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• Should I choose KVM/XEN over OpenVZ or use them together?

  - by Krystian

  I've got a dual xeon e5504 server, with [for now] only 8GB of ram. Storage is'n impressive either: 3x 146GB sas in raid5 + 500GB sata drives. Currently it works as a development server, but it's over speced for our needs and since our development methods changed through last 2 years we decided it will work as a production system for some of our applications + we would like to have a separate system for testing/research. Our apps are mainly web apps deployed on tomcats [plural as some of the apps require older versions] and connected to Postgres. I would like to have a production system, where only httpd+tomcat+db are setup and nothing else runs there. Sterile system. Apart from that, I would like a test system, where I can play with different JVM settings, deploy my test apps, play with tomcat/httpd settings and restart them without interfering with the production system. Apart from that, I would like to be able to play with different linux flavors, with newer kernels to test how they work etc. I know, this is not possible with OpenVZ and I would have to choose KVM for that. I am thinking about merging the two, and setting up a KVM to be able to work with different systems [linux only to be frank] + use openVZ to setup separate machines for my development needs. I would simply go with that, but reading here and there about the performance impact full virtualization has over containers and looking at the specs of my server makes me think twice about it. I don't want to loose too much performance, especially because of the nature of my apps [few JVMs running at the same time]. It will be my first time with virtualization, apart from using desktop virtualbox/vmserver. Although I am a fast learner I don't want to mess with the main system so much that it will break the production apps or make them crawl. Although they are more or less internal apps and they don't produce much load, they need to be stable. I've read, that KVM host is a normal linux installation and it allows to run normal processes on it. If that is so, does it allow to run openVZ as well? I mean... can I have KVM and OpenVZ running on the same system/kernel? Or do I have to setup another system to run OpenVZ containers? How much performance impact can this have for me? Will my hardware suffice? oh and one more thing... unfortunately I'm quite limited with the funds... I'm looking for a free solution only :/

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• USB Format Error

  - by Dan Finan

  I'm having a real headache trying to reformat a USB drive. Initially it had a 200mb EFI partition and it caused the drive to disappear altogether. Since then I ran the CMD and wiped the disk using 'diskpart'. It took a few attempts but it finally cleaned the drive. Since then it has reappeared under (:E) however I am unable to access the drive and Windows is preventing me from reformatting it. I am just presented with 'Windows was unable to complete the format'. It's now acting like a CD drive instead of removable storage. I've tried going through Disk Management and I'm presented with the same error. I've removed the USB controllers from Device Manager - when the drive is connected again it re-installs the drivers and acts the same way. Any help given will be greatly appreciated, thank you. (Windows 7 machine)

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• Workstation Build: Single 2.66ghz i-7 with overclock potential, OR Dual 5520 2.26ghz Xeons?

  - by jdc0589

  There are probably better places to ask this, but I am used to the excellent quality of responses on stack overflow. I am rebuilding my desktop in a few months. Aside from normal lightweight internet usage, I use it to run sqlServer, mySql, 1-2 Ubuntu VMs from time to time, lots of IDE's, and a media server for my PS3. The two possible setups cost the exact same amount (within $50) and would both have 12gb 1333mhz ddr3 ram and a 500gb RAID-0 array (250x2). Now, If I go with a single i-7 920 2.66ghz quadcore, I can easily overclock it to 3ghz, and would have cash leftover to get a 160gb ssd (either the ocz vertex or the 120gb intel) for the main OS/Program install drive. Else, I could get a dual lga1366 motherboard with two e5520 Xeon's (2.26ghz),just use the disks I already have. So, do I go for 8 physical/16 virtual cores at 2.26ghz (No overclocking on server boards) with normal disk I/O, or a 4 physical/8 virtual cores at 3.0ghz with really outstanding disk I/O?

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• Files copying between servers by creation time

  - by driftux

  My bash scripting knowledge is very weak that's why I'm asking help here. What is the most effective bash script according to performance to find and copy files from one LINUX server to another using specifications described below. I need to get a bash script which finds only new files created in server A in directories with name "Z" between interval from 0 to 10 minutes ago. Then transfer them to server B. I think it can be done by formatting a query and executing it for each founded new file "scp /X/Y.../Z/file root@hostname:/X/Y.../Z/" If script finds no such remote path on server B it will continue copying second file which directory exists. File should be copied with permissions, group, owner and creation time. X/Y... are various directories path. I want setup a cron job to execute this script every 10 minutes. So the performance is very important in this case. Thank you.

