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  • Ubuntu 11.10 sera baptisé "Oneiric Ocelot", son développement a officiellement démarré

    Ubuntu 11.10 sera baptisé "Oneiric Ocelot" Son développement a officiellement démarré Les travaux sur la prochaine version de la distribution Linux Ubuntu ont officiellement démarré d'après le fondateur du projet, Mark Shuttleworth. Alors qu'Ubuntu 11.4, baptisé « Natty Narwhal», est encore en cours de peaufinage (publication officielle prévue pour le 28 avril), la communauté des développeurs d'Ubuntu se penche déjà sur son successeur. Mark Shuttleworth a également le nom de code de la version 11.10 « 11.10 marquera le huitième anniversaire de la naissance d'Ubuntu [...] ce que nous voulions c'est quelque chose d'imaginatif, quelque chose qui fasse rêver, quelque chose...

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  • How do I create a LiveUSB that lets me install any Ubuntu version?

    - by Dariopnc
    What I'd like to do: have Ubuntu installed on a USB drive and from there install any ubuntu version on a hdd. This is kinda different from using usb-creator because I'd like to have a persistent ubuntu install on the USB drive and not upgrade it every 6 months. From there I'd like to be able to install the most recent ubuntu version. I think it's just a matter of configuring ubiquity, but don't know if this is the case and how exactly do this. EDIT: Let's clarify the persistent thing: suppose I have my USB with ubuntu precise on it suppose quantal is out in the wild suppose that I want to install quantal on the hdd of a computer suppose that I want/can use only the USB drive with precise on it I should erase/upgrade precise on the USB drive to quantal and then install it on the hard drive I don't want to touch my ubuntu install on the USB drive, I'd like to be able to install the newer ubuntu version (quantal) on a hdd from another one (precise) on a USB drive I'd better avoid upgrading the installation on the hdd Hope this helps

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  • How can I remove old log entries from a log file and archive them somewhere else in Linux?

    - by Mike B
    CentOS 4.x I apologize in advance if this is not the appropriate place to ask this question. It pertains to a linux server / IT admin task. I've got a log file on an old CentOS 4.x server and I want to remove log entries older than a certain date and place them in a new file for archive. Here's an example of the log format: 2012-06-07 22:32:01,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123|blah blah blah 2012-06-07 22:32:03,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123|blah blah blah 2012-06-07 22:32:04,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123| 2012-06-07 22:32:10,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123|blah blah blah 2012-06-07 22:32:12,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123|blah blah blah 2012-06-07 22:32:15,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123| 2012-06-07 22:32:40,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123|blah blah blah 2012-06-07 22:32:58,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123|blah blah blah 2012-06-07 22:33:01,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123| 2012-06-07 22:33:01,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123|blah blah blah 2012-06-07 22:33:02,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123| Essentially, I'm looking for a one-liner that will do the following: Find any events older than a provided YYYY-MM-DD and remove them from the primary log file. Take the deleted events from step 1 and put them in a new log file (Optional) Compress the new archive log file holding the deleted events. I'm aware that there are log rotate tools that do this but this should just be a one-time task so I'd prefer not to set that up. Additional notes: If the date part it tricky or too resource intensive, an alternative would be to just keep the last X number of lines and move the rest. I was originally thinking of something like tail -n 10000 > newfile.txt but that would mean moving the "good" logs to a new file and then doing a name swap... and then I'd still need to remove the "good" entries from the archive. This particular log file is pretty large (1 GB) so I'd prefer the task to be as resource and time efficient as possible. The extra pipes in the log concern me and I'm not sure if I'd need extra protection in the commands to avoid that from causing problems.

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  • Trying to grok Linux quotas, where is the data stored?

