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  • Restrict movement within a radius

    - by Phil
    I asked a similar question recently but now I think I know more about what I really want to know. I can answer my own question if I get to understand this bit. I have a situation where a sprite's center point needs to be constrained within a certain boundary in 2d space. The boundary is circular so the sprite is constrained within a radius. This radius is defined as a distance from the center of a certain point. I know the position of the center point and I can track the center position of the sprite. This is the code to detect the distance: float distance = Vector2.Distance(centerPosition, spritePosition)); if (distance > allowedDistance) { } The positions can be wherever on the grid, they are not described as in between -1 or 1. So basically the detecting code works, it only prints when the sprite is outside of it's boundary I just don't know what to do when it oversteps. Please explain any math used as I really want to understand what you're thinking to be able to elaborate on it myself.

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  • How to attach an object to a rotating circle in box2d cocos2d?

    - by armands
    I am trying to make an object get attached on a collision point to a circle that is rotating, but the player needs to get attached with a constant point on the player. For example the player is moving back and forth and when the user touches the screen and the player jumps up but what I need is that when the player collides with the circle it attaches it's legs to it and continues rotating with the circle. So I wanted to know how to make this kind of collision joint in cocos2d box2d?

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  • Calculate initial velocity of a 3d vector-based projectile

    - by Frotty
    Okay, so I got a Projectile with 2 Vectors, position and velocity. I now want to calculate the initial velocity for it in order to reach a specific point on the map. Or actually, how high has the start z-velocity to be (because x and y are probably defined by a speed variable) in order for the projectile to hit the marked position. The projectile is influenced by a constant gravity vector. All calculations are done 32 times per second. I want this, because I don't want to use a parabola function, so the projectile can still be influenced by other sources, simply adding some velocity. I didn't really find anything referring to that topic and would be glad for every helping answer, Thanks.

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  • Following a set of points?

    - by user1010005
    Lets assume that i have a set of path that an entity should follow : const int Paths = 2 Vector2D<float> Path[Paths] = { Vector2D(100,0),Vector2D(100,50) }; Now i define my entity's position in a 2D vector as follows : Vector2D<float> FollowerPosition(0,0); And now i would like to move the "follower" to the path at index 1 : int PathPosition = 0; //Start with path 1 Currently i do this : Vector2D<float>& Target = Path[PathPosition]; bool Changed = false; if (FollowerPosition.X < Target.X) FollowerPosition.X += Vel,Changed = true; if (FollowerPosition.X > Target.X) FollowerPosition.X -= Vel,Changed = true; if (FollowerPosition.Y < Target.Y) FollowerPosition.Y += Vel;,Changed = true; if (FollowerPosition.Y > Target.Y) FollowerPosition.Y -= Vel,Changed = true; if (!Changed) { PathPosition = PathPosition + 1; if (PathPosition > Paths) PathPosition = 0; } Which works except for one little detail : The movement is not smooth!! ...So i would like to ask if anyone sees anything wrong with my code. Thanks and sorry for my english.

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  • Circular movement - eliminating speed ups near Y = 0

    - by Fibericon
    I have a basic algorithm to rotate an enemy around a 200 unit radius circle with center 0. This is how I'm achieving that: if (position.Y <= 0 && position.X > -200) { position.X -= 2; position.Y = 0 - (float)Math.Sqrt((200 * 200) - (position.X * position.X)); } else { position.X += 2; position.Y = (float)Math.Sqrt((200 * 200) - (position.X * position.X)); } It does work, and I've ensured that at no point does either X or Y equal NaN. However, when Y approaches 0, it seems to go significantly faster. This surprises me, because the Y values are locked to the X, which is being incremented by a steady amount. What can I do to smooth the speed?