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• Zfs Drive config on FreeNas

  - by Martyn

  Couple of related questions. Background: I have a stock of drives lying about that I want to use in a HP Proliant Microserver which has a 4 slot SAS cage with FreeNas. I don't want to spend any more on parts. 1) With Zfs and RAIDZ, how bad would it be to mix 2 x 1TB Seagate Barracudas with 2 x 1TB WD Green drives. The latter Green drives are I believe only 5,400 RPM, but I can't find that info for sure. 2) Which would be better, the above mis-match in a RAIDZ or 2 x 3TB Seagate Barracuda in a mirror. Considering both performance and data security 3) I have a spare 250GB drive and a spare SATA slot (for optical drive, not sure on speed) as well, would that be a performance gain to use that for the ZIL and L2ARC (over just using the main drives). Thanks in advance.

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• USB HD Freezes Windows Explorer

  - by nfplee

  I recently purchased a "Seagate STBX1000200 1TB Expansion 2.5 inch External Hard Drive". It has been working without problems until recently. When i plug the device into a USB port the device is recognised as it appears in the device manager but when i go to Windows Explorer and try to open it (or right click on it) it hangs/freezes windows explorer. Please note i am using Windows 7 Professional. I have already tried various things without success after searching for people with similar problems. I did read that it could be a problem with how the computer assigns a drive letter. But whrn i go to disk management (when running as an administrator) it hangs and displays the following message: Connecting to virtual disk service I'd appreciate it if anyone could offer some advice. Thanks

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• large RAID 10 vs small RAID1

  - by user116399

  The machine will store and serve millions of small files (<15Kb each), and all those files require a total storage space of 400G Considering the exact same SATA hard drives maker and models, on the exact same environment (OS, cpu, ram, raid controller, etc...) which one of the setups bellow would be faster? A) RAID 1 with 2 drives of 2T each, making up total storage of 2T B) RAID 10 with 4 drives of 2T each, making up total storage of 4T [EDIT]: I'm aware RAID10 is faster than RAID1. The larger the disk, at least in theory, the longer will take to do seeks/writes. So, will the performance gain of RAID10 will be outweighed by the "drag" caused the larger disk area when seek/write operations happened?

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• "The requested operation could not be completed due to a file system limitation" 3202

  - by user46529

  I backup SQL Server database and it fails BACKUP DATABASE dd TO DISK = '\backupServer\backups\dd.bak' WITH COMPRESSION, CHECKSUM, NOFORMAT, INIT , BlockSize = 65536 , BufferCount = 2200 , MaxTransferSize = 4194304 The backup size is 3TB and I have 6TB free space on bacup server. I am using backup parameters per SQLCAT whitepaper. Everything works ok when I backup to local HDD and it always fails when I backup to network share. After about 6 hours. Can't find why. Thank you. Yes. The backup over the network is fastest and saves me 3Tb of local disk space :) Thanks for pointing to the memory issue. I left 4Gb to OS and it worked!

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• Turn off write barriers on ext4 whiche FS is mounted

  - by user462982

  I am doing some IO intensive DB imports that run for several days now and the IO performance has dropped tremendously over times. The DB data files (log files) are on an ext4 formatted logical volume which is mounted with default options (did not specify something special in fstab). Since I just learned that ext4 enables write barriers by default: Q: Is there some way to disable write barriers online (i.e. while the file system is in use), because I cannot interrupt the import and don't want to restart it again. I am aware that write barriers might not be the only thing impeding performance it is a bad idea to have write barriers disabled on journalling file systems if data safty is important (e.g. on a production system)

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• Best alternatives to recover lost directories in FAT32 external hard drive?

  - by Sergio

  I have an 320 GB ADATA CH91 external hard drive. I guess it has some problems with the connector of the USB jack. The point is that in certain occasions it fails in write operations generating data losses. Right now I lost a directory with several GB's of very useful information. Since then I have not attempted to write to the disk any more. What tool would you recommend to recover the lost data? The disk is FAT32 formatted (only one partition) and I use both Linux and Windows. What filesystem format would you recommend to avoid future data losses? I currently only use this external hard drive in Linux so there are several available choices (FAT, NTFS, ext3, ext4, reiser, etc.).

