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• What does the q in a q-grammar stand for?

  - by Aru

  So I've been reading sites and the classic books on compilers, reading about s-grammar and q-grammars I wondered what the s and q stand for, I think the s stands for simple grammar. While the q...well, I have no idea. What does the q in a q-grammar stand for?

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• efficacy of register allocation algorithms!

  - by aksci

  i'm trying to do a research/project on register allocation using graph coloring where i am to test the efficiency of different optimizing register allocation algorithms in different scenarios. how do i start? what are the prerequisites and the grounds with which i can test them. what all algos can i use? thank you!

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• MinGW and "declaration does not declare anything"

  - by Bob Somers

  I'm working on converting a Linux project of mine to compile on Windows using MinGW. It compiles and runs just fine on Linux, but when I attempt to compile it with MinGW it bombs out with the following error message: camera.h:11: error: declaration does not declare anything camera.h:12: error: declaration does not declare anything I'm kind of baffled why this is happening, because I'm using the same version of g++ (4.4) on both Linux and Windows (via MinGW). The contents of camera.h is absurdly simple. Here's the code. It's choking on lines 11 and 12 where float near; and float far; are defined. #include "Vector.h" #ifndef _CAMERA_H_ #define _CAMERA_H_ class Camera{ public: Vector eye; Vector lookAt; float fov; float near; float far; }; #endif Thanks for your help.

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• How to intercept, parse and compile?

  - by epitka

  This is a problem I've been struggling to solve for a while. I need a way to either replace code in the method with a parsed code from the template at compile time (PostSharp comes to mind) or to create a dynamic proxy (Linfu or Castle). So given a source code like this [Template] private string GetSomething() { var template = [%=Customer.Name%] } I need it to be compiled into this private string GetSomething() { MemoryStream mStream = new MemoryStream(); StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(mStream,System.Text.Encoding.UTF8); writer.Write(@"" ); writer.Write(Customer.Name); StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(mStream); writer.Flush(); mStream.Position = 0; return sr.ReadToEnd(); } It is not important what technology is used. I tried with PostSharp's ImplementMethodAspect but got nowhere (due to lack of experience with it). I also looked into Linfu framework. Can somebody suggest some other approach or way to do this, I would really appreciate. My whole project depends on this.

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• Float compile-time calculation not happening?

  - by Klaim

  A little test program: #include <iostream> const float TEST_FLOAT = 1/60; const float TEST_A = 1; const float TEST_B = 60; const float TEST_C = TEST_A / TEST_B; int main() { std::cout << TEST_FLOAT << std::endl; std::cout << TEST_C << std::endl; std::cin.ignore(); return 0; } Result : 0 0.0166667 Tested on Visual Studio 2008 & 2010. I worked on other compilers that, if I remember well, made the first result like the second result. Now my memory could be wrong, but shouldn't TEST_FLOAT have the same value than TEST_C? If not, why? Is TEST_C value resolved at compile time or at runtime? I always assumed the former but now that I see those results I have some doubts...

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• Are Fortran control characters (carriage control) still implemented in compilers?

