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• How to tunnel a local port onto a remote server

  - by Trevor Rudolph

  I have a domain that i bought from DynDNS. I pointed the domain at my ip adress so i can run servers. The problem I have is that I don't live near the server computer... Can I use an ssh tunnel? As I understand it, this will let me access to my servers. I want the remote computer to direct traffic from port 8080 over the ssh tunnel to the ssh client, being my laptop's port 80. Is this possible? EDIT: verbose output of tunnel macbookpro:~ trevor$ ssh -R *:8080:localhost:80 -N [email protected] -v OpenSSH_5.2p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8r 8 Feb 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data /Users/trevor/.ssh/config debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Connecting to site.com [remote ip address] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /Users/trevor/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/trevor/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/trevor/.ssh/id_dsa type 2 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.2 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host 'site.com' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /Users/trevor/.ssh/known_hosts:9 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /Users/trevor/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /Users/trevor/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Offering public key: /Users/trevor/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Next authentication method: password [email protected]'s password: debug1: Authentication succeeded (password). debug1: Remote connections from *:8080 forwarded to local address localhost:80 debug1: Requesting [email protected] debug1: Entering interactive session. debug1: remote forward success for: listen 8080, connect localhost:80 debug1: All remote forwarding requests processed

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• IRC newbie needs detailed "How To" directions for freenode.net connection with OS X IRC app

  - by Johnny Utahh

  Newbie IRC user here. Trying to get connected on freenode.net, preferably with a native Mac OS X client (I'm running 10.6.8), or at least something with a good "OS X feel." Also seeking a client that comes "well regarded" in Mac community (eg, Linkinus reflects outstanding Apple App Store user ratings). Thus far have found it remarkably difficult to "get started from scratch" with ANY client. All attempted clients (Colloquy, Textual, Linkinus) experience some sort of "* Notice -- You need to identify via SASL to use this server" error. I see this freenode SASL-friendly client list; am I really limited to only these clients? This "IRC-freenode startup" procedure has been far more difficult than I had originally anticipated. Why can't I just do this and have it "just work"? Bottom line: looking for a "chapter and verse"/cookbook description of how to get started with freenode.net IRC chat rooms on Mac OS. Need reference to known-working client, and then exact directions on how to get connected to a chat room with a nickname.

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• How to back up non-standard directories in my user profile with Windows Backup?

  - by James Johnston

  I'm using Windows Backup to back up my Win7 Pro laptop. I'd like to use it to back up my complete user profile, but I only see standard profile directories (e.g. C:\Users\JohnstonJ\Documents) in the list. Non-standard ones aren't there (e.g. C:\Users\JohnstonJ\MyCustomDirectory). What's the best way to handle this? The only thing I can think of is to browse under the "Computer" entry and navigate directly to C:\Users\JohnstonJ and check off the entire profile (to get what's in there, and any new directories that come up). But is that going to back up the profile twice? Cause other unforeseen problems given that I checked it off by navigating through the computer, rather than picking it under the "Data Files" category? (e.g. back up temporary file garbage, files in use problems, etc. that the "Data Files" category might be handling better). Looking for solutions that other people use that are known to work well and still uses the Windows Backup software - I don't really want to fuss with 3rd-party backup software. Example - as you can see, I have two directories in my profile that Windows Backup is not offering to back up: "Dropbox" and "New folder": (Link to images album because I don't have enough reputation to directly embed them: http://imgur.com/a/Xyv5u)

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• strange Postfix logwatch log summary on my ubuntu vps

