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• Suddenly getting lock timeouts with MySQL

  - by Marc Hughes

  We've got a web app hosted on Amazon Web services. Our database is a multi-az RDS MySQL server running 5.1.57 and 3-4 app servers talk to it. Today, we started seeing a lot of errors along the lines of "Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction" - almost 1% of POST requests are seeing this. There have been no modifications to the code running on the site. There have been no schema changes. We haven't had a big spike in traffic. I've been looking at the processes running, and none seem out of control. I tried scaling our RDS instance from a small to a large, with no effect. Two days ago, Amazon had some outages. As part of the recovery from that, our RDS server, and our app servers ended up in different availability zones, but all within the same region. But yesterday, everything was fine so I'm not convinced that's related. The lock timeouts are in different types of requests and occur in different InnoDB tables. I have noticed the number of open connections jumped when we started seeing problems, but they may be a symptom and not a cause. What are my next steps in debugging this?

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• how do i install intermediate certificate

  - by getmizanur

  I have installed private key (pem encoded) and public key certificate (pem encoded) on amazon load balancer however when i check the ssl with site test tool (http://www.networking4all.com/en/support/tools/site+check/), i get the following error Error while checking the SSL Certificate!! Unable to get the local issuer of the certificate. The issuer of a locally looked up certificate could not be found. Normally this indicates that not all intermediate certificates are installed on the server. i converted crt file to pem using these command from this tutorial openssl x509 -in input.crt -out input.der -outform DER openssl x509 -in input.der -inform DER -out output.pem -outform PEM during setting up of amazon load balancer only option i left out was certificate chain (pem encoded) however this was optional. could this be cause of my issue? and if so i how do i create certificate chain? for the last question i have tried googling however i'm getting more confused than before. please help many thanks in advance. UPDATE @all thanks for the helpful advice. if you make request to verisign they will give you a certificate chain however this chain includes public crt, intermediate crt and root crt. make sure to remove the public crt from your certificate chain (which is the top most certificate) before adding it to your certification chain box of your amazon load balancer. if you are making https request from an android app then above instruction may not work for older android os such as 2.1 and 2.2. to make it work on older android os [https://knowledge.verisign.com/support/ssl-certificates-support/index?page=content&id=AR657&actp=LIST&viewlocale=en_US]. on this link click on "retail ssl" tab and then click on "secure site" "CA Bundle for Apache Server". copy and past these intermediate certs into certificate chain box. just incase if you have not found it here is the direct link [https://knowledge.verisign.com/support/ssl-certificates-support/index?page=content&id=AR1409] if you are using geo trust certificates then solution is much the same for android devices however you need to copy and past their intermediate certs for android. PS: sorry for the long urls however "new users can only post a maximum of two hyperlinks"

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• How to create a new public AMI for windows?

  - by user67081

  I am trying to make a windows 2008 AMI that is a nice clean 64bit starter pack (IIS, SQL express, ASP.NET MVC, etc...) I would like to make it a public AMI when its done. There in lies the problem. I can make an AMI from my image no problem. But I can't seen to get new instances to generate their own passwords.. The results are that I have a new instance that works great with my password. So what is the process of making my EBS backed Instances convert into an AMI that will auto-generate its password and do all the other setup steps that amazon wants to go thru when a new instance starts up? Thanks in advance.

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• Trying to send email from nagios

  - by batman

  I'm very new to Nagios. I'm trying to send email alerts. But that doesn't seem to be working. But in my log of nagios I can see this : SERVICE ALERT: Appserver;Tmp directory;CRITICAL;HARD;1; Where host notifications are generated via email, only service alerts are not working. And when I look at sendEmail log I can see this : Sep 14 12:38:39 x.x.x.x. sendEmail[23005]: ERROR => You must specify a 'from' field! Try --help. Sep 14 12:39:39 x.x.x.x.x. sendEmail[23129]: ERROR => You must specify a 'from' field! Try --help. Sep 14 12:40:39 x-x-x-x-x sendEmail[23233]: ERROR => You must specify a 'from' field! Try --help. Where I'm making the mistake? Thanks in advance.

