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  • Testing variable types in Python

    - by Jasper
    Hello, I'm creating an initialising function for the class 'Room', and found that the program wouldn't accept the tests I was doing on the input variables. Why is this? def __init__(self, code, name, type, size, description, objects, exits): self.code = code self.name = name self.type = type self.size = size self.description = description self.objects = objects self.exits = exits #Check for input errors: if type(self.code) != type(str()): print 'Error found in module rooms.py!' print 'Error number: 110' elif type(self.name) != type(str()): print 'Error found in module rooms.py!' print 'Error number: 111' elif type(self.type) != type(str()): print 'Error found in module rooms.py!' print 'Error number: 112' elif type(self.size) != type(int()): print 'Error found in module rooms.py!' print 'Error number: 113' elif type(self.description) != type(str()): print 'Error found in module rooms.py!' print 'Error number: 114' elif type(self.objects) != type(list()): print 'Error found in module rooms.py!' print 'Error number: 115' elif type(self.exits) != type(tuple()): print 'Error found in module rooms.py!' print 'Error number: 116' When I run this I get this error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/Jasper/Development/Programming/MyProjects/Game Making Challenge/Europa I/rooms.py", line 148, in <module> myRoom = Room(101, 'myRoom', 'Basic Room', 5, '<insert description>', myObjects, myExits) File "/Users/Jasper/Development/Programming/MyProjects/Game Making Challenge/Europa I/rooms.py", line 29, in __init__ if type(self.code) != type(str()): TypeError: 'str' object is not callable

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  • C# newbie problem with variable types

    - by ile
    int newWidth = 100; int newHeight = 100; double ratio = 0; if (img1.Width > img1.Height) { ratio = img1.Width / img1.Height; newHeight = (int)(newHeight / ratio); } else { ratio = img1.Height / img1.Width; newWidth = (int)(newWidth / ratio); } Image bmp1 = img1.GetThumbnailImage(newWidth, newHeight, null, IntPtr.Zero); bmp1.Save(Server.MapPath("~/Uploads/Photos/Thumbnails/") + photo.PhotoID + ".jpg"); I always get Image with both height and width having same values (100) I am obiously doing something wrong with type conversion?

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  • c++ problem, maybe with types...

    - by Infinity
    Hi guys! I have a little problem in my code. The variables don't want to change their values. Can you say why? Here is my code: vector<coordinate> rocks(N); double angle; double x, y; // other code while (x > 1.0 || x < -1.0 || y > 1.0 || y < -1.0) { angle = rand() * 2.0 * M_PI; cout << angle << endl; cout << rocks[i - 1].x << endl; cout << rocks[i - 1].y << endl; x = rocks[i-1].x + r0 * cos(angle); y = rocks[i-1].y + r0 * sin(angle); cout << x << endl; cout << y << endl << endl; } // other code And the result on the console is: 6.65627e+09 0.99347 0.984713 1.09347 0.984713 1.16964e+09 0.99347 0.984713 1.09347 0.984713 As you see the values of x, y variables doesn't change and this while be an infinity loop. What's the problem? What do you think?

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  • Types in a struct in C

    - by drigoSkalWalker
    In this article : http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/macxhelp/v6v81/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.vacpp6m.doc/language/ref/clrc03defst.htm What's means the sentence "In C, a structure member may be of any type except "function returning T" (for some type T)" Thanks for all the answers!

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  • Make All Types Constant by Default in C++

    - by Jon Purdy
    What is the simplest and least obtrusive way to indicate to the compiler, whether by means of compiler options, #defines, typedefs, or templates, that every time I say T, I really mean T const? I would prefer not to make use of an external preprocessor. Since I don't use the mutable keyword, that would be acceptable to repurpose to indicate mutable state. Potential (suboptimal) solutions so far: // I presume redefinition of keywords is implementation-defined or illegal. #define int int const #define ptr * const int i(0); int ptr j(&i); typedef int const Int; typedef int const* const Intp; Int i(0); Intp j(&i); template<class T> struct C { typedef T const type; typedef T const* const ptr; }; C<int>::type i(0); C<int>::ptr j(&i);

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  • Getting default value for java primitive types

    - by ripper234
    I have a java primitive type at hand: Class c = int.class; // or long.class, or boolean.class I'd like to get a 'default value' for this class - specifically the value is assigned to fields of this type if they are not initialized. E.g., '0' for a number, 'false' for a boolean. Is there a generic way to do this? I tried c.newInstance() But I'm getting an InstantiationException, and not a default instance.

