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  • Globals across modules

    - by Coder1
    Wow, this seems so basic, but I can't get it to work. All I need to do is store a global dict which can be accessed and modified from other modules & threads. What's the "best practices" way of achieving this? test.py import testmodule class MyClassA(): def __init__(self, id): self.id = id if __name__ == '__main__': global classa_dict classa_dict = {} classa_dict[1] = MyClassA(1) classa_dict[2] = MyClassA(2) testing = testmodule.TestModule() testmodule.py class TestModule(): def __init__(self): global classa_dict print classa_dict[2] output $ python test.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "test.py", line 13, in <module> testing = testmodule.TestModule() File "/path/to/project/testmodule.py", line 4, in __init__ print classa_dict[2] NameError: global name 'classa_dict' is not defined

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  • Storing task state between multiple django processes

    - by user366148
    I am building a logging-bridge between rabbitmq messages and Django application to store background task state in the database for further investigation/review, also to make it possible to re-publish tasks via the Django admin interface. I guess it's nothing fancy, just a standard Producer-Consumer pattern. Web application publishes to message queue and inserts initial task state into the database Consumer, which is a separate python process, handles the message and updates the task state depending on task output The problem is, some tasks are missing in the db and therefore never executed. I suspect it's because Consumer receives the message earlier than db commit is performed. So basically, returning from Model.save() doesn't mean the transaction has ended and the whole communication breaks. Is there any way I could fix this? Maybe some kind of post_transaction signal I could use? Thank you in advance.

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  • How to make pytest display a custom string representation for fixture parameters?

    - by Björn Pollex
    When using builtin types as fixture parameters, pytest prints out the value of the parameters in the test report. For example: @fixture(params=['hello', 'world'] def data(request): return request.param def test_something(data): pass Running this with py.test --verbose will print something like: test_example.py:7: test_something[hello] PASSED test_example.py:7: test_something[world] PASSED Note that the value of the parameter is printed in square brackets after the test name. Now, when using an object of a user-defined class as parameter, like so: class Param(object): def __init__(self, text): self.text = text @fixture(params=[Param('hello'), Param('world')] def data(request): return request.param def test_something(data): pass pytest will simply enumerate the number of values (p0, p1, etc.): test_example.py:7: test_something[p0] PASSED test_example.py:7: test_something[p1] PASSED This behavior does not change even when the user-defined class provides custom __str__ and __repr__ implementations. Is there any way to make pytest display something more useful than just p0 here? I am using pytest 2.5.2 on Python 2.7.6 on Windows 7.

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  • mutliprocessing.Pool.add_sync() eating up memory

    - by Austin
    I want to use multithreading to make my script faster... I'm still new to this. The Python doc assumes you already understand threading and what-not. So... I have code that looks like this from itertools import izip from multiprocessing import Pool p = Pool() for i, j in izip(hugeseta, hugesetb): p.apply_async(number_crunching, (i, j)) Which gives me great speed! However, hugeseta and hugesetb are really huge. Pool keeps all of the _i_s and _j_s in memory after they've finished their job (basically, print output to stdout). Is there any to del i, and j after they complete?

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  • How to get data from a incoming email and then copy data to some directory

    - by Zegnhabi
    First of all, I have some time reading this page and I find very interesting, the content also has many questions and are very entertaining. My question is about handling my incoming mail server, no matter if you use PHP, Perl, or Python. I do not care, what if I want is the result which should be as close to: I send an email to [email protected], this post will add a case such as photos, then when the mail reaches the server, the server takes to process mail and copy the attached files, in this case the photos to a folder / home / public_html / photos and then, if possible notify you if it was successful or not. In advance thank you very much. And I hope and can be done. ñ_ñ

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  • which language to choose for a LIVE web application?

    - by fayer
    i want to create not only a web application, but a web application where everything is LIVE. eg. if someone posts a message and then another one replies, then the creator will get on his webpage a notification. and also i want to implement a chat in the web application. i want these features to be implemented using true server-push (no javascript polling)! because i only want to create web applications i don't think i will use java. i wonder if i should use python, ruby or php for this? thanks

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  • IDL-like parser that turns a document definition into powerful classes?

