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  • How can I achieve a 3D-like effect with spritebatch's rotation and scale parameters

    - by Alic44
    I'm working on a 2d game with a top-down perspective similar to Secret of Mana and the 2D Final Fantasy games, with one big difference being that it's an action rpg using a 3-dimensional physics engine. I'm trying to draw an aimer graphic (basically an arrow) at my characters' feet when they're aiming a ranged weapon. At first I just converted the character's aim vector to radians and passed that into spritebatch, but there was a problem. The position of every object in my world is scaled for perspective when it's drawn to the screen. So if the physics engine coordinates are (1, 0, 1), the screen coords are actually (1, .707) -- the Y and Z axis are scaled by a perspective factor of .707 and then added together to get the screen coordinates. This meant that the direction the aimer graphic pointed (thanks to its rotation value passed into spritebatch) didn't match up with the direction the projectile actually traveled over time. Things looked fine when the characters fired left, right, up, or down, but if you fired on a diagonal the perspective of the physics engine didn't match with the simplistic way I was converting the character's aim direction to a screen rotation. Ok, fast forward to now: I've got the aimer's rotation matched up with the path the projectile will actually take, which I'm doing by decomposing a transform matrix which I build from two rotation matrices (one to represent the aimer's rotation, and one to represent the camera's 45 degree rotation on the x axis). My question is, is there a way to get not just rotation from a series of matrix transformations, but to also get a Vector2 scale which would give the aimer the appearance of being a 3d object, being warped by perspective? Orthographic perspective is what I'm going for, I think. So, the aimer arrow would get longer when facing sideways, and shorter when facing north and south because of the perspective. At the same time, it would get wider when facing north and south, and less wide when facing right or left. I'd like to avoid actually drawing the aimer texture in 3d because I'm still using spritebatch's layerdepth parameter at this point in my project, and I don't want to have to figure out how to draw a 3d object within the depth sorting system I already have. I can provide code and more details if this is too vague as a question... This is my first post on stack exchange. Thanks a lot for reading! Note: (I think) I realize it can't be a technically correct 3D perspective, because the spritebatch's vector2 scaling argument doesn't allow for an object to be skewed the way it actually should be. What I'm really interested in is, is there a good way to fake the effect, or should I just drop it and not scale at all? Edit to clarify without the help of a picture (apparently I can't post them yet): I want the aimer arrow to look like it has been painted on the ground at the character's feet, so it should appear to be drawn on the ground plane (in my case the XZ plane) which should be tilted at a 45 degree angle (around the X axis) from the viewing perspective. Alex

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  • "static" as a semantic clue about statelessness?

    - by leoger
    this might be a little philosophical but I hope someone can help me find a good way to think about this. I've recently undertaken a refactoring of a medium sized project in Java to go back and add unit tests. When I realized what a pain it was to mock singletons and statics, I finally "got" what I've been reading about them all this time. (I'm one of those people that needs to learn from experience. Oh well.) So, now that I'm using Spring to create the objects and wire them around, I'm getting rid of static keywords left and right. (If I could potentially want to mock it, it's not really static in the same sense that Math.abs() is, right?) The thing is, I had gotten into the habit of using static to denote that a method didn't rely on any object state. For example: //Before import com.thirdparty.ThirdPartyLibrary.Thingy; public class ThirdPartyLibraryWrapper { public static Thingy newThingy(InputType input) { new Thingy.Builder().withInput(input).alwaysFrobnicate().build(); } } //called as... ThirdPartyLibraryWrapper.newThingy(input); //After public class ThirdPartyFactory { public Thingy newThingy(InputType input) { new Thingy.Builder().withInput(input).alwaysFrobnicate().build(); } } //called as... thirdPartyFactoryInstance.newThingy(input); So, here's where it gets touchy-feely. I liked the old way because the capital letter told me that, just like Math.sin(x), ThirdPartyLibraryWrapper.newThingy(x) did the same thing the same way every time. There's no object state to change how the object does what I'm asking it to do. Here are some possible answers I'm considering. Nobody else feels this way so there's something wrong with me. Maybe I just haven't really internalized the OO way of doing things! Maybe I'm writing in Java but thinking in FORTRAN or somesuch. (Which would be impressive since I've never written FORTRAN.) Maybe I'm using staticness as a sort of proxy for immutability for the purposes of reasoning about code. That being said, what clues should I have in my code for someone coming along to maintain it to know what's stateful and what's not? Perhaps this should just come for free if I choose good object metaphors? e.g. thingyWrapper doesn't sound like it has state indepdent of the wrapped Thingy which may itself be mutable. Similarly, a thingyFactory sounds like it should be immutable but could have different strategies that are chosen among at creation. I hope I've been clear and thanks in advance for your advice!