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• How do I login once I promote my Windows Server 2012 to domain controller in my Amazon VPC?

  - by Developr

  I am following this guide: http://d36cz9buwru1tt.cloudfront.net/pdf/EC2_AD_How_to.pdf to setup my domain controller. I get AD installed correctly, but when I do the promotion to DC, the server restarts and when I try to access it, I am unable to login using any of the local system accounts. I even created my own separate user account, but that did not help. I made sure to disable the amazon settings for renaming the machine, the machine has a static ip and has been renamed.

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• Can not connect to my sql database.

  - by madhup

  Hi all, I am trying to connect to mysql database on amazon through a php script, but I am shown this error: Warning: mysql_connect() [function.mysql-connect]: Lost connection to MySQL server at 'reading initial communication packet', system error: 111 I have tried and searched places and did the following things: In "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" I commented out the line bind address: 127.0.0.1 to allow the acccess to all. checked /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny and made sure that there are no rules present that may cause But still no luck. Please suggest any other way. Thanks, Madhup

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• How can I setup nginx to serve virtualhosts with rails(unicorn/passenger) and php-fpm

  - by NewAlexandria

  I would like to serve multiple sites on one instance. I install nginx, php-fpm, and a rails app. I use sites like this to guide me. I configure php-fpm to listen to a local socket listen = /var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock I configure ngnix with multiple hosts: include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf I have several site php conf files like /etc/nginx/conf.d/site1.conf server { listen 80; server_name site1.com www.site1.com; root /var/www/site1; location / { index index.html index.php; } location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/$fastcgi_script_name; } } and rails site conf files like upstream rails { server 127.0.0.1:3000; } server { listen 80; server_name site2.com www.site2.com; root /var/www/site2; location / { proxy_pass http://rails; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Url-Scheme $scheme; } } I have a unicorn rails server running via rails s -p 3000 Yet, no sites come up for either site1.com or site2.com. I can get to the rails site at www.site2.com:3000 What is wrong? I've spent 2 days (nearly 30hr) trying many different blogs, SO / SF questions, etc. Please share your insight or answer. edit 1: No log entries are created when I try to visit either site. It's like the requests never come in.

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• Picking only the value field out of Cloudwatch Dimensions, Java

  - by GroovyUser

  I have some data that are retried from the cloudwatch api's. Specifically I have used listMetrics. The data that I got from this call is : {Metrics: [{Namespace: Metric from grails, MetricName: hello123, Dimensions: [{Name: name, Value: 1425, }], }, {Namespace: Metric from grails, MetricName: hello123, Dimensions: [{Name: name, Value: 1068, }], }, That was the correct data as I would expect. I need a way to return only the value fields. Not others things. Is there any way to do this, in java? Thanks in advance.

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• How can I get started with BigData?

  - by ????? ????????

  I have a programming background, and I've done lots of database design and written lots of queries with Sql Server. I am really excited about looking at bigdata solutions. I know almost nothing about it. The way I want to learn is to sign up for a sandbox where I can try things out. questions Is there a sandbox where I can play around with hadoop? It does not have to be free. Would amazon EMR be the right path to go? What technologies should I be looking at to get started quickly? Is there a 'bigdata' dataset that is available to play with? Thank you so much for your guidance.

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• What type of amazon instance should I use and do I need auto scaling and load balancing?

  - by Navetz

  Hi I am looking to release a website that will initially have large amounts of uploads from users. The first will be 65GB and the rest will probably be close to 1TB. They could happen simultaneously. My question is what type of amazon server instance would be best for this? The website is just being released so the traffic wont be very high. I have been using a micro instance for development but it is time to launch and I need more power. Should I use auto scaling and a load balancer to increase the number of instances when I need it or Will a small or medium instance do the trick? If I do use auto scaling and load balancing how do I handle things like sessions and the database/file lookups? Does one instance become the primary instance and the rest become clones?