  - by DannyRe

  Hi I would be very thankful if someone could help me on explaining this logwatch summary of my postfix installation on my ubuntu 10.04 vps. I dont really know if this might be a normal log file because of the many authentication failed entries and foreign IP addresses. Any advise for a novice? Thx! ****** Summary ************************************************************************************* 113 SASL authentication failed 195 Miscellaneous warnings 8.419K Bytes accepted 8,621 8.419K Bytes delivered 8,621 ======== ================================================== 3 Accepted 60.00% 2 Rejected 40.00% -------- -------------------------------------------------- 5 Total 100.00% ======== ================================================== 2 5xx Reject relay denied 100.00% -------- -------------------------------------------------- 2 Total 5xx Rejects 100.00% ======== ================================================== 116 Connections 1 Connections lost (inbound) 116 Disconnections 3 Removed from queue 3 Delivered 1 Hostname verification errors ****** Detail (10) ********************************************************************************* 113 SASL authentication failed -------------------------------------------------------------- 113 92.24.80.207 host-92-24-80-207.ppp.as43234.net 113 LOGIN 113 generic failure 195 Miscellaneous warnings ------------------------------------------------------------------ 113 SASL authentication failure: cannot connect to saslauthd server: Permission denied 41 inet_protocols: IPv6 support is disabled: Address family not supported by protocol 41 inet_protocols: configuring for IPv4 support only 2 5xx Reject relay denied ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1 46.242.103.110 unknown 1 [email protected] 1 114.42.142.103 114-42-142-103.dynamic.hinet.net 1 [email protected] 1 Connections lost (inbound) -------------------------------------------------------------- 1 After RCPT 3 Delivered ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 myhost.xx 1 Hostname verification errors ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 Name or service not known 1 46.242.103.110 broadband-46-242-103-110.nationalcablenetworks.ru === Delivery Delays Percentiles ============================================================ 0% 25% 50% 75% 90% 95% 98% 100%

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• solaris zpool SSD cache device "faulted"

  - by John-ZFS

  I am trying to get over these SATA SSD errors - smartctl command failed to read the SATA SSD - SATA is not supported what could be the reason for errors? does this mean that SSD has reached EOL & needs to be replacement? errors: No known data errors pool: zpool1216 state: DEGRADED status: One or more devices are faulted in response to persistent errors. Sufficient replicas exist for the pool to continue functioning in a degraded state. action: Replace the faulted device, or use 'zpool clear' to mark the device repaired. scan: scrub repaired 0 in 0h24m with 0 errors on Fri May 18 14:31:08 2012 config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM zpool1216 DEGRADED 0 0 0 raidz1-0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t10d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t11d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t12d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t13d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t14d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t15d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t16d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t1d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t2d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t3d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t4d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t5d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t6d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t7d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t8d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t9d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 logs c9d0 FAULTED 0 0 0 too many errors cache c10d0 FAULTED 0 17 0 too many errors

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• How can the little guys effectively learn and use puppet?

  - by drumfire

  Six months ago, in our not-for-profit project we decided to start migrating our system management to a Puppet controlled environment because we are expecting our number of servers to grow substantially between now and a year from now. Since the decision has been made our IT guys have become a bit too annoyed a bit too often. Their biggest objections are: "We're not programmers, we're sysadmins"; Modules are available online but many differ from one another; wheels are being reinvented too often, how do you decide which one fits the bill; Code in our repo is not transparent enough, to find how something works they have to recurse through manifests and modules they might have even written themselves a while ago; One new daemon requires writing a new module, conventions have to be similar to other modules, a difficult process; "Let's just run it and see how it works" Tons of hardly known 'extensions' in community modules: 'trocla', 'augeas', 'hiera'... how can our sysadmins keep track? I can see why a large organisation would dispatch their sysadmins to puppet courses to become puppet masters. But how would smaller players get to learn puppet to a professional level if they do not go to courses and basically learn it via their browser and editor?

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• Installinf Xen 4.0.1 in Ubuntu 10.10

  - by Hiranth

  make -f buildconfigs/mk.linux-2.6-pvops build make[3]: Entering directory /home/hirantha/xen-4.0.1' set -ex; \ if ! [ -d linux-2.6-pvops.git ]; then \ rm -rf linux-2.6-pvops.git linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp; \ mkdir linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp; rmdir linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp; \ git clone -o xen -n git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jeremy/xen.git linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp; \ (cd linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp; git checkout -b xen/stable-2.6.32.x xen/xen/stable-2.6.32.x ); \ mv linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp linux-2.6-pvops.git; \ fi + '[' -d linux-2.6-pvops.git ']' + rm -rf linux-2.6-pvops.git linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp + mkdir linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp + rmdir linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp + git clone -o xen -n git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jeremy/xen.git linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp Initialized empty Git repository in /home/hirantha/xen-4.0.1/linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp/.git/ fatal: Unable to look up git.kernel.org (port 9418) (Name or service not known) make[3]: *** [linux-2.6-pvops.git/.valid-src] Error 128 make[3]: Leaving directory/home/hirantha/xen-4.0.1' make[2]: * [linux-2.6-pvops-install] Error 2 make[2]: Leaving directory /home/hirantha/xen-4.0.1' make[1]: *** [install-kernels] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory/home/hirantha/xen-4.0.1' make: * [world] Error 2 hirantha@hirantha-desktop:~/xen-4.0.1$ ^C hirantha@hirantha-desktop:~/xen-4.0. What is this error? How can i solve this?