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  • Rotate camera around player and set new forward directions

    - by Samurai Fox
    I have a 3rd person camera which can rotate around the player. When I look at the back of the player and press forward, player goes forward. Then I rotate 360 around the player and "forward direction" is tilted for 90 degrees. So every 360 turn there is 90 degrees of direction change. For example when camera is facing the right side of the player, when I press button to move forward, I want player to turn to the left and make that the "new forward". I have Player object with Camera as child object. Camera object has Camera script. Inside Camera script there are Player and Camera classes. Player object itself, has Input Controller. Also I'm making this script for joystick/ controller primarily. My camera script so far: using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class CameraScript : MonoBehaviour { public GameObject Target; public float RotateSpeed = 10, FollowDistance = 20, FollowHeight = 10; float RotateSpeedPerTime, DesiredRotationAngle, DesiredHeight, CurrentRotationAngle, CurrentHeight, Yaw, Pitch; Quaternion CurrentRotation; void LateUpdate() { RotateSpeedPerTime = RotateSpeed * Time.deltaTime; DesiredRotationAngle = Target.transform.eulerAngles.y; DesiredHeight = Target.transform.position.y + FollowHeight; CurrentRotationAngle = transform.eulerAngles.y; CurrentHeight = transform.position.y; CurrentRotationAngle = Mathf.LerpAngle(CurrentRotationAngle, DesiredRotationAngle, 0); CurrentHeight = Mathf.Lerp(CurrentHeight, DesiredHeight, 0); CurrentRotation = Quaternion.Euler(0, CurrentRotationAngle, 0); transform.position = Target.transform.position; transform.position -= CurrentRotation * Vector3.forward * FollowDistance; transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x, CurrentHeight, transform.position.z); Yaw = Input.GetAxis("Right Horizontal") * RotateSpeedPerTime; Pitch = Input.GetAxis("Right Vertical") * RotateSpeedPerTime; transform.Translate(new Vector3(Yaw, -Pitch, 0)); transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x, transform.position.y, transform.position.z); transform.LookAt(Target.transform); } }

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  • Is this paragraph in Code Complete 2 backwards, or am I misunderstanding it?

    - by user828584
    In chapter 13, when talking about pointers, there is a paragraph: Sometimes, however, you would like to have the semantics of pass by reference—that is, that the passed object should not be altered—with the implementation of pass by value—that is, passing the actual object rather than a copy. It seems like the author made a mistake and mixed the two up. Is this true, or am I not understanding what he's saying correctly?

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  • What are atan and atan2 used for in games?

    - by kyrogue
    I am having some trouble understanding Math.tan() and Math.atan() and Math.atan2(). I have basic knowledge of trigonmetry but the usage of SIN, COS, and TAN etc for game development is very new to me. I am reading on some tutorials and I see that by using tangent we can get the angle in which one object needs to be rotated by how much to face another object for example my mouse. So why do we still need to use atan or atan2?

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  • Different bounding volumes for culling and collision detection

    - by Serthy
    Should an object in a 3D-engine use different bounding volumes for collision-detection (broad-phase) and culling? Basically class renderBounds and class physBounds versus class boundingVolume? Each of this classes then could either contain the same type of volumes (AABB's, kDOP's, sphere's etc.) or a special fitting one for the particular object. (note: without considering of using an external physics engine)

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  • How to detect collisions between sprite and a user generated shape of some sort?

    - by Huwell
    How to detect a collision between a sprite and a user generated shape of some sort. For example. There are some objects on the screen. The user takes their finger and draws an circle shape around a object (The selection rule is painting circle around the sprite, but the painting shapes may be various). I need to detect which object selected, which just like: (demo images) http://i52.tinypic.com/28h0t1g.png

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  • How can I model a pendulum blade?

    - by Micah Delane Bolen
    Like this one from Saw V: What primitive shape/s would you start out with? How would you transform the primitive shape/s to give it a nice, smooth, sharp blade on one side without distorting the entire object in a weird way? I tried starting out with a cylinder and then subtracting the top half using a duplicate cylinder and a difference modifier, but I ended up distorting the entire object when I tried to pull the "blade" edges together. I think I need to add lattices to smoothly "sharpen" the edge of the blade.