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  • In 3D camera math, calculate what Z depth is pixel unity for a given FOV

    - by badweasel
    I am working in iOS and OpenGL ES 2.0. Through trial and error I've figured out a frustum to where at a specific z depth pixels drawn are 1 to 1 with my source textures. So 1 pixel in my texture is 1 pixel on the screen. For 2d games this is good. Of course it means that I also factor in things like the size of the quad and the size of the texture. For example if my sprite is a quad 32x32 pixels. The quad size is 3.2 units wide and tall. And the texcoords are 32 / the size of the texture wide and tall. Then the frustum is: matrixFrustum(-(float)backingWidth/frustumScale,(float)backingWidth/frustumScale, -(float)backingHeight/frustumScale, (float)backingHeight/frustumScale, 40, 1000, mProjection); Where frustumScale is 800 for a retina screen. Then at a distance of 800 from camera the sprite is pixel for pixel the same as photoshop. For 3d games sometimes I still want to be able to do this. But depending on the scene I sometimes need the FOV to be different things. I'm looking for a way to figure out what Z depth will achieve this same pixel unity for a given FOV. For this my mProjection is set using: matrixPerspective(cameraFOV, near, far, (float)backingWidth / (float)backingHeight, mProjection); With testing I found that at an FOV of 45.0 a Z of 38.5 is very close to pixel unity. And at an FOV of 30.0 a Z of 59.5 is about right. But how can I calculate a value that is spot on? Here's my matrixPerspecitve code: void matrixPerspective(float angle, float near, float far, float aspect, mat4 m) { //float size = near * tanf(angle / 360.0 * M_PI); float size = near * tanf(degreesToRadians(angle) / 2.0); float left = -size, right = size, bottom = -size / aspect, top = size / aspect; // Unused values in perspective formula. m[1] = m[2] = m[3] = m[4] = 0; m[6] = m[7] = m[12] = m[13] = m[15] = 0; // Perspective formula. m[0] = 2 * near / (right - left); m[5] = 2 * near / (top - bottom); m[8] = (right + left) / (right - left); m[9] = (top + bottom) / (top - bottom); m[10] = -(far + near) / (far - near); m[11] = -1; m[14] = -(2 * far * near) / (far - near); } And my mView is set using: lookAtMatrix(cameraPos, camLookAt, camUpVector, mView); * UPDATE * I'm going to leave this here in case anyone has a different solution, can explain how they do it, or why this works. This is what I figured out. In my system I use a 10th scale unit to pixels on non-retina displays and a 20th scale on retina displays. The iPhone is 640 pixels wide on retina and 320 pixels wide on non-retina (obsolete). So if I want something to be the full screen width I divide by 20 to get the OpenGL unit width. Then divide that by 2 to get the left and right unit position. Something 32 units wide centered on the screen goes from -16 to +16. Believe it or not I have an excel spreadsheet do all this math for me and output all the vertex data for my sprite sheet. It's an arbitrary thing I made up to do .1 units = 1 non-retina pixel or 2 retina pixels. I could have made it .01 units = 2 pixels and someday I might switch to that. But for now it's the other. So the width of the screen in units is 32.0, and that means the left most pixel is at -16.0 and the right most is at 16.0. After messing a bit I figured out that if I take the [0] value of an identity modelViewProjection matrix and multiply it by 16 I get the depth required to get 1:1 pixels. I don't know why. I don't know if the 16 is related to the screen size or just a lucky guess. But I did a test where I placed a sprite at that calculated depth and varied the FOV through all the valid values and the object stays steady on screen with 1:1 pixels. So now I'm just calculating the unityDepth that way. If someone gives me a better answer I'll checkmark it.

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  • How to texture voxel terrain without triplanar texturing?

    - by Thelvyn
    How can a voxel terrain (marching cubes) be textured without triplanar mapping ? The goal being to have more artistic freedom. I think, I could unwrap the mesh while extracting the isosurface then use projective painting. But I do not know how to handle terrain modifications without breaking the texture. I also guess that virtual texturing could help here. Links for these matters would be appreciated.