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• Sshfs is not working..

  - by Devrim

  Hi, When I run sshpass -p 'mypass' sshfs 'root'@'68.19.40.16':/ '/dir' -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no,debug It successfully mounts but it runs on foreground. When I run without 'debug' parameter, it doesn't mount at all. Server is ubuntu 8.04 Any ideas why? UPDATE: When I run the command as ROOT it does mount. It doesn't work with other users. here is the output of an unsuccessful mount $ sshpass -p 'pass' sshfs 'root'@'68.1.1.1':/ '/s6' -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no,sshfs_debug,loglevel=debug debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to 68.1.1.1 [68.1.1.1] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /var/www/vhosts/devrim.kodingen.com/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /var/www/vhosts/devrim.kodingen.com/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_4.7p1 Debian-8ubuntu1.2 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY Warning: Permanently added '68.1.1.1' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /var/www/vhosts/devrim.kodingen.com/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Trying private key: /var/www/vhosts/devrim.kodingen.com/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Next authentication method: password debug1: Authentication succeeded (password). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug1: Entering interactive session. debug1: Sending environment. debug1: Sending env LANG = en_GB.UTF-8 debug1: Sending subsystem: sftp Server version: 3 debug1: channel 0: free: client-session, nchannels 1 debug1: fd 0 clearing O_NONBLOCK debug1: Killed by signal 1.

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• Time drift in Cloud Server - need to mainpulate GRUB config

  - by Aditya Advani

  We are hosting a VPS on a popular host and are experiencing a regular time drift of several minutes a day forward (approx 7). Linux Kernel: 2.6.18-164.11.1.el5 GNU/Linux Distro: CentOS release 5.4 (Final) We reached out to our hosting provider and their support advised us " This is a known issue with Cloud Servers. To fix this you will need to add one line to your grub config located at: /boot/grub/menu.lst The line you need to add is: noapic nolapic divider=10 nolapic_timer This should correct this issue. You will need to restart after this is added in. " Because I am wary of manipulating grub, mostly I'm terrified that our server may fail to restart - I ask you guys, the pro *nix admins - where exactly in this file does the recommended insertion below: # line from 1&1 for time syncing issue (Case 5163) noapic nolapic divider=10 nolapic_timer go? Please specify where exactly, and whether the order of commands is or is not important. Why is the block below "title CentOS ..." indented? If someone could give me an overview of how this works or point me to a resource that's easy to follow, that's what I'm looking for immediately, a light overview or basic understanding of what I;m doing. If GRUB and bootloaders are a deep dark treasure trove of kernel hacking or something, that's great well-recommended in-depth resources are also very welcome. This is my current /boot/grub/menu.lst # grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file #boot=/dev/sda # serial --unit=0 --speed=57600 terminal --timeout=5 serial console timeout=5 title CentOS (2.6.18-164.11.1.el5) root (hd0,0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-164.11.1.el5 ro root=/dev/hda1 console=tty0 console=tty initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.18-164.11.1.el5.img MOST IMPORTANT: I need to know where in the file above it is appropriate to paste the suggested line so I can confidently restart my VPS after manipulating GRUB config

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• E-mail hosting provider that can set up aliases with wildcards

  - by Richard Downer

  I am looking for an e-mail hosting provider that allow e-mail aliases containing wildcards. In more detail: I own my own domain. I want an e-mail hosting provider to manager e-mail for my domain. Now, to help deal with spam, I often give different e-mail addresses to different organisations. These e-mail addresses always start with the same prefix, but then differ. So, for example, I might give out these e-mail addresses: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] I want to be able to go to the e-mail provider's control panel and set up an e-mail alias like this: [email protected] -- bounce/discard (because this address has been sold to spammers) joe-*@sample.com -- redirect to [email protected] What's I don't want to do is either have to set up every single e-mail address individually (because I make them up whenever I need them), nor do I want to have a general catch-all for any unrecognised address in my domain (because I don't want to be carpet-bombed with spam when a spammer runs a dictionary attack against my domain name.) Although this seems like a useful feature to have, it seems to be a little-known feature and I've not seen anybody advertise this feature. My current hosting provider offer this but I want to move away from them, so I need another provider that will continue to work with all the e-mail addresses I've been using for years. Alternatively, I could use mail server software that runs on Windows - I have seen some commercial packages offering this feature but they cost more than I can afford - are there any suggestions for low-cost software packages?

