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  • State of the (Commerce) Union: What the healthcare.gov hiccups teach us about the commerce customer experience

    - by Katrina Gosek
    Guest Post by Brenna Johnson, Oracle Commerce Product A lot has been said about the healthcare.gov debacle in the last week. Regardless of your feelings about the Affordable Care Act, there’s a hidden issue in this story that most of the American people don’t understand: delivering a great commerce customer experience (CX) is hard. It shouldn’t be, but it is. The reality of the government’s issues getting the healthcare site up and running smooth is something we in the online commerce community know too well.  If there’s one thing the botched launch of the site has taught us, it’s that regardless of the size of your budget or the power of an executive with a high-profile project, some of the biggest initiatives with the most attention (and the most at stake) don’t go as planned. It may even give you a moment of solace – we have the same issues! But why?  Organizations engage too many separate vendors with different technologies, running sections or pieces of a site to get live. When things go wrong, it takes time to identify the problem – and who or what is at the center of it. Unfortunately, this is a brittle way of setting up a site, making it susceptible to breaks, bugs, and scaling issues. But, it’s the reality of running a site with legacy technology constraints in today’s demanding, customer-centric market. This approach also means there’s also a lot of cooks in lots of different kitchens. You’ve got development and IT, the business and the marketing team, an external Systems Integrator to bring it all together, a digital agency or consultant, QA, product experts, 3rd party suppliers, and the list goes on. To complicate things, different business units are held responsible for different pieces of the site and managing different technologies. And again – due to legacy organizational structure and processes, this is all accepted as the normal State of the Union. Digital commerce has been commonplace for 15 years. Yet, getting a site live, maintained and performing requires orchestrating a cast of thousands (or at least, dozens), big dollars, and some finger-crossing. But it shouldn’t. The great thing about the advent of mobile commerce and the continued maturity of online commerce is that it’s forced organizations to think from the outside, in. Consumers – whether they’re shopping for shoes or a new healthcare plan – don’t care about what technology issues or processes you have behind the scenes. They just want it to work.  They want their experience to be easy, fast, and tailored to them and their needs – whatever they are. This doesn’t sound like a tall order to the American consumer – especially since they interact with sites that do work smoothly.  But the reality is that it takes scores of people, teams, check-ins, late nights, testing, and some good luck to get sites to run, and even more so at Black Friday (or October 1st) traffic levels.  The last thing on a customer’s mind is making excuses for why they can’t buy a product – just get it to work. So what is the government doing? My guess is working day and night to get the site performing  - and having to throw big money at the problem. In the meantime they’re sending frustrated online users to the call center, or even a location where a trained “navigator” can help them in-person to complete their selection. Sounds a lot like multichannel commerce (where broken communication between siloed touchpoints will only frustrate the consumer more). One thing we’ve learned is that consumers spend their time and money with brands they know and trust. When sites are easy to use and adapt to their needs, they tend to spend more, come back, and even become long-time loyalists. Achieving this may require moving internal mountains, but there’s too much at stake to ignore the sea change in how organizations are thinking about their customer. If the thought of re-thinking your internal teams, technologies, and processes sounds like a headache, think about the pain associated with losing valuable customers – and dollars. Regardless if you’re in B2B or B2C, it’s guaranteed that your competitors are making CX a priority. Those early to the game who have made CX a priority have already begun to outpace their competition. So as you’re planning for 2014, look to the news this week. Make sure the customer experience is a focus at your organization. Expectations are at record highs. Map your customer’s journey, and think from the outside, in. How easy is it for your customers to do business with you? If they interact with many touchpoints across your organization, are the call center, website, mobile environment, or brick and mortar location in sync? Do you have the technology in place to achieve this? It’s time to give the people what they want!

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  • Local LINQtoSQL Database For Your Windows Phone 7 Application

    - by Tim Murphy
    There aren’t many applications that are of value without having some for of data store.  In Windows Phone development we have a few options.  You can store text directly to isolated storage.  You can also use a number of third party libraries to create or mimic databases in isolated storage.  With Mango we gained the ability to have a native .NET database approach which uses LINQ to SQL.  In this article I will try to bring together the components needed to implement this last type of data store and fill in some of the blanks that I think other articles have left out. Defining A Database The first things you are going to need to do is define classes that represent your tables and a data context class that is used as the overall database definition.  The table class consists of column definitions as you would expect.  They can have relationships and constraints as with any relational DBMS.  Below is an example of a table definition. First you will need to add some assembly references to the code file. using System.ComponentModel;using System.Data.Linq;using System.Data.Linq.Mapping; You can then add the table class and its associated columns.  It needs to implement INotifyPropertyChanged and INotifyPropertyChanging.  Each level of the class needs to be decorated with the attribute appropriate for that part of the definition.  Where the class represents the table the properties represent the columns.  In this example you will see that the column is marked as a primary key and not nullable with a an auto generated value. You will also notice that the in the column property’s set method It uses the NotifyPropertyChanging and NotifyPropertyChanged methods in order to make sure that the proper events are fired. [Table]public class MyTable: INotifyPropertyChanged, INotifyPropertyChanging{ public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; private void NotifyPropertyChanged(string propertyName) { if(PropertyChanged != null) { PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName)); } } public event PropertyChangingEventHandler PropertyChanging; private void NotifyPropertyChanging(string propertyName) { if(PropertyChanging != null) { PropertyChanging(this, new PropertyChangingEventArgs(propertyName)); } } private int _TableKey; [Column(IsPrimaryKey = true, IsDbGenerated = true, DbType = "INT NOT NULL Identity", CanBeNull = false, AutoSync = AutoSync.OnInsert)] public int TableKey { get { return _TableKey; } set { NotifyPropertyChanging("TableKey"); _TableKey = value; NotifyPropertyChanged("TableKey"); } } The last part of the database definition that needs to be created is the data context.  This is a simple class that takes an isolated storage location connection string its constructor and then instantiates tables as public properties. public class MyDataContext: DataContext{ public MyDataContext(string connectionString): base(connectionString) { MyRecords = this.GetTable<MyTable>(); } public Table<MyTable> MyRecords;} Creating A New Database Instance Now that we have a database definition it is time to create an instance of the data context within our Windows Phone app.  When your app fires up it should check if the database already exists and create an instance if it does not.  I would suggest that this be part of the constructor of your ViewModel. db = new MyDataContext(connectionString);if(!db.DatabaseExists()){ db.CreateDatabase();} The next thing you have to know is how the connection string for isolated storage should be constructed.  The main sticking point I have found is that the database cannot be created unless the file mode is read/write.  You may have different connection strings but the initial one needs to be similar to the following. string connString = "Data Source = 'isostore:/MyApp.sdf'; File Mode = read write"; Using you database Now that you have done all the up front work it is time to put the database to use.  To make your life a little easier and keep proper separation between your view and your viewmodel you should add a couple of methods to the viewmodel.  These will do the CRUD work of your application.  What you will notice is that the SubmitChanges method is the secret sauce in all of the methods that change data. private myDataContext myDb;private ObservableCollection<MyTable> _viewRecords;public ObservableCollection<MyTable> ViewRecords{ get { return _viewRecords; } set { _viewRecords = value; NotifyPropertyChanged("ViewRecords"); }}public void LoadMedstarDbData(){ var tempItems = from MyTable myRecord in myDb.LocalScans select myRecord; ViewRecords = new ObservableCollection<MyTable>(tempItems);}public void SaveChangesToDb(){ myDb.SubmitChanges();}public void AddMyTableItem(MyTable newScan){ myDb.LocalScans.InsertOnSubmit(newScan); myDb.SubmitChanges();}public void DeleteMyTableItem(MyTable newScan){ myDb.LocalScans.DeleteOnSubmit(newScan); myDb.SubmitChanges();} Updating existing database What happens when you need to change the structure of your database?  Unfortunately you have to add code to your application that checks the version of the database which over time will create some pollution in your codes base.  On the other hand it does give you control of the update.  In this example you will see the DatabaseSchemaUpdater in action.  Assuming we added a “Notes” field to the MyTable structure, the following code will check if the database is the latest version and add the field if it isn’t. if(!myDb.DatabaseExists()){ myDb.CreateDatabase();}else{ DatabaseSchemaUpdater dbUdater = myDb.CreateDatabaseSchemaUpdater(); if(dbUdater.DatabaseSchemaVersion < 2) { dbUdater.AddColumn<MyTable>("Notes"); dbUdater.DatabaseSchemaVersion = 2; dbUdater.Execute(); }} Summary This approach does take a fairly large amount of work, but I think the end product is robust and very native for .NET developers.  It turns out to be worth the investment. del.icio.us Tags: Windows Phone,Windows Phone 7,LINQ to SQL,LINQ,Database,Isolated Storage

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  • How to properly position 3rd level menu [migrated]

    - by drewrowalnd
    If you look here: http://snippetmagazine.com/ under about isl-board of trustees you can se I have created a third level dropdown, but how can I properly align that drop down? Below you will see my css. #menudiv { width: 999px; float: left; clear: left; height: 250px; background: url(images/top_bg.png) no-repeat; margin-top: 10px; } mainmenu { width: 948px; height: 63px; float: left; margin-left: 16px; margin-top:5px; border: 1px solid #D5D5D5; -moz-border-radius: 3px; -webkit-border-radius: 3px; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); -moz-box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); background:url(images/nav_bg.gif) repeat; } .mainnav { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; } .mainnav * { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; } .mainnav ul { position: absolute; top: -999em; display: none; } .mainnav li { float: left; position: relative; z-index: 999; height: 63px; line-height: 55px; margin-right: 0px; border-right: 1px solid #D5D5D5; } .mainnav li.last { border-right: none; } .mainnav a { display: block; font-size: 19px; margin: 0; color: #cc9900; font-family: Copperplate, Arial, Helvetica, Sans serif; font-weight:600; text-decoration: none; padding: 3px 13px 3px 12px; color: #555; text-shadow: 0 1px 1px white; } .mainnav li:hover { text-decoration: none; border-bottom: solid 0px #ccc; background: white; } .mainnav ul li{ width: 132px; } .mainnav li:hover ul, ul.mainnav li.sfHover ul { left: 0px; top: 50px; padding-top: 0px; width: 132px; border-bottom: solid 0px #eaeaea; background: url(images/nav_dropdown_shadow.gif) repeat-x top; padding: 6px 0 0px 0px; margin: 13px 0 0 -1px; border: 1px solid #D5D5D5; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 3px; -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 3px; -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); -moz-box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); width: 175px; border-bottom-left-radius: 3px 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px 3px; } .mainnav li:hover li ul, .mainnav li.sfHover li ul { top: -999em; } .mainnav li li:hover ul, ul.mainnav li li.sfHover ul { left: 132px; top: -8px; } .mainnav li:hover ul, .mainnav li li:hover ul { top: -999em; } .mainnav li li { color: #555; display: block; padding: 0px; height: auto !important; border: none; width:175px; background: url(images/nav_dropdown_bg.gif) repeat; margin: 0; } .mainnav li li a:link, .mainnav li li a:visited { display: block; height: auto !important; line-height: 30px; color: #333; font-weight: normal; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; border: none; margin: 0; padding-left: 10px; overflow:hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid #E3E3E3; } .mainnav li li :hover{ } .mainnav li li a:hover { background: none; color:#555 ; border-bottom: 1px solid #E3E3E3; }

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  • What will help you get an entry-level position?