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• "Device not ready" on a network share in Windows 7

  - by user60689

  I have two computers C1 and C2 runing Windows 7 and both of them are members in a domain. On C1 I have an USB hard-disk which I shared for the users U1 and U2 giving them Read-Only permissions on the entire drive. However, even if I can see and browse the hard-disk localy (IOW from C1), from the other computer (C2) where I'm logged with U1, trying to access the C1's shared device, the C2's Windows 7 throws an error saying "Device Not Ready". Why? How can I fix this? PS: Tried to un-share and re-share again. No luck.

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• ubuntu boots into gnu grub 1.99

  - by greenish

  I've tried set root=(hd0,2) chainloader +1 boot set root=(hd0,2) linux /boot/vmlinuz... and the loopback (loop0) /ubuntu/disks/root.disk command etc. When I try the boot command it tells me there's no kernel and when I boot Win7 (it's a dual boot) the root.disk says 0kb. nothing boots from the live usb I've made and I've tried to use programs to mount the partitions to no effect - they only show me what's on my windows file drives. I've got some really important docs on the linux harddrive I need to get to. any ideas?

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• Tips for maximizing Nginx requests/sec?

  - by linkedlinked

  I'm building an analytics package, and project requirements state that I need to support 1 billion hits per day. Yep, "billion". In other words, no less than 12,000 hits per second sustained, and preferably some room to burst. I know I'll need multiple servers for this, but I'm trying to get maximum performance out of each node before "throwing more hardware at it". Right now, I have the hits-tracking portion completed, and well optimized. I pretty much just save the requests straight into Redis (for later processing with Hadoop). The application is Python/Django with a gunicorn for the gateway. My 2GB Ubuntu 10.04 Rackspace server (not a production machine) can serve about 1200 static files per second (benchmarked using Apache AB against a single static asset). To compare, if I swap out the static file link with my tracking link, I still get about 600 requests per second -- I think this means my tracker is well optimized, because it's only a factor of 2 slower than serving static assets. However, when I benchmark with millions of hits, I notice a few things -- No disk usage -- this is expected, because I've turned off all Nginx logs, and my custom code doesn't do anything but save the request details into Redis. Non-constant memory usage -- Presumably due to Redis' memory managing, my memory usage will gradually climb up and then drop back down, but it's never once been my bottleneck. System load hovers around 2-4, the system is still responsive during even my heaviest benchmarks, and I can still manually view http://mysite.com/tracking/pixel with little visible delay while my (other) server performs 600 requests per second. If I run a short test, say 50,000 hits (takes about 2m), I get a steady, reliable 600 requests per second. If I run a longer test (tried up to 3.5m so far), my r/s degrades to about 250. My questions -- a. Does it look like I'm maxing out this server yet? Is 1,200/s static files nginx performance comparable to what others have experienced? b. Are there common nginx tunings for such high-volume applications? I have worker threads set to 64, and gunicorn worker threads set to 8, but tweaking these values doesn't seem to help or harm me much. c. Are there any linux-level settings that could be limiting my incoming connections? d. What could cause my performance to degrade to 250r/s on long-running tests? Again, the memory is not maxing out during these tests, and HDD use is nil. Thanks in advance, all :)

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• What are my options for booting OSX 10.6 when my DVD drive is broken?

  - by Kev

  I'm about to completely re-pave my Mac Mini but the DVD drive has died on me which means I can't boot from the installation media. I know I can boot from a USB stick but I don't have one available, what are my options given the following hardware at hand? Netgear ReadyNAS Duo NAS (NIC or USB only, no Firewire) USB HDD (no Firewire) I've ripped an ISO of the installation disk, can I somehow get the Mini to boot from this image using one of the above? If I decide not to re-pave but just upgrade, can the Mac be upgraded just using an OSX 10.6 ISO image on its disk?

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• Raid 5 scsi fault

  - by HaLaBi

  I have no much knowledge about servers and I was looking all day around the internet about finding a solution to my raid 5 problem. All of a sudden two disks failed. The server won't boot (HP Proliant, windows 2003 R2, very old maybe 10 years old). I know that if one disk is faulty then I can add a new disk and rebuild it and things will be fine, the problem is two went faulty :( is this normal? two at the same time? is there any other thing I can do and I am not aware of? other than taking them out and reinserting them back? Windows won't boot. The Array menu shows that disks 0 and 4 are "Missing". Any other tricks or things to do? It is important because for some unknown reason the back up job did not work for a month and I just found out, so I need to make these raid 5 back online again.