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• Linux Kernel Packet Forwarding Performance

  - by Bob Somers

  I've been using a Linux box as a router for some time now. Nothing too fancy, just enabling forwarding in the kernel, turning on masquerading, and setting up iptables to poke a few holes in the firewall. Recently a friend of mine pointed out a performance problem. Single TCP connections seem to experience very poor performance. You have to open multiple parallel TCP connections to get decent speed. For example, I have a 10 Mbit internet connection. When I download a file from a known-fast source using something like the DownThemAll! extension for Firefox (which opens multiple parallel TCP connections) I can get it to max out my downstream bandwidth at around 1 MB/s. However, when I download the same file using the built-in download manager in Firefox (uses only a single TCP connection) it starts fast and the speed tanks until it tops out around 100 KB/s to 350 KB/s. I've checked the internal network and it doesn't seem to have any problems. Everything goes through a 100 Mbit switch. I've also run iperf both internally (from the router to my desktop) and externally (from my desktop to a Linux box I own out on the net) and haven't seen any problems. It tops out around 1 MB/s like it should. Speedtest.net also reports 10 Mbits speeds. The load on the Linux machine is around 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 all the time, and it's got plenty of free RAM. It's an older laptop with a Pentium M 1.6 GHz processor and 1 GB of RAM. The internal network is connected to the built in Intel NIC and the cable modem is connected to a Netgear FA511 32-bit PCMCIA network card. I think the problem is with the packet forwarding in the router, but I honestly am not sure where the problem could be. Is there anything that would substantially slow down a single TCP stream?

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• Fix stubborn 'Setting locale failed.'

  - by plua

  I have a very stubborn, well-known locale error on Ubuntu 9.10: perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LANGUAGE = (unset), LC_ALL = (unset), LC_TIME = "custom.UTF-8", LANG = "en_US.UTF-8" Tried the following: Added LANG=en_US.UTF-8 and LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 to /etc/environment Run apt-get install --reinstall locales (error: perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). /usr/bin/mandb: can't set the locale; make sure $LC_* and $LANG are correct) Run sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales. Result: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory, and then updates locales all locales including en_US.UTF-8 sudo locale-gen updates all locales successfully, including en_US.UTF-8 sudo locale-gen un_US en_US.UTF-8 gives no error nor other output In /etc/default/locale it says LANG="en_US.UTF-8" echo $LANG gives en_US.UTF-8 /var/lib/locales/supported.d/local says en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 locale -a gives me: C en_AG en_AU.utf8 en_BW.utf8 en_CA.utf8 en_DK.utf8 en_GB.utf8 en_HK.utf8 en_IE.utf8 en_IN en_NG en_NZ.utf8 en_PH.utf8 en_SG.utf8 en_US.utf8 en_ZA.utf8 en_ZW.utf8 POSIX So well... I am pretty much out of options I can think of. Anybody any idea?? Thanks!

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• Why does nmap ping scan over a VPN link return all hosts alive?

  - by ewwhite

  I'm curious as to why running an nmap -sP (ping scan) on a remote subnet linked via a Cisco site-to-site IPSec tunnel returns "host up" status for every IP in the range. [root@xt ~]# nmap -sP 192.168.108.* Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2012-11-22 14:08 CST Host 192.168.108.0 appears to be up. Host 192.168.108.1 appears to be up. Host 192.168.108.2 appears to be up. Host 192.168.108.3 appears to be up. Host 192.168.108.4 appears to be up. Host 192.168.108.5 appears to be up. . . . Host 192.168.108.252 appears to be up. Host 192.168.108.253 appears to be up. Host 192.168.108.254 appears to be up. Host 192.168.108.255 appears to be up. Nmap finished: 256 IP addresses (256 hosts up) scanned in 14.830 seconds However, a ping of a known-down IP simply times out or doesn't return anything... [root@xt ~]# ping 192.168.108.201 PING 192.168.108.201 (192.168.108.201) 56(84) bytes of data. --- 192.168.108.201 ping statistics --- 144 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 143001ms Is there a more effective way to scan live devices connected in this manner?