    - by Maria Sandu
    Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii- mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi- mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} “Finishing your studies and getting a great job.” Isn’t this the biggest dream of most of the young people? At the beginning you think it’s easy, but when it’s your turn, you realize that actually it’s not as easy as you thought it would be. Especially nowadays, when we’re living difficult times and finding a job is a challenge. This is why I felt lucky when I joined Oracle. Do you want to know how did I do it? My name is Markéta Kocová and I am working as a Customer Intelligence Support Intern within Oracle Prague. Before this job I have, I was focused on my studies, going also abroad for one semester in Rostock University in Germany. I decided though to gain some working experience. In November 2011, I joined Oracle, this one being my first job. I never thought I would be part of such a big company, but here I am! I have to say that I think it’s quite difficult to find a job and thus job search might be exhausting. What did help me? I think it was the networking. The more people you know, the more chances you have to find a job. This is how I’ve heard about this internship. I think internship programs are a great opportunity for young people to gain experience and also to start building a career. As companies are looking for the candidates with the best skills and some experience, it’s difficult to get a job. It’s a paradox isn’t it? You are applying for a entry-level position, but you won’t get it because they’ll be searching for someone who has experience. This is why internship is a good solution to improve your skills. You will learn many things, you might get a mentor and also perform given tasks. What else could you do? In my opinion you should invest in yourself. Try to focus on both education and skills. In order to get a good job in an international and successful company, it’s not enough a university diploma. You could learn a foreign language because it’s usually required. Employers are also looking for good computer skills, so this could be something you could take into consideration before applying to a job. There are also some personal characteristics like communication abilities, self-reliance, self-confidence or ability to solve the crisis situations that companies look at when hiring a person. You could consider attending some training in order to improve these soft skills. Getting a job is difficult, but also when you make it and get one you’ll still finding challenging to stay there. You might realize it is not the dream job, but being patient and trying to learn as much as possible will help you to achieve more. I think every experience is valuable. I’ve been through this type of situation, but the environment, my colleagues and the atmosphere in office have always been great and made me love my job! Thanks guys! If you’re searching for a job and you want to join Oracle, I recommend you to check http://campus.oracle.com

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  • Copies of GameScene created when called additional times

    - by Orin MacGregor
    I have a game with a level select managed by a SceneManager, which basically just uses ReplaceScene. The first time I load a level everything works fine. On subsequent calls, for example: completing the level and continuing to the next, things blow up. The level loads fine, but when I try to pan the map or try to move the player the game crashes. Debugging through I found that there are multiple occurrences of self and related children like player and mapLayer. As a test, I put this code in my ccTouchesBegan: NSLog(@"test %i", [self retainCount]); The first time a level is loaded, it gives: test 2 The second time I load a level it gives: test 2 test 1 as in it spits out both values by looping through twice, not just appending an output to the last. It continues with this pattern for each subsequent load. So the third time will give 2 1 1. Particular code that causes the game to crash involve calling _tileMap.tileSize because there is a second GameScene with a tileMap that was supposedly destroyed, so it has tileSize and mapSize of 0. I noticed dealloc doesn't really ever get called, so I tried to manage some things with -(void) onExit -(void) onExit { [self unscheduleAllSelectors]; [_player stopAllActions]; //stop any animations just in case. normally handled in ccTouchesEnded [self removeAllChildrenWithCleanup:YES]; } I never replace the GameScene while I'm in a GameScene; if the level is completed it goes to a GameOver scene, or I use a back button that goes to the LevelSelect scene. This is [the relevant parts of] my init, in case something like the adding of children matters: -(id) init { _mapLayer = [CCLayer node]; //load data for level GameData *gameData = [GameDataParser loadData]; int selectedChapter = gameData.selectedChapter; int selectedLevel = gameData.selectedLevel; Levels *chapterLevels = [LevelParser loadLevelsForChapter:selectedChapter]; //loop until we get selected level, then do stuff for (Level *level in chapterLevels.levels) { if (level.number == selectedLevel) { //load the level map _tileMap = [CCTMXTiledMap tiledMapWithTMXFile:level.file]; } } _background = [_tileMap layerNamed:@"Background"]; _foreground = [_tileMap layerNamed:@"Foreground"]; _meta = [_tileMap layerNamed:@"Meta"]; _meta.visible = NO; //initialize Spawn Point object and place player there CCTMXObjectGroup *objects = [_tileMap objectGroupNamed:@"Objects"]; NSAssert(objects != nil, @"'Objects' object group not found"); NSMutableDictionary *spawnPoint = [objects objectNamed:@"SpawnPoint"]; NSAssert(spawnPoint != nil, @"SpawnPoint object not found"); int x = [[spawnPoint valueForKey:@"x"] intValue] / retinaScaling; int y = [[spawnPoint valueForKey:@"y"] intValue] / retinaScaling; //setup animations [[CCSpriteFrameCache sharedSpriteFrameCache] addSpriteFramesWithFile:@"MouseRightAnim_24x21.plist"]; CCSpriteBatchNode *spriteSheet = [CCSpriteBatchNode batchNodeWithFile:@"MouseRightAnim_24x21.png"]; [_mapLayer addChild:spriteSheet z:1]; NSMutableArray *rightAnimFrames = [NSMutableArray array]; for(int i = 1; i <= 3; ++i) { [rightAnimFrames addObject: [[CCSpriteFrameCache sharedSpriteFrameCache] spriteFrameByName: [NSString stringWithFormat:@"MouseRight%d_24x21.png", i]]]; } CCAnimation *rightAnim = [CCAnimation animationWithSpriteFrames:rightAnimFrames delay:0.1f]; self.player = [CCSprite spriteWithSpriteFrameName:@"MouseRight2_24x21.png"]; _player.position = ccp(x, y); self.rightAction = [CCRepeatForever actionWithAction:[CCAnimate actionWithAnimation:rightAnim]]; rightAnim.restoreOriginalFrame = NO; [spriteSheet addChild:_player]; //get map size in pixels mapHeight = _tileMap.contentSize.height; mapWidth = _tileMap.contentSize.width; //setup defaults //this value works well for the calculation later, trial and error really distance = 150; lastGoodDistance = 150; mapScale = 1; [self setViewpointCenter:_player.position]; [_mapLayer addChild:_tileMap]; [self addChild:_mapLayer z:-1]; self.isTouchEnabled = YES; } return self; } And here's the SceneManager code for replacing scenes: +(void) goGameScene { CCLayer *gameLayer = [GameScene node]; [SceneManager go:gameLayer:[GameHUD node]]; } //this is what every call looks like besides the GameScene one above +(void) goLevelSelect { [SceneManager go:[LevelSelect node]:nil]; } +(void) go:(CCLayer *)layer: (CCLayer *)hudLayer { CCDirector *director = [CCDirector sharedDirector]; CCScene *newScene = [SceneManager wrap:layer:hudLayer]; if ([director runningScene]) { [director replaceScene:newScene]; } else { [director runWithScene:newScene]; } } +(CCScene *) wrap:(CCLayer *)layer: (CCLayer *)hudLayer { CCScene *newScene = [CCScene node]; [newScene addChild: layer]; if (hudLayer != nil) { [newScene addChild: hudLayer z:1]; } return newScene; } Any ideas why I'm getting these fatal artifacts? I'm hoping this isn't considered too localized since it basically combines 3 tutorials that anyone could end up following. (Ray Wenderlich Animations, Tim Roadley Scene Manager, Pan and Zoom with Tiled Maps.

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  • Who could ask for more with LESS CSS? (Part 1 of 3&ndash;Features)