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• How to access both partitions on a bootable USB flash drive in Windows

  - by Maccyjam

  I have a 16GB USB Flash Drive that is partitioned into two different sizes. The first partition contains a bootable version of Ubuntu, the second partition is for general saving of files. Windows will only recognise the first partition. I have tried using Bootice but this breaks the bootable partition. Disk Management recognises the second partition but does not allow me to do anything with it. Is there a way to make both partitions accessible by Windows and keep the USB disk bootable?

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• Backup folder on sometimes attached external usb harddrive

  - by ctrler

  My girlfriend no longer has space her laptops drive to store her photos. The drive she has now is 750GB, so to go to a bigger drive would be expensive, as there isn't many 1.5tb 2.5 inch 9.5mm hdd on the market (as of now, there is only one). Because of that, I am thinking of moving her pictures to a cheap external usb hdd. As of now, I'm automatically backing up her important folders (My Documents, Pictures, etc.) using Windows 7 default backup software to a network drive. My problem is that I don't know of a good solution to automatically backup a folder residing on an usb disk. The usb disk won't be attached to the computer all the time, so I can't just treat it as a normal backup folder. Sometimes the backup would run and the folder would not be there! Anyone knows any software or methodology to backup folders on external usb hard drives that are not always present? Thanks

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• Enlarge partition on SD card

  - by chenwj

  I have followed Cloning an SD card onto a larger SD card to clone a 2G SD card to a 32G SD card, and the file system is ext4. However, on the 32G SD card I only can see 2G space available. Is there a way to maximize it out? Here is the output of fdisk: Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 32.0 GB, 32026656768 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 30543 cylinders, total 62552064 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000e015a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 32 147455 73712 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sdb2 147456 3994623 1923584 83 Linux I want to make /dev/sdb2 use up the remaining space. I try resize2fs /dev/sdb after dd, but get message below: $ sudo resize2fs /dev/sdb resize2fs 1.42 (29-Nov-2011) resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sdb Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock. Any idea on what I am doing wrong? Thanks.

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• Windows 7 stopped booting

  - by jstawski

  I have a laptop which after shutdown it stopped booting. I tried repair, safe mode, and even start with Windows 7 Installation. The screen just goes blank with a mouse pointer that I can move around. I removed the harddrive from the laptop and connected it to my desktop using an External HD casing. The computer recognizes the disk, but it seems like it can't read it. If I go to My Computer it shows up, but it doesn't display usage information. When I double click on the drive it sits there as if it was loading something and eventually shows "G:\ is not accessible. The parameter is incorrect." Disk Management and Diskpart also take forever to load and when it does it shows the drive. My question, do you think this is a hardware problem or some corrupted sector? How can I try to fix the drive without formatting it? Thanks...

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• My new hard drive doesn't have rights on my old one?

  - by Allan

  Until recently I had a 1 TB hard disk with Windows 7 on it, I have bought myself a SSD, removed the old harddisc and installed Windows 7 on my new one. After that I put back the old hard disk, and formatted it, now I could use that as backup and to keep files on. Nice, right? Well I was updating .Net framework through Windows update, when it stalled. I noticed some space was used on one of the drives on my secondary 'previously primary' hard disk. Apparently it was the .Net framework, trying to save some temporary files on my secondary disc, because it was the one with the most space. It was like it didn't get access. I cancled the installation and rebooted the computer. Now wanting to remove the temporary folder on my secondary harddisk. It told me. "You don't have access by SYSTEM", I don't understand, my user is administrator, its the only user there is and at the same time I can remove and delete any other folder on that drive. I'm gonna go a little pseudo here. But it feels as if the computer treats the old harddisk as protected from tampering by the new SSD. Also, I feel I should mention, they are both listed as primary, ... primary 0 and primary 1. Both using SATA cable. My old hard drive was partioned into 3 drives. 2 of them said the current owner was 'Administrator/myPCname' and the third one said the current owner was 'SYSTEM' I changed them all into the only one that I could pick from the list, which is my user since the 'Administrators/myPCname' wasn't exactly wrong.. could it be that they were somehow still attached to the old OS?.. the fact is I named my computer the exact same thing as it was called before installing a new windows.. so I can't really tell if its an old ownership or not. Also.. I'm currently logged in as 'myname' and I'm administrator.. now trying to delete the previously mentioned files.. it says 'you need access from 'myname' – and it can't delete.. That seems really messed up, I mean I'm logged in as the name it wants me to use. Is there maybe someway I could reset all the users on my computer? Or create some default? I don't know – I just want it to take a form I have always known, from a standard Windows point of view.