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• ZFS - Impact of L2ARC cache device failure (Nexenta)

  - by ewwhite

  I have an HP ProLiant DL380 G7 server running as a NexentaStor storage unit. The server has 36GB RAM, 2 LSI 9211-8i SAS controllers (no SAS expanders), 2 SAS system drives, 12 SAS data drives, a hot-spare disk, an Intel X25-M L2ARC cache and a DDRdrive PCI ZIL accelerator. This system serves NFS to multiple VMWare hosts. I also have about 90-100GB of deduplicated data on the array. I've had two incidents where performance tanked suddenly, leaving the VM guests and Nexenta SSH/Web consoles inaccessible and requiring a full reboot of the array to restore functionality. In both cases, it was the Intel X-25M L2ARC SSD that failed or was "offlined". NexentaStor failed to alert me on the cache failure, however the general ZFS FMA alert was visible on the (unresponsive) console screen. The zpool status output showed: pool: vol1 state: ONLINE scan: scrub repaired 0 in 0h57m with 0 errors on Sat May 21 05:57:27 2011 config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM vol1 ONLINE 0 0 0 mirror-0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c8t5000C50031B94409d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c9t5000C50031BBFE25d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 mirror-1 ONLINE 0 0 0 c10t5000C50031D158FDd0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t5000C5002C823045d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 mirror-2 ONLINE 0 0 0 c12t5000C50031D91AD1d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c2t5000C50031D911B9d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 mirror-3 ONLINE 0 0 0 c13t5000C50031BC293Dd0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c14t5000C50031BD208Dd0 ONLINE 0 0 0 mirror-4 ONLINE 0 0 0 c15t5000C50031BBF6F5d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c16t5000C50031D8CFADd0 ONLINE 0 0 0 mirror-5 ONLINE 0 0 0 c17t5000C50031BC0E01d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c18t5000C5002C7CCE41d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 logs c19t0d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 cache c6t5001517959467B45d0 FAULTED 2 542 0 too many errors spares c7t5000C50031CB43D9d0 AVAIL errors: No known data errors This did not trigger any alerts from within Nexenta. I was under the impression that an L2ARC failure would not impact the system. But in this case, it surely was the culprit. I've never seen any recommendations to RAID L2ARC. Removing the bad SSD entirely from the server got me back running, but I'm concerned about the impact of the device failure (and maybe the lack of notification from NexentaStor as well). Edit - What's the current best-choice SSD for L2ARC cache applications these days?

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• How to write files in specific order?

  - by Bernie

  Okay, here's a weird problem -- My wife just bought a 2014 Nissan Altima. So, I took her iTunes library and converted the .m4a files to .mp3, since the car audio system only supports .mp3 and .wma. So far so good. Then I copied the files to a DOS FAT-32 formatted USB thumb drive, and connected the drive to the car's USB port, only to find all of the tracks were out of sequence. All tracks begin with a two digit numeric prefix, i.e., 01, 02, 03, etc. So you would think they would be in order. So I called Nissan Connect support and the rep told me that there is a known problem with reading files in the correct order. He said the files are read in the same order they are written. So, I manually copied a few albums with the tracks in a predetermined order, and sure enough he was correct. So I copied about 6 albums for testing, then changed to the top level directory and did a "find . music.txt". Then I passed this file to rsync like this: rsync -av --files-from=music.txt . ../Marys\ Music\ Sequenced/ The files looked like they were copied in order, but when I listed the files in order of modified time, they were in the same sequence as the original files: ../Marys Music Sequenced/Air Supply/Air Supply Greatest Hits ls -1rt 01 Lost In Love.mp3 04 Every Woman In The World.mp3 03 Chances.mp3 02 All Out Of Love.mp3 06 Here I Am (Just When I Thought I Was Over You).mp3 05 The One That You Love.mp3 08 I Want To Give It All.mp3 07 Sweet Dreams.mp3 11 Young Love.mp3 So the question is, how can I copy files listed in a file named music.txt, and copy them to a destination, and ensure the modification times are in the same sequence as the files are listed?