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  • Data types for validation

    - by nevalu
    How to create a new data type which to can check/validate its schema when is created a new variable (of that type)? By example, to validate if a string has 20 characters, I tried: {{{ // Format: 2006-01-12T06:06:06Z func date(str string) { if len(str) != 20 { fmt.Println("error") } } var Date = date() type Account struct { domain string username string created Date } }}} but it faills because Date is not a type.

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  • Parsing values from XML into types of Type

    - by DrLazer
    check this out Type configPropType = configurableProp.getPropertyType(); string attValue = xmlelement.GetAttribute(configurableProp.getName()); configProps[configurableProp.getName()] = attValue; At the point where I am setting the value that got read in from XML it turns out the assigning object needs to be parsed to the correct type for it to work. I need something like. configProps[configurableProp.getName()] = configPropType.ParseToThisType(attValue); Looked around on msdn but its a very confusing place.

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  • Compiler error when using abstract types

    - by Dylan
    I'm trying to implement a "protocol helper" trait that is responsible for matching up Prompts and Responses. The eventual goal is to have an object that defines the various Prompt and Response classes as subclasses of a sealed trait, then have a class that mixes in the ProtocolSupport trait for that Protocol object. The problem is that my current approach won't compile, even though I'm fairly sure it should. Here's a distilled version of what I've got: trait Protocol { type Response type Prompt <: BasePrompt trait BasePrompt { type Data def validate(response: Response): Validated[Data] } } trait ProtocolSupport[P <: Protocol] { def foo(prompt: P#Prompt, response: P#Response) = { // compiler error prompt.validate(response) } } The compiler doesn't like the response as an argument to prompt.validate: [error] found : response.type (with underlying type P#Response) [error] required: _4.Response where val _4: P [error] prompt.validate(response) [error] ^ This isn't very helpful.. it seems to say that it wants a P.Response but that's exactly what I'm giving it, so what's the problem?

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  • Dilemma with two types and operator +

    - by user35443
    I have small problem with operators. I have this code: public class A { public string Name { get; set; } public A() { } public A(string Name) { this.Name = Name; } public static implicit operator B(A a) { return new B(a.Name); } public static A operator+(A a, A b) { return new A(a.Name + " " + b.Name); } } public class B { public string Name { get; set; } public B() { } public B(string Name) { this.Name = Name; } public static implicit operator A(B b) { return new A(b.Name); } public static B operator +(B b, B a) { return new B(b.Name + " " + a.Name); } } Now I want to know, which's conversion operator will be called and which's addition operator will be called in this operation: new A("a") + new B("b"); Will it be operator of A, or of B? (Or both?) Thanks....

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  • C# 3.5 Merge 2 lists of 2 different types

    - by Ehsan
    I have 2 generic Lists List<type1> L1 , List<type2> L2 in C# 3.5 Problem: type1 has an attribute called "key1" and type2 has an attribute called "key2" How to merge L1 and L2 on key1 = key2. Both lists are unsorted but I'm welcome to any ideas on how to sort the lists based on the attribute. I'd like to be able to merge the two lists on a key. I know it's not a dictionary and it would've been nice if it was but there is a very specific reason why they are lists which I will not get in to because that is irrelevant.