  - by CmdrGuard

  In the book Fortran 95/2003 for Scientists and Engineers, there is much talk given to the importance of recognizing that the first column in a format statement is reserved for control characters. I've also seen control characters referred to as carriage control on the internet. To avoid confusion, by control characters, I refer to the characters "1, a blank (i.e. \s), 0, and +" as having an effect on the vertical spacing of output when placed in the first column (character) of a FORMAT statement. Also, see this text-only web page written entirely in fixed-width typeface : Fortran carriage-control (because nothing screams accuracy and antiquity better than prose in monospaced font). I found this page and others like it to be not quite clear. According to Fortran 95/2003 for Scientists and Engineers, failure to recall that the first column is reserved for carriage control can lead to horrible unintended output. Paraphrasing Dave Barry, type the wrong character, and nuclear missiles get fired at Norway. However, when I attempt to adhere to this stern warning, I find that gfortran has no idea what I'm talking about. Allow me to illustrate my point with some example code. I am trying to print out the number Pi: PROGRAM test_format IMPLICIT NONE REAL :: PI = 2 * ACOS(0.0) WRITE (*, 100) PI WRITE (*, 200) PI WRITE (*, 300) PI 100 FORMAT ('1', "New page: ", F11.9) 200 FORMAT (' ', "Single Space: ", F11.9) 300 FORMAT ('0', "Double Space: ", F11.9) END PROGRAM test_format This is the output: 1New page: 3.141592741 Single Space: 3.141592741 0Double Space: 3.141592741 The "1" and "0" are not typos. It appears that gfortran is completely ignoring the control character column. My question, then, is this: Are control characters still implemented in standards compliant compilers or is gfortran simply not standards compliant? For clarity, here is the output of my gfortran -v Using built-in specs. Target: powerpc-apple-darwin9 Configured with: ../gcc-4.4.0/configure --prefix=/sw --prefix=/sw/lib/gcc4.4 --mandir=/sw/share/man --infodir=/sw/share/info --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,java --with-gmp=/sw --with-libiconv-prefix=/sw --with-ppl=/sw --with-cloog=/sw --with-system-zlib --x-includes=/usr/X11R6/include --x-libraries=/usr/X11R6/lib --disable-libjava-multilib --build=powerpc-apple-darwin9 --host=powerpc-apple-darwin9 --target=powerpc-apple-darwin9 Thread model: posix gcc version 4.4.0 (GCC)

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• How to return all aspnet_compiler errors (not just those in first directory)

  - by Dan Atkinson

  Hi there! Is there a way to get the aspnet_compiler to go through all views and return all errors, rather than just the errors in the current view directory? For example, lets say I have a project that has a bunch of folders... Views Folder1 Folder2 Folder3 Folder4 Two of them (Folder2 and Folder3) have errors. aspnet_compiler will run, and only return the errors it comes across in Folder2. It won't return those in Folder3 at the same time. Once I fix the errors in Folder2 and run it again, it'll then pick up the ones in the Folder3. I fix those. And then have to run the tool again, and again until it's all fixed. This is getting annoying!! For reference, here's the command I use: C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\aspnet_compiler -v / -p "C:\path\to\project" Thanks in advance!

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• Error C2491 on C source with Visual studio 8

  - by Tobia

  i'm really noob in C. I just need to compile a ANSI C source to get a dll. During compilation i get this error: C2491: 'SelectML': definition of dllimport function not allowed Where SelectML is a public function with this definition: int CALLINGCONV SelectML(WORD fid, int nSlot) { WORD SW; int x; BYTE pSend[2]; pSend[0]=(BYTE)((fid&0xff00)>>8); pSend[1]=(BYTE)(fid&0x00ff); x=SendAPDUML(hCards[nSlot],APDU_SELECT,2,0,pSend,0,&SW); if (x!=C_OK) return x; if (SW!=0x9000) return SW; return C_OK; } I'm sure the C source is good, maybe it is just a Visual Studio configuration...

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• error with gtkmm 3 in ubuntu 12.04

  - by Grohiik

  i install libgtkmm-3.0-dev in ubuntu 12.04 and i try to learn and write program with c++ and gtkmm 3 i go to this link "http://developer.gnome.org/gtkmm-tutorial/unstable/sec-basics-simple-example.html.en" and try to compile simple example program : #include <gtkmm.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::Application> app = Gtk::Application::create(argc, argv, "org.gtkmm.examples.base"); Gtk::ApplicationWindow window; return app->run(window); } my file name is "basic.cc" and i open terminal and type following command to compile: g++ basic.cc -o basic `pkg-config gtkmm-3.0 --cflags --libs` compile completed without any error but when i try to run program with type ./basic in terminal i get following error : ~$ ./simple ./simple: symbol lookup error: ./simple: undefined symbol:_ZN3Gtk11Application6createERiRPPcRKN4Glib7ustringEN3Gio16ApplicationFlagsE ~$ how can i solve this problem ? i can cimpile any gtkmm 2.4 code with this command : " g++ basic.cc -o basic pkg-config gtkmm-3.0 --cflags --libs " and this command : " g++ basic.cc -o basic pkg-config gtkmm-2.4 --cflags --libs " thanks

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• What does "error: invalid function declaration" mean?