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• Freeradius authentication failed for unknown reason

  - by Moein7tl

  I followed this instruction to force freeradius to use mysql database. and run freeradius in debug mod. but it rejects all authentication. mysql database : mysql select * from radcheck; +----+----------+-----------+----+---------+ | id | username | attribute | op | value | +----+----------+-----------+----+---------+ | 1 | test | Password | == | test123 | | 2 | test | Auth-Type | == | Local | +----+----------+-----------+----+---------+ 2 rows in set (0.02 sec) radtest command : # radtest test test123 localhost 0 testing123 Sending Access-Request of id 235 to 127.0.0.1 port 1812 User-Name = "test" User-Password = "test123" NAS-IP-Address = 127.0.0.1 NAS-Port = 0 Message-Authenticator = 0x00000000000000000000000000000000 rad_recv: Access-Reject packet from host 127.0.0.1 port 1812, id=235, length=20 radiusd debug mod log: rad_recv: Access-Request packet from host 127.0.0.1 port 51034, id=235, length=74 User-Name = "test" User-Password = "test123" NAS-IP-Address = 127.0.0.1 NAS-Port = 0 Message-Authenticator = 0xbf111cbbae24fb0f0a558bfa26f53476 # Executing section authorize from file /usr/local/etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default +- entering group authorize {...} ++[preprocess] returns ok ++[chap] returns noop ++[mschap] returns noop ++[digest] returns noop [suffix] No '@' in User-Name = "test", looking up realm NULL [suffix] No such realm "NULL" ++[suffix] returns noop [eap] No EAP-Message, not doing EAP ++[eap] returns noop ++[files] returns noop ++[expiration] returns noop ++[logintime] returns noop [pap] WARNING! No "known good" password found for the user. Authentication may fail because of this. ++[pap] returns noop ERROR: No authenticate method (Auth-Type) found for the request: Rejecting the user Failed to authenticate the user. Using Post-Auth-Type Reject # Executing group from file /usr/local/etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default +- entering group REJECT {...} [attr_filter.access_reject] expand: %{User-Name} - test attr_filter: Matched entry DEFAULT at line 11 ++[attr_filter.access_reject] returns updated Delaying reject of request 20 for 1 seconds Going to the next request Waking up in 0.9 seconds. Sending delayed reject for request 20 Sending Access-Reject of id 235 to 127.0.0.1 port 51034 Waking up in 4.9 seconds. Cleaning up request 20 ID 235 with timestamp +4325 Ready to process requests. where is the problem and how should I solve it?

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• iPhone Remote with iTunes Library via VPN

  - by sudo work

  Alright, so I'm currently behind a network router (not under my control). The router performs NAT and somehow prevents a computer from scanning other nodes. At least, you're unable, in this instance, to locate an iTunes library. You can, however, communicate with a node's open ports if the local IP address is known, as well as the port. I haven't actually tried port scanning a specific IP using nmap or another tool yet. So I've tried one solution to remove the contribution of the router entirely (to verify that it works without the influence of the routers). I set up an access point using my iPhone and tethered my computer (with the library) to it. From here, I was able to pair my library and the iPhone Remote application. Control of the library was normal as well. This solution is not ideal, however, because I am actively using bandwidth with my computer and cannot afford to be tethered to my 3G connection. A viable solution for me is to use a common VPN connection, which I have set up on a Ubuntu (Intrepid) server that is remote. Both my computer and iPhone are able to access the VPN via PPTP. The server is setup with PPTPD as the VPN-server; I'm using IPTables to perform IP masquerading and forwarding traffic. I however, still cannot connect the library to the phone. I can however, see both devices on the VPN subnet (192.168.0.0/24). SSH'ing and such works fine. What settings on the VPN server must I change to get this to work? Also, how can I assign static IP addresses to various PPTP clients based on MAC addresses?

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• Problem running mysql client, cannot connect to mysql server