    - by ToStringTheory
    It wasn’t very long ago that I first began to get into CSS precompilers such as SASS (Syntactically Awesome Stylesheets) and LESS (The Dynamic Stylesheet Language) and I had been hooked on the idea since.  When I finally had a new project come up, I leapt at the opportunity to try out one of these languages. Introduction To be honest, I was hesitant at first to add either framework as I didn’t really know much more than what I had read on their homepages, and I didn’t like the idea of adding too much complexity to a project - I couldn’t guarantee I would be the only person to support it in the future. Thankfully, both of these languages just add things into CSS.  You don’t HAVE to know LESS or SASS to do anything, you can still do your old school CSS, and your output will be the same.  However, when you want to start doing more advanced things such as variables, mixins, and color functions, the functionality is all there for you to utilize. From what I had read, SASS has a few more features than LESS, which is why I initially tried to figure out how to incorporate it into a MVC 4 project. However, through my research, I couldn’t find a way to accomplish this without including some bit of the Ruby on Rails framework on the computer running it, and I hated the fact that I had to do that.  Besides SASS, there is little chance of me getting into the RoR framework, at least in the next couple years.  So in the end, I settled with using LESS. Features So, what can LESS (or SASS) do for you?  There are several reasons I have come to love it in the past few weeks. 1 – Constants Using LESS, you can finally declare a constant and use its value across an entire CSS file. The case that most people would be familiar with is colors.  Wanting to declare one or two color variables that comprise the theme of the site, and not have to retype out their specific hex code each time, but rather a variable name.  What’s great about this is that if you end up having to change it, you only have to change it in one place.  An important thing to note is that you aren’t limited to creating constants just for colors, but for strings and measurements as well. 2 – Inheritance This is a cool feature in my mind for simplicity and organization.  Both LESS and SASS allow you to place selectors within other selectors, and when it is compiled, the languages will break the rules out as necessary and keep the inheritance chain you created in the selectors. Example LESS Code: #header {   h1 {     font-size: 26px;     font-weight: bold;   }   p {     font-size: 12px;     a     {       text-decoration: none;       &:hover {         border-width: 1px       }     }   } } Example Compiled CSS: #header h1 {   font-size: 26px;   font-weight: bold; } #header p {   font-size: 12px; } #header p a {   text-decoration: none; } #header p a:hover {   border-width: 1px; } 3 - Mixins Mixins are where languages like this really shine.  The ability to mixin other definitions setup a parametric mixin.  There is really a lot of content in this area, so I would suggest looking at http://lesscss.org for more information.  One of the things I would suggest if you do begin to use LESS is to also grab the mixins.less file from the Twitter Bootstrap project.  This file already has a bunch of predefined mixins for things like border-radius with all of the browser specific prefixes.  This alone is of great use! 4 – Color Functions This is the last thing I wanted to point out as my final post in this series will be utilizing these functions in a more drawn out manner.  Both LESS and SASS provide functions for getting information from a color (R,G,B,H,S,L).  Using these, it is easy to define a primary color, and then darken or lighten it a little for your needs.  Example: Example LESS Code: @base-color: #111; @red:        #842210; #footer {   color: (@base-color + #003300);   border-left:  2px;   border-right: 2px;   border-color: desaturate(@red, 10%); } Example Compiled CSS: #footer {    color: #114411;    border-left:  2px;    border-right: 2px;    border-color: #7d2717; } I have found that these can be very useful and powerful when constructing a site theme. Conclusion I came across LESS and SASS when looking for the best way to implement some type of CSS variables for colors, because I hated having to do a Find and Replace in all of the files using the colors, and in some instances, you couldn’t just find/replace because of the color choices interfering with other colors (color to replace of #000, yet come colors existed like #0002bc).  So in many cases I would end up having to do a Find and manually check each one. In my next post, I am going to cover how I’ve come to set up these items and the structure for the items in the project, as well as the conventions that I have come to start using.  In the final post in the series, I will cover a neat little side project I built in LESS dealing with colors!

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  • Couldn't drop privileges: User is missing UID (see mail_uid setting)

    - by drecute
    I'm hoping I can use some help. I'm configuring dovecot_ldap, but I can't seem to be able to get dovecot to authenticate the ldap user. Below is my config and log info: hosts = 192.168.128.45:3268 dn = cn=Administrator,cn=Users,dc=company,dc=example,dc=com dnpass = "passwd" auth_bind = yes ldap_version = 3 base = dc=company, dc=example, dc=com user_attrs = sAMAccountName=home=/var/vmail/example.com/%$,uid=1001,gid=1001 user_filter = (&(sAMAccountName=%Ln)) pass_filter = (&(ObjectClass=person)(sAMAccountName=%u)) dovecot.conf # 2.0.19: /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf # OS: Linux 3.2.0-33-generic x86_64 Ubuntu 12.04 LTS auth_mechanisms = plain login auth_realms = example.com auth_verbose = yes disable_plaintext_auth = no mail_access_groups = mail mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/%u mail_privileged_group = mail passdb { driver = pam } passdb { driver = passwd } passdb { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-ldap.conf.ext driver = ldap } passdb { args = scheme=CRYPT username_format=%u /etc/dovecot/users driver = passwd-file } protocols = " imap pop3" service auth { unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth { group = postfix mode = 0660 user = postfix } } service imap-login { inet_listener imap { port = 143 } inet_listener imaps { port = 993 ssl = yes } } ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/certs/dovecot.pem ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/dovecot.pem userdb { driver = passwd } userdb { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-ldap.conf.ext driver = ldap } userdb { args = username_format=%u /etc/dovecot/users driver = passwd-file } protocol imap { imap_client_workarounds = tb-extra-mailbox-sep imap_logout_format = bytes=%i/%o mail_plugins = } mail.log Nov 29 10:51:44 mail dovecot: auth-worker: pam(charyorde,10.10.1.28): pam_authenticate() failed: Authentication failure (password mismatch?) Nov 29 10:51:44 mail dovecot: auth-worker: passwd(charyorde,10.10.1.28): unknown user Nov 29 10:51:44 mail dovecot: auth: passwd(charyorde,10.10.1.28): unknown user Nov 29 10:51:44 mail dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<charyorde>, method=PLAIN, rip=10.10.1.28, lip=10.10.1.30, mpid=1892, TLS Nov 29 10:51:44 mail dovecot: imap(charyorde): Error: user charyorde: Couldn't drop privileges: User is missing UID (see mail_uid setting) Nov 29 10:51:44 mail dovecot: imap(charyorde): Error: Internal error occurred. Refer to server log for more information. Nov 29 10:51:46 mail dovecot: auth-worker: pam(charyorde,10.10.1.28): pam_authenticate() failed: Authentication failure (password mismatch?) Nov 29 10:51:46 mail dovecot: auth-worker: passwd(charyorde,10.10.1.28): unknown user Nov 29 10:51:46 mail dovecot: auth: passwd(charyorde,10.10.1.28): unknown user Nov 29 10:51:46 mail dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<charyorde>, method=PLAIN, rip=10.10.1.28, lip=10.10.1.30, mpid=1894, TLS Nov 29 10:51:46 mail dovecot: imap(charyorde): Error: user charyorde: Couldn't drop privileges: User is missing UID (see mail_uid setting) Nov 29 10:51:46 mail dovecot: imap(charyorde): Error: Internal error occurred. Refer to server log for more information. Nov 29 10:51:48 mail dovecot: auth-worker: pam([email protected],10.10.1.28): pam_authenticate() failed: Authentication failure (password mismatch?) Nov 29 10:51:48 mail dovecot: auth-worker: passwd([email protected],10.10.1.28): unknown user Nov 29 10:51:48 mail dovecot: auth: ldap([email protected],10.10.1.28): unknown user Nov 29 10:51:48 mail dovecot: auth: passwd-file([email protected],10.10.1.28): unknown user Nov 29 10:51:54 mail postfix/smtpd[1880]: idle timeout -- exiting Nov 29 10:51:54 mail postfix/smtpd[1879]: idle timeout -- exiting Nov 29 10:51:54 mail postfix/smtpd[1886]: proxymap stream disconnect Nov 29 10:51:54 mail postfix/smtpd[1887]: proxymap stream disconnect Nov 29 10:51:54 mail postfix/smtpd[1886]: auto_clnt_close: disconnect private/tlsmgr stream Nov 29 10:51:54 mail postfix/smtpd[1887]: auto_clnt_close: disconnect private/tlsmgr stream Nov 29 10:51:54 mail postfix/smtpd[1887]: idle timeout -- exiting Nov 29 10:51:54 mail postfix/smtpd[1886]: idle timeout -- exiting Nov 29 10:51:56 mail dovecot: auth-worker: pam([email protected],10.10.1.28): pam_authenticate() failed: Authentication failure (password mismatch?) Nov 29 10:51:56 mail dovecot: auth-worker: passwd([email protected],10.10.1.28): unknown user Nov 29 10:51:56 mail dovecot: auth: ldap([email protected],10.10.1.28): unknown user Nov 29 10:51:56 mail dovecot: auth: passwd-file([email protected],10.10.1.28): unknown user Nov 29 10:52:04 mail dovecot: auth-worker: pam([email protected],10.10.1.28): pam_authenticate() failed: Authentication failure (password mismatch?) Nov 29 10:52:04 mail dovecot: auth-worker: passwd([email protected],10.10.1.28): unknown user Nov 29 10:52:04 mail dovecot: auth: ldap([email protected],10.10.1.28): unknown user Nov 29 10:52:04 mail dovecot: auth: passwd-file([email protected],10.10.1.28): unknown user Nov 29 10:52:06 mail dovecot: imap-login: Disconnected (auth failed, 3 attempts): user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=10.10.1.28, lip=10.10.1.30, TLS Thank you for looking into this.

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  • SSL certificates and types for securing your websites and applications

    - by Mit Naik
    Need to share few information regarding SSL certificates and there types, which SSL certificates are widely used etc. There are several SSL certificates available in the market today inorder to secure your domains, multiple subdomains, your applications and code too. Few of the details are mentioned below. CheapSSL certificates available today are Standard Rapidssl certificate, Thwate SSL 123 etc certificates which are basic level certificates. Most of these cheap SSL certificates are domain-validated only and don't provide the greatest trust for your customers. This means you shouldn't use cheap SSL certificates on e-commerce stores or other public-facing sites that require people to trust the site. EV certificates I found Geotrust Truebusinessid with EV certificate which is one of the cheapest certificate available in market today, you can also find Thwate, Versign EV version of certificates. Its designed to prevent phishing attacks better than normal SSL certificates. What makes an EV Certificate so special? An SSL Certificate Provider has to do some extensive validation to give you one including: Verifying that your organization is legally registered and active, Verifying the address and phone number of your organization, Verifying that your organization has exclusive right to use the domain specified in the EV Certificate, Verifying that the person ordering the certificate has been authorized by the organization, Verifying that your organization is not on any government blacklists. SSL WILDCARD CERTIFICATES, SSL Wildcard Certificates are big money-savers. An SSL Wildcard Certificate allows you to secure an unlimited number of first-level sub-domains on a single domain name. For example, if you need to secure the following websites: * www.yourdomain.com * secure.yourdomain.com * product.yourdomain.com * info.yourdomain.com * download.yourdomain.com * anything.yourdomain.com and all of these websites are hosted on the multiple server box, you can purchase and install one Wildcard certificate issued to *.yourdomain.com to secure all these sites. SAN CERTIFICATES, are interesting certificates and are helpfull if you want to secure multiple domains by generating single CSR and can install the same certificate on your additional sites without generating new CSRs for all the additional domains. CODE SIGNING CERTIFICATES, A code signing certificate is a file containing a digital signature that can be used to sign executables and scripts in order to verify your identity and ensure that your code has not been tampered with since it was signed. This helps your users to determine whether your software can be trusted. Scroll to the chart below to compare cheap code signing certificates. A code signing certificate allows you to sign code using a private and public key system similar to how an SSL certificate secures a website. When you request a code signing certificate, a public/private key pair is generated. The certificate authority will then issue a code signing certificate that contains the public key. A certificate for code signing needs to be signed by a trusted certificate authority so that the operating system knows that your identity has been validated. You could still use the code signing certificate to sign and distribute malicious software but you will be held legally accountable for it. You can sign many different types of code. The most common types include Windows applications such as .exe, .cab, .dll, .ocx, and .xpi files (using an Authenticode certificate), Apple applications (using an Apple code signing certificate), Microsoft Office VBA objects and macros (using a VBA code signing certificate), .jar files (using a Java code signing certificate), .air or .airi files (using an Adobe AIR certificate), and Windows Vista drivers and other kernel-mode software (using a Vista code certificate). In reality, a code signing certificate can sign almost all types of code as long as you convert the certificate to the correct format first. Also I found the below URL which provides you good suggestion regarding purchasing best SSL certificates for securing your site, as per the Financial institution, Bank, Hosting providers, ISP, Retail Merchants etc. Please vote and provide comments or any additional suggestions regarding SSL certificates.