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  • Design classes/interface to support methods returning different types

    - by Nayn
    Hi, I have classes as below. public interface ITest <T> { public T MethodHere(); } public class test1 implements ITest<String> { String MethodHere(){ return "Bla"; } } public class test2 implements ITest<Integer> { Integer MethodHere(){ return Integer.valueOf(2); } } public class ITestFactory { public static ITest getInstance(int type) { if(type == 1) return new test1(); else if(type == 2) return new test2(); } } There is a warning in the factory class that ITest is used as raw type. What modification should I do to get rid of it? Thanks Nayn

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  • Class templating std::set key types

    - by TomFLuff
    I have a class to evaluate set algebra but wish to template it. At the minute it looks a bit like this set.h: template<typename T> class SetEvaluation { public: SetEvaluation<T>(); std::set<T> evaluate(std::string in_expression); } set.cpp template<typename T> std::set<T> SetEvaluation<T>::evaluate(std::string expression) { std::set<T> result; etc etc... } But i'm getting undefined reference errors when compiling. Is it possible to declare the return type as std::set<T> and then pass std::string as the class template param. There are no errors in the class but only when I try to instantiate SetEvaluation<std::string> Can anyone shed light on this problem? thanks

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  • Determining unknown content-types with the Html5 file api

    - by Jesse
    I'm working through a small file upload script (learning experience) and I noticed that when selecting microsoft office related files (.doc or .docx for example) the file objects do not have a type specified: For .doc files I had expected the type to be "application/msword" and along the same train of thought .docx to be "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document". In the cases when the type cannot be determined is the correct course of action to look at the file extension and match that to the "expected" content / mime type? Sample script: <div id="fileUpload"> <input type="file" id="fileElem" style="display:none;" onchange="handleFiles(this.files)"/> <a href="#" id="fileSelect">Select some files</a> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var fileSelect = document.getElementById("fileSelect"), fileElem = document.getElementById("fileElem"); fileSelect.addEventListener("click", function (e) { if (fileElem) { fileElem.click(); } e.preventDefault(); }, false); function handleFiles(files) { console.log(files); } </script>

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  • Nested/Sub data types in haskell

    - by Tom Carstens
    So what would be nice is if you could do something like the following (not necessarily with this format, just the general idea): data Minor = MinorA | MinorB data Major = Minor | MajorB isMinor :: Major -> Bool isMinor Minor = True isMinor _ = False So isMinor MinorA would report True (instead of an error.) At the moment you might do something like: data Major = MinorA | MinorB | MajorB isMinor :: Major -> Bool isMinor MinorA = True isMinor MinorB = True isMinor _ = False It's not terrible or anything, but it doesn't expand nicely (as in if Minor when up to MinorZ this would be terribly clunky). To avoid that problem you can wrap Minor: data Minor = MinorA | MinorB data Major = MajorA Minor | MajorB isMinor :: Major -> Bool isMinor (MajorA _) = True isMinor _ = False But now you have to make sure to wrap your Minors to use them as a Major... again not terrible; just doesn't really express the semantics I'd like very well (i.e. Major can be any Minor or MajorB). The first (legal) example is "Major can be MinorA..." but doesn't have any knowledge of Minor and the second is "Major can be MajorA that takes a Minor..." p.s. No, this isn't really about anything concrete.

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  • problem with Expression not equal types

    - by user428547
    class first { private int? firstID; } class second { private int secondID; private int secondField; } public override Expression<Func<first, bool>> FirstFilter() { Contex db = new Contex(); List<second> list = (from p in db.second select p).ToList(); return b => list.Select(p => p.secondID).Contains(b.firstID); } and i have error: cannot convert from 'System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable' to 'System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable' i have tried many diferent ways, but i just don't know how can i fix it.

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  • Normalization two types of customers into one table

    - by JDewzy
    I am trying to model a sales situation where you can sell to a person or to a business with a contact person. I cannot figure out the proper way to do this. It seems like 2 tables would be incorrect. But how do I model a Customer table that can be a business or a person? Would I just have a boolean for "business" and an additional "business_name" field that would default to Null. But then I have to do an if/then on the columns and that seems like poor design. Any advice, direction, or links is appreciated.

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  • What is the evidence that an API has exceeded its orthogonality in the context of types?