  - by ehsanul

  Edit3: Thanks for the help everyone. Sorry for wasting anybody's time, but it seems like a simple reboot solved it. I should've known better, but I just had the assumption that the "restart" solution is mostly valid just for MS Windows (no offense). I'll keep this in mind before I ask a question here again. I installed the mysql-client-5.0 and mysql-server-5.0 packages on Ubuntu 8.04, using sudo apt-get install. When I try to run the "mysql" command, I get the following error: ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2) To verify that mysql server is running, I tried this, and it does seem to be running, with the correct socket too: $ ps aux | grep mysql root 13388 0.0 0.0 1772 528 ? S 06:24 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe mysql 13553 0.0 1.4 127012 15332 ? Sl 06:25 0:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --skip-external-locking --port=3306 --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock root 13555 0.0 0.0 3008 696 ? S 06:25 0:00 logger -p daemon.err -t mysqld_safe -i -t mysqld ehsanul 16910 0.0 0.0 3092 772 pts/4 R+ 07:17 0:00 grep mysql So I don't understand why I'm getting an error trying to connect to mysql server. Note that I'm completely new to mysql. Edit: As requested in comments, the exact command that is returning the error is simply "sudo mysql". And when I check netstats for active networks services, I do see an entry for port 3306, with Protocol: tcp, IP Source: 127.0.0.1, State: LISTEN Edit2: It appears as if the /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock socket doesn't exist (if I'm interpreting the following output correctly): $ ls -al /var/run/mysqld/ total 0 drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql root 40 2009-08-06 06:36 . drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 860 2009-08-06 06:25 ..

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• ClearType setting ignored in Windows Virtual PC with Windows XP Pro

  - by Yadyn

  I have a VM set up through Windows Virtual PC for Windows XP Pro and I have been completely unable to get ClearType to work. I have turned it on in the Display - Appearance - Effects dialog but it seems like it completely ignores this. All text is still without any anti-aliasing. Even setting it to normal smoothing doesn't work. If I disable Integration Features, it seems to work, but then I lose a lot of nice features. What's weirder, is that the Windows XP Mode installed with Windows Virtual PC (this is separate from my XP Pro VM) works with both ClearType and Integration Features just fine. I turned it on the same way and it works like a charm, no problems. I'm running Windows 7 Professional 64-bit as the host OS and have the latest (to my knowledge) Windows Virtual PC installed. The only funny business I can think of is that I've enabled 24-bit color via the Group Policy setting inside each XP virtual machine (both Pro and the stripped down XP mode copy). This is a fairly well-known trick documented all over the web, but here's a typical post about it.

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• How to configure amavisd-new for only scanning on particular senders/servers?

  - by mailq

  I'd like to know how to configure amavisd-new to only scan for Spam on particular clients (IPs, CIDRs or hostnames) or alternatively sender's email domain. I know that it is possible to do it on a recipient's mail address but not on how to do it for the sender's mail address. It is even possible to do it on a recipient's IP address with policy banks. But my approach should be to be independent of recipient and only relay on the sender. What I want to accomplish is to only scan mails originating from Yahoo, Google, Hotmail and the other big senders. So it is easier to configure which senders should be observed than the ones that shouldn't. I known that it is easier to achieve on the MTA side, but that is not part of the question because I already go a solution on the MTA side. I want to do it on amavisd-new. And it doesn't help to know how to put senders on a whitelist, as this still means that the mail goes through all the scanning but then gets a high negative score. The mail shouldn't be scanned at all unless sent by the big players. So which parameters in amavisd-new is the right one to enable scanning for particular senders and only for these?

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• Cannot push to GitHub from Amazon EC2 Linux instance

  - by Eli

  Having the worst luck push files to a repo from EC2 to GitHub. I have my ssh key setup and added to Github. Here are the results of ssh -v [email protected] OpenSSH_5.3p1, OpenSSL 1.0.0g-fips 18 Jan 2012 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to github.com [207.97.227.239] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5github2 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5github2 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.3 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host 'github.com' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/identity debug1: Offering public key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Remote: Forced command: gerve eliperelman 81:5f:8a:b2:42:6d:4e:8c:2d:ba:9a:8a:2b:9e:1a:90 debug1: Remote: Port forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: X11 forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: Agent forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: Pty allocation disabled. debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-rsa blen 277 debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey).