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  • How to configure background image to be at the bottom OpenGL Android

    - by Maxim Shoustin
    I have class that draws white line: public class Line { //private FloatBuffer vertexBuffer; private FloatBuffer frameVertices; ByteBuffer diagIndices; float[] vertices = { -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f }; public Line(GL10 gl) { // a float has 4 bytes so we allocate for each coordinate 4 bytes ByteBuffer vertexByteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length * 4); vertexByteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); // allocates the memory from the byte buffer frameVertices = vertexByteBuffer.asFloatBuffer(); // fill the vertexBuffer with the vertices frameVertices.put(vertices); // set the cursor position to the beginning of the buffer frameVertices.position(0); } /** The draw method for the triangle with the GL context */ public void draw(GL10 gl) { gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glVertexPointer(2, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, frameVertices); gl.glColor4f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1f); gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_LINE_LOOP , 0, vertices.length / 3); gl.glLineWidth(5.0f); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); } } It works fine. The problem is: When I add BG image, I don't see the line glView = new GLSurfaceView(this); // Allocate a GLSurfaceView glView.setEGLConfigChooser(8, 8, 8, 8, 16, 0); glView.setRenderer(new mainRenderer(this)); // Use a custom renderer glView.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.bg_day); // <- BG glView.setRenderMode(GLSurfaceView.RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY); glView.getHolder().setFormat(PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT); How to get rid of that?

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  • Particles are not moving correctly [closed]

    - by cr33p
    I want to make a particle explosion, after something gets destroyed, but somehow only one line of mixed colors show up on the screen. Here's the header: http://pastebin.com/JW5bPLj2 Here's the source: http://pastebin.com/KHmFqytD I don't get what's wrong, as it's nearly the same as in "Programming Linux Games" Can somebody help me fix that? PS: "Uint32 delta" is needed to update the pixels based on time. PSS: Maybe I should add that it's programmed in C and includes SDL. EDIT: Found the problem. It was the "drawParticles" function. The problem was, that I passed a double to "offset" (as particles[i].x, etc are all doubles). So I ended up with values like ~MAX_INT because I didn't cast the doubles properly to ints.

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  • What is the correct way to reset and load new data into GL_ARRAY_BUFFER?

    - by Geto
    I am using an array buffer for colors data. If I want to load different colors for the current mesh in real time what is the correct way to do it. At the moment I am doing: glBindVertexArray(vao); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorBuffer); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, SIZE, colorsData, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glEnableVertexAttribArray(shader->attrib("color")); glVertexAttribPointer(shader->attrib("color"), 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_TRUE, 0, NULL); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); It works, but I am not sure if this is good and efficient way to do it. What happens to the previous data ? Does it write on top of it ? Do I need to call : glDeleteBuffers(1, colorBuffer); glGenBuffers(1, colorBuffer); before transfering the new data into the buffer ?

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  • Cannot find the Cocos2d templates

    - by PeterK
    I am about to upgrade to the last version of Cocos2d and would like to uninstall my current Cocos2d templates before installing the new one but cannot find the templates to delete. I have looked at a number of web comments on this such as Uninstall Cocos2D ans another uninstall example but to no avail. However, I still see Cocos2d in my Xcode (4.5) framework. I have been searching my directories but cannot find it. Is there anyone out there who can give me a hint where to find it so i can delete in?

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  • When attaching AI to a vehicle should I define all steps or try Line of Sight?