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  • Strange DNS issue with internal Windows DNS

    - by Brady
    I've encountered a strange issue with our internal Windows DNS infrastructure. We have a website hosted on Amazon EC2 with the DNS running on Amazon Route 53. In the publicly facing DNS we have the wildcard record setup as an A record Alias pointing to an AWS Elastic Load Balancer sitting in front of our EC2 instances. For those who are not aware, the A record Alias behaves like a CNAME record, however no extra lookup is required on the client side (See http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/Route53/latest/DeveloperGuide/CreatingAliasRRSets.html for more information). We have a secondary domain that has the www subdomain as a CNAME pointing to a subdomain on the primary domain, which resolves against the wildcard entry. For example the subdomain www.secondary.com is a CNAME to sub1.primary.com, but there is no explicit entry for sub1.primary.com, so it resolves to wildcard record. This setup work without issue publicly. The issue comes in our internal DNS at our corporate office where we use the same primary domain for some internal only facing sites. In this setup we have two Active Directory DNS servers with one Server 2003 and one Server 2008 R2 instance. The zone is an AD integrated zone, but it is not the AD domain. In the internal DNS we have the wildcard record pointing to a third external domain, that is also hosted on Route 53 with an A record Alias pointing to the same ELB instance. For example, *.primary.com is a CNAME to tertiary.com, so in effect you have www.secondary.com as a CNAME to *.primary.com, which is a CNAME to tertiary.com. In this setup, attempting to resolve www.secondary.com will fail. Clearing the cache on the Server 2003 instance will allow it to resolve once, but subsequent attempts will fail. It fails even with a clean cache against the 2008 R2 server. It seems that only Windows clients are affected. A Mac running OSX Mountain Lion does not experience this issue. I'm even able to replicate the issue using nslookup. Against the 2003 server, with a freshly cleaned cache, I recieve the appropriate response from www.secondary.com: Non-authoritative answer: Name: subdomain.primary.com Address: x.x.x.x (Public IP) Aliases: www.secondary.com Subsequent checks simply return: Non-authoritative answer: Name: www.secondary.com If you set the type to CNAME you get the appropriate responses all the time. www.secondary.com gives you: Non-authoritative answer: www.secondary.com canonical name = subdomain.primary.com And subdomain.primary.com gives you: subdomain.primary.com canonical name = tertiary.com And setting type back to A gives you the appropriate response for tertiary.com: Non-authoritative answer: Name: tertiary.com Address: x.x.x.x (Public IP) Against the 2008 R2 server things are a little different. Even with a clean cache, www.secondary.com returns just: Non-authoritative answer: Name: www.secondary.com The CNAME records are returned appropriately. www.secondary.com returns: Non-authoritative answer: www.secondary.com canonical name = subdomain.primary.com And subdomain.primary.com gives you: subdomain.primary.com canonical name = tertiary.com tertiary.com internet address = x.x.x.x (Public IP) tertiary.com AAAA IPv6 address = x::x (Public IPv6) And setting type back to A gives you the appropriate response for tertiary.com: Non-authoritative answer: Name: tertiary.com Address: x.x.x.x (Public IP) Requests directly against subdomain.primary.com work correctly.

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  • sendmail can not relay from itself

    - by Bernie
    I am running 3 centos 5.2 servers and I have configured the server for forward all messages to root to be emailed to me via .forward rule. This is working fine on two of the servers but not on the third. I have also tried copying the mail config files from the backup server and placing them on the file server and restarting sendmail. I also removed and reinstalled sendmail via yum but the results are the same. I am not sure what the issue could be they are all standard centos installs. Here is an example from the backup server which is working and the fileserver which isn't I am also going to include the mail log. good from backup server [root@backup ]# sendmail -v [email protected] < test.mail [email protected]... Connecting to [127.0.0.1] via relay... 220 backup.localhost ESMTP Sendmail 8.13.8/8.13.8; Fri, 16 Oct 2009 10:23:50 -0700 >>> EHLO backup.localhost 250-backup.localhost Hello backup.localhost [127.0.0.1], pleased to meet you 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-PIPELINING 250-8BITMIME 250-SIZE 250-DSN 250-ETRN 250-DELIVERBY 250 HELP >>> MAIL From:<[email protected]> SIZE=73 250 2.1.0 <[email protected]>... Sender ok >>> RCPT To:<[email protected]> >>> DATA 250 2.1.5 <[email protected]>... Recipient ok 354 Enter mail, end with "." on a line by itself >>> . 250 2.0.0 n9GHNoGC020924 Message accepted for delivery [email protected]... Sent (n9GHNoGC020924 Message accepted for delivery) Closing connection to [127.0.0.1] >>> QUIT 221 2.0.0 backup.localhost closing connection bad from file server [root@fileserver bernie]# sendmail -v [email protected] < test.mail [email protected]... Connecting to [127.0.0.1] via relay... 220 fileserver.localhost ESMTP Sendmail 8.13.8/8.13.8; Fri, 16 Oct 2009 10:23:26 -0700 >>> EHLO fileserver.localhost 250-fileserver.localhost Hello fileserver.localhost [127.0.0.1], pleased to meet you 250 ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES >>> MAIL From:<[email protected]> 550 5.0.0 Access denied root... Using cached ESMTP connection to [127.0.0.1] via relay... >>> RSET 250 2.0.0 Reset state >>> MAIL From:<> 550 5.0.0 Access denied postmaster... Using cached ESMTP connection to [127.0.0.1] via relay... >>> RSET 250 2.0.0 Reset state >>> MAIL From:<> 550 5.0.0 Access denied Closing connection to [127.0.0.1] >>> QUIT 221 2.0.0 fileserver.localhost closing connection mail log Oct 16 10:39:13 fileserver sendmail[28059]: n9GHdDom028059: from=root, size=72, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<[email protected]>, relay=root@localhost Oct 16 10:39:13 fileserver sendmail[28060]: n9GHdDwl028060: tcpwrappers (fileserver.localhost, 127.0.0.1) rejection Oct 16 10:39:13 fileserver sendmail[28059]: n9GHdDom028059: [email protected], ctladdr=root (0/0), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30072, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=5.0.0, stat=Service unavailable Oct 16 10:39:13 fileserver sendmail[28059]: n9GHdDom028059: n9GHdDon028059: DSN: Service unavailable Oct 16 10:39:13 fileserver sendmail[28059]: n9GHdDon028059: to=root, delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=31096, relay=[127.0.0.1], dsn=5.0.0, stat=Service unavailable Oct 16 10:39:13 fileserver sendmail[28059]: n9GHdDon028059: n9GHdDoo028059: return to sender: Service unavailable Oct 16 10:39:13 fileserver sendmail[28059]: n9GHdDoo028059: to=postmaster, delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=32120, relay=[127.0.0.1], dsn=5.0.0, stat=Service unavailable Oct 16 10:39:13 fileserver sendmail[28059]: n9GHdDon028059: Losing ./qfn9GHdDon028059: savemail panic Oct 16 10:39:13 fileserver sendmail[28059]: n9GHdDon028059: SYSERR(root): savemail: cannot save rejected email anywhere

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  • How to setup linux permissions for the WWW folder?

    - by Xeoncross
    Updated Summery The /var/www directory is owned by root:root which means that no one can use it and it's entirely useless. Since we all want a web server that actually works (and no-one should be logging in as "root"), then we need to fix this. Only two entities need access. PHP/Perl/Ruby/Python all need access to the folders and files since they create many of them (i.e. /uploads/). These scripting languages should be running under nginx or apache (or even some other thing like FastCGI for PHP). The developers How do they get access? I know that someone, somewhere has done this before. With however-many billions of websites out there you would think that there would be more information on this topic. I know that 777 is full read/write/execute permission for owner/group/other. So this doesn't seem to be needed as it leaves random users full permissions. What permissions are need to be used on /var/www so that... Source control like git or svn Users in a group like "websites" (or even added to "www-data") Servers like apache or lighthttpd And PHP/Perl/Ruby can all read, create, and run files (and directories) there? If I'm correct, Ruby and PHP scripts are not "executed" directly - but passed to an interpreter. So there is no need for execute permission on files in /var/www...? Therefore, it seems like the correct permission would be chmod -R 1660 which would make all files shareable by these four entities all files non-executable by mistake block everyone else from the directory entirely set the permission mode to "sticky" for all future files Is this correct? Update: I just realized that files and directories might need different permissions - I was talking about files above so i'm not sure what the directory permissions would need to be. Update 2: The folder structure of /var/www changes drastically as one of the four entities above are always adding (and sometimes removing) folders and sub folders many levels deep. They also create and remove files that the other 3 entities might need read/write access to. Therefore, the permissions need to do the four things above for both files and directories. Since non of them should need execute permission (see question about ruby/php above) I would assume that rw-rw-r-- permission would be all that is needed and completely safe since these four entities are run by trusted personal (see #2) and all other users on the system only have read access. Update 3: This is for personal development machines and private company servers. No random "web customers" like a shared host. Update 4: This article by slicehost seems to be the best at explaining what is needed to setup permissions for your www folder. However, I'm not sure what user or group apache/nginx with PHP OR svn/git run as and how to change them. Update 5: I have (I think) finally found a way to get this all to work (answer below). However, I don't know if this is the correct and SECURE way to do this. Therefore I have started a bounty. The person that has the best method of securing and managing the www directory wins.