    - by paniq
    I am looking for an IDL-like (or whatever) translator which turns a DOM- or JSON-like document definition into classes which are accessible from both C++ and Python, within the same application expose document properties as ints, floats, strings, binary blobs and compounds: array, string dict (both nestable) (basically the JSON type feature set) allow changes to be tracked to refresh views of an editing UI provide a change history to enable undo/redo operations can be serialized to and from JSON (can also be some kind of binary format) allow to keep large data chunks on disk, with parts only loaded on demand provide non-blocking thread-safe read/write access to exchange data with realtime threads allow multiple editors in different processes (or even on different machines) to view and modify the document The thing that comes closest so far is the Blender 2.5 DNA/RNA system, but it's not available as a separate library, and badly documented. I'm most of all trying to make sure that such a lib does not exist yet, so I know my time is not wasted when I start to design and write such a thing. It's supposed to provide a great foundation to write editing UI components.

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  • AppEngine and Django: including a template file

    - by PythonPower
    As the title suggests, I'm using Google App Engine and Django. I have quite a bit of identical code across my templates and would like to reduce this by including template files. So, in my main application directory I have the python handler file, the main template, and the template I want to include in my main template. I would have thought that including {% include "fileToInclude.html" %} would work on its own but that simply doesn't include anything. I assume I have to set something up, maybe using TEMPLATE_DIRS, but can't figure it out on my own. EDIT: I've tried: TEMPLATE_DIRS = (os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'templates'), ) But to no avail. I'll try some other possibilities too.

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  • Are there libraries or techniques for collecting and weighing keywords from a block of text?

    - by Soviut
    I have a field in my database that can contain large blocks of text. I need to make this searchable but don't have the ability to use full text searching. Instead, on update, I want my business layer to process the block of text and extract keywords from it which I can save as searchable metadata. Ideally, these keywords could then be weighed based on the number of times they appear in the block of text. Naturally, words like "the", "and", "of", etc. should be discarded as they just add a lot of noise to the search. Are there tools or libraries in Python that can do this filtering or should I roll my own?

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  • making a programming language

    - by None
    I was wondering which way would create a faster programming language, because I have tried both. Writing code that takes the text, splits it by whitespace or newlines or something, then processes each line and has a dictionary for variables. Or writing code that takes text and converts it to another programming language. This is an example of how a very simple version of the first way would be programmed in python: def run(code): text = code.split(";") for t in text: if t == "hello": print "hi" second: def run(code): rcode = "" text = code.split(";") for t in text: if t == "hello": rcode += "print 'hi'"

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  • How can I evaluate variable to another variable before assigning?

    - by HH
    #!/usr/bin/python # # Description: trying to evaluate array -value to variable before assignment # but it overwrites the variable # # How can I evaluate before assigning on the line 16? #Initialization, dummy code? x=0 y=0 variables = [x, y] data = ['2,3,4', '5,5,6'] # variables[0] should be evaluted to `x` here, i.e. x = data[0], how? variables[0] = data[0] if ( variables[0] != x ): print("It does not work, why?"); else: print("It works!");

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  • How to load a database of countries in a web application

    - by lance_klusener
    Hello All, I am new to web application development, so sorry in advance if this question is too basic. The following are the details of the question: A] Platform being used -- google app engine with python, django. B] Tutorial link being used -- http://code.google.com/appengine/articles/djangoforms.html C] Question: In the application i am building, there is a drop down box which allows the user to select their country. Since the list of countries is above 200, i want to construct a database of the countries before the application loads. Once this application is deployed, i dont want the database to get re-loaded again, since the entries are constant for all the users. How does one achieve this ? thanks, Lance.

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  • show() doesn't redraw anymore

    - by Abruzzo Forte e Gentile
    Hi All I am working in linux and I don't know why using python and matplotlib commands draws me only once the chart I want. The first time I call show() the plot is drawn, wihtout any problem, but not the second time and the following. I close the window showing the chart between the two calls. Do you know why and hot to fix it? Thanks AFG from numpy import * from pylab import * data = array( [ 1,2,3,4,5] ) plot(data) [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x90c98ac>] show() # this call shows me a plot #..now I close the window... data = array( [ 1,2,3,4,5,6] ) plot(data) [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x92dafec>] show() # this one doesn't shows me anything

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  • NoneType has no attribute Append

    - by Rosarch
    I'm new to Python. I can't understand why a variable is None at a certain point in my code: class UsersInRoom(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): room_id = self.request.get("room_id") username = self.request.get("username") UserInRoom_entities = UserInRoom.gql("WHERE room = :1", room_id).get() if UserInRoom_entities: for user_in_room in UserInRoom_entities: if user_in_room.username == username: user_in_room.put() # last_poll auto updates to now whenenever user_in_room is saved else: user_in_room = UserInRoom() user_in_room.username = username user_in_room.put() UserInRoom_entities = [] UserInRoom_entities.append(user_in_room) // error here # name is `user_at_room` intead of `user_in_room` to avoid confusion usernames = [user_at_room.username for user_at_room in UserInRoom_entities] self.response.out.write(json.dumps(usernames)) The error is: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\webapp\__init__.py", line 507, in __call__ handler.get(*groups) File "path\to\chat.py", line 160, in get AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'append' How is this possible? I'm setting UserInRoom_entities = [] immediately before that call. Or is something else the None in question?