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• Amazon AWS Ec2 instance, Elastic IP, Domain name from external domainseller, and Google Apps for Email

  - by Sid

  We are hosting our site on an Ec2 instance. Our Elastic IP is w.x.y.z and Public DNS is: ec2-w-x-y-z.compute-1.amazonaws.com. We've bought a domain name domainname.com from a lesser known domain-name-seller. We added an A-record pointing domainname.com to w.x.y.z. Will this work or do we need a CNAME record to point to the same too? We wanted to use Google apps for emailing so adjusted the TXT/MX records according to the Google Apps instructions to be able to send/recv email using @domainname.com email addresses. Have we got it right, more important, we came across queries relating to email sent from ec2-w-x-y-z.compute-1.amazonaws.com (our users can send email from their onsite accounts) going to spam (rDNS not pointing to domainname.com but to ec2-w-x-y-z.compute-1.amazonaws.com). How can we fix this? We came across SPF records, do they provide a complete solution? We aren't sure as to how to use them. Can you help pls? Thank you, Sid

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• SSH hangs without password prompt

  - by Wilco

  Just reinstalled OS X and for some reason I now cannot connect to a specific machine on my local network via SSH. I can SSH to other machines on the network without any problems, and other machines can SSH to the problematic one as well. I'm not sure where to start looking for problems - can anyone point me in the right direction? Here's a dump of a connection attempt: OpenSSH_5.1p1, OpenSSL 0.9.7l 28 Sep 2006 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Connecting to 10.0.1.7 [10.0.1.7] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /Users/nwilliams/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/nwilliams/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/nwilliams/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_4.5 debug1: match: OpenSSH_4.5 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host '10.0.1.7' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /Users/nwilliams/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password,keyboard-interactive debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-keyex debug1: No valid Key exchange context debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic ... at this point it hangs for quite a while, and then resumes ... debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information Server not found in Kerberos database debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information Server not found in Kerberos database debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /Users/nwilliams/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /Users/nwilliams/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Trying private key: /Users/nwilliams/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive

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• Deploying a Git server in a AWS linux instance

  - by Leroux

  I'm making a git server on my linux instance in AWS. I tried doing it using these instructions but in the end I always get stuck with a "Permission denied (publickey)" message. So here is my detailed steps, the client is my windows machine running mysysgit and the server is the AWS ubuntu instance : 1) I created user Git with a simple password. 2) Created the ssh directory in ~/.ssh 3) On the client I created ssh keys using ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 1024, they got dropped in my /Users/[Name]/.ssh directory, id_rsa and id_rsa.pub key pair was created. 4) Using notepad I copy pasted the text into newly created files on the server in the ~/.ssh directory of my Git user. ~/.ssh/id_rsa and **~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub** were copied. 5) On the server I made the authorized_hosts file using "cat id_rsa.pub authorized_hosts" (while inside the .ssh directory) 6) Now to test it, on my client machine I did ssh -v git@[ip.address] 7) Result : debug1: Host 'ip.address' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /c/Users/[Name]/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /c/Users/[Name]/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /c/Users/[Name]/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Offering public key: /c/Users/[Name]/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey). I would appreciate any insight anyone can give me.

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• pam debugging "check pass; user unknown"

  - by lvc

  I am attempting to get Prosody authenticating with its auth_pam module. It is configured to use the pam service name xmpp. The pam.d/xmpp file is copied straight from the one configured for dovecot (originally taken from, I think, dovecot's documentation), which is known to be working: # cat /etc/pam.d/xmpp auth required pam_unix.so nullok debug account required pam_unix.so debug Logging in with dovecot works wonderfully. Logging in with prosody, with exactly the same username and password, causes Prosody to return 'Not authorized', and the following in journalctl -f: Oct 29 22:12:14 riscque.net prosody[9396]: c2s1d010b0: Client sent opening <stream:stream> to riscque.net Oct 29 22:12:14 riscque.net prosody[9396]: c2s1d010b0: Sent reply <stream:stream> to client Oct 29 22:12:14 riscque.net prosody[9396]: [178B blob data] Oct 29 22:12:14 riscque.net unix_chkpwd[9408]: check pass; user unknown Oct 29 22:12:14 riscque.net prosody[9396]: pam_unix(xmpp:auth): conversation failed Oct 29 22:12:14 riscque.net prosody[9396]: pam_unix(xmpp:auth): unable to obtain a password Oct 29 22:12:14 riscque.net prosody[9396]: pam_unix(xmpp:auth): auth could not identify password for [lvc] Oct 29 22:12:14 riscque.net prosody[9396]: riscque.net:saslauth: sasl reply: <failure xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-sasl'><not-authorized/><text>Unable to authorize you with the authentication credentials you&apos;ve sent.</text></failure> This series of errors seems mutually contradictory - first it says "user unknown", but then that it can't obtain the password for lvc - this username certainly exists on the system. What is likely going on here, and how would I debug this further?

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