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  • If most of team can't follow the architecture, what do you do?

    - by Chris
    Hi all, I'm working on a greenfields project with two other developers. We're all contractors, and myself and one other just started working on the project while the orginal one has been doing most of the basic framework coding. In the past month, my fellow programmer and I have been just frustrated by the design descisions done by our co-worker. Here's a little background information: The application at face value appeared to be your standard n-layered web application using C# on the 3.5 framework. We have a data layer, business layer and a web interface. But as we got deeper into the project we found some very interesting things that have caused us some troubles. There is a custom data access sqlHelper type base which only accepts dictionary key/valued entries and returns only data tables. There are no entity objects, but there are some massive objects which do everything and then are tossed into session for persitance. The general idea is that the pages (.aspx) don't do anything, while the controls (.ascx) do everything. The general flow is that a client clicks on a button, which goes to a user control base which passes a process request to the 'BLL' class which goes to the page processor, which then goes to a getControlProcessor, which at last actually processes the request. The request itself is made up of a dictionary which is passing a string valued method name, stored procedure name, a control name and possibly a value. All switching of the processing is done by comparing the string values of the control names and method names. Pages are linked together via a common header control that uses a combination of javascript and tables to create a hyperlink effect. And as I found out yesterday, a simple hyperlink between one page and another does not work because of the need to have quite a bit of information in session to determine which control to display on a page. My fellow programmer and I both believe that this is a strange and uncommon approach to web application development. Both of us have been in this business for over five years and neither of us have seen this approach. My question is this, how would we approach our co-worker and voice our concerns and what should we do if he does not want to accept the criteic? We both do not want to insult the work that has been done, but feel that going forward will create a nightmare for development. Thanks for your comments.

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  • Possible applications of algorithm devised for differentiating between structured vs random text

    - by rooznom
    I have written a program that can rapidly (within 5 sec on a 2GB RAM desktop, 2.33 Ghz CPU) differentiate between structured text (e.g english text) and random alphanumeric strings. It can also provide a probability score for the prediction. Are there any practical applications/uses of such a program. Note that the program is based on entropy models and does not have any dictionary comparisons in its workflow. Thanks in advance for your responses

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  • RadioButtons and Lambda Expressions

    - by MightyZot
    Radio buttons operate in groups. They are used to present mutually exclusive lists of options. Since I started programming in Windows 20 years ago, I have always been frustrated about how they are implemented. To make them operate as a group, you put your radio buttons in a group box. Conversely, to group radio buttons in HTML, you simply give them all the same name. Radio buttons with the same name or ID in HTML operate as one mutually exclusive group of options. In C#, all your radio buttons must have unique names and you use group boxes to group them. I’m in the process of converting some old code to C# and I’m tasked with creating a user control with groups of radio buttons on it. I started out writing the traditional switch…case statements to check the appropriate radio button based upon value, loops to uncheck them all, etc. Then it occurred to me that I could stick the radio buttons in a Dictionary or List and use Lambda expressions to make my code a lot more maintainable. So, here is what I ended up with: Here is a dictionary that contains my list of radio buttons and their values. I used their values as the keys, so that I can select them by value. Now, instead of using loops and switch…case statements to control the radio buttons, I use the lambda syntax and extension methods. Selecting a Radio Button by Value This code is inside of a property accessor, so “value” represents the value passed into the property accessor. The “First” extension method uses the delegate represented by the lambda expression to select the radio button (actually KeyValuePair) that represents the passed in value. Finally, the resulting checkbox is checked. Since the radio buttons are in the same group, they function as a group, the appropriate radio button is selected while the others are unselected. Reading the Value This is the get accessor for the property that returns the value of the checked radio button. Now, if you’re using binding, this code is likely not necessary; however, I didn’t want to use binding in this case, so I think this is a good alternative to the traditional loops and switch…case statements.