    - by CarpeNoctem
    So all the tutorials and documentation for the Linux quota system has left me confused. For each filesystem with quotas enabled/on where is the actual quota information stored? Is it filesystem metadata or is it in a file? Say user foo creates a new file on /home. How does the kernel determine whether user foo is below their hard limit? Does the kernel have to tally up quota information on that filesystem each time or is it in the superblock or somewhere else? As far as I understand, the kernel consults the aquota.user file for the actual rules, but where is the current quota usage data stored? Can this be viewed with any tools outside repquota and the like? TIA!! Update: Thanks for the help. I had already read that mini-HOWTO. I am pretty clear on the usage of the user space tools. What I was unclear on is whether the usage data was ALSO in the file that stored per-user limits and you answered this with a yes. From what I can tell, rc.sysinit runs quotacheck and quotaon on startup. The quotacheck program analyzes the filesystem, updates the aquota.* files. It then makes use of quota.h and the quotactl() syscall to inform the kernel of quota info. From this point forward the kernel hashes that information and increments/decrements quota stats as changes occur. Upon shutdown, the init.d/halt script runs the quotaoff command RIGHT before the filesystems are unmounted. The quotaoff command does not appear to update the aquota.* files with the information the kernel has in memory. I say this because the {a,c,m}times for the aquota.user file are only updated upon a reboot of the system or by manual running the quotacheck command. It appears - as far as I can tell - that the kernel just drops it's up-to-date usage data on the floor at shutdown. This information is never used to update the aquota.* files. They are updated during startup by quotacheck(rc.sysinit). Seems silly to me since that updated info had already been collected by the kernel. So...in conclusion I am still not entirely clear on the methods. ;)

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  • Linux service --status-all shows "Firewall is stopped." what service does firewall refer to?

    - by codewaggle
    I have a development server with the lamp stack running CentOS: [Prompt]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 5.8 (Final) [Prompt]# cat /proc/version Linux version 2.6.18-308.16.1.el5xen ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-52)) #1 SMP Tue Oct 2 22:50:05 EDT 2012 [Prompt]# yum info iptables Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.anl.gov * extras: centos.mirrors.tds.net * rpmfusion-free-updates: mirror.us.leaseweb.net * rpmfusion-nonfree-updates: mirror.us.leaseweb.net * updates: mirror.steadfast.net Installed Packages Name : iptables Arch : x86_64 Version : 1.3.5 Release : 9.1.el5 Size : 661 k Repo : installed .... Snip.... When I run: service --status-all Part of the output looks like this: .... Snip.... httpd (pid xxxxx) is running... Firewall is stopped. Table: filter Chain INPUT (policy DROP) num target prot opt source destination 1 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy DROP) num target prot opt source destination 1 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination Chain RH-Firewall-1-INPUT (2 references) ....Snip.... iptables has been loaded to the kernel and is active as represented by the rules being displayed. Checking just the iptables returns the rules just like status all does: [Prompt]# service iptables status Table: filter Chain INPUT (policy DROP) num target prot opt source destination 1 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy DROP) num target prot opt source destination 1 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination Chain RH-Firewall-1-INPUT (2 references) .... Snip.... Starting or restarting iptables indicates that the iptables have been loaded to the kernel successfully: [Prompt]# service iptables restart Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] Unloading iptables modules: [ OK ] Applying iptables firewall rules: [ OK ] Loading additional iptables modules: ip_conntrack_netbios_n[ OK ] [Prompt]# service iptables start Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] Unloading iptables modules: [ OK ] Applying iptables firewall rules: [ OK ] Loading additional iptables modules: ip_conntrack_netbios_n[ OK ] I've googled "Firewall is stopped." and read a number of iptables guides as well as the RHEL documentation, but no luck. As far as I can tell, there isn't a "Firewall" service, so what is the line "Firewall is stopped." referring to?

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  • linux disk usage report inconsistancy after removing file. cpanel inaccurate disk usage report

    - by brando
    relevant software: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.3 (Santiago) cpanel installed 11.34.0 (build 7) background and problem: I was getting a disk usage warning (via cpanel) because /var seemed to be filling up on my server. The assumption would be that there was a log file growing too large and filling up the partition. I recently removed a large log file and changed my syslog config to rotate the log files more regularly. I removed something like /var/log/somefile and edited /etc/rsyslog.conf. This is the reason I was suspicious of the disk usage report warning issued by cpanel that I was getting because it didn't seem right. This is what df was reporting for the partitions: $ [/var]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.9G 511M 8.9G 6% / tmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 99M 53M 42M 56% /boot /dev/sda8 883G 384G 455G 46% /home /dev/sdb1 9.9G 151M 9.3G 2% /tmp /dev/sda3 9.9G 7.8G 1.6G 84% /usr /dev/sda5 9.9G 9.3G 108M 99% /var This is what du was reporting for /var mount point: $ [/var]# du -sh 528M . clearly something funky was going on. I had a similar kind of reporting inconsistency in the past and I restarted the server and df reporting seemed to be correct after that. I decided to reboot the server to see if the same thing would happpen. This is what df reports now: $ [~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.9G 511M 8.9G 6% / tmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 99M 53M 42M 56% /boot /dev/sda8 883G 384G 455G 46% /home /dev/sdb1 9.9G 151M 9.3G 2% /tmp /dev/sda3 9.9G 7.8G 1.6G 84% /usr /dev/sda5 9.9G 697M 8.7G 8% /var This looks more like what I'd expect to get. For consistency this is what du reports for /var: $ [/var]# du -sh 638M . question: This is a nuisance. I'm not sure where the disk usage reports issued by cpanel get their info but it clearly isn't correct. How can I avoid this inaccurate reporting in the future? It seems like df reporting wrong disk usage is a strong indicator of the source problem but I'm not sure. Is there a way to 'refresh' the filesystem somehow so that the df report is accurate without restarting the server? Any other ideas for resolving this issue?

