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  • Custom initrd init script: how to create /dev/initctl

    - by Posco Grubb
    I have a virtual machine (VMM is Xen 3.3) equipped with two IDE HDD's (/dev/hda and /dev/hdb). The root file system is in /dev/hda1, where Scientific Linux 5.4 is installed. /dev/hdb contains an empty ext2 file system. I want to protect the root file system from writes by the VM by using aufs (AnotherUnionFS) to layer a writable file system on top of the root file system. The changes to / will be written to the file system located on /dev/hdb. (Furthermore, outside the VM, the file backing the /dev/hda will also be set to read-only permissions, so the VMM should also prevent the VM from modifying at that level.) (The purpose of this setup: be able to corrupt a virtual machine using software-implemented fault injection but preserve the file system image in order to quickly reboot the VM to a fault-free state.) How do I get an initrd init script to do the necessary mounts to create the union file system? I've tried 2 approaches: I've tried modifying the nash script that mkinitrd creates, but I don't know what setuproot and switchroot do and how to make them use my aufs as the new root. Apparently, nobody else here knows either. (EDIT: I take that back.) I've tried building a LiveCD (using linux-live-6.3.0) and then modifying the Bash /linuxrc script from the generated initrd, and I got the mounts correct, but the final /sbin/init complains about /dev/initctl. Specifically, my /linuxrc mounts the aufs at /union. The last few lines of /linuxrc effectively do the following: cd /union mkdir -p mnt/live pivot_root . mnt/live exec sbin/chroot . sbin/init </dev/console >/dev/console 2>&1 When init starts, it outputs something like init: /dev/initctl: No such file or directory. What is supposed to create this FIFO? I found no such filename in the original linuxrc and liblinuxlive scripts. I tried creating it via "mkfifo /dev/initctl", but then init complained about a timeout opening or writing to the FIFO. Would appreciate any help or pointers. Thanks.

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  • Error activating XKB configuration (Ubuntu 9.10)?

    - by Mohammad
    I'm absolutely new on Ubuntu. I was gonna learn Ubuntu, so I installed VMware 7.0.1 build-227600 on my Win7 x64, afterward I've installed Ubuntu 9.10 on it as a Virtual Machine. I just enabled root account, and when I log in as root for once, I received the following error : What's wrong with it? Am I miss something?

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  • Zyxel P-320W: How to connect to my web server using public IP

    - by hvtuananh
    My company's router is Zyxel P-320W and I have a public static IP. I registered a few domains name and point to this IP address. I already setup Virtual Hosts and configured port-forwarding to my internal server and it works well. I can connect to all domains from outside The problem is I cannot connect to my domains from inside One workaround way is modify hosts file to add internal IP for those domains, but my company have many computers and I don't want to setup all PC manually

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  • Zyxel P-320W: How to connect to my web server using public IP

    - by hvtuananh
    My company's router is Zyxel P-320W and I have a public static IP. I registered a few domains name and point to this IP address. I already setup Virtual Hosts and configured port-forwarding to my internal server and it works well. I can connect to all domains from outside The problem is I cannot connect to my domains from inside One workaround way is modify hosts file to add internal IP for those domains, but my company have many computers and I don't want to setup all PC manually

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  • Nginx redirect requests to sub-domains that do not exist to custom 404 page when wild card A record is set?

    - by Anagio
    Is there a way to capture all requests to arbitrary sub-domains which do not have a virtual host setup, and redirect to a custom 404 page in nginx? I will have a wild card A record setup *.example.com and all our users will have a sub-domain username.example.com. If someone enters a sub-domain which does not exist how can I redirect to a custom 404 page rather than have it resolve since wild card is setup?

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  • routing based on source IP

    - by user1977050
    I am trying to do source-based routing, following the question http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/131527/routing-based-on-source-ip. The source IP floating one and assigned to a cluster (consists from 2 servers). Let's say that the physical IP on server1 is 192.0.2.1, on server2 192.0.2.2, and the virtual IP is 192.0.2.3 (and this should be the source IP for outgoing traffic). How can I configure static source IP routing for this in RHEL?