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• Is it possible to boot from internet?

  - by Calmarius

  Let's assume the following situation: you have a computer with empty hard disk, and you don't have a CD, floppy, pen drive nearby to boot the computer from. But you have connection to the Internet. Modern computers support network booting using PXE, but I haven't found anything regarding booting via the internet. So, is it possible to use PXE to load an image from the internet and boot it? By having a running system (even a minimal Linux) in RAM, it should be possible to install it on the hard disk, and build up a working system from here.

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• SDcard /dev/sdb2 is apparently in use by the system; will not make a filesystem here

  - by user171223

  I divided my sdcard into 2 partitions, but It got an error and couldn't create a new partition. Error: /dev/sdb2 is apparently in use by the system; will not make a filesystem here! My /dev/sdb was not mounted, and the output of command lsblk was: cxphong@cxphong:~/Desktop$ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk +-sda1 8:1 0 118.8G 0 part +-sda2 8:2 0 147.7G 0 part /media/DATA +-sda3 8:3 0 137.1G 0 part +-sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part +-sda5 8:5 0 1023M 0 part [SWAP] +-sda6 8:6 0 61.2G 0 part / sdb 8:16 1 3.7G 0 disk +-sdb1 8:17 1 70.6M 0 part +-sdb2 8:18 1 3.6G 0 part +-sdb1 (dm-0) 252:0 0 70.6M 0 part +-sdb2 (dm-1) 252:1 0 3.6G 0 part I couldn't delete /dev/sdb1 (dm-0) & /dev/sdb2 (dm-1). What are they?

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• Corrupted files, hard drive test?

  - by all-R

  Hi guys, I'm currently on a macbook with a 1TB external hard drive connected trough a USB hub wich is connected on my macbook. The problem is, my disk, wich is partitioned in 2 (one HFS+ and one NTFS) keeps getting corrupted, recently it was my HFS+ partition, I could not repair it using the Apple's Disk utility, but was able to backup my files. Is it synonym that my hard drive is failing? Is it because of my USB hub? I also keep all my iTunes library on my external HD (HFS+ partition), and did a lot of transfer lately, adding files, removing etc. the last time, my partition got corrupted after a lot of deleted items. If anybody has an idea of what to check first, what could cause the problem, I would appreciate it :) Thanks!

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• Dell Inspiron 530 - SSD Worth it?

  - by DrFredEdison

  I'm going to be upgrading my Dell Inspiron 530 (2.0 Ghz Intel Dual Core CPU, 3 GB RAM) to windows 7 soon, and rather than backup and reformat my existing drive, I'm planning on getting a 2nd drive to replace my current primary, and moving it to a secondary. Thus, this seems like an excellent time to get a solid-state drive, if its going to be worth it. As far as I can tell this machine has a SATA-I controller, and I'm unsure if I'll see a noticeable performance increase with an SSD without going to SATA-II. So I have a three part question here given all that: Will spending the money on a SSD be worth it if hook it into a SATA-I controller? Is it reasonable to upgrade the controller on this machine to a SATA-II controller? Given that this PC is kind of old to begin with, am I better off performance wise to just stick with a faster HDD?

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• User WinWget to keep web site alive in a Windows Server 2003

  - by Menelaos Vergis

  I have a site that must stay alive due to a service that runs and check a directory for changes. The site is running in IIS at a Windows Server 2003 and the solution I came up it that I will Schedule a task that requests the home page every 5 minutes. I am sure that this way the site will stay alive almost all the time. I have downloaded Wget from Wget from Windows and I have installed it at my windows server 2003 but I don't know how to use it in order to ping the server but not download anything. Since I want to use this forever I don't want to save anything on the disk, can you provide me with the command that pings a web page but don't save anything on the disk?

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