    - by ThorDivDev
    This problem is related to an intersection simulation I am building for university. I will try to make it as general as possible. I am trying to assign AI to a vehicle using the JMonkeyEngine platform. AIGama_JmonkeyEngine explains that if you wish to create a car that follows a path you can define the path in steps. If there was no physics attached whatsoever then all you need to do is define the x,y,z values of where you want the object to appear in all subsequent steps. I am attaching the vehicleControl that implements jBullet. In this case the author mentions that I would need to define the steering and accelerating behaviors at each step. I was trying to use ghost controls that represented waypoints and when on colliding the car would decide what to do next like stopping at a red light. This didn't work so well. Car doesn't face right. public void update(float tpf) { Vector3f currentPos = aiVehicle.getPhysicsLocation(); Vector3f baseforwardVector = currentPos.clone(); Vector3f forwardVector; Vector3f subsVector; if (currentState == ObjectState.Running) { aiVehicle.accelerate(-800); } else if (currentState == ObjectState.Seeking) { baseforwardVector = baseforwardVector.normalize(); forwardVector = aiVehicle.getForwardVector(baseforwardVector); subsVector = pointToSeek.subtract(currentPos.clone()); System.out.printf("baseforwardVector: %f, %f, %f\n", baseforwardVector.x, baseforwardVector.y, baseforwardVector.z); System.out.printf("subsVector: %f, %f, %f\n", subsVector.x, subsVector.y, subsVector.z); System.out.printf("ForwardVector: %f, %f, %f\n", forwardVector.x, forwardVector.y, forwardVector.z); if (pointToSeek != null && pointToSeek.x + 3 >= currentPos.x && pointToSeek.x - 3 <= currentPos.x) { aiVehicle.steer(0.0f); aiVehicle.accelerate(-40); } else if (pointToSeek != null && pointToSeek.x > currentPos.x) { aiVehicle.steer(-0.5f); aiVehicle.accelerate(-40); } else if (pointToSeek != null && pointToSeek.x < currentPos.x) { aiVehicle.steer(0.5f); aiVehicle.accelerate(-40); } } else if (currentState == ObjectState.Stopped) { aiVehicle.accelerate(0); aiVehicle.brake(40); } }

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  • rotate opengl mesh relative to camera

    - by shuall
    I have a cube in opengl. It's position is determined by multiplying it's specific model matrix, the view matrix, and the projection matrix and then passing that to the shader as per this tutorial (http://www.opengl-tutorial.org/beginners-tutorials/tutorial-3-matrices/). I want to rotate it relative to the camera. The only way I can think of getting the correct axis is by multiplying the inverse of the model matrix (because that's where all the previous rotations and tranforms are stored) times the view matrix times the axis of rotation (x or y). I feel like there's got to be a better way to do this like use something other than model, view and projection matrices, or maybe I'm doing something wrong. That's what all the tutorials I've seen use. PS I'm also trying to keep with opengl 4 core stuff. edit: If quaternions would fix my problems, could someone point me to a good tutorial/example for switching from 4x4 matrices to quaternions. I'm a little daunted by the task.

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  • XNA Octree with batching

    - by Alex
    I'm integrating batching in my engine. However I'm using an octree which is auto generated around my scene. Now batching renders a hole group at ones while an octree sorts out which objects that should be rendered within the camera frustum, therefore dividing the group. Batching and octree doesn't go along very well, right? Problem: The way I see it I have two options, either create batch groups based on objects who are close to one another within the octree or I can rebuild the batching matrixbuffer for the instances visible each frame. Which approach should I go with or does there exist another solution?

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  • How to do proper Alpha in XNA?

    - by Soshimo
    Okay, I've read several articles, tutorials, and questions regarding this. Most point to the same technique which doesn't solve my problem. I need the ability to create semi-transparent sprites (texture2D's really) and have them overlay another sprite. I can achieve that somewhat with the code samples I've found but I'm not satisfied with the results and I know there is a way to do this. In mobile programming (BREW) we did it old school and actually checked each pixel for transparency before rendering. In this case it seems to render the sprite below it blended with the alpha above it. This may be an artifact of how I'm rendering the texture but, as I said before, all examples point to this one technique. Before I go any further I'll go ahead and paste my example code. public void Draw(SpriteBatch batch, Camera camera, float alpha) { int tileMapWidth = Width; int tileMapHeight = Height; batch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Texture, BlendState.AlphaBlend, SamplerState.PointWrap, DepthStencilState.Default, RasterizerState.CullNone, null, camera.TransformMatrix); for (int x = 0; x < tileMapWidth; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < tileMapHeight; y++) { int tileIndex = _map[y, x]; if (tileIndex != -1) { Texture2D texture = _tileTextures[tileIndex]; batch.Draw( texture, new Rectangle( (x * Engine.TileWidth), (y * Engine.TileHeight), Engine.TileWidth, Engine.TileHeight), new Color(new Vector4(1f, 1f, 1f, alpha ))); } } } batch.End(); } As you can see, in this code I'm using the overloaded SpriteBatch.Begin method which takes, among other things, a blend state. I'm almost positive that's my problem. I don't want to BLEND the sprites, I want them to be transparent when alpha is 0. In this example I can set alpha to 0 but it still renders both tiles, with the lower z ordered sprite showing through, discolored because of the blending. This is not a desired effect, I want the higher z-ordered sprite to fade out and not effect the color beneath it in such a manner. I might be way off here as I'm fairly new to XNA development so feel free to steer me in the correct direction in the event I'm going down the wrong rabbit hole. TIA