  - by Walter Nissen

  With GCC 4.1.2, I get the error tmp.cpp:8: error: invalid function declaration for the following code namespace edit { class A { public: void foo( ); }; } void edit:A::foo( ) { }

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• How to deal with alias registers in data-flow analysis using SSA form? (e.g. EAX/AX/AH/AL in x86)

  - by forgot

  For exmaple: How to represent the following x86 in SSA form: xor eax, eax inc ax

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• Problem compiling c++ in CodeGear

  - by Carlos

  I have written a C++ program for a University assignment. I used Netbeans 6.8 running on my Mac and the code runs smoothly, no warnings, errors or problems/bugs. However when compiling and running on a Windows computer using CodeGear RAD Studio 2009 (C++ Builder) am getting several errors. [BCC32 Error] main.cpp(51): E2094 'operator<<' not implemented in type 'ostream' for arguments of type 'string' [BCC32 Error] main.cpp(62): E2093 'operator==' not implemented in type 'string' for arguments of the same type [BCC32 Error] main.cpp(67): E2093 'operator==' not implemented in type 'string' for arguments of the same type [BCC32 Error] main.cpp(112): E2093 'operator==' not implemented in type 'string' for arguments of the same type [BCC32 Error] main.cpp(121): E2094 'operator<<' not implemented in type 'ostream' for arguments of type 'string' [BCC32 Error] main.cpp(130): E2093 'operator==' not implemented in type 'string' for arguments of the same type [BCC32 Error] main.cpp(133): E2094 'operator<<' not implemented in type 'ostream' for arguments of type 'string' [BCC32 Error] main.cpp(139): E2094 'operator<<' not implemented in type 'ostream' for arguments of type 'string' [BCC32 Error] main.cpp(153): E2094 'operator<<' not implemented in type 'fstream' for arguments of type 'string' [BCC32 Error] main.cpp(199): E2094 'operator>>' not implemented in type 'fstream' for arguments of type 'string' [BCC32 Error] main.cpp(219): E2094 'operator>>' not implemented in type 'istream' for arguments of type 'string' [BCC32 Error] main.cpp(231): E2094 'operator>>' not implemented in type 'istream' for arguments of type 'string' [BCC32 Error] main.cpp(240): E2094 'operator>>' not implemented in type 'istream' for arguments of type 'string' [BCC32 Error] main.cpp(262): E2094 'operator>>' not implemented in type 'istream' for arguments of type 'string' [BCC32 Error] main.cpp(264): E2094 'operator>>' not implemented in type 'istream' for arguments of type 'string' These are the header files am using #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <cmath> #include <stdio> #include <windows> //I added this one just to check and still does not work (I didnt have it on Netbeans/Mac) using namespace std; Any ideas what is producing the errors and how can I fix it?

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• Compilation error on a user control

  - by MikeP

  I'm stumped! We have a user control for managing account information. We use this particular control on two pages. On one page, everything works perfectly and meets our expectation. On the second page however we receive compilation errors stating that: "C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\lrpcentral\0e987bea\6719c8b6\App_Web_PageThatFails.aspx.f3d462c1.oi52bvii.0.cs(172): error CS0433: The type 'xxxx_ascx' exists in both 'c:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\APPLICATIONNAME\0e987bea\6719c8b6\App_Web_xxxx.ascx.cdcab7d2.xbnvt2za.dll' and 'c:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\APPLICATIONNAME\0e987bea\6719c8b6\App_Web_eix7xllr.dll' My problem is similar to Cyril's but the "delete everything from Temp" is not an option for me, and Cyril's solution does not apply since the only variable we have is contained in the designer file, which is not deployed to our production environment (we pre-compile). After reading David's answer (here) I examined my directories for circular dependency and was unable to find any. Structure: Top Level Page that works Control Directory A Page that causes the error

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• How do tools like Hiphop for PHP deal with heterogenous arrays?