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  • Play music on iPhone through computer

    - by Kyle Cronin
    Now that I've had my iPhone for a few months, I'm trying an experiment to see if I can't replace the laptop I carry around with my iPhone + internet connected computer. To this end, I've been trying to find a program that will let me play the music on my iPhone through the hardware and software on the host computer. If I recall correctly this was possible a few years ago with the iPod - Linux software like Rhythmbox and Banshee was able to read the music off an iPod and play it through the speakers. I even thought I recalled iTunes itself being capable of this at one time. Now, however, iTunes greys out/disables the music on my iPhone and I can't find any documented support for the iPhone in any other music program. Is this really no longer possible? Am I limited to using the headphone jack to get music to play? (note: I am using an iPhone 3G with the 3.0 software. I am attempting to play music on computers other than the one I sync with) Several replies mention that I should check "manually manage" to do this. I just tried this on a computer that I don't sync my iPhone to and it asked me to erase and sync, which is obviously something I don't want to do. update: OK, I checked the "Manually manage music and videos" box on a computer that I didn't sync to (now known as "Computer A"), and it told me that I needed to erase & sync to cause the changes to have effect, so I did. At this point I'm guessing that my iPhone thinks that it's syncing with that computer. I copied over a few songs using the autofill feature. At this point, Computer A sees the maybe 10 or so songs I've copied using autofill. I then plug my iPhone into my Macbook ("Computer B") which I've been syncing with. At this point, I'm pretty sure that it still thought that all my synced content was still on my iPhone. The "manually manage music and videos" checkbox isn't checked, so I check it and go through a similar process where iTunes erases the synced content and I copy over a playlist. At this point, there's no trace of the songs that I copied over from Computer A. So I plug my iPhone into Computer A - in the Music section are the handful of songs that I had copied over earlier, greyed out and unplayable. To make sure that this wasn't some sort of caching issue, I plugged my iPhone into my sister's Macbook ("Computer C") and it lists the same few, greyed out songs that I had copied over from Computer A. Plugging into Computer B doesn't reveal these songs at all, only the songs that it copied over (these are playable). A few things: This inconsistent behavior is driving me insane. Why would my iPhone report two versions of its contents to different computers? Is there a way to get a computer to completely forget about an iPhone and just resync everything to get everything into a consistent state? Even if I get the phone into a consistent state, I still can't play the files on my phone anywhere but the computer I sync with, which was my original goal. What am I doing wrong? maybe I should read the fine print before I mess with my iPhone So going over this thread with a fine-toothed comb again yields this lovely tidbit in the Apple docs: Note: Even when manually managing, some content may only be available from one library at time. This includes all content on iPhone and video content on iPods. OK, so manually managing is a dead end on the iPhone. Are there any other options? Any unofficial third-party programs or drivers that will work?

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  • Internal drives vs USB-3 with external SSD or eSata with External SSD

    - by normstorm
    I have a need to carry VMWare Virtual Machines with me for work. These are very large files (each VM is 20GB or more) and I carry around about 40 to 50 VM's to simulate different software configurations for different client needs. Key: they won't fit on the internal hard drive of my current laptop. I currently execute the VM's from an external 7200RPM 2.5" USB-2 drive. I keep copies of the VM's on other 5400 external USB-2 drives. The VM's work from this drive, but they are slow, costing me much time and frustration. It can take upwards of 30 minutes just to make a copy of one of the VM's. They can take upwards of 10-15 minutes to fully launch and then they operate sluggishly. I am buying a new laptop (Core I7, 8GB RAM and other high-end specs). I intend to buy an SSD for the O/S volume (C:). This SSD will not be large enough to hold the VM's. I have always wanted a second internal hard drive to operate the VM's. To have two hard drives, though, I am finding that I will have to go to a 17" laptop which would be bulky/heavy. I am instead considering purchasing a 15" laptop with either an eSATA port or USB-3 ports and then purchasing two external drives. One of the drives might be an external SSD (maybe OCX brand) for operating the VM's and the other a 7400RPM 1TB hard drive for carrying around the VM's not currently in use. The question is which options would give me the biggest bang for the buck and the weight: 1) 2nd Internal SSD hard drive. This would mean buying a 17" laptop with two drive "bays". The first bay would hold an SSD drive for the C: drive. I would leave the first bay empty from the manufacture and then purchase/install an aftermarket SSD drive. This second SSD drive would have to be very large (256 GB), which would be expensive. I would still also need another external hard drive for carrying around the VM's not in use. 2) 2nd internal hard drive - 7400 RPM. Again, a 17" laptop would be required, but there are models available with on SSD drive for the C: drive and a second 7200 RPM hard drives. The second drive could probably be large enough to hold the VM's in use as well as those not in use. But would it be fast enough to drive the VM's? 3) USB-3 with External SSD. I could buy a 15" laptop with an SSD drive for the C: drive and a second hard drive for general files. I would operate the VM's from an external USB-3 SSD drive and have a third USB-3 external 7200 RPM drive for holding the VM's not in use. 4) eSATA with External SSD. Ditto, just eSATA instead of USB-3 5) USB-3 with External 7400 RPM drive. Ditto, but the drive running the VM's would be USB-3 attached 7400 RPM drives rather than SSD. 6) eSATA with External 7400 RPM drive. Dittor, but the drive running the VM's would be eSATA attached 7400 RPM drives rather than SSD. Any thoughts on this and any creative solutions?

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  • Wireless AAA for a small, bandwidth-limited hotel.

    - by Anthony Hiscox
    We (the tech I work with and myself) live in a remote northern town where Internet access is somewhat of a luxury, and bandwidth is quite limited. Here, overage charges ranging from few hundreds, to few thousands of dollars a month, is not uncommon. I myself incur regular monthly charges just through my regular Internet usage at home (I am allowed 10G for $60CAD!) As part of my work, I have found myself involved with several hotels that are feeling this. I know that I can come up with something to solve this problem, but I am relatively new to system administration and I don't want my dreams to overcome reality. So, I pass these ideas on to you, those with much more experience than I, in hopes you will share some of your thoughts and concerns. This system must be cost effective, yes the charges are high here, but the trust in technology is the lowest I've ever seen. Must be capable of helping client reduce their usage (squid) Allow a limited (throughput and total usage) amount of free Internet, as this is often franchise policy. Allow a user to track their bandwidth usage Allow (optional) higher speed and/or usage for an additional charge. This fee can be obtained at the front desk on checkout and should not require the use of PayPal or Credit Card. Unfortunately some franchises have ridiculous policies that require the use of a third party remote service to authenticate guests to your network. This means WPA is out, and it also means that I do not auth before Internet usage, that will be their job. However, I do require the ABILITY to perform authentication for Internet access if a hotel does not have this policy. I will still have to track bandwidth (under a guest account by default) and provide the same limiting, however the guest often will require a complete 'unlimited' access, in terms of existence, not throughput. Provide firewalling capabilities for hotels that have nothing, Office, and Guest network segregation (some of these guys are running their office on the guest network, with no encryption, and a simple TOS to get on!) Prevent guests from connecting to other guests, however provide a means to allow this to happen. IE. Each guest connects to a page and allows the other guest, this writes a iptables rule (with python-netfilter) and allows two rooms to play a game, for instance. My thoughts on how to implement this. One decent box (we'll call it a router now) with a lot of ram, and 3 NIC's: Internet Office Guests (AP's + In Room Ethernet) Router Firewall Rules Guest can talk to router only, through which they are routed to where they need to go, including Internet services. Office can be used to bridge Office to Internet if an existing solution is not in place, otherwise, it simply works for a network accessible web (webmin+python-webmin?) interface. Router Software: OpenVZ provides virtualization for a few services I don't really trust. Squid, FreeRADIUS and Apache. The only service directly accessible to guests is Apache. Apache has mod_wsgi and django, because I can write quickly using django and my needs are low. It also potentially has the FreeRADIUS mod, but there seems to be some caveats with this. Firewall rules are handled on the router with iptables. Webmin (or a custom django app maybe) provides abstracted control over any features that the staff may need to access. Python, if you haven't guessed it's the language I feel most comfortable in, and I use it for almost everything. And finally, has this been done, is it a overly massive project not worth taking on for one guy, and/or is there some tools I'm missing that could be making my life easier? For the record, I am fairly good with Python, but not very familiar with many other languages (I can struggle through PHP, it's a cosmetic issue there). I am also an avid linux user, and comfortable with config files and command line. Thank you for your time, I look forward to reading your responses. Edit: My apologies if this is not a Q&A in the sense that some were expecting, I'm just looking for ideas and to make sure I'm not trying to do something that's been done. I'm looking at pfSense now as a possible start for what I need.

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  • Sharing the same `ssh-agent` among multiple login sessions

    - by intuited
    Is there a convenient way to ensure that all logins from a given user (ie me) use the same ssh-agent? I hacked out a script to make this work most of the time, but I suspected all along that there was some way to do it that I had just missed. Additionally, since that time there have been amazing advances in computing technology, like for example this website. So the goal here is that whenever I log in to the box, regardless of whether it's via SSH, or in a graphical session started from gdm/kdm/etc, or at a console: if my username does not currently have an ssh-agent running, one is started, the environment variables exported, and ssh-add called. otherwise, the existing agent's coordinates are exported in the login session's environment variables. This facility is especially valuable when the box in question is used as a relay point when sshing into a third box. In this case it avoids having to type in the private key's passphrase every time you ssh in and then want to, for example, do git push or something. The script given below does this mostly reliably, although it botched recently when X crashed and I then started another graphical session. There might have been other screwiness going on in that instance. Here's my bad-is-good script. I source this from my .bashrc. # ssh-agent-procure.bash # v0.6.4 # ensures that all shells sourcing this file in profile/rc scripts use the same ssh-agent. # copyright me, now; licensed under the DWTFYWT license. mkdir -p "$HOME/etc/ssh"; function ssh-procure-launch-agent { eval `ssh-agent -s -a ~/etc/ssh/ssh-agent-socket`; ssh-add; } if [ ! $SSH_AGENT_PID ]; then if [ -e ~/etc/ssh/ssh-agent-socket ] ; then SSH_AGENT_PID=`ps -fC ssh-agent |grep 'etc/ssh/ssh-agent-socket' |sed -r 's/^\S+\s+(\S+).*$/\1/'`; if [[ $SSH_AGENT_PID =~ [0-9]+ ]]; then # in this case the agent has already been launched and we are just attaching to it. ##++ It should check that this pid is actually active & belongs to an ssh instance export SSH_AGENT_PID; SSH_AUTH_SOCK=~/etc/ssh/ssh-agent-socket; export SSH_AUTH_SOCK; else # in this case there is no agent running, so the socket file is left over from a graceless agent termination. rm ~/etc/ssh/ssh-agent-socket; ssh-procure-launch-agent; fi; else ssh-procure-launch-agent; fi; fi; Please tell me there's a better way to do this. Also please don't nitpick the inconsistencies/gaffes ( eg putting var stuff in etc ); I wrote this a while ago and have since learned many things.