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  • RabbitMQ and persistence (blocking writes?)

    - by daharon
    I want to create a RabbitMQ server on a virtual machine (VMware) to be used in production. It will contain persistent queues. I'm wondering if it is a bad idea to store the server on a NAS that's accessed over NFS. Basically my questions are: Will RabbitMQ's writes be blocking? Will the entire queue's operation halt on a write? How much performance degradation should I expect when persisting over NFS?

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  • Amazon EC2 High-Memory Extra Large Instance

    - by Simpanoz
    I am new to Mongodb and EC2. If I use following single MongoDb server : High-Memory Extra Large Instance 17.1 GiB memory, 6.5 ECU (2 virtual cores with 3.25 EC2 Compute Units each), 420 GB of local instance storage, 64-bit platform As a layman, if we quantify I/O, data in MB/sec. How much I/O transactions mongodb server can handle easily, without being burnt out. Consider default settings of EC2 server with Ubuntu and MongoDb version available in AWS marketplace. Thanks in advance

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  • How to properly shutdown a Linux VMware Server Host

    - by Mikee
    Hi Everybody: In our lab, we have a server running Ubuntu Linux 8.04.4 x64, with VMware Server 2.1 hosting 4 VM's. I have a major concern with regards to shutting down the host server. Mostly, how do I ensure that the guest VM's are being shut down safely? In the VMware web interface console, I have enabled: "Allow virtual machines to start and stop automatically with the system" I enabled the Default Startup Delay for 15 seconds along with the "Start next VM immediately if the VMware Tools start" option checked I enabled the Default Shutdown Delay with a 60 second shutdown delay and a Shutdown Action of "Shut Down Guest" All VM's have the VMware Tools installed and properly working. All VM's are moved up into the "Specified Order" section of "Startup Order", thus when powering the server back on, all those VM's should start up again in that specified order. When I went to shut down the server, I used the shutdown -h now command. Based on the settings I entered above, I was expecting a 4 minute shutdown, as there is an option to delay the shutdown of each VM by 60 seconds. However, that is not what happened. Instead, the server shutdown in under a minute. When I powered the server back on, only 2 VM's properly loaded. The other 2 showed the following error: "Power on Virtual Machine" failed to complete If these problems problems persist, please contact your system administrator. Details: Cannot open the disk '[location to .vmdk]' or one of the snapshot disks it depends on. Reason: Failed to lock the file. Obviously, if this error occured, then it is clear to me that the VM's were not properly shutdown, or the server powered off before the VM's were completely shutdown. I have fixed the above error by deleting the .lck files in the respective VM directories. How would I know if the VM's were properly shut down? I checked the VMware-server logs, but they only seem to display the logs of when the vmware-mgmt service is running in the current session. I'm mostly running Linux VM's, so is there an easy way to know whether or not a server was properly shut down in Linux? Thank you all for the help!

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  • Installing SDM on a Cisco 2821 ISR

    - by Sam Sanders
    I trying to change the configuration of our router, it's a Cisco 2821 Integrated Services Router. I don't know much about Cisco products. While looking at the PDF manual for the router I notices it talked about SDM Security Device Manager. But when I point my web browser at the IP address of the router, it give me a very simple web interface. It's sort of like a string builder for CLI commands. I'm guessing SDM was not installed on it. So my question how would I go about do that? I found this link (below), but I'm a bit new to networking. So any advice would be welcome. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/cisco_router_and_security_device_manager/software/quick/guide/SDMq7.html

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  • Upgrade Windows 7 to Windows 8 using Technet?

    - by WillyWonka
    I want to go get a TechNet subscription to test some Windows software before I buy it. I want to replicate upgrading Windows 7 to Windows 8 with specific software in a virtual machine then see how stable or if possible to do it at all. I looked at the list of software but they only show Windows 8 Pro or Enterprise. Do you know if there is an Windows 7 to 8 Upgrade ISO available for Technet Standard or Pro?