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  • super(type,subclass) in simple singleton implementation

    - by Tianchen Wu
    when I was implementing naive singleton in python, I came up with a problem with super key word. As usual the behavior of super is always tricky and buggy, hope someone can shed light on it. Thanks :) The problem is that: class Singleton(object): def __new__(cls,*args,**kw): if not hasattr(cls,'_instance'): #create a instance of type cls, origin=super(Singleton,Singleton).__new__(cls,*args,**kw) cls._instance=origin return cls._instance class B(Singleton): def __init__(self,b): self.b=b It actually works, but I am wondering Will it be better if I change line 5 to the below, like in most of the books? origin=super(Singleton,cls).__new__(cls,*args,**ks) what's the difference to make?

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  • symlink files newer than X age, then later remove symlink once file ages?

    - by bleomycin
    Hello everyone, i have a large number of files/folders coming in each day that are being sorted automatically to a wide variety of folders. I'm looking for a way to automatically find these files/folders and create symlinks to them all within an "incoming" folder. Searching for file age should be sufficient for finding the files, however searching for age and owner would be ideal. Then once the files/folders being linked to reach a certain age, say 5 days, remove the symlinks to them automatically from the "incoming" folder. Is this possible to do with a simple shell or python script that can be run with cron? Thanks!

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  • How to control utf-8 string paddings

    - by Kev
    I got three UTF-8 stings: hello, world hello, ?? hello, ?rld I only want the first 10 chars so that the bracket in one column: [hello, wor] [hello, ? ] [hello, ?r] In console: width('??')==width('worl') width('? ')==width('wor') #a white space behind '?' python's format() doesn't help when UTF-8 chars mixed in >>> for s in ['[{0:<{1}.{1}}]'.format(s, 10) for s in ['hello, world', 'hello, ??', 'hello, ?rld']]: ... print(s) ... [hello, wor] [hello, ?? ] [hello, ?rl] So, I wonder if there is a standard way to do the UTF-8 padding staff?

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  • create temporary table from cursor

    - by Claudiu
    Is there any way, in PostgreSQL accessed from Python using SQLObject, to create a temporary table from the results of a cursor? Previously, I had a query, and I created the temporary table directly from the query. I then had many other queries interacting w/ that temporary table. Now I have much more data, so I want to only process 1000 rows at a time or so. However, I can't do CREATE TEMP TABLE ... AS ... from a cursor, not as far as I can see. Is the only thing to do something like: rows = cur.fetchmany(1000); cur2 = conn.cursor() cur2.execute("""CREATE TEMP TABLE foobar (id INTEGER)""") for row in rows: cur2.execute("""INSERT INTO foobar (%d)""" % row) or is there a better way? This seems awfully inefficient.

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  • Create unique file name and fetching it to commandline argument

    - by user343934
    Hi everyone, I am working on python right now and i am little bit stuck in performing some tricks. I have web form with two options- File upload and textarea, i can easily pass file name with file upload options but have problem when it's textarea. Because when i use textarea then first i have to save values passed from textarea to some files and save it on the working directory. After that i can execute commandline argument and pass same saved filename name. For this problem i have to generate unique file first and save the values passed from textarea in it. Can anybody give me some tips to solve my problem. Any algorithms, suggestions and lines of code are appreciated. Thanks for your concern

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  • matplotlib plot window won't appear

    - by user1518837
    I'm using Python 2.7.3 in 64-bit. I installed pandas as well as matplotlib 1.1.1, both for 64-bit. Right now, none of my plots are showing. After attempting to plot from several different dataframes, I gave up in frustration and tried the following first example from http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/visualization.html: INPUT: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt ts = Series(randn(1000), index=date_range ('1/1/2000', periods=1000)) ts = ts.cumsum() ts.plot() pylab.show() OUTPUT: Axes(0.125,0.1;0.775x0.8) And no plot window appeared. Other StackOverflow threads I've read suggested I might be missing DLLs. Any suggestions?