  - by Derek Thurn

  I think HipHop for PHP is an interesting tool. It essentially converts PHP code into C++ code. Cross compiling in this manner seems like a great idea, but I have to wonder, how do they overcome the fundamental differences between the two type systems? One specific example of my general question is heterogeneous data structures. Statically typed languages don't tend to let you put arbitrary types into an array or other container because they need to be able to figure out the types on the other end. If I have a PHP array like this: $mixedBag = array("cat", 42, 8.5, false); How can this be represented in C++ code? One option would be to use void pointers (or the superior version, boost::any), but then you need to cast when you take stuff back out of the array... and I'm not at all convinced that the type inferencer can always figure out what to cast to at the other end. A better option, perhaps, would be something more like a union (or boost::variant), but then you need to enumerate all possible types at compile time... maybe possible, but certainly messy since arrays can contain arbitrarily complex entities. Does anyone know how HipHop and similar tools which go from a dynamic typing discipline to a static discipline handle these types of problems?

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• C++ defines for a 'better' Release mode build in VS

  - by darid

  I currently use the following preprocessor defines, and various optimization settings: WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN VC_EXTRALEAN NOMINMAX _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS _SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS _SECURE_SCL=0 _HAS_ITERATOR_DEBUGGING=0 My question is what other things do fellow SOers use, add, define, in order to get a Release Mode build from VS C++ (2008,2010) to be as performant as possible? btw, I've tried PGO etc, it does help a bit but nothing that comes to parity, also I'm not using streams, the C++ i'm talking about its more like C but making use of templates and STL algorithms. As it stands now very simple code segments flop when compared to what GCC produces on say an equivalent x86 machine running linux (2.6+ kernel) using 02. Side-Note: I believe a lot of the issues relate directly to the STL version (Dinkum) provided by MS. Could people please elaborate on experiences using STLPort etc with VS C++.

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• Forward declaration of derived inner class

  - by Loom

  I ran into problem implementing some variations of factory method. // from IFoo.h struct IFoo { struct IBar { virtual ~IBar() = 0; virtual void someMethod() = 0; }; virtual IBar *createBar() = 0; }; // from Foo.h struct Foo : IFoo { // implementation of Foo, Bar in Foo.cpp struct Bar : IBar { virtual ~Bar(); virtual void someMethod(); }; virtual Bar *createBar(); // implemented in Foo.cpp }; I'd like to place declaration of Foo::Bar in Foo.cpp. For now I cannot succeed: struct Foo : IFoo { //struct Bar; //1. error: invalid covariant return type // for ‘virtual Foo::Bar* //struct Bar : IBar; //2. error: expected ‘{’ before ‘;’ token virtual Bar *createBar(); // virtual IBar *createBar(); // Is not acceptable by-design }; Is there a trick to have just forward declaration of Boo in Foo.hpp and to have full declaration in Foo.cpp?

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• Optional Argument: compile time constant issue

  - by Jack

  Why is this working: public int DoesEmailAddressExistsExcludingEmailAddressID( string emailAddress, string invitationCode, int emailAddressID = 0, int For = (int) Enums.FOR.AC) whereas this doesn't public int DoesEmailAddressExistsExcludingEmailAddressID( string emailAddress, string invitationCode, int emailAddressID = 0, int For = Enums.FOR.AC.GetHashCode()) where AC is enum. Can enums's hashcode change at runtime?

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• lexical analysis gives only one output?

  - by Caffè

  I tested this example(lexe.java), but it gave me only one output. I gave this text as a reader: public class LexeTest{ private int a = 14; } And the nextToken() function is : public Category nextToken () { if (inp.findWithinHorizon (tokenPat, 0) == null) return Category.EOF; else { lastLexeme = inp.match ().group (0); if (inp.match ().start (1) != -1) return nextToken (); else if (inp.match ().start (2) != -1) return Category.IDENT; else if (inp.match ().start (3) != -1) return Category.NUMERAL; Category result = tokenMap.get (lastLexeme); if (result == null) return Category.ERROR; else return result; } } Isdie the main method: System.out.println(lexeObject.nextToken()); output is : IDENT Why? but the textfile contains multiple keywords? Anyone know what's the problem?