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  • Blender 2.6: How to Merge the Pros of Meshes and Surfaces

    - by fridojet
    there are two interesting kinds of objects: Meshes and Surfaces. Each of them offers very cool features. Object Type Specific Features Nice Features of Surfaces: (for example) They're as scalable as vector graphics (really nice!) You can build winding things real simply. Nice Features of Meshes: (for example) You can build organic things really good using the Sculpt Mode and a graphic tablet. You can use some special things like Physics. My Question There are things for which Surfaces are better and things for which Meshes are better. But how can I use both the best features of Surfaces and the best features of Meshes on one object at once? For example: How can I use Physics (like on Meshes) on lossless scalable objects (like Surfaces)? Thanks.

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  • What is the correct way to implement hit detection with non-rectangular sprites?

    - by hogni89
    What is the correct way to implement hit or touch detection for non-rectangular sprites in Cocos2d? I am working on a jigsaw puzzle, so our sprites have some strange forms (jigsaw puzzle bricks). As of now, we have implemented the "detection" this way: - (void)selectSpriteForTouch:(CGPoint)touchLocation { CCSprite * newSprite = nil; // Loop array of sprites for (CCSprite *sprite in movableSprites) { // Check if sprite is hit. // TODO: Swap if with something better. if (CGRectContainsPoint(sprite.boundingBox, touchLocation)) { newSprite = sprite; break; } } if (newSprite != selSprite) { // Move along, nothing to see here // Not the problem } } - (BOOL)ccTouchBegan:(UITouch *)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { CGPoint touchLocation = [self convertTouchToNodeSpace:touch]; [self selectSpriteForTouch:touchLocation]; return TRUE; } I know that the problem is in the keyword "sprite.boundingBox". Is there a better way of implementing this, or is it a limitation when using sprites based on .png's? If so, how should I proceed?

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  • What's wrong with this OpenGL model picking code?

    - by openglNewbie
    I am making simple model viewer using OpenGL. When I want to pick an object OpenGL returns nothing or an object that is in another place. This is my code: GLuint buff[1024] = {0}; GLint hits,view[4]; glSelectBuffer(1024,buff); glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT, view); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glPushMatrix(); glLoadIdentity(); gluPickMatrix(x,y,1.0,1.0,view); gluPerspective(45,(float)view[2]/(float)view[4],1.0,1500.0); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glRenderMode(GL_SELECT); glLoadIdentity(); //I make the same transformations for normal render glTranslatef(0, 0, -zoom); glMultMatrixf(transform.M); glInitNames(); glPushName(-1); for(int j=0;j<allNodes.size();j++) { glLoadName(allNodes.at(j)->id); allNodes.at(j)->Draw(textures); } glPopName(); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glPopMatrix(); hits = glRenderMode(GL_RENDER);

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  • What are some ways of making manageable complex AI?

    - by Tetrad
    In the past I've used simple systems like finite state machines (FSMs) or hierarchical FSMs to control AI behavior. For any complex system, this pattern falls apart very quickly. I've heard about behavior trees and it seems like that's the next obvious step, but haven't seen a working implementation or really tried going down that route yet. Are there any other patterns to making manageable yet complex AI behaviors?