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  • Can't read CDs, can't create USB... how do I install Ubuntu?

    - by user68080
    Hello everyone and thank you in advance for your time. I have troubles with the latest Ubuntu distribution: since I upgraded to 12.04 Ubuntu has started having troubles (internal errors, packages that crash repeatedly, I can't install new packages, Ubuntu Software Center crashes, Java apps that worked stopped working and display weird mistakes, files were corrupted... a mess). I ultimately decided to format everything and install 12.04 from scratch. I made a backup and everything, but now I have troubles installing ubuntu 12.04. Specifically, a CD I burned with Brasero that works on another PC is not read by my laptop (not at boot phase, nor inside Ubuntu), and when I try to create a USB with Ubuntu (following the instructions I found on the ubuntu site) Startup Disk Creator stops at 22% saying that "the codes do not match". Any idea on what to do next? No, I can't buy a new PC.

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  • How do I correctly upgrade the kernel on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS?

    - by lal00
    I'm trying to upgrade the linux kernel from 2.6.32-34 to the latest update of that series, which appears to be 2.6.32-34. I ran: sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade At this point i was told that some packages were kept back: The following packages have been kept back: landscape-common linux-headers-server linux-image-server linux-server I proceeded to install those and then to autoremove the kernel (that's what apt-get recommended): sudo apt-get install linux-headers-server linux-image-server linux-server sudo apt-get autoremove My problem is that after booting, and running uname -a i still get the 2.6.32.34 kernel. How can I guarantee that the latest kernel will be loaded? thank you in advance.

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  • Can a WCF Service provide publish/subscribe activity to a Linux-based C++ client application?

    - by Jeremy Roddingham
    I have a WCF service written to provide certain functionality to intranet-based clients. This is easy when a client is running Windows. I want to implement the same functionality for my Windows clients that is available to my linux clients. My questions are? How can I communicate to a linux c++ based client (supporting callback operations for a publish subscribe) type situation? I am aware of using SOAP over the HTTPBinding but is that the only way (does not support callbacks I believe)? Would the same apply if I were using TCPBinding on the service-side? Currently, the service is set up using TCP but what are my options for the linux client communcation? I read somewhere that messages can also be sent (via webservices I believe) in XML rather than SOAP? Which would be a better approach or how to determine which is a better approach? I am trying to understand the options I would have for a WCF data service if I wanted to communicate with it from a linux client. I appreciate all your help. Thank You, Jeremy

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  • What are some choices to port existing Windows GUI app written in C to Linux?

    - by Warner Young
    I've been tasked with porting an existing Windows GUI app to Linux. Ideally, I'd like to do this so the same code base can be used to build either the Windows version or the Linux version. I'll be doing my work on Ubuntu 9.04. After searching around, it's unclear to me what tools are best suited to help me with this. A list of loose requirements would be: The code is in C, not C++, and should compile to build both Windows and Linux versions. Since it's existing code, and fairly large, converting to a managed language like .NET is out of the question for now. I would prefer if I can use the same dialogs in both systems. In Windows, putting up a dialog is pretty simple. You build the dialog in the Resource Editor in Visual Studio, then call DialogBox() API, and handle the event messages. I would really like to find something that can do the equivalent on the Linux side. It would also be nice to have a good IDE similar to Visual Studio. Any helps or hints would be appreciated. Thanks,

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  • Bridging wireless and wired networks on Linux box

    - by nixnotwin
    I have the following setup: modem + router - - - - -Ubuntu box on master mode.........wireless devises. Ubuntu machine connects to Internet on wired network. I've dhcp3-server, masquerading, and wireless card with master mode on Ubuntu box. The issue is Ubuntu connects to the router on NAT. The wireless devises connect to the Ubuntu box on a NAT too (though different). SO my wireless devises are behind two NAT networks. The solution I am looking for is Ubuntu should forward dhcp requests to the modem+router, and Ubuntu should act as a switch or a bridge that allows wireless devises to connect to the wired network. So the modem+router should act a main router.