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• Tracking costs within one AWS account

  - by caius howcroft

  I have what I'm sure is a very common problem. Our company has many projects and groups working for different clients. We do a lot of our development work in the cloud and deploy our solutions there. We have a VPC set up that isolates projects from each other in their own subnet and that VPC is getting a hardware VPN connection back to HQ. We need to keep track of the cost run up by every project. The way I currently implement this is by providing my own tools for starting and stopping instances which log which user (and thus which project) to bill the instance too. This works okay for BoxUsage costs but not for other costs. I could create a separate account for each project and use consolidated billing, this I think would allow me to pay once but track costs per "project", but I would then not be able to share common resources (like bring account B's running instances inside the same VPC). Does anyone have any suggestions? Cheers C

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• AWS autoscaling. Launch Config/Auto Scaling Group and VPC instance with two ifaces

  - by icalvete

  I want create an Launch Config/Auto Scaling Group to build instances inside an VPC with two subnets ("frontend" and "backend") I need that this instances have two ifaces. One in "frontend" subnet and one in "backend" subnet. I can't see how do that. It's no posible from AWS console and neither with aws cli. http://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/autoscaling/create-launch-configuration.html http://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/autoscaling/create-auto-scaling-group.html Launch Config don't say nothing about this. http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AutoScaling/latest/DeveloperGuide/create-lc-with-instanceID.html Ideas? Thanks!!!

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• Does setting an A record for a root domain set it (automatically) for subdomains?

  - by Edan Maor

  I bought a domain from Dreamhost, but my servers are actually running on Amazon's AWS. I have an Elastic IP, say 1.1.1.1. In the Dreamhost panel, I've added an A record for my domain name, pointing it to 1.1.1.1. My question is, are all subdomains (e.g. www.mydomain.com, a.mydomain.com, etc.) automatically mapped to 1.1.1.1 as well, because the root is? Or do I have to add separate rules for each subdomain?

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• NAT and NGINX on the same server

  - by Morten

  I'm setting up a VPC cluster for my collaborative todo list application www.getdoneapp.com. To have my servers on the private network I need a NAT server so my servers on the private network can connect to the internet to receive updates and what not. The NAT server will consume an elastic IP address, so I'm wondering if I can just have that NAT server run nginx to direct traffic to my internal servers for HTTP. So the question is, is it a bad idea to run NGINX and NAT on the same server, or should I go for consuming 2 elastic IP addresses?

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• Sticky Load Balancing with AWS

  - by John Wheal

  I have just setup a load balancer with AWS for a few instances as search engine crawlers were bringing down the site (it has millions of pages). Parts of the site allow you to login so I selected: Enable Application Generated Cookie Stickiness and everything works fine. I now wonder how this will effect my SEO and the crawlers. As I selected sticky load balancing does this mean that a crawler will be stuck on one server and therefore defeat the point in the load balancer? Any recommendations will be appreciated.

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• How to Architect a system on AWS for scaling (with a MySQL back-end)

  - by Edan Maor

  I'm trying to understand how to architect an Amazon Web Services application. As I understand it, the whole point of using something like AWS is to make the eventual scaling easier, so I'm trying to understand how to do that. I have an instance, running off of EBS (EBS-based instance, not a regular instance). My application (a Django app) uses MySQL as a back-end. So the question is, where am I supposed to install the MySQL? Do I install it on the same instance? In which case, as far as I can tell, I can't simply create more server instances from that image. Or am I supposed to simply spin up another server as a DB server, and run off of that? Thanks for any help!

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• different amazon image with/without ebs boot?

  - by user41999

  i'm at http://alestic.com/ and can see Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Canonical, ubuntu@ Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Canonical, ubuntu@EBS boot 1.what is the different between with/without EBS boot? any article explaining this? 2. can provide advantage/disadvantages of using not using ebs boot?

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• Can Amazon VMs be used as Active Directory domain controllers?

  - by mrdenny

  I've got a client who wants to move his companies servers off site. As he is only a 10 person company I'm looking for some pretty in-expensive options. One option is the smallest of the Amazon cloud machines. The question becomes can I make one of these machines a domain controller? Cost wise the Amazon machine is cheaper than the power costs of keeping a server (or a PC) up and running in his home office 24x7 thanks to the high cost of power in Southern California.