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  • How do you handle authentication across domains?

    - by William Ratcliff
    I'm trying to save users of our services from having to have multiple accounts/passwords. I'm in a large organization and there's one group that handles part of user authentication for users who are from outside the facility (primarily for administrative functions). They store a secure cookie to establish a session and communicate only via HTTPS via the browser. Sessions expire either through: 1) explicit logout of the user 2) Inactivity 3) Browser closes My team is trying to write a web application to help users analyze data that they've taken (or are currently taking) while at our facility. We need to determine if a user is 1) authenticated 2) Some identifier for that user so we can store state for them (what analysis they are working on, etc.) So, the problem is how do you authenticate across domains (the authentication server for the other application lives in a border region between public and private--we will live in the public region). We have come up with some scenarios and I'd like advice about what is best practice, or if there is one we haven't considered. Let's start with the case where the user is authenticated with the authentication server. 1) The authentication server leaves a public cookie in the browser with their primary key for a user. If this is deemed sensitive, they encrypt it on their server and we have the key to decrypt it on our server. When the user visits our site, we check for this public cookie. We extract the user_id and use a public api for the authentication server to request if the user is logged in. If they are, they send us a response with: response={ userid :we can then map this to our own user ids. If necessary, we can request additional information such as email-address/display name once (to notify them if long running jobs are done, or to share results with other people, like with google_docs). account_is_active:Make sure that the account is still valid session_is_active: Is their session still active? If we query this for a valid user, this will have a side effect that we will reset the last_time_session_activated value and thus prolong their session with the authentication server last_time_session_activated: let us know how much time they have left ip_address_session_started_from:make sure the person at our site is coming from the same ip as they started the session at } Given this response, we either accept them as authenticated and move on with our app, or redirect them to the login page for the authentication server (question: if we give an encrypted portion of the response (signed by us) with the page to redirect them to, do we open any gaping security holes in the authentication server)? The flaw that we've found with this is that if the user visits evilsite.com and they look at the session cookie and send a query to the public api of the authentication server, they can keep the session alive and if our original user leaves the machine without logging out, then the next user will be able to access their session (this was possible before, but having the session alive eternally makes this worse). 2) The authentication server redirects all requests made to our domain to us and we send responses back through them to the user. Essentially, they act as a proxy. The advantage of this is that we can handshake with the authentication server, so it's safe to be trusted with the email address/name of the user and they don't have to reenter it So, if the user tries to go to: authentication_site/mysite_page1 they are redirected to mysite. Which would you choose, or is there a better way? The goal is to minimize the "Yet Another Password/Yet another username" problem... Thanks!!!!

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  • SQL Server Issue: Could not allocate space for object ... primary filegroup is full

    - by Luke
    Trying to figure out a problem at an office that has SQL Server 2005 installed on Windows SBS Server 2008. Here's the setup: It's an office, and the person who set this all up is nowhere to be found. I'm the best hope they have... One of the programs they use on a workstation gives them an error of "Could not allocate space for object 'Billing' in database "MyDatabase" because primary filegroup is full" when trying to save an entry in their software. I searched around for hours, looking for possible solutions. One was to check for available disk space, and another was to defrag. I checked the hard drives on the server, and there is plenty of space free. I also defragged, which may have helped the problem somewhat. It's hard to say, because it seems like with the nature of the error, if you try over and over you might get it to actually save. My next step was to try to see if autogrowth was enabled on the database. This would seem to be a likely / possible solution, but I can't access the database! If I run the SQL Management Studio, I can log in as my Windows user and view the list of databases. However, if I try to do anything (actually view the database, view the properties, add or edit users), I get errors that I don't have permission. For what it's worth, I also tried runing Management Studio as Administrator, in case that would help. No difference, though. Now, what I'm guessing is going on -- from my limited knowledge of SQL and from reading online -- is that though I'm logged in as a Windows administrator, that account does NOT have SQL access. I do see a list of SQL users, including SA, but I again don't have permission to add one or to change the password on an existing one. And nobody at the office has any idea what the SQL passwords could be. So... here's my thinking thus far: 1 - The "Could not allocate" error likely points to a database that needs to be allowed to autogrow. Especially since I verified there is plenty of free space and the HD has been defragmented. 2 - Enabling autogrow would be very easy to do if I had the proper access within SQL Management Stuido. That leads me to this link: http://blogs.technet.com/b/sqlman/archive/2011/06/14/tips-amp-tricks-you-have-lost-access-to-sql-server-now-what.aspx It sounds like it's a step-by-step guide for giving me the access I need to SQL. I'm guessing that if I followed this guide, I would be able to then log in to the SQL server via Management Studio with the proper permissions, and would be able to enable autogrow (or simply view the status of the existing database), and hopefully solve the "Could not allocate space" problem! So I guess I have a few questions: 1 - Would you guys agree with my "diagnosis"? Think I'm barking up the right tree? 2 - Is there any risk at all in hurting / disabling / wrecking the current SQL database or setup with me going through the guide to regain SQL access? I understand that per the guide, I would have to temporarily shut down SQL, so obviously it wouldn't be accessible during that time. But it wouldn't be worth the risk if there's a chance I could mess anything up... Like I said, the workstations ARE currently accessing the database somehow, but nobody knows with what login info or anything. Basically, it's set up, it works (usually), but if they had to reload the software, nobody would know how. Any feedback would be appreciated!! The problem is such that it's not an emergency for them, but an annoyance. If I could fix it, it would be wonderful. But if not, I think they'll manage, especially as they are going to eventually stop using this software. Thank you so much for your time! Luke

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  • PC: Quick Freeze, then BSOD, then forced reboot, then freezes again

    - by cr0z3r
    Lately I have been experiencing a weird issue. My PC will hang for a second and then BSOD - it stays there, so I have to reboot. Once Windows starts again and I'm logged in, after 1-10min it freezes again, this time without BSOD. RECAP: 1 second freeze BSOD, hangs there I have to force-reboot Once PC rebooted, I log back into Windows second freeze between a 1-10min range, no BSOD (alternatively, I get a freeze with a constant sound/noise, no BSOD) I contacted my PC provider, who told me my graphics-card might be flawed (Quadro 4000), so I used a Quadro 2000 that they lend me. The issue still occurred. The issue now seemed to belong to a flawed RAM module. Following my provider's steps, I removed all but the first from the left column and kept using my PC for a week or so without any issues. I then added the bottom-right module, and so on, until all modules were back inside - I had no problems. Now it seemed that a simple take-out-put-back-in of the RAM modules had fixed the issue. However, after a few months, the issue was back. I redid all the RAM-swapping I had done before, and concluded that the lower-right module was flawed. My provider changed it for another, and everything was great until now. My PC froze again for barely a second, hanged on a BSOD, I rebooted it, logged-in to Windows to get a freeze (without BSOD or reboot) 40 seconds later. Something worth noting, is that every time I reboot after the BSOD, it is something within Chrome that freezes my PC (e.g. this time I clicked the "restore" button as Chrome mentioned it had exited unexpectedly - from the previous freeze obviously - and it instantly froze). Finally, the Event Viewer lists 2 critical events in the past hour as "ID: 41, Type: Kernel-Power". PC-Specs: http://i.imgur.com/VZpbr.jpg Previous Dump-files: https://dl.dropbox.com/u/716600/DumpFiles_08_2012.zip I would like to thank anybody in advance for your help. You're great. UPDATE 1: I realized that I did not mention an awkward fact about this issue. After I have gotten the 1-sec freeze followed by a BSOD, after I rebooted because the BSOD hanged, and after I logged back in to get another (this time, eternal) freeze and rebooted once again, the PC does not boot back up. The power-light is on, but my monitor says "no signal", as if the PC wouldn't really be turned on. This truly seems a like a power-related issue, doesn't it? UPDATE 2: I just got a freeze, but without BSOD. My screen froze (while on Chrome, which is starting to seem suspicious to me) with an ongoing sound/noise. I had to force-reboot my PC. I would say this is a graphics-card issue, but this issue also happened when I was using the Quadro 2000 from my provider. UPDATE 3: I just got a BSOD while trying to render something (quite heavy, actually) in 3ds Max 2012. I left the BSOD "running", as it said it was writing dump files to disk. However, the percentage number stayed at 0, so after 15 minutes I force-rebooted. I then used the software WhoCrashed (thank you Dave) which reported the following from the C:\Windows\Memory.dmp file: On Thu 22.11.2012 22:13:45 GMT your computer crashed crash dump file: C:\Windows\memory.dmp uptime: 01:05:27 This was probably caused by the following module: Unknown () Bugcheck code: 0x124 (0x0, 0xFFFFFA80275AC028, 0xF200001F, 0x100B2) Error: WHEA_UNCORRECTABLE_ERROR Bug check description: This bug check indicates that a fatal hardware error has occurred. This bug check uses the error data that is provided by the Windows Hardware Error Architecture (WHEA). This is likely to be caused by a hardware problem problem. This problem might be caused by a thermal issue. A third party driver was identified as the probable root cause of this system error. It is suggested you look for an update for the following driver: Unknown . Google query: Unknown WHEA_UNCORRECTABLE_ERROR

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  • Troubleshooting PHP email sending?