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  • Setup SVN/LAMP/Test Server/ on linux, where to start?

    - by John Isaacks
    I have a ubuntu machine I have setup. I installed apache2 and php5 on it. I can access the web server from other machines on the network via http://linux-server. I have subversion installed on it. I also have vsftpd installed on it so I can ftp to it from another computer on the network. Myself and other users currently use dreamweaver to checkin-checkout files directly from our live site to make changes. I want the connect to the linux server from pc. make the changes on the test server until ready and then pushed to the live site. I want to use subversion also into this workflow as well. but not sure what the best workflow is or how to set this up. I have no experience with linux, svn, or even using a test server, the checkin/out we are currently doing is the way I have always done it. I have hit many snags already just getting what I have setup because of my lack of knowledge in the area. Dreamweaver 5 has integration with subversion but I can't figure out how to get it to work. I want to setup and create the best workflow possible. I dont expect anyone to be able to give me an answer that will enlighten me enough to know everthing I need to know to do what I want to do (altough if possible that would be great) instead I am looking for maybe a knowledge path like answer. Like a general outline of what I need to do accompanied with links to learn how to do it. like read this book to learn linux, then read this article to learn svn, etc., then you should know what to do. I would be happy just getting it all setup, but I would like to know what I am actually doing while setting it up too.

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  • one two-directed tcp socket OR two one-directed? (linux, high volume, low latency)

    - by osgx
    Hello I need to send (interchange) a high volume of data periodically with the lowest possible latency between 2 machines. The network is rather fast (e.g. 1Gbit or even 2G+). Os is linux. Is it be faster with using 1 tcp socket (for send and recv) or with using 2 uni-directed tcp sockets? The test for this task is very like NetPIPE network benchmark - measure latency and bandwidth for sizes from 2^1 up to 2^13 bytes, each size sent and received 3 times at least (in teal task the number of sends is greater. both processes will be sending and receiving, like ping-pong maybe). The benefit of 2 uni-directed connections come from linux: http://lxr.linux.no/linux+v2.6.18/net/ipv4/tcp_input.c#L3847 3847/* 3848 * TCP receive function for the ESTABLISHED state. 3849 * 3850 * It is split into a fast path and a slow path. The fast path is 3851 * disabled when: ... 3859 * - Data is sent in both directions. Fast path only supports pure senders 3860 * or pure receivers (this means either the sequence number or the ack 3861 * value must stay constant) ... 3863 * 3864 * When these conditions are not satisfied it drops into a standard 3865 * receive procedure patterned after RFC793 to handle all cases. 3866 * The first three cases are guaranteed by proper pred_flags setting, 3867 * the rest is checked inline. Fast processing is turned on in 3868 * tcp_data_queue when everything is OK. All other conditions for disabling fast path is false. And only not-unidirected socket stops kernel from fastpath in receive

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  • one two-directed tcp socket of two one-directed? (linux, high volume, low latency)

    - by osgx
    Hello I need to send (interchange) a high volume of data periodically with the lowest possible latency between 2 machines. The network is rather fast (e.g. 1Gbit or even 2G+). Os is linux. Is it be faster with using 1 tcp socket (for send and recv) or with using 2 uni-directed tcp sockets? The test for this task is very like NetPIPE network benchmark - measure latency and bandwidth for sizes from 2^1 up to 2^13 bytes, each size sent and received 3 times at least (in teal task the number of sends is greater. both processes will be sending and receiving, like ping-pong maybe). The benefit of 2 uni-directed connections come from linux: http://lxr.linux.no/linux+v2.6.18/net/ipv4/tcp_input.c#L3847 3847/* 3848 * TCP receive function for the ESTABLISHED state. 3849 * 3850 * It is split into a fast path and a slow path. The fast path is 3851 * disabled when: ... 3859 * - Data is sent in both directions. Fast path only supports pure senders 3860 * or pure receivers (this means either the sequence number or the ack 3861 * value must stay constant) ... 3863 * 3864 * When these conditions are not satisfied it drops into a standard 3865 * receive procedure patterned after RFC793 to handle all cases. 3866 * The first three cases are guaranteed by proper pred_flags setting, 3867 * the rest is checked inline. Fast processing is turned on in 3868 * tcp_data_queue when everything is OK. All other conditions for disabling fast path is false. And only not-unidirected socket stops kernel from fastpath in receive

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  • How to filter and intercept Linux packets by using net_dev_add() API?