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  • I need beginner help on loading an image (2D). I have an error

    - by Seth Taddiken
    I keep getting a "NullReferenceExeption was unhandled" with "Object reference not set to an instance of an object." written under it. I have all of the images (png) correct with names and added to references. protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); backGround = Content.Load("Cracked"); player1.playerBlock = Content.Load("square"); player2.playerBlock = Content.Load("square2"); }

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  • rotating spheres

    - by Dave
    I want to continuously rotate 2 spheres, however the rotation does not seem to work. Here is my code: float angle = 0.0f; void light(){ glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_LIGHT1); // Create light components GLfloat positionlight1[] = { 9.0, 5.0, 1.0, 0.0 }; GLfloat positionlight2[] = {0.2,2.5,1.3,0.0}; GLfloat light_ambient1[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0}; GLfloat light_diffuse[] = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 }; glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, light_ambient1); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_DIFFUSE, light_diffuse); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, positionlight1); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_POSITION, positionlight2); } void changeSize(int w, int h) { if (h==0) // Prevent A Divide By Zero By { h=1; // Making Height Equal One } glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); // Select The Projection Matrix glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The Projection Matrix glViewport(0,0,w,h);// Reset The Current Viewport // Calculate The Aspect Ratio Of The Window gluPerspective(45.0f,(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h,0.1f,100.0f); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); // Select The Modelview Matrix // Reset The Modelview Matrix } void renderScene(void) { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glPushMatrix(); //set where to start the current object glTranslatef(0.0,1.2,-6); glRotatef(angle,0,1.2,-6); glutSolidSphere(1,50,50); glPopMatrix(); //end the current object transformations glPushMatrix(); //set where to start the current object glTranslatef(0.0,-2,-6); glRotatef(angle,0,-2,-6); glutSolidSphere(0.5,50,50); glPopMatrix(); //end the current object transformations angle=+0.1; glutSwapBuffers(); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { // init GLUT and create window glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA); glutInitWindowPosition(100,100); glutInitWindowSize(500,500); glutCreateWindow("Hello World"); // register callbacks light(); glutDisplayFunc(renderScene); glutReshapeFunc(changeSize); glutIdleFunc(renderScene); // enter GLUT event processing loop glutMainLoop(); return 1; } Graphicstest::Graphicstest(void) { } In the renderscene where i draw,translate and rotate my 2 spheres. It does not seem to rotate the spheres continuously. What am i doing wrong?

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  • Why has the accessor methods from the JavaBean specification become the standard for Java development?

    - by Dakotah North
    The JavaBeans Specification describes a JavaBean as A Java Bean is a reusable software component that can be manipulated visually in a builder tool Since the majority of the lines of code that are written seem to have nothing to do with being manipulated visually in a builder tool, why has the JavaBean specification been the "way" to write object oriented code? I would like to forgo the traditional getter/setter in favor of Fluent Interfaces all throughout the code, not just in builders but fear doing so since this is traditionally not the way way object oriented code is written in Java.

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  • Question about design

    - by lukeluke
    Two fast questions about two design decisions: Suppose that you are checking collisions between game elements. When you find a collision between object 1 and object 2, do you play immediately a sound effect or do you insert it in a list and, in a later a stage, do you process all sound effects? Same question as above for user input. When the user presses key 'keypad left' do you insert the event in a queue and process it later or do you update character position immediately? Thx

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  • Quickly Warning

    - by bradjones
    Every time I run my application I receive these warning errors can anyone tell me what is causing them? $ quickly run /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gi/overrides/Gtk.py:391: Warning: g_object_set_property: construct property "type" for object `Window' can't be set after construction Gtk.Window.__init__(self, type=type, **kwds) /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gi/overrides/Gtk.py:391: Warning: g_object_set_property: construct property "type" for object `AppWindow' can't be set after construction Gtk.Window.__init__(self, type=type, **kwds)

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  • I have data that sends in "bursts" of 100 records with a significant delay. How do I structure my classes for multithreading?

    - by makerofthings7
    My datasource sends information in 100 batches of 100 records with a delay of 1 to 3 seconds between batches. I would like to start processing data as soon as it's received, but I'm not sure how to best approach this. Some ideas I've been playing with include: yield Concurrent Dictionary ConcurrentDictionary with INotifyProperyChanged Events etc. As you can see I'm all over the place, and would appreciate some tested guidance on how to approach this

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  • How to get a Read-Write Reference to Parent GameObject from a script component attached to it?

    - by onguarde
    I have a game object(object) with a script component(myscript) attached. I have a reference to myscript component through getComponent, and I want to change the transform of the gameObject the script is attached to. myscript.gameObject.transform = (new value); The above code gives me error, Property 'UnityEngine.GameObject.transform' is read only. Is there a way to get a read-write version?

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  • Do first-class methods exist?