    - by darkAsPitch
    I created a website that occasionally emails users when they register/change their password/etc. Every other person however cannot or does not receive the emails. They are telling me that they are not even hitting their spam folders. I don't know a ton about MX records or email sending, but when I "Edit DNS Zone" for this domain in particular there is 1 MX record listed there. How do you go about troubleshooting botched PHP mail actions? UPDATE: Here is my super-simple php mailing code: $subject = "Subject Here"; $message = "Emails Message"; $to = $verified_user_data["email_address"]; $headers = "From: [email protected]\r\n" . "Reply-To: [email protected]\r\n" . "X-Mailer: PHP/" . phpversion(); //returns true on success, false on failure $email_result = mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers); re: "are you saying that some do and some do not?" @ Jacob Yes, basically. I send the emails containing the user's login username/password using similar code above. And I sell to fairly tech-savvy people. About 50% of the time, my customers claim they cannot find their welcome emails in their inbox OR in their spam box. It's as if it never arrived. I have the largest problem with Yahoo email addresses accepting my emails or so it seems. re: "The MX record at your end doesn't factor in, although the SPF record (or lack of it) will. How much access and control do you have on the server itself?" @ John Gardeniers I rent a dedicated server from Codero. Running CentOS 5, WHM + cPanel. I have full root access to the entire thing. Don't know much about MX records and/or SPF records. I just want the PHP mail function to work. It doesn't say much about that on the php mail function's help page. re: "What are you using for the SMTP server?" @ JonLim No idea. I use the code above when I need to fire off an email to a loyal customer, and that's it. Do I need to be worrying about SMTP servers? re: "Could be many, many things. Can you describe how you're sending mail in your code? i.e. are you relaying off of another mail server somewhere, using the local sendmail or postfix? Any consistency in domains that can/cannot receive email? Do you have a PTR record setup from the IP address that you're sending mail out as? What about SPF records?" @ gravyface I just described my simple code above! I believe I have been having the most trouble with Yahoo domains, however "independent" domains (probably running spamassasin) ex. [email protected] as opposed to [email protected] seem to give a lot of trouble as well. I do not know if I have a PTR record setup from the IP address I'm sending my mail from. It's probably the same IP address that I setup my domain on, because I didn't do anything extra special. No idea about SPF records either, where can I go to create one? Side Note: It's a crying shame what havoc the spammers have brought upon our beloved email system.

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  • Network Restructure Method for Double-NAT network

    - by Adrian
    Due to a series of poor network design decisions (mostly) made many years ago in order to save a few bucks here and there, I have a network that is decidedly sub-optimally architected. I'm looking for suggestions to improve this less-than-pleasant situation. We're a non-profit with a Linux-based IT department and a limited budget. (Note: None of the Windows equipment we have runs does anything that talks to the Internet nor do we have any Windows admins on staff.) Key points: We have a main office and about 12 remote sites that essentially double NAT their subnets with physically-segregated switches. (No VLANing and limited ability to do so with current switches) These locations have a "DMZ" subnet that are NAT'd on an identically assigned 10.0.0/24 subnet at each site. These subnets cannot talk to DMZs at any other location because we don't route them anywhere except between server and adjacent "firewall". Some of these locations have multiple ISP connections (T1, Cable, and/or DSLs) that we manually route using IP Tools in Linux. These firewalls all run on the (10.0.0/24) network and are mostly "pro-sumer" grade firewalls (Linksys, Netgear, etc.) or ISP-provided DSL modems. Connecting these firewalls (via simple unmanaged switches) is one or more servers that must be publically-accessible. Connected to the main office's 10.0.0/24 subnet are servers for email, tele-commuter VPN, remote office VPN server, primary router to the internal 192.168/24 subnets. These have to be access from specific ISP connections based on traffic type and connection source. All our routing is done manually or with OpenVPN route statements Inter-office traffic goes through the OpenVPN service in the main 'Router' server which has it's own NAT'ing involved. Remote sites only have one server installed at each site and cannot afford multiple servers due to budget constraints. These servers are all LTSP servers several 5-20 terminals. The 192.168.2/24 and 192.168.3/24 subnets are mostly but NOT entirely on Cisco 2960 switches that can do VLAN. The remainder are DLink DGS-1248 switches that I am not sure I trust well enough to use with VLANs. There is also some remaining internal concern about VLANs since only the senior networking staff person understands how it works. All regular internet traffic goes through the CentOS 5 router server which in turns NATs the 192.168/24 subnets to the 10.0.0.0/24 subnets according to the manually-configured routing rules that we use to point outbound traffic to the proper internet connection based on '-host' routing statements. I want to simplify this and ready All Of The Things for ESXi virtualization, including these public-facing services. Is there a no- or low-cost solution that would get rid of the Double-NAT and restore a little sanity to this mess so that my future replacement doesn't hunt me down? Basic Diagram for the main office: These are my goals: Public-facing Servers with interfaces on that middle 10.0.0/24 network to be moved in to 192.168.2/24 subnet on ESXi servers. Get rid of the double NAT and get our entire network on one single subnet. My understanding is that this is something we'll need to do under IPv6 anyway, but I think this mess is standing in the way.

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  • Consistent PHP _SERVER variables between Apache and nginx?

    - by Alix Axel
    I'm not sure if this should be asked here or on ServerFault, but here it goes... I am trying to get started on nginx with PHP-FPM, but I noticed that the server block setup I currently have (gathered from several guides including the nginx Pitfalls wiki page) produces $_SERVER variables that are different from what I'm used to seeing in Apache setups. After spending the last evening trying to "fix" this, I decided to install Apache on my local computer and gather the variables that I'm interested in under different conditions so that I could try and mimic them on nginx. The Apache setup I've on my computer has only one mod_rewrite rule: RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php/$1 [L] And these are the values I get for different request URIs (left is Apache, right is nginx): localhost/ - http://www.mergely.com/GnzBHRV1/ localhost/foo/bar/baz/?foo=bar - http://www.mergely.com/VwsT8oTf/ localhost/index.php/foo/bar/baz/?foo=bar - http://www.mergely.com/VGEFehfT/ What configuration directives would allow me to get similar values on requests handled by nginx? My current configuration in nginx is: server { listen 80; listen 443 ssl; server_name default; ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/certificates/dummy.crt; ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/certificates/dummy.key; root /var/www/default/html; index index.php index.html; autoindex on; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php; } location ~ /(?:favicon[.]ico|robots[.]txt)$ { log_not_found off; } location ~* [.]php { #try_files $uri =404; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+[.]php)(/.+)$; } location ~* [.]ht { deny all; } } And my fastcgi_params file looks like this: fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; fastcgi_param HTTPS $https; I know that the try_files $uri =404; directive is commented and that it is a security vulnerability but, if I uncomment it, the third request (localhost/index.php/foo/bar/baz/?foo=bar) will return a 404. It's also worth noting that my PHP cgi.fix_pathinfo in On (contrary to what some of the guides recommend), if I try to set it to Off, I'm presented with a "Access denied." message on every PHP request. I'm running PHP 5.4.8 and nginx/1.1.19. I don't know what else to try... Help?

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  • Tuning performance of Ubuntu 10.04 on Compaq Evo W4000.

    - by Fantomas
    Hi, I got this computer free and installed Ubuntu 10.04 on it + updates, plus followed the following tutorial all the way: http://www.unixmen.com/linux-tutorials/937-things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-1004-lts-lucid-lynx I love the Docky which comes with it, but the computer has been running rather slowly. The System: kernel 2.6.32-22-generic Gnome 2.30.0 (I like Gnome!) Memory: 1GB Processor: Intel (R) Pentium (R) 4 CPU 1700 MHz (needless to say, it is 32 bit). I think I dedicated 128 Mb to video memory while installing, but cannot find this setting now. I did also install an NVidia driver for the 3D card, so I probably want to reclaim that memory back. I want to trim the fat but I also want to keep some of the sex appeal of Ubuntu 10.04. I will gift this computer to a friend, who will use it for Internet, music, videos, word processing, Skype and instant messaging - he is non-technical, so this hardware and Linux should work for him; I just need to speed it up while keeping the good software and having a nice UI. I sort of know my way around Linux, but not that well. Feel free to ask me to run particular commands if you want more info. For starters, here are the services below. Which ones can I kill and how? What else can go? There is no need to run ssh or ftp or http or ntp servers. As I said before, this computer is for non-technical person. There is also absolutely no bluetooth or wireless networking needed - it will feed off a regular ethernet cable. What I do not want to do is reinstall some other distro or recompile a kernel. I want to make it 80% perfect spending 20% of the energy :) Thanks! $ service --status-all [ ? ] acpi-support [ ? ] acpid [ ? ] alsa-mixer-save [ ? ] anacron [ - ] apparmor [ ? ] apport [ ? ] atd [ ? ] avahi-daemon [ ? ] binfmt-support [ - ] bluetooth [ - ] bootlogd [ - ] brltty [ ? ] console-setup [ ? ] cron [ + ] cups [ ? ] dbus [ ? ] dmesg [ ? ] dns-clean [ ? ] failsafe-x [ - ] fancontrol [ ? ] gdm [ - ] grub-common [ ? ] hostname [ ? ] hwclock [ ? ] hwclock-save [ ? ] irqbalance [ - ] kerneloops [ ? ] killprocs [ - ] lm-sensors [ ? ] module-init-tools [ ? ] network-interface [ ? ] network-interface-security [ ? ] network-manager [ ? ] networking [ ? ] ondemand [ ? ] pcmciautils [ ? ] plymouth [ ? ] plymouth-log [ ? ] plymouth-splash [ ? ] plymouth-stop [ ? ] pppd-dns [ ? ] procps [ + ] pulseaudio [ ? ] rc.local [ - ] rsync [ ? ] rsyslog [ - ] saned [ ? ] screen-cleanup [ ? ] sendsigs [ ? ] speech-dispatcher [ ? ] stop-bootlogd [ ? ] stop-bootlogd-single [ ? ] udev [ ? ] udev-finish [ ? ] udevmonitor [ ? ] udevtrigger [ ? ] ufw [ ? ] umountfs [ ? ] umountnfs.sh [ ? ] umountroot [ ? ] unattended-upgrades [ - ] urandom [ + ] winbind [ ? ] wpa-ifupdown [ - ] x11-common

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  • How to setup linux permissions the WWW folder?