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  • Can't make VM off Windows XP

    - by WebDevHobo
    I've got a copy of WinXP off of MSDNAA, with a key. I've mounted it to my CD-drive, and now I'm trying to make it in to a VM. The problem is, it seems that the thing is constantly trying to connect to a DHCP server, fails to connect and then decides no operating system was found. The file I got off MSDNAA was an .img file, so I had to mount it to a virtual CD drive. VmWare workstation comes with a Windows XP iso, tried that, also failed.

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  • What's wrong with my vmware start script?

    - by Tore Niedahl
    I am starting a vmware 2.x vm on a linux host. This is my script: #!/bin/sh vmrun -T server -h https://localhost:11768/sdk -u tore -p mypass123 start "[my1] server1/server1.vmx" I have defined a local datastore [my1] as /mnt/my1/vm and the physical location of server1.vmx is /mnt/my1/vm/server1/server1.vmx The result when I call the script is: Error: Cannot open VM: [my1] server1/server1.vmx, The virtual machine cannot be found But I can start the vm from the browser ui.

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  • How to convert series of MP3 to a M4B in a batch

    - by Artem Tikhomirov
    Hello. I have a batch of MP3 based books. Some of them divide into files according to book's own structure: chapters and so on. Some of them was just divided into equally lengthened parts. So. I've bought an iPhone, and I want to convert them all to M4B format. How could I convert them in a batch? I mean how cold I set up a process once, for each book, and then, after couple of weeks, receive totally converted library. The only able program for such conversion I've found was Audiobook Builder for a Mac. But it is pretty slow and do not support batching in principle. Solutions for any platform, please.

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  • Redirect domainA.com to sub.domainB.com

    - by Duroth
    Just a short and easy question, I hope. Currently, I've got a primary domain linked to my (virtual) hosting server. I now have a second domain name which I would like to link to a specific subdomain, i.e. domainB.com/X - subdom.domainA.com/X Preferably without having this redirect show up in the address bar. Can this be achieved through DNS settings alone, or would it require me to add a .htaccess file in Domain A's root folder?

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  • Eclipse Pydev Ctrl-Click (Go to Definition) Doesn't Work OSX

    - by Koobz
    My Pydev set up in OS X is kind of busted. I'm working on a Django project and I find that Ctrl-Click never actually goes to the definitions of any of my objects or functions. I actually have a symlink to Django/django in my workspace so that it's easier to cross reference Django code. My guess is that something is wrong with the builder, but it doesn't throw up any errors. Does anyone have advice here? Different topic: does anyone know of a good way to use Ctrl-Shift-R (Open resource) and filter files by folder? It's not that useful in python projects where you have 20 urls.py showing up.

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  • Deep recursion in WHM EasyApache software update causes out of memory

    - by Ernest
    I was trying to load some modules with EasyApache in a software update (WHM) cause I need to install Magento ecommerce. I did the first EasyApache update. However, one module I needed was not loaded. I loaded later but whenever I check Tomcat 5.5 in the profile builder I get: -- Begin opt 'Tomcat' -- -- Begin dryrun test 'Checking for v5' -- -- End dryrun test 'Checking for v5' -- -- Begin step 'Checking jdk' -- Deep recursion on subroutine "Cpanel::CPAN::Digest::MD5::File::_dir" at /usr/local/cpanel/Cpanel/CPAN/Digest/MD5/File.pm line 107. Out of memory! Out of memory! *** glibc detected *** realloc(): invalid next size: 0x09741188 *** Line 107 in question in the file.pm is the third one in this snippet: if(-d $full) { $hr->{ $short } = ''; _dir($full, $hr, $base, $type, $cc) or return; //line 107 } All my client sites are down and I don't know what to do to fix this.