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• Project management: Implementing custom errors in VS compilation process

  - by David Lively

  Like many architects, I've developed coding standards through years of experience to which I expect my developers to adhere. This is especially a problem with the crowd that believes that three or four years of experience makes you a senior-level developer.Approaching this as a training and code review issue has generated limited success. So, I was thinking that it would be great to be able to add custom compile-time errors to the build process to more strictly enforce this and other guidelines. For instance, we use stored procedures for ALL database access, which provides procedure-level security, db encapsulation (table structure is hidden from the app), and other benefits. (Note: I am not interested in starting a debate about this.) Some developers prefer inline SQL or parametrized queries, and that's fine - on their own time and own projects. I'd like a way to add a compilation check that finds, say, anything that looks like string sql = "insert into some_table (col1,col2) values (@col1, @col2);" and generates an error or, in certain circumstances, a warning, with a message like Inline SQL and parametrized queries are not permitted. Or, if they use the var keyword var x = new MyClass(); Variable definitions must be explicitly typed. Do Visual Studio and MSBuild provide a way to add this functionality? I'm thinking that I could use a regular expression to find unacceptable code and generate the correct error, but I'm not sure what, from a performance standpoint, is the best way to to integrate this into the build process. We could add a pre- or post-build step to run a custom EXE, but how can I return line- and file-specifc errors? Also, I'd like this to run after compilation of each file, rather than post-link. Is a regex the best way to perform this type of pattern matching, or should I go crazy and run the code through a C# parser, which would allow node-level validation via the parse tree? I'd appreciate suggestions and tales of prior experience.

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• C# - Cannot implicitly convert type List<Product> to List<IProduct>

  - by Keith Barrows

  I have a project with all my Interface definitions: RivWorks.Interfaces I have a project where I define concrete implmentations: RivWorks.DTO I've done this hundreds of times before but for some reason I am getting this error now: Cannot implicitly convert type 'System.Collections.Generic.List<RivWorks.DTO.Product>' to 'System.Collections.Generic.List<RivWorks.Interfaces.DataContracts.IProduct>' Interface definition (shortened): namespace RivWorks.Interfaces.DataContracts { public interface IProduct { [XmlElement] [DataMember(Name = "ID", Order = 0)] Guid ProductID { get; set; } [XmlElement] [DataMember(Name = "altID", Order = 1)] long alternateProductID { get; set; } [XmlElement] [DataMember(Name = "CompanyId", Order = 2)] Guid CompanyId { get; set; } ... } } Concrete class definition (shortened): namespace RivWorks.DTO { [DataContract(Name = "Product", Namespace = "http://rivworks.com/DataContracts/2009/01/15")] public class Product : IProduct { #region Constructors public Product() { } public Product(Guid ProductID) { Initialize(ProductID); } public Product(string SKU, Guid CompanyID) { using (RivEntities _dbRiv = new RivWorksStore(stores.RivConnString).NegotiationEntities()) { model.Product rivProduct = _dbRiv.Product.Where(a => a.SKU == SKU && a.Company.CompanyId == CompanyID).FirstOrDefault(); if (rivProduct != null) Initialize(rivProduct.ProductId); } } #endregion #region Private Methods private void Initialize(Guid ProductID) { using (RivEntities _dbRiv = new RivWorksStore(stores.RivConnString).NegotiationEntities()) { var localProduct = _dbRiv.Product.Include("Company").Where(a => a.ProductId == ProductID).FirstOrDefault(); if (localProduct != null) { var companyDetails = _dbRiv.vwCompanyDetails.Where(a => a.CompanyId == localProduct.Company.CompanyId).FirstOrDefault(); if (companyDetails != null) { if (localProduct.alternateProductID != null && localProduct.alternateProductID > 0) { using (FeedsEntities _dbFeed = new FeedStoreReadOnly(stores.FeedConnString).ReadOnlyEntities()) { var feedProduct = _dbFeed.AutoWithImage.Where(a => a.ClientID == companyDetails.ClientID && a.AutoID == localProduct.alternateProductID).FirstOrDefault(); if (companyDetails.useZeroGspPath.Value || feedProduct.GuaranteedSalePrice > 0) // kab: 2010.04.07 - new rules... PopulateProduct(feedProduct, localProduct, companyDetails); } } else { if (companyDetails.useZeroGspPath.Value || localProduct.LowestPrice > 0) // kab: 2010.04.07 - new rules... PopulateProduct(localProduct, companyDetails); } } } } } private void PopulateProduct(RivWorks.Model.Entities.Product product, RivWorks.Model.Entities.vwCompanyDetails RivCompany) { this.ProductID = product.ProductId; if (product.alternateProductID != null) this.alternateProductID = product.alternateProductID.Value; this.BackgroundColor = product.BackgroundColor; ... } private void PopulateProduct(RivWorks.Model.Entities.AutoWithImage feedProduct, RivWorks.Model.Entities.Product rivProduct, RivWorks.Model.Entities.vwCompanyDetails RivCompany) { this.alternateProductID = feedProduct.AutoID; this.BackgroundColor = Helpers.Product.GetCorrectValue(RivCompany.defaultBackgroundColor, rivProduct.BackgroundColor); ... } #endregion #region IProduct Members public Guid ProductID { get; set; } public long alternateProductID { get; set; } public Guid CompanyId { get; set; } ... #endregion } } In another class I have: using dto = RivWorks.DTO; using contracts = RivWorks.Interfaces.DataContracts; ... public static List<contracts.IProduct> Get(Guid companyID) { List<contracts.IProduct> myList = new List<dto.Product>(); ... Any ideas why this might be happening? (And I am sure it is something trivially simple!)