    - by Khajavi
    I'm writing ethernet network driver for linux. I want to receive packets, edit and resend them. I know how to edit the packet in packet_interceptor function, but how can I drop incoming packets in this function?? #include <linux/netdevice.h> #include <linux/skbuff.h> #include <linux/ip.h> #include <net/sock.h> struct packet_type my_proto; int packet_interceptor(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev, struct packet_type *pt, struct net_device *orig_dev) { // I dont want certain packets go to upper in net_devices for further processing. // How can I drop sk_buff here?! return 0; } static int hello_init( void ) { printk(KERN_INFO "Hello, world!\n"); my_proto.type = htons(ETH_P_ALL); my_proto.dev = NULL; my_proto.func = packet_interceptor; dev_add_pack(&my_proto); return 0; } static void hello_exit(void) { dev_remove_pack(&my_proto); printk(KERN_INFO "Bye, world\n"); } module_init(hello_init); module_exit(hello_exit);

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  • How to access remote mysql host on Ubuntu inside VMware?

    - by Nick Grossman
    Hi, I'm running Ubuntu 10.10 inside VMware fusion on Mac OSX Snow Leopard. Inside ubuntu, I'm attempting to use command-line mysql to connect to a database hosted on a separate web server. For some reason, mysql misinterprets the remote hostname as a local address, and is not able to connect to the database. Steps: (from ubuntu inside VMware) mysql -u <my-username> -h mysql-2.sandbox.wrkng.net -p Enter Password: <my password> expected: to log into mysql got: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user '<my-username>'@'c-71-233-98-90.hds1.ma.comcast.net' (using password: YES) Note that the hostname referenced in the error message is different than the one I inputted to the mysql command. Also, performing the same command from the Mac (host of the VM) terminal successfully connects to the database. I am not seasoned with VMware or linux, so I may be missing something obvious here -- it seems like somewhere along the way either ubuntu or the VM has a networking issue. Note also that accessing the internet via ubuntu inside the VM works fine. Any help is greatly appreciated. Thanks!

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  • linux raid 1: right after replacing and syncing one drive, the other disk fails - understanding what is going on with mdstat/mdadm