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  • Troubleshooting latency spikes on ESXi NFS datastores

    - by exo_cw
    I'm experiencing fsync latencies of around five seconds on NFS datastores in ESXi, triggered by certain VMs. I suspect this might be caused by VMs using NCQ/TCQ, as this does not happen with virtual IDE drives. This can be reproduced using fsync-tester (by Ted Ts'o) and ioping. For example using a Grml live system with a 8GB disk: Linux 2.6.33-grml64: root@dynip211 /mnt/sda # ./fsync-tester fsync time: 5.0391 fsync time: 5.0438 fsync time: 5.0300 fsync time: 0.0231 fsync time: 0.0243 fsync time: 5.0382 fsync time: 5.0400 [... goes on like this ...] That is 5 seconds, not milliseconds. This is even creating IO-latencies on a different VM running on the same host and datastore: root@grml /mnt/sda/ioping-0.5 # ./ioping -i 0.3 -p 20 . 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=1 time=7.2 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=2 time=0.9 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=3 time=0.9 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=4 time=0.9 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=5 time=4809.0 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=6 time=1.0 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=7 time=1.2 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=8 time=1.1 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=9 time=1.3 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=10 time=1.2 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=11 time=1.0 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=12 time=4950.0 ms When I move the first VM to local storage it looks perfectly normal: root@dynip211 /mnt/sda # ./fsync-tester fsync time: 0.0191 fsync time: 0.0201 fsync time: 0.0203 fsync time: 0.0206 fsync time: 0.0192 fsync time: 0.0231 fsync time: 0.0201 [... tried that for one hour: no spike ...] Things I've tried that made no difference: Tested several ESXi Builds: 381591, 348481, 260247 Tested on different hardware, different Intel and AMD boxes Tested with different NFS servers, all show the same behavior: OpenIndiana b147 (ZFS sync always or disabled: no difference) OpenIndiana b148 (ZFS sync always or disabled: no difference) Linux 2.6.32 (sync or async: no difference) It makes no difference if the NFS server is on the same machine (as a virtual storage appliance) or on a different host Guest OS tested, showing problems: Windows 7 64 Bit (using CrystalDiskMark, latency spikes happen mostly during preparing phase) Linux 2.6.32 (fsync-tester + ioping) Linux 2.6.38 (fsync-tester + ioping) I could not reproduce this problem on Linux 2.6.18 VMs. Another workaround is to use virtual IDE disks (vs SCSI/SAS), but that is limiting performance and the number of drives per VM. Update 2011-06-30: The latency spikes seem to happen more often if the application writes in multiple small blocks before fsync. For example fsync-tester does this (strace output): pwrite(3, "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"..., 1048576, 0) = 1048576 fsync(3) = 0 ioping does this while preparing the file: [lots of pwrites] pwrite(3, "********************************"..., 4096, 1036288) = 4096 pwrite(3, "********************************"..., 4096, 1040384) = 4096 pwrite(3, "********************************"..., 4096, 1044480) = 4096 fsync(3) = 0 The setup phase of ioping almost always hangs, while fsync-tester sometimes works fine. Is someone capable of updating fsync-tester to write multiple small blocks? My C skills suck ;) Update 2011-07-02: This problem does not occur with iSCSI. I tried this with the OpenIndiana COMSTAR iSCSI server. But iSCSI does not give you easy access to the VMDK files so you can move them between hosts with snapshots and rsync. Update 2011-07-06: This is part of a wireshark capture, captured by a third VM on the same vSwitch. This all happens on the same host, no physical network involved. I've started ioping around time 20. There were no packets sent until the five second delay was over: No. Time Source Destination Protocol Info 1082 16.164096 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 NFS V3 WRITE Call (Reply In 1085), FH:0x3eb56466 Offset:0 Len:84 FILE_SYNC 1083 16.164112 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 NFS V3 WRITE Call (Reply In 1086), FH:0x3eb56f66 Offset:0 Len:84 FILE_SYNC 1084 16.166060 192.168.250.20 192.168.250.10 TCP nfs > iclcnet-locate [ACK] Seq=445 Ack=1057 Win=32806 Len=0 TSV=432016 TSER=769110 1085 16.167678 192.168.250.20 192.168.250.10 NFS V3 WRITE Reply (Call In 1082) Len:84 FILE_SYNC 1086 16.168280 192.168.250.20 192.168.250.10 NFS V3 WRITE Reply (Call In 1083) Len:84 FILE_SYNC 1087 16.168417 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 TCP iclcnet-locate > nfs [ACK] Seq=1057 Ack=773 Win=4163 Len=0 TSV=769110 TSER=432016 1088 23.163028 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 NFS V3 GETATTR Call (Reply In 1089), FH:0x0bb04963 1089 23.164541 192.168.250.20 192.168.250.10 NFS V3 GETATTR Reply (Call In 1088) Directory mode:0777 uid:0 gid:0 1090 23.274252 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 TCP iclcnet-locate > nfs [ACK] Seq=1185 Ack=889 Win=4163 Len=0 TSV=769821 TSER=432716 1091 24.924188 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1092 24.924210 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1093 24.924216 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1094 24.924225 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1095 24.924555 192.168.250.20 192.168.250.10 TCP nfs > iclcnet_svinfo [ACK] Seq=6893 Ack=1118613 Win=32625 Len=0 TSV=432892 TSER=769986 1096 24.924626 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1097 24.924635 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1098 24.924643 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1099 24.924649 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1100 24.924653 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 2nd Update 2011-07-06: There seems to be some influence from TCP window sizes. I was not able to reproduce this problem using FreeNAS (based on FreeBSD) as a NFS server. The wireshark captures showed TCP window updates to 29127 bytes in regular intervals. I did not see them with OpenIndiana, which uses larger window sizes by default. I can no longer reproduce this problem if I set the following options in OpenIndiana and restart the NFS server: ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_recv_hiwat 8192 # default is 128000 ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_max_buf 1048575 # default is 1048576 But this kills performance: Writing from /dev/zero to a file with dd_rescue goes from 170MB/s to 80MB/s. Update 2011-07-07: I've uploaded this tcpdump capture (can be analyzed with wireshark). In this case 192.168.250.2 is the NFS server (OpenIndiana b148) and 192.168.250.10 is the ESXi host. Things I've tested during this capture: Started "ioping -w 5 -i 0.2 ." at time 30, 5 second hang in setup, completed at time 40. Started "ioping -w 5 -i 0.2 ." at time 60, 5 second hang in setup, completed at time 70. Started "fsync-tester" at time 90, with the following output, stopped at time 120: fsync time: 0.0248 fsync time: 5.0197 fsync time: 5.0287 fsync time: 5.0242 fsync time: 5.0225 fsync time: 0.0209 2nd Update 2011-07-07: Tested another NFS server VM, this time NexentaStor 3.0.5 community edition: Shows the same problems. Update 2011-07-31: I can also reproduce this problem on the new ESXi build 4.1.0.433742.