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  • Sprite rotation

    - by Kipras
    I'm using OpenGL and people suggest using glRotate for sprite rotation, but I find that strange. My problem with it is that it rotates the whole matrix, which sort of screws up all my collision detection and so on and so forth. Imagine I had a sprite at position (100, 100) and in position (100, 200) is an obstacle and the sprite's facing it. I rotate the sprite away from the obstacle and when move upwards my y axis, even though the projection shows like it's going away from the obstacle, the sprite will intersect it. So I don't see another way of a rotating a sprite and not screwing up all collision detection other than doing mathematical operations on the image itself. Am I right or am I missing something?

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  • AndEngine player, background and camera

    - by valdemar593
    I'm developing a 2D shooter using AndEngine. At the moment I'm trying to make the camera follow the player. As I've understood the common approach is to use the SmoothCamera zooming it and setting the chased entity. The problem is that the camera follows the player WITH background moving also (RepeatingSpriteBackground), so it looks like the player doesn't move at all though the actual position changes. So I don't really get how to make the camera follow the player and have the background not moving. Thanks in advance.

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  • Constrained A* problem

    - by Ragekit
    I've got a little problem with an A* algorithm that I need to Constrained a little bit. Basically : I use an A* to find the shortest path between 2 randomly placed room in 3D space, and then build a corridor between them. The problem I found is that sometimes it makes chimney like corridors that are not ideal, so I constrict the A* so that if the last movement was up or down, you go sideways. Everything is fine, but in some corner cases, it fails to find a path (when there is obviously one). Like here between the blue and red dot : (i'm in unity btw, but i don't think it matters) Here is the code of the actual A* (a bit long, and some redundency) while(current != goal) { //add stair up / stair down foreach(Node<GridUnit> test in current.Neighbors) { if(!test.Data.empty && test != goal) continue; //bug at arrival; if(test == goal && penul !=null) { Vector3 currentDiff = current.Data.bounds.center - test.Data.bounds.center; if(!Mathf.Approximately(currentDiff.y,0)) { //wanna drop on the last if(!coplanar(test.Data.bounds.center,current.Data.bounds.center,current.Data.parentUnit.bounds.center,to.Data.bounds.center)) { continue; } else { if(Mathf.Approximately(to.Data.bounds.center.x, current.Data.parentUnit.bounds.center.x) && Mathf.Approximately(to.Data.bounds.center.z, current.Data.parentUnit.bounds.center.z)) { continue; } } } } if(current.Data.parentUnit != null) { Vector3 previousDiff = current.Data.parentUnit.bounds.center - current.Data.bounds.center; Vector3 currentDiff = current.Data.bounds.center - test.Data.bounds.center; if(!Mathf.Approximately(previousDiff.y,0)) { if(!Mathf.Approximately(currentDiff.y,0)) { //you wanna drop now : continue; } if(current.Data.parentUnit.parentUnit != null) { if(!coplanar(test.Data.bounds.center,current.Data.bounds.center,current.Data.parentUnit.bounds.center,current.Data.parentUnit.parentUnit.bounds.center)) { continue; }else { if(Mathf.Approximately(test.Data.bounds.center.x, current.Data.parentUnit.parentUnit.bounds.center.x) && Mathf.Approximately(test.Data.bounds.center.z, current.Data.parentUnit.parentUnit.bounds.center.z)) { continue; } } } } } g = current.Data.g + HEURISTIC(current.Data,test.Data); h = HEURISTIC(test.Data,goal.Data); f = g + h; if(open.Contains(test) || closed.Contains(test)) { if(test.Data.f > f) { //found a shorter path going passing through that point test.Data.f = f; test.Data.g = g; test.Data.h = h; test.Data.parentUnit = current.Data; } } else { //jamais rencontré test.Data.f = f; test.Data.h = h; test.Data.g = g; test.Data.parentUnit = current.Data; open.Add(test); } } closed.Add (current); if(open.Count == 0) { Debug.Log("nothingfound"); //nothing more to test no path found, stay to from; List<GridUnit> r = new List<GridUnit>(); r.Add(from.Data); return r; } //sort open from small to biggest travel cost open.Sort(delegate(Node<GridUnit> x, Node<GridUnit> y) { return (int)(x.Data.f-y.Data.f); }); //get the smallest travel cost node; Node<GridUnit> smallest = open[0]; current = smallest; open.RemoveAt(0); } //build the path going backward; List<GridUnit> ret = new List<GridUnit>(); if(penul != null) { ret.Insert(0,to.Data); } GridUnit cur = goal.Data; ret.Insert(0,cur); do{ cur = cur.parentUnit; ret.Insert(0,cur); } while(cur != from.Data); return ret; You see at the start of the foreach i constrict the A* like i said. If you have any insight it would be cool. Thanks

