shm (tmpfs) in order to speed things up a little bit??

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• what can I do with an old but working PC [closed]

  - by fskreuz

  I have an old Dell optiplex GX240 on Pentium 4 1.8Ghz and 256MB Ram (or was it 512MB). It's still in working condition but it's getting slow for me and i wanted to optimize it. I just want that old box to be usable even for simple desktop use (email, surfing, chat). I also have to note that my parents prefer use it over a laptop for some reason. Treat it as a "box-type netbook". unlike the other threads that they all prefer sending away or use as file server, firewall and that, i am looking for suggestions on how to keep it usable as the main PC. any suggestions? OS perhaps?

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• apache and ajp performance

  - by user12145

  I have an apache sitting in front of two tomcat app servers(one on the same physical server, the other on a different one) that does time consuming work(0.5 sec to 10sec per request). The apache http server is getting killed by an average of 1 to 2 concurrent requests per second. both Server spec is about 2GB of RAM. Is there a way to optimize apache to handle the load? any advise is welcome. BalancerMember ajp://localhost:8009/xxxxxx BalancerMember ajp://XXX.XX.XXX.XX:8009/xxxxxx I keep getting the following in apache2.2 log: [Mon Dec 28 00:31:02 2009] [error] ajp_read_header: ajp_ilink_receive failed [Mon Dec 28 00:31:02 2009] [error] (120006)APR does not understand this error code: proxy: read response failed from 127.0.0.1:8009 (localhost)

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• Why is MySQL making the CPU run at about 80%?

  - by Robert

  MySQL is eating up about 80% of my CPU for no reason as far as I can see. Right now this server is rarely used, more of a test site I set up that will eventually be a used for production once I fix small problems like this. I run 3 instances of MySQL but it seems that my first instance is taking up all the CPU. When I turn off the first instance and leave the other two on everything runs fine. Any suggestions? I tried Show Processlist and no statements are being run besides "Sleep" and the query "Show Processlist" (obviously) at the time it's using up all this CPU. my.cnf is basic. I did not optimize or change any MySQL settings. Do you think this would cause such strange behavior? The machine is running Linux Centos 5.7 64 bit and MySQL 5.0.95. Thanks

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