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  • fcgi_mod and phpmyadmin

    - by Cudos
    I have setup Debian Lenny, Apache2, PHP 5.3.1 fcgi_mod, and MySQL and it works fine. But PHPMyadmin doesn't work. When I go to : http://phpmyadmin.domain.com it downloads the index.php under PHPMyadmin instead of executing it. I think I need to wrap the request in a fcgiwrapper like I did all the virtual hosts. But how do I do that? Apparently there are not that many tutorials on this.

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  • Where is the plugins directory for Turnkey Trac?

    - by Tomek
    Hello, I setup a Turnkey Trac virtual machine and am trying to set up the LdapPlugin to use use authentication through a local Active Directory. I tried using easy_install http://trac-hacks.org/svn/ldapplugin/ to install it and it claimed to have completed, however when I go to the Admin page and go to plugins, it is not listed. I have never setup a Turnkey server like this before and was wondering in which directory the Trac plugins are located on the Turnkey-linux machine? Thanks, Tomek

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  • Transfer files between VPC and Host Machine.

    - by gwc
    I have a virtual machine setup and I am able to transfer files from the host to the vpc and from the vpc to the host. I then copied the vpc to another machine and I am not able to copy files anymore. How can you setup the ability to copy files between the VPC and the host machine.

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  • ftp 7.5 windows server 2008 I can not upload files

    - by rtwPhoenix
    I am using FTP 7.5 created virtual directory, gave user write permission under FTP for that directory. User logs in fine see everything however user can not upload any files. Keeps saying user does not have permission but they do in FTP. I have tried everything I know inclduing giving user permission on the directory itself. ISA 2006 in front of server I unchekced the READ box so I think that is OK (Publishing Rule) ANY HELP WOULD BE APPRECIATED. RTW

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