    - by devicerandom
    We have an old RAID 1 Linux server (Ubuntu Lucid 10.04), with four partitions. A few days ago /dev/sdb failed, and today we noticed /dev/sda had pre-failure ominous SMART signs (~4000 reallocated sector count). We replaced /dev/sdb this morning and rebuilt the RAID on the new drive, following this guide: http://www.howtoforge.com/replacing_hard_disks_in_a_raid1_array Everything went smooth until the very end. When it looked like it was finishing to synchronize the last partition, the other old one failed. At this point I am very unsure of the state of the system. Everything seems working and the files seem to be all accessible, just as if it synchronized everything, but I'm new to RAID and I'm worried about what is going on. The /proc/mdstat output is: Personalities : [raid1] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md3 : active raid1 sdb4[2](S) sda4[0] 478713792 blocks [2/1] [U_] md2 : active raid1 sdb3[1] sda3[2](F) 244140992 blocks [2/1] [_U] md1 : active raid1 sdb2[1] sda2[2](F) 244140992 blocks [2/1] [_U] md0 : active raid1 sdb1[1] sda1[2](F) 9764800 blocks [2/1] [_U] unused devices: <none> The order of [_U] vs [U_]. Why aren't they consistent along all the array? Is the first U /dev/sda or /dev/sdb? (I tried looking on the web for this trivial information but I found no explicit indication) If I read correctly for md0, [_U] should be /dev/sda1 (down) and /dev/sdb1 (up). But if /dev/sda has failed, how can it be the opposite for md3 ? I understand /dev/sdb4 is now spare because probably it failed to synchronize it 100%, but why does it show /dev/sda4 as up? Shouldn't it be [__]? Or [_U] anyway? The /dev/sda drive now cannot even be accessed by SMART anymore apparently, so I wouldn't expect it to be up. What is wrong with my interpretation of the output? I attach also the outputs of mdadm --detail for the four partitions: /dev/md0: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Fri Jan 21 18:43:07 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 9764800 (9.31 GiB 10.00 GB) Used Dev Size : 9764800 (9.31 GiB 10.00 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 5 17:27:33 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : a3b4dbbd:859bf7f2:bde36644:fcef85e2 Events : 0.7704 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 2 8 1 - faulty spare /dev/sda1 /dev/md1: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Fri Jan 21 18:43:15 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 244140992 (232.83 GiB 250.00 GB) Used Dev Size : 244140992 (232.83 GiB 250.00 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 1 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 5 17:39:06 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 8bcd5765:90dc93d5:cc70849c:224ced45 Events : 0.1508280 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 18 1 active sync /dev/sdb2 2 8 2 - faulty spare /dev/sda2 /dev/md2: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Fri Jan 21 18:43:19 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 244140992 (232.83 GiB 250.00 GB) Used Dev Size : 244140992 (232.83 GiB 250.00 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 5 17:46:44 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 2885668b:881cafed:b8275ae8:16bc7171 Events : 0.2289636 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 2 8 3 - faulty spare /dev/sda3 /dev/md3: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Fri Jan 21 18:43:22 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 478713792 (456.54 GiB 490.20 GB) Used Dev Size : 478713792 (456.54 GiB 490.20 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 3 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 5 17:19:20 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 4 0 active sync /dev/sda4 1 0 0 1 removed 2 8 20 - spare /dev/sdb4 The active sync on /dev/sda4 baffles me. I am worried because if tomorrow morning I have to replace /dev/sda, I want to be sure what should I sync with what and what is going on. I am also quite baffled by the fact /dev/sda decided to fail exactly when the raid finished resyncing. I'd like to understand what is really happening. Thanks a lot for your patience and help. Massimo

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  • ERROR: Linux route add command failed: external program exited with error status: 4

    - by JohnMerlino
    A remote machine running fedora uses openvpn, and multiple developers were successfully able to connect to it via their client openvpn. However, I am running Ubuntu 12.04 and I am having trouble connecting to the server via vpn. I copied ca.crt, home.key, and home.crt from the server to my local machine to /etc/openvpn folder. My client.conf file looks like this: ############################################## # Sample client-side OpenVPN 2.0 config file # # for connecting to multi-client server. # # # # This configuration can be used by multiple # # clients, however each client should have # # its own cert and key files. # # # # On Windows, you might want to rename this # # file so it has a .ovpn extension # ############################################## # Specify that we are a client and that we # will be pulling certain config file directives # from the server. client # Use the same setting as you are using on # the server. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel # if you have more than one. On XP SP2, # you may need to disable the firewall # for the TAP adapter. ;dev-node MyTap # Are we connecting to a TCP or # UDP server? Use the same setting as # on the server. ;proto tcp proto udp # The hostname/IP and port of the server. # You can have multiple remote entries # to load balance between the servers. remote xx.xxx.xx.130 1194 ;remote my-server-2 1194 # Choose a random host from the remote # list for load-balancing. Otherwise # try hosts in the order specified. ;remote-random # Keep trying indefinitely to resolve the # host name of the OpenVPN server. Very useful # on machines which are not permanently connected # to the internet such as laptops. resolv-retry infinite # Most clients don't need to bind to # a specific local port number. nobind # Downgrade privileges after initialization (non-Windows only) ;user nobody ;group nogroup # Try to preserve some state across restarts. persist-key persist-tun # If you are connecting through an # HTTP proxy to reach the actual OpenVPN # server, put the proxy server/IP and # port number here. See the man page # if your proxy server requires # authentication. ;http-proxy-retry # retry on connection failures ;http-proxy [proxy server] [proxy port #] # Wireless networks often produce a lot # of duplicate packets. Set this flag # to silence duplicate packet warnings. ;mute-replay-warnings # SSL/TLS parms. # See the server config file for more # description. It's best to use # a separate .crt/.key file pair # for each client. A single ca # file can be used for all clients. ca ca.crt cert home.crt key home.key # Verify server certificate by checking # that the certicate has the nsCertType # field set to "server". This is an # important precaution to protect against # a potential attack discussed here: # http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm # # To use this feature, you will need to generate # your server certificates with the nsCertType # field set to "server". The build-key-server # script in the easy-rsa folder will do this. ns-cert-type server # If a tls-auth key is used on the server # then every client must also have the key. ;tls-auth ta.key 1 # Select a cryptographic cipher. # If the cipher option is used on the server # then you must also specify it here. ;cipher x # Enable compression on the VPN link. # Don't enable this unless it is also # enabled in the server config file. comp-lzo # Set log file verbosity. verb 3 # Silence repeating messages ;mute 20 But when I start server and look in /var/log/syslog, I notice the following error: May 27 22:13:51 myuser ovpn-client[5626]: /sbin/route add -net 10.27.12.1 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.27.12.37 May 27 22:13:51 myuser ovpn-client[5626]: ERROR: Linux route add command failed: external program exited with error status: 4 May 27 22:13:51 myuser ovpn-client[5626]: /sbin/route add -net 172.27.12.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.27.12.37 May 27 22:13:51 myuser ovpn-client[5626]: /sbin/route add -net 10.27.12.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 10.27.12.37 And I am unable to connect to the server via openvpn: $ ssh [email protected] ssh: connect to host xxx.xx.xx.130 port 22: No route to host What may I be doing wrong?