    - by gdhoward
    Okay, I know first-class functions are cool, closures even better, etc. But is there any language with first-class methods? In my mind, I see a first-class method as an "object" that has both a function pointer and a pointer to a specific instance of the class/object, but the implementation doesn't matter. I just want to know if there is any language that uses them. And as a bonus, how were they implemented?

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  • Reading XML Content

    using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Xml.Linq; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Threading; using System.Xml; using System.Reflection; namespace XMLReading { class Program     { static void Main(string[] args)         { string fileName = @"C:\temp\t.xml"; List<EmergencyContactXMLDTO> emergencyContacts = new XmlReader<EmergencyContactXMLDTO, EmergencyContactXMLDTOMapper>().Read(fileName); foreach (var item in emergencyContacts)             { Console.WriteLine(item.FileNb);             }          }     } public class XmlReader<TDTO, TMAPPER> where TDTO : BaseDTO, new() where TMAPPER : PCPWXMLDTOMapper, new()     { public List<TDTO> Read(String fileName)         { XmlTextReader reader = new XmlTextReader(fileName); List<TDTO> emergencyContacts = new List<TDTO>(); while (true)             {                 TMAPPER mapper = new TMAPPER(); bool isFound = SeekElement(reader, mapper.GetMainXMLTagName()); if (!isFound) break;                 TDTO dto = new TDTO(); foreach (var propertyKey in mapper.GetPropertyXMLMap())                 { String dtoPropertyName = propertyKey.Key; String xmlPropertyName = propertyKey.Value;                     SeekElement(reader, xmlPropertyName);                     SetValue(dto, dtoPropertyName, reader.ReadElementString());                 }                 emergencyContacts.Add(dto);             } return emergencyContacts;         } private void SetValue(Object dto, String propertyName, String value)         { PropertyInfo prop = dto.GetType().GetProperty(propertyName, BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance);             prop.SetValue(dto, value, null);         } private bool SeekElement(XmlTextReader reader, String elementName)         { while (reader.Read())             { XmlNodeType nodeType = reader.MoveToContent(); if (nodeType != XmlNodeType.Element)                 { continue;                 } if (reader.Name == elementName)                 { return true;                 }             } return false;         }     } public class BaseDTO     {     } public class EmergencyContactXMLDTO : BaseDTO     { public string FileNb { get; set; } public string ContactName { get; set; } public string ContactPhoneNumber { get; set; } public string Relationship { get; set; } public string DoctorName { get; set; } public string DoctorPhoneNumber { get; set; } public string HospitalName { get; set; }     } public interface PCPWXMLDTOMapper     { Dictionary<string, string> GetPropertyXMLMap(); String GetMainXMLTagName();     } public class EmergencyContactXMLDTOMapper : PCPWXMLDTOMapper     { public Dictionary<string, string> GetPropertyXMLMap()         { return new Dictionary<string, string>             {                 { "FileNb", "XFileNb" },                 { "ContactName", "XContactName"},                 { "ContactPhoneNumber", "XContactPhoneNumber" },                 { "Relationship", "XRelationship" },                 { "DoctorName", "XDoctorName" },                 { "DoctorPhoneNumber", "XDoctorPhoneNumber" },                 { "HospitalName", "XHospitalName" },             };         } public String GetMainXMLTagName()         { return "EmergencyContact";         }     } } span.fullpost {display:none;}

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  • BinarySerialization size not consist?! (2 replies)

    Hello all, I have met something pretty odd. I am running a serialization on an object and not always the size of the output stream is the same. I even created a test that I am running the serialization in a loop, and each time I am running I have different results sizes in some point in the loop. This happens when I am using a object that was filled in the server side, and I get them thru WCF work...

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  • How would I detect if two 2D arrays of any shape collided?

    - by user2104648
    Say there's two or more moveable objects of any shape in 2D plane, each object has its own 2D boolean array to act as a bounds box which can range from 10 to 100 pixels, the program then reads each pixel from a image that represents it, and appropriatly changes the array to true(pixel has a alpha more then 1) or false(pixel has a alpha less than one). Each time one of these objects moves, what would be the best accurate way to test if they hit another object in Java using as few APIs/libraries as possible?

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  • Requring static class setter to be called before constructor, bad design?

    - by roverred
    I have a class, say Foo, and every instance of Foo will need and contain the same List object, myList. Since every class instance will share the same List Object, I thought it would be good to make myList static and use a static function to set myList before the constructor is called. I was wondering if this was bad, because this requires the setter to be called before the constructor? If the person doesn't, the program will crash. Alternative way would be passing myList every time.

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