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  • Vertex data split into separate buffers or one one structure?

    - by kiba2
    Is it better to have all vertex data in one structure like this: class MyVertex { int x,y,z; int u,v; int normalx, normaly, normalz; } Or to have each component (location, normal, texture coordinates) in separate arrays/buffers? To me it always seemed logical to keep the data grouped together in one structure because they'd always be the same for each instance of a shared vertex and that seems to be true for things like character models (ex: the normal should be an average of adjacent normals for smooth lighting). One instance where this doesn't seem to work is other kinds of meshes like say a cube where the texture coordinates for each may be the same but that causes them to be different where the vertices are shared. Does everybody normally keep them separate? Won't this make them less space efficient if there needs to be an instance of texture coordinates and normals for each triangle vertex (They won't be indexed)? Can OpenGL even handle this mixing of indexed (for location) vs non-indexed buffers in the same VBO?

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  • CUDA 4.1 Update

    - by N0xus
    I'm currently working on porting a particle system to update on the GPU via the use of CUDA. With CUDA, I've already passed over the required data I need to the GPU and allocated and copied the date via the host. When I build the project, it all runs fine, but when I run it, the project says I need to allocate my h_position pointer. This pointer is my host pointer and is meant to hold the data. I know I need to pass in the current particle position to the required cudaMemcpy call and they are currently stored in a list with a for loop being created and interated for each particle calling the following line of code: m_particleList[i].positionY = m_particleList[i].positionY - (m_particleList[i].velocity * frameTime * 0.001f); My current host side cuda code looks like this: float* h_position; // Your host pointer. This holds the data (I assume it's already filled with the data.) float* d_position; // Your device pointer, we will allocate and fill this float* d_velocity; float* d_time; int threads_per_block = 128; // You should play with this value int blocks = m_maxParticles/threads_per_block + ( (m_maxParticles%threads_per_block)?1:0 ); const int N = 10; size_t size = N * sizeof(float); cudaMalloc( (void**)&d_position, m_maxParticles * sizeof(float) ); cudaMemcpy( d_position, h_position, m_maxParticles * sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice); Both of which were / can be found inside my UpdateParticle() method. I had originally thought it would be a simple case of changing the h_position variable in the cudaMemcpy to m_particleList[i] but then I get the following error: no suitable conversion function from "ParticleSystemClass::ParticleType" to "const void *" exists I've probably messed up somewhere, but could someone please help fix the issues I'm facing. Everything else seems to running fine, it's just when I try to run the program that certain things hit the fan.

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  • Enemies don't shoot. What is wrong? [closed]