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  • Adding a method to a function object at runtime

    - by Carson Myers
    I read a question earlier asking if there was a times method in Python, that would allow a function to be called n times in a row. Everyone suggested for _ in range(n): foo() but I wanted to try and code a different solution using a function decorator. Here's what I have: def times(self, n, *args, **kwargs): for _ in range(n): self.__call__(*args, **kwargs) import new def repeatable(func): func.times = new.instancemethod(times, func, func.__class__) @repeatable def threeArgs(one, two, three): print one, two, three threeArgs.times(7, "one", two="rawr", three="foo") When I run the program, I get the following exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 244, in run_nodebug File "C:\py\repeatable.py", line 24, in threeArgs.times(7, "one", two="rawr", three="foo") AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'times' So I suppose the decorator didn't work? How can I fix this?

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  • sqlite3.OperationalError

    - by fixxxer
    Hi, The "python manage.py syncdb" command is giving me the following error: sqlite3.OperationalError: unable to open database file I'm following the step by step instructions in Practical Django Projects, so I think this has to do something with the Windows Operating system acting quirky! Things I've checkde: 1.The path is updated in settings.py is absolutely correcto! 2. Path is : C:\Documents and Settings\fixavier\Desktop\Django\Database\cms\cms.txt So the entire folder - Database, has sharing and security permissions. I'm pretty much at the bottom of the ocean for not being able to follow and successfully execute simple instructions, so could you please help me out here!

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  • Can't remove first node in linked list

    - by carlmonday
    I'm trying to make a linked list class in python (pointless I know, but it's a learning exercise), and the method I have written to remove a node doesn't work if I try to remove the first element of the linked list. If the node to be removed is anywhere else in the linked list the method works fine. Can someone give me some insight as to where I've gone wrong? Here's my code thus far: class Node: def __init__(self, data=None, next=None): self.data = data self.next = next def __repr__(self): return repr(self.data) def printNodes(self): while self: print self.data self = self.next def removeNode(self, datum): """removes node from linked list""" if self.data == datum: return self.next while self.next: if self.next.data == datum: self.next = self.next.next return self self = self.next

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  • Django: Why Doesn't the Current URL Match any Patterns in urls.py

    - by austin_sherron
    I've found a few questions here related to my issue, but I haven't found anything that has helped me resolve my issue. I'm using Python 2.7.5 and Django 1.8.dev20140627143448. I have a view that's interacting with my database to delete objects, and it takes two arguments in addition to a request: def delete_data_item(request, dataclass_id, dataitem_id): form = AddDataItemForm(request.POST) data_set = get_object_or_404(DataClass, pk=dataclass_id) context = {'data_set': data_set, 'form': form} data_item = get_object_or_404(DataItem, pk=dataitem_id) data_item.delete() data_set.save() return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('detail', args=(dataclass_id,))) The URL in myapp.urls.py looks something like this: url(r'^(?P<dataclass_id>[0-9]+)/(?P<dataitem_id>[0-9]+)/delete_data_item/$', views.delete_data_item, name='delete_data_item') and the portion of my template relevant to the view is: <a href="{% url 'delete_data_item' data_set.id data_item.id %}">DELETE</a> Whenever I click on the DELETE link, django tells me that the request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/myapp/5/%7B%%20url%20'delete_data_item'%20data_set.id%20data_item.id%20%%7D doesn't match any of my URL patterns. What am I missing? The URL on which the DELETE links exist is myapp/(<dataclass_id>[0-9]+)/

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  • Need help specifying a ending while condition

    - by johnthexiii
    I have written a Python script to download all of the xkcd comic images. The only problem is I can't tell it to stop when it gets to the last one... Here is what I have so far. import re, mechanize from urllib import urlretrieve from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup as bs baseUrl = "http://xkcd.com/1/" #Specify the first comic page br = mechanize.Browser() #Create a browser response = br.open(baseUrl) #Create an initial response x = 1 #Assign an initial file name while (SomeCondition): soup = bs(response.get_data()) #Create an instance of bs that contains the response data img = soup.findAll('img')[1] #Get the online file path of the image localFile = "C:\\Comics\\xkcd\\" + str(x) + ".jpg" #Come up with a local file name urlretrieve(img["src"], localFile) #Download the image file response = br.follow_link(text = "Next >") #Store the response of the next button x += 1 #Increase x by 1 print "All xkcd comics downloaded" #Let the user know the images have been downloaded Initially what I had was something like while br.follow_link(text = "Next >") != br.follow_link(text = ">|"): but by doing this I actually send skip to the last page before the script has a chance to perform the intended purpose.

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