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  • Hot to fix nautilus desktop on linux mint

    - by user59530
    so I'm using Linux Mint 13 with Cinnamon and suddenly there are no icons on the desktop and the right click doesn't work, it's like the desktop doesn't start up at all, but the Cinnamon interface and everything else are working just fine. This happens only when I open the session with Cinnamon, if I start the session on the classic Gnome or MATE the desktop works. I tried to re-install Cinnamon but nothing changed. Then, I noticed that there are some little problems in Nautilus (sometimes menus aren't the color they're supposed to be), so I'm convinced that Nautilus might be the problem, but I don't know how to fix this, I've tried a few thing but I'm starting to fear that I'm only making it worse. Also, when I open the terminal and type in nautilus here's what's shows up, any help? (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gtk-widgets.css:85:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gtk-widgets.css:192:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gtk-widgets.css:228:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gtk-widgets.css:275:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gtk-widgets.css:310:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gtk-widgets.css:389:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gtk-widgets.css:737:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gtk-widgets.css:1095:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gtk-widgets.css:1137:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gtk-widgets.css:1755:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gtk-widgets.css:1856:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gtk-widgets.css:1873:18: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gtk-widgets.css:1889:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gtk-widgets.css:1947:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gtk-widgets.css:1954:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gtk-widgets.css:1967:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gtk-widgets.css:2025:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gtk-widgets.css:2075:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gtk-widgets.css:2090:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gtk-widgets.css:2195:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: gnome-panel.css:92:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: nautilus.css:15:15: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: nautilus.css:15:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: nautilus.css:79:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: nautilus.css:84:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: nautilus.css:113:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: nautilus.css:118:18: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: nemo.css:15:15: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: nemo.css:15:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: nemo.css:79:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: nemo.css:84:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: nemo.css:113:17: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: nemo.css:118:18: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. (nautilus:2906): Gtk-WARNING *: Theme parsing error: unity.css:21:18: Not using units is deprecated. Assuming 'px'. Initializing nautilus-dropbox 1.4.0 Initializing nautilus-open-terminal extension * Message: Initializing gksu extension...

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  • Linux?????Oracle ASMLib??????