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• What is everything involved from typing in code to executing a program?

  - by Befall

  I realized, when just asking a question, I don't understand all the components that are part of the coding process. This seems a silly question, but I can't find a definitive answer on Google, Wiki, nothing. What exactly are all the parts called, and how do they work and intertwine? I'm talking whatever you type code into, whatever checks that for errors, compiles it, and runs it. I'd appreciate any links, repeats, etc. I apologize for such a bland, stupid question.

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• MinGW and "delcaration does not declare anything"

  - by Bob Somers

  I'm working on converting a Linux project of mine to compile on Windows using MinGW. It compiles and runs just fine on Linux, but when I attempt to compile it with MinGW it bombs out with the following error message: camera.h:11: error: declaration does not declare anything camera.h:12: error: declaration does not declare anything I'm kind of baffled why this is happening, because I'm using the same version of g++ (4.4) on both Linux and Windows (via MinGW). The contents of camera.h is absurdly simple. Here's the code. It's choking on lines 11 and 12 where float near; and float far; are defined. #include "Vector.h" #ifndef _CAMERA_H_ #define _CAMERA_H_ class Camera{ public: Vector eye; Vector lookAt; float fov; float near; float far; }; #endif Thanks for your help.

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• c compilation error

  - by ambika

  hi, this is my error error:static declaration of 'doct' follows non-static declaration error: previous declaration of 'doct' was here. my code int doct(int*); <- here the second error private int doct(int *a) { static int a=0; <- here the first error a++; *a=a; return 0; } give suggestion.

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• Checking for a variable in the executable

  - by rboorgapally

  Is there a way to know whether a variable is defined, by looking at the executable. Lets say I declare int i; in the main function. By compiling and linking I get an executable my_program.exe. Now, by looking inside my_program.exe, can I say if it has an int eger variable i ?

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• Online validators, syntax checkers, testing tools

  - by Max Gontar

  I often need to verify some simple code before posting, and it's great if I have installed IDE, but what if not? It would be nice to have online free tools for SQL, VB.NET, C# code validation, or maybe even testing. EDIT What I actually mean are online live web tools, like JSLint for javascript. Have you seen any?

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