    - by Xeoncross
    Updated Summery The /var/www directory is owned by root:root which means that no one can use it and it's entirely useless. Since we all want a web server that actually works (and no-one should be logging in as "root"), then we need to fix this. Only two entities need access. PHP/Perl/Ruby/Python all need access to the folders and files since they create many of them (i.e. /uploads/). These scripting languages should be running under nginx or apache (or even some other thing like FastCGI for PHP). The developers How do they get access? I know that someone, somewhere has done this before. With however-many billions of websites out there you would think that there would be more information on this topic. I know that 777 is full read/write/execute permission for owner/group/other. So this doesn't seem to be needed as it leaves random users full permissions. What permissions are need to be used on /var/www so that... Source control like git or svn Users in a group like "websites" (or even added to "www-data") Servers like apache or lighthttpd And PHP/Perl/Ruby can all read, create, and run files (and directories) there? If I'm correct, Ruby and PHP scripts are not "executed" directly - but passed to an interpreter. So there is no need for execute permission on files in /var/www...? Therefore, it seems like the correct permission would be chmod -R 1660 which would make all files shareable by these four entities all files non-executable by mistake block everyone else from the directory entirely set the permission mode to "sticky" for all future files Is this correct? Update: I just realized that files and directories might need different permissions - I was talking about files above so i'm not sure what the directory permissions would need to be. Update 2: The folder structure of /var/www changes drastically as one of the four entities above are always adding (and sometimes removing) folders and sub folders many levels deep. They also create and remove files that the other 3 entities might need read/write access to. Therefore, the permissions need to do the four things above for both files and directories. Since non of them should need execute permission (see question about ruby/php above) I would assume that rw-rw-r-- permission would be all that is needed and completely safe since these four entities are run by trusted personal (see #2) and all other users on the system only have read access. Update 3: This is for personal development machines and private company servers. No random "web customers" like a shared host. Update 4: This article by slicehost seems to be the best at explaining what is needed to setup permissions for your www folder. However, I'm not sure what user or group apache/nginx with PHP OR svn/git run as and how to change them. Update 5: I have (I think) finally found a way to get this all to work (answer below). However, I don't know if this is the correct and SECURE way to do this. Therefore I have started a bounty. The person that has the best method of securing and managing the www directory wins.

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  • Performance issues when using SSD for a developer notebook (WAMP/LAMP stack)?

    - by András Szepesházi
    I'm a web application developer using my notebook as a standalone development environment (WAMP stack). I just switched from a Core2-duo Vista 32 bit notebook with 2Gb RAM and SATA HDD, to an i5-2520M Win7 64 bit with 4Gb RAM and 128 GB SDD (Corsair P3 128). My initial experience was what I expected, fast boot, quick load of all the applications (Eclipse takes now 5 seconds as opposed to 30s on my old notebook), overall great experience. Then I started to build up my development stack, both as LAMP (using VirtualBox with a debian guest) and WAMP (windows native apache + mysql + php). I wanted to compare those two. This still all worked great out, then I started to pull in my projects to these stacks. And here came the nasty surprise, one of those projects produced a lot worse response times than on my old notebook (that was true for both the VirtualBox and WAMP stack). Apache, php and mysql configurations were practically identical in all environments. I started to do a lot of benchmarking and profiling, and here is what I've found: All general benchmarks (Performance Test 7.0, HDTune Pro, wPrime2 and some more) gave a big advantage to the new notebook. Nothing surprising here. Disc specific tests showed that read/write operations peaked around 380M/160M for the SSD, and all the different sized block operations also performed very well. Started apache performance benchmarking with Apache Benchmark for a small static html file (10 concurrent threads, 500 iterations). Old notebook: min 47ms, median 111ms, max 156ms New WAMP stack: min 71ms, median 135ms, max 296ms New LAMP stack (in VirtualBox): min 6ms, median 46ms, max 175ms Right here I don't get why the native WAMP stack performed so bad, but at least the LAMP environment brought the expected speed. Apache performance measurement for non-cached php content. The php runs a loop of 1000 and generates sha1(uniqid()) inisde. Again, 10 concurrent threads, 500 iterations were used for the benchmark. Old notebook: min 0ms, median 39ms, max 218ms New WAMP stack: min 20ms, median 61ms, max 186ms New LAMP stack (in VirtualBox): min 124ms, median 704ms, max 2463ms What the hell? The new LAMP performed miserably, and even the new native WAMP was outperformed by the old notebook. php + mysql test. The test consists of connecting to a database and reading a single record form a table using INNER JOIN on 3 more (indexed) tables, repeated 100 times within a loop. Databases were identical. 10 concurrent threads, 100 iterations were used for the benchmark. Old notebook: min 1201ms, median 1734ms, max 3728ms New WAMP stack: min 367ms, median 675ms, max 1893ms New LAMP stack (in VirtualBox): min 1410ms, median 3659ms, max 5045ms And the same test with concurrency set to 1 (instead of 10): Old notebook: min 1201ms, median 1261ms, max 1357ms New WAMP stack: min 399ms, median 483ms, max 539ms New LAMP stack (in VirtualBox): min 285ms, median 348ms, max 444ms Strictly for my purposes, as I'm using a self contained development environment (= low concurrency) I could be satisfied with the second test's result. Though I have no idea why the VirtualBox environment performed so bad with higher concurrency. Finally I performed a test of including many php files. The application that I mentioned at the beginning, the one that was performing so bad, has a heavy bootstrap, loads hundreds of small library and configuration files while initializing. So this test does nothing else just includes about 100 files. Concurrency set to 1, 100 iterations: Old notebook: min 140ms, median 168ms, max 406ms New WAMP stack: min 434ms, median 488ms, max 604ms New LAMP stack (in VirtualBox): min 413ms, median 1040ms, max 1921ms Even if I consider that VirtualBox reached those files via shared folders, and that slows things down a bit, I still don't see how could the old notebook outperform so heavily both new configurations. And I think this is the real root of the slow performance, as the application uses even more includes, and the whole bootstrap will occur several times within a page request (for each ajax call, for example). To sum it up, here I am with a brand new high-performance notebook that loads the same page in 20 seconds, that my old notebook can do in 5-7 seconds. Needless to say, I'm not a very happy person right now. Why do you think I experience these poor performance values? What are my options to remedy this situation?

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  • php-fpm + persistent sockets = 502 bad gateway

    - by leeoniya
    Put on your reading glasses - this will be a long-ish one. First, what I'm doing. I'm building a web-app interface for some particularly slow tcp devices. Opening a socket to them takes 200ms and an fwrite/fread cycle takes another 300ms. To reduce the need for both of these actions on each request, I'm opening a persistent tcp socket which reduces the response time by the aforementioned 200ms. I was hoping PHP-FPM would share the persistent connections between requests from different clients (and indeed it does!), but there are some issues which I havent been able to resolve after 2 days of interneting, reading logs and modifying settings. I have somewhat narrowed it down though. Setup: Ubuntu 13.04 x64 Server (fully updated) on Linode PHP 5.5.0-6~raring+1 (fpm-fcgi) nginx/1.5.2 Relevent config: nginx worker_processes 4; php-fpm/pool.d pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 2 pm.start_servers = 2 pm.min_spare_servers = 2 Let's go from coarse to fine detail of what happens. After a fresh start I have 4x nginx processes and 2x php5-fpm processes waiting to handle requests. Then I send requests every couple seconds to the script. The first take a while to open the socket connection and returns with the data in about 500ms, the second returns data in 300ms (yay it's re-using the socket), the third also succeeds in about 300ms, the fourth request = 502 Bad Gateway, same with the 5th. Sixth request once again returns data, except now it took 500ms again. The process repeats for several cycles after which every 4 requests result in 2x 502 Bad Gateways and 2x 500ms Data responses. If I double all the fpm pool values and have 4x php-fpm processes running, the cycles settles in with 4x successful 500ms responses followed by 4x Bad Gateway errors. If I don't use persistent sockets, this issue goes away but then every request is 500ms. What I suspect is happening is the persistent socket keeps each php-fpm process from idling and ties it up, so the next one gets chosen until none are left and as they error out, maybe they are restarted and become available on the next round-robin loop ut the socket dies with the process. I haven't yet checked the 'slowlog', but the nginx error log shows lots of this: *188 recv() failed (104: Connection reset by peer) while reading response header from upstream, client:... All the suggestions on the internet regarding fixing nginx/php-fpm/502 bad gateway relate to high load or fcgi_pass misconfiguration. This is not the case here. Increasing buffers/sizes, changing timeouts, switching from unix socket to tcp socket for fcgi_pass, upping connection limits on the system....none of this stuff applies here. I've had some other success with setting pm = ondemand rather than dynamic, but as soon as the initial fpm-process gets killed off after idling, the persistent socket is gone for all subsequent php-fpm spawns. For the php script, I'm using stream_socket_client() with a STREAM_CLIENT_PERSISTENT flag. A while/stream_select() loop to detect socket data and fread($sock, 4096) to grab the data. I don't call fclose() obviously. If anyone has some additional questions or advice on how to get a persistent socket without tying up the php-fpm processes beyond the request completion, or maybe some other things to try, I'd appreciate it. some useful links: Nginx + php-fpm - recv() error Nginx + php-fpm "504 Gateway Time-out" error with almost zero load (on a test-server) Nginx + PHP-FPM "error 104 Connection reset by peer" causes occasional duplicate posts http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/programming-9/php-pfsockopen-552084/ http://stackoverflow.com/questions/14268018/concurrent-use-of-a-persistent-php-socket http://devzone.zend.com/303/extension-writing-part-i-introduction-to-php-and-zend/#Heading3 http://stackoverflow.com/questions/242316/how-to-keep-a-php-stream-socket-alive http://php.net/manual/en/install.fpm.configuration.php https://www.google.com/search?q=recv%28%29+failed+%28104:+Connection+reset+by+peer%29+while+reading+response+header+from+upstream+%22502%22&ei=mC1XUrm7F4WQyAHbv4H4AQ&start=10&sa=N&biw=1920&bih=953&dpr=1

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