    - by Bryan
    I want that every enemy shoots independently bullets. If an enemy’s bullet left the screen, the enemy can shoot a new bullet. Not earlier. But for the moment, the enemies don't shoot. Not a single bullet. I guess their is something wrong with my Enemy class, but I can't find a bug and I get no error message. What is wrong? public class Map { Texture2D myEnemy, myBullet ; Player Player; List<Enemy> enemieslist = new List<Enemy>(); List<Bullet> bulletslist = new List<Bullet>(); float fNextEnemy = 0.0f; float fEnemyFreq = 3.0f; int fMaxEnemy = 3 ; Vector2 Startposition = new Vector2(200, 200); GraphicsDeviceManager graphicsDevice; public Map(GraphicsDeviceManager device) { graphicsDevice = device; } public void Load(ContentManager content) { myEnemy = content.Load<Texture2D>("enemy"); myBullet = content.Load<Texture2D>("bullet"); Player = new Player(graphicsDevice); Player.Load(content); } public void Update(GameTime gameTime) { Player.Update(gameTime); float delta = (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; for(int i = enemieslist.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--) { // Update Enemy Enemy enemy = enemieslist[i]; enemy.Update(gameTime, this.graphicsDevice, Player.playershape.Position, delta); // Try to remove an enemy if (enemy.Remove == true) { enemieslist.Remove(enemy); enemy.Remove = false; } } this.fNextEnemy += delta; //New enemy if (fMaxEnemy > 0) { if ((this.fNextEnemy >= fEnemyFreq) && (enemieslist.Count < 3)) { Vector2 enemyDirection = Vector2.Normalize(Player.playershape.Position - Startposition) * 100f; enemieslist.Add(new Enemy(Startposition, enemyDirection, Player.playershape.Position)); fMaxEnemy -= 1; fNextEnemy -= fEnemyFreq; } } } public void Draw(SpriteBatch batch) { Player.Draw(batch); foreach (Enemy enemies in enemieslist) { enemies.Draw(batch, myEnemy); } foreach (Bullet bullets in bulletslist) { bullets.Draw(batch, myBullet); } } } public class Enemy { List<Bullet> bulletslist = new List<Bullet>(); private float nextShot = 0; private float shotFrequency = 2.0f; Vector2 vPos; Vector2 vMove; Vector2 vPlayer; public bool Remove; public bool Shot; public Enemy(Vector2 Pos, Vector2 Move, Vector2 Player) { this.vPos = Pos; this.vMove = Move; this.vPlayer = Player; this.Remove = false; this.Shot = false; } public void Update(GameTime gameTime, GraphicsDeviceManager graphics, Vector2 PlayerPos, float delta) { nextShot += delta; for (int i = bulletslist.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--) { // Update Bullet Bullet bullets = bulletslist[i]; bullets.Update(gameTime, graphics, delta); // Try to remove a bullet... Collision, hit, or outside screen. if (bullets.Remove == true) { bulletslist.Remove(bullets); bullets.Remove = false; } } if (nextShot >= shotFrequency) { this.Shot = true; nextShot -= shotFrequency; } // Does the enemy shot? if ((Shot == true) && (bulletslist.Count < 1)) // New bullet { Vector2 bulletDirection = Vector2.Normalize(PlayerPos - this.vPos) * 200f; bulletslist.Add(new Bullet(this.vPos, bulletDirection, PlayerPos)); Shot = false; } if (!Remove) { this.vMove = Vector2.Normalize(PlayerPos - this.vPos) * 100f; this.vPos += this.vMove * delta; if (this.vPos.X > graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth + 1) { this.Remove = true; } else if (this.vPos.X < -20) { this.Remove = true; } if (this.vPos.Y > graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight + 1) { this.Remove = true; } else if (this.vPos.Y < -20) { this.Remove = true; } } } public void Draw(SpriteBatch batch, Texture2D myTexture) { if (!Remove) { batch.Draw(myTexture, this.vPos, Color.White); } } } public class Bullet { Vector2 vPos; Vector2 vMove; Vector2 vPlayer; public bool Remove; public Bullet(Vector2 Pos, Vector2 Move, Vector2 Player) { this.Remove = false; this.vPos = Pos; this.vMove = Move; this.vPlayer = Player; } public void Update(GameTime gameTime, GraphicsDeviceManager graphics, float delta) { if (!Remove) { this.vPos += this.vMove * delta; if (this.vPos.X > graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth +1) { this.Remove = true; } else if (this.vPos.X < -20) { this.Remove = true; } if (this.vPos.Y > graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight +1) { this.Remove = true; } else if (this.vPos.Y < -20) { this.Remove = true; } } } public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch, Texture2D myTexture) { if (!Remove) { spriteBatch.Draw(myTexture, this.vPos, Color.White); } } }

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