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• Issue with aborted MySQL connections (error code: 4)

  - by arikfr

  Some of the connections between my application server (Ubuntu, Apache, PHP) and my DB server (Ubuntu, MySQL) are failing with error code 4. According to the documentation error code 4 is: OS error code 4: Interrupted system call At first I thought that maybe the issue is that the DB server has too many connections and fails because there are too much open files. But it seems not to be the case because: Too many open files has different error code (24). I've checked and during peak time the server had 497 files open (checked using lsof command) while the maximum is 1024. The TCP settings were already checked (see prior question). Any ideas what this can be or what should I check?

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• How do I move an Amazon micro instance to a small instance?

  - by Navetz

  I want to move my instance to a micro instance to a small instance but when I try to launch a new AMI based on my Micro instance AMI it only gives me the option for 64 bit instances. My initial ami is based off an ubuntu 10.04 image. Is it not possible to move between 64 bit and 32 bit instance? Would it be possible to use a load balancer to have a 32bit instance and a 64bit instance work together? I have a website/web app that I will be uploading huge volumes of data to. I will be starting with 65gigs of images and then moving up to 100+ gigs of images. I am not sure which instance type would be best for this. I was going to use a load balancer and auto scaling to increase the number of instance when the load is high. Also when using a load balancer, does one of the AMI instance become the primary image and the rest act as clones of it?

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• What happens when I delete the first of several AWS EBS snapshots?

  - by Jepper

  On http://aws.amazon.com/ebs/pricing/ it says: "EBS Snapshots [...] For the first snapshot of a volume, Amazon EBS saves a full copy of your data to Amazon S3. For each incremental snapshot, only the changed part of your Amazon EBS volume is saved." I intend to snapshot some of my instances daily and keep snapshots for 7 days after which the snapshots are destroyed. What happens when, eventually, I destroy the first snapshot? Will the subsequent snapshots be worthless given the first is no longer available?

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• Amazon and bandwidth limits

  - by Dave

  This question may sound weird to some of you but I have never really used cloud and above all I'm still beginner in the web development and would be really thankful if someone could answer few of my question though they may sound weird So I would like to deploy simple website to Amazon, however, I'm concerned about bandwidth as they charge 0.12GB and I'm not able to set budget limit. My problem is that I wouldn't like to pay for 1000GB of bandwidth if someone for some reason decides to download one file constantly So could some of you, who have experience with amazon, tell what happens if my app is able to handle (say 50 req/sec 30kb/page) does that mean that in the worst case I would have to pay req * sec * min * hours * days * page size 50 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 30 * 30kb = 3888GB

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• Duplicating an instance into a new VPC from a Snapshot

  - by Remmus

  We have a group of instances in an Amazon VPC we use for our live environment. We have a big release to do and want to test that the deployment will run smoothly. I have created a second VPC, created instances of the same size on the same private ips and then removed their original volumes and attached new volumes that were created from snapshots of the live environment. Unfortunately none of the instance will allow me to connect. They start running fine, but I don't get any system logs appear and can't connect. The only thing I can think of is that the new instance was created from a new AMI as the old one is deprecated due to new security fixes. Is this a problem? If so can I fix it in any way? And if this isn't a problem, does anyone have any ideas how I can fix it?

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• Exporting virtual machine from Windows Azure to Amazon

  - by Somebody

  As documentation says: You can import VMware ESX and VMware Workstation VMDK images, Citrix Xen VHD images and Microsoft Hyper-V VHD images for Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2. What about virtual machine with Ubuntu on it? Will it import it successfully? Have anyone tried to do it? Is it possible to import VM directly from Windows Azure. Without need to download VM on my machine and then upload it to Amazon? Thanks.

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• Blocking IP addresses Load Balanced Cluster

  - by Dom

  Hi We're using HAproxy as a front end load balancer / proxy and are looking for solutions to block random IP addresses from jamming the cluster. Is anyone familiar with a conf for HAProxy that can block requests if they exceed a certain threshold from a single IP within a defined period of time. Or can anyone suggest a software solution which could be placed in front of HAProxy to handle this kind of blocking. Thanks Dom--

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