    - by hawkeye
    Wikipedia defines software orthogonality as: orthogonality in a programming language means that a relatively small set of primitive constructs can be combined in a relatively small number of ways to build the control and data structures of the language. The term is most-frequently used regarding assembly instruction sets, as orthogonal instruction set. Jason Coffin has defined software orthogonality as Highly cohesive components that are loosely coupled to each other produce an orthogonal system. C.Ross has defined software orthogonality as: the property that means "Changing A does not change B". An example of an orthogonal system would be a radio, where changing the station does not change the volume and vice-versa. Now there is a hypothesis published in the the ACM Queue by Tim Bray - that some have called the Bánffy Bray Type System Criteria - which he summarises as: Static typings attractiveness is a direct function (and dynamic typings an inverse function) of API surface size. Dynamic typings attractiveness is a direct function (and static typings an inverse function) of unit testing workability. Now Stuart Halloway has reformulated Banfy Bray as: the more your APIs exceed orthogonality, the better you will like static typing My question is: What is the evidence that an API has exceeded its orthogonality in the context of types? Clarification Tim Bray introduces the idea of orthogonality and APIs. Where you have one API and it is mainly dealing with Strings (ie a web server serving requests and responses), then a uni-typed language (python, ruby) is 'aligned' to that API - because the the type system of these languages isn't sophisticated, but it doesn't matter since you're dealing with Strings anyway. He then moves on to Android programming, which has a whole bunch of sensor APIs, which are all 'different' to the web server API that he was working on previously. Because you're not just dealing with Strings, but with different types, the API is non-orthogonal. Tim's point is that there is a empirical relationship between your 'liking' of types and the API you're programming against. (ie a subjective point is actually objective depending on your context).

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  • ???:2013?10??PSU???!

    - by ??
    ???:2013?10??PSU???!10?16? Oracle ??????PSU/SPU(CPU)????,????????????:??11.2.0.4 ?????8??????,?????PSU????11.2.0.4???,???????PSU??2014?1???? 12.1.0.1??????PSU(12.1.0.1.1)??GI?PSU;   ?????PUS???EXADATA???-GI?PSU???EXADATA???;  ????????PDB?????,???????????????;  ?12c????,SPU??????????,??????PSU,??????????????;11.2.0.2.12?11.2.0.2?????PSU      ???????????"Patch Set Update and Critical Patch Update October 2013 Availability Document" (Doc ID 1571391.1)?,     ??????:"3.1.4.4 Oracle Database 11.2.0.2", ? 11 ????????;     ?????????Oracle????????????,????????     ??"Release Schedule of Current Database Releases" (Doc ID 742060.1) ???;     ??????PSU????????11.2.0.2?PSU?????,??????????????;11.2.0.2.12 ? 11.1.0.7.17 PSU ??????????????,???????????????.10.2.0.5.13 ?PSU????,??????????????     10.2(.0.5)?????????(Extended Support)???7????,?????10.2.0.5 PSU?????;     ?????????,Oracle????"limited extended support"???,Limited Extended Support ????????????????,     ???????????PSU?????     ???????"limited extended support" ????????????,???????????????????PSU,     ??????????????PSU?,????PSU???,?????oracle License???????????10.2.0.4 ??,??????????PSU???;????PSU???,??????MOS??:Note: 1571655.1 Critical Patch Update October 2013 Database Known IssuesNote:1571653.1 Critical Patch October 2013 Database Patch Security Vulnerability Molecule MappingNote:1571731.1 Oracle Grid Infrastructure Patch Set Update 12.1.0.1.1 Known IssuesNote:1571652.1 Oracle Grid Infrastructure Patch Set Update 11.2.0.3.8 Known IssuesNote:1571651.1 Oracle Database Patch Set Update 12.1.0.1.1 Known IssuesNote:1571650.1 Oracle Database Patch Set Update 11.2.0.3.8 Known IssuesNote:1571649.1 Oracle Database Patch Set Update 11.2.0.2.12 Known IssuesNote:1571647.1 Oracle Database Patch Set Update 11.1.0.7.17 Known IssuesNote:1571645.1 Oracle Database Patch Set Update 10.2.0.5.13 Known IssuesNote:1227443.1 Patch Set Updates Known Issues Notes

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  • Why is this code invalid in C#?

    - by mmattax
    The following code will not compile: string foo = "bar"; Object o = foo == null ? DBNull.Value : foo; I get: Error 1 Type of conditional expression cannot be determined because there is no implicit conversion between 'System.DBNull' and 'string' To fix this, I must do something like this: string foo = "bar"; Object o = foo == null ? DBNull.Value : (Object)foo; This cast seems pointless as this is certainly legal: string foo = "bar"; Object o = foo == null ? "gork" : foo; It seems to me that when the ternary branches are of different types, the compiler will not autobox the values to the type object...but when they are of the same type then the autoboxing is automatic. In my mind the first statement should be legal... Can anyone describe why the compiler does not allow this and why the designers of C# chose to do this? I believe this is legal in Java...Though I have not verified this. Thanks. EDIT: I am asking for an understanding of why Java and C# handle this differently, what is going on underneath the scenes in C# that make this invalid. I know how to use ternary, and am not looking for a "better way" to code the examples. I understand the rules of ternary in C#, but I want to know WHY... EDIT (Jon Skeet): Removed "autoboxing" tag as no boxing is involved in this question.

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  • ADT-like polymorphism in Java (without altering class)

    - by ffriend
    In Haskell I can define following data type: data Tree = Empty | Leaf Int | Node Tree Tree and then write polymorphic function like this: depth :: Tree -> Int depth Empty = 0 depth (Leaf n) = 1 depth (Node l r) = 1 + max (depth l) (depth r) In Java I can emulate algebraic data types with interfaces: interface Tree {} class Empty implements Tree {} class Leaf implements Tree { int n; } class Node implements Tree { Tree l; Tree r; } But if I try to use Haskell-like polymorphism, I get an error: int depth(Empty node) { return 0; } int depth(Leaf node) { return 1; } int depth(Node node) { return 1 + Math.max(depth(node.l), depth(node.r)); // ERROR: Cannot resolve method 'depth(Tree)' } Correct way to overcome this is to put method depth() to each class. But what if I don't want to put it there? For example, method depth() may be not directly related to Tree and adding it to class would break business logic. Or, even worse, Tree may be written in 3rd party library that I don't have access to. In this case, what is the simplest way to implement ADT-like polymorpism? Just in case, for the moment I'm using following syntax, which is obviously ill-favored: int depth(Tree tree) { if (tree instanceof Empty) depth((Empty)tree) if (tree instanceof Leaf) depth((Leaf)tree); if (tree instanceof Node) depth((Node)tree); else throw new RuntimeException("Don't know how to find depth of " + tree.getClass()); }

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  • Accessing type members outside the class in Scala

    - by Pekka Mattila
    Hi, I am trying to understand type members in Scala. I wrote a simple example that tries to explain my question. First, I created two classes for types: class BaseclassForTypes class OwnType extends BaseclassForTypes Then, I defined an abstract type member in trait and then defined the type member in a concerete class: trait ScalaTypesTest { type T <: BaseclassForTypes def returnType: T } class ScalaTypesTestImpl extends ScalaTypesTest { type T = OwnType override def returnType: T = { new T } } Then, I want to access the type member (yes, the type is not needed here, but this explains my question). Both examples work. Solution 1. Declaring the type, but the problem here is that it does not use the type member and the type information is duplicated (caller and callee). val typeTest = new ScalaTypesTestImpl val typeObject:OwnType = typeTest.returnType // declare the type second time here true must beTrue Solution 2. Initializing the class and using the type through the object. I don't like this, since the class needs to be initialized val typeTest = new ScalaTypesTestImpl val typeObject:typeTest.T = typeTest.returnType // through an instance true must beTrue So, is there a better way of doing this or are type members meant to be used only with the internal implementation of a class?

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