    - by ??-Oracle
    ??Oracle ASMLIB?????? ?????????linux??????oracle?asmlib?????????,?????????????,????????????????????????????????????????" multipatha",???????? ??????????: ???????????,???????????:ASM??????2??????,????????????????????????3?,?: ???????? ???????? ????????????? ???????:?????????????,?/ dev/ sda?,?????????????.?????2?????????????????? Linux?SCSI????????????????????/dev/sdb?/dev/sdc.??????sdb??sdc?????????? ??,???????????????,???????????????? ,?/dev/multipatha,?????????????,????,??I/ O??multipatha????????????????????????sdb??,?????????????,????????????multipath?????????sdc?????????? ????????????????????,???????????:sdb??sdc???multpatha,??????????????ASMLIB???,??????,ASMLIB?????????????? ASMLIB???,??????????,??ASM????????????????????????????ASM????????,?????????? ??????????:ASM??????????? ??????,ASMLIB????????????.Linux???????????,?????????????,????multipath ?????????? ???????ASMLIB??????????!??Oracle?????,?????????? ?????,????,??????ASMLIB??????????????????,??????????????: ??????:     ASMLIB???ASMLIB???????????????ASMLIB??????ASMLIB?????????????????????????ASMLIB??????????????????,???????????/etc/init.d/oracleasm scandisks????????????ASMLIB????????????????????????????asmlib???,???????????ASMLIB????,?????,ASMLIB??OS????????????,????OS?????????? ????????,???????OS?????????????????ASMLIB?????????????????????????ASMLIB?????????????,?????Oracle??? ASMLib??????????????????????,???????????????????????,ASMLib?????????????,?????????????????.?????????????????????????     ??????????????????,??????????????????????,??ASMLib?????,?????????????????????????????????ASMLib???????????,??????????? ???????: ASMLib?????????/etc/sysconfig/oracleasm.???????/etc/sysconfig/oracleasm-_dev_oracleasm ???????????????????????????/etc/init.d/oracleasm configure ???????????,?????????????? ???????????????? ORACLEASM_SCANORDER ??????????????; ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE????????????????????; ???????????????????.???,????????????????,?????????,?????sd???????SCSI??????????????.??????????,??????????????? /dev/ ?????????????? ??:???????,?????????????????????device-mapper???,????????/dev/dm-XX??/dev/mapper/XXX???????udev???????????????ORACLEASM_SCANORDER ?? ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE???? dm ????? ???????: ??:?????????/etc/sysconfig/oracleasm,????????????/etc/sysconfig/oracleasm-_dev_oracleasm???? ?????????: ???????ASMLib??????????????,?ASMLib??????,??ORACLEASM_SCANORDER??,????: ORACLEASM_SCANORDER="multipath sd" ??,???????,ASMLib??????"multipath"????????????/dev/multipatha ?????????????????????ASMLib?????"sd"?????????SCSI????????/dev/sda?????,???????ASM???? ??????/dev/sdb?/dev/sdc??????,???ASM???,??ASMLib ????????????????ASMLib?????????ASMLib??????????????????? ????????: ?????????ASMLib???????????ASMLib??????,??ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE??,????: ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE="sdb sdc" ??,????????????ASMLib???????????/dev/sdb?/dev/sdc.????????SCSI?????,ASMLib????????????2???,?????/dev/multipath???,??,Oracle?????????? EMC PowerPath ?ASMLib ??????????EMC PowerPatch??????ASMLib?????? ????,PowerPath?2.4 kernels EMC??????Linux??2.6??,?RHEL 4??SLES 9??2.0ASMLib kernel ??????? ??EMC Power Patch???,???EMC Support Matrix????????/?? ??????????? ???????? ASMLib ? PowerPath ?Linux 2.4 Kernel????,?RHEL3 SLES8 ???????,???EMC ?: ??????OTN?????: Configuring Oracle ASMLib on Multipath Disks

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  • Two network adapters on Ubuntu Server 9.10 - Can't have both working at once?

    - by Rob
    I'm trying to set up two network adapters in Ubuntu (server edition) 9.10. One for the public internet, the other a private LAN. During the install, I was asked to pick a primary network adapter (eth0 or eth1). I chose eth0, gave the installer the details listed below in the contents of /etc/network/interfaces, and carried on. I've been using this adapter with these setting for the last few days, and every thing's been fine. Today, I decide it's time to set up the local adapter. I edit the /etc/network/interfaces to add the details for eth1 (see below), and restart networking with sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart. After this, attempting to ping the machine using it's external IP address fails, but I can ping it's local IP address. If I bring eth1 down using sudo ifdown eth1, I can successfully ping the machine via it's external IP address again (but obviously not it's internal IP address). Bringing eth1 back up returns us to the original problem state: external IP not working, internal IP working. Here's my /etc/network/interfaces (I've removed the external IP information, but these settings are unchanged from when it worked) rob@rhea:~$ cat /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary (public) network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx netmask xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx network xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx broadcast xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx gateway xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx # The secondary (private) network interface auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 192.168.99.4 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.99.0 broadcast 192.168.99.255 gateway 192.168.99.254 I then do this: rob@rhea:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart * Reconfiguring network interfaces... [ OK ] rob@rhea:~$ sudo ifup eth0 ifup: interface eth0 already configured rob@rhea:~$ sudo ifup eth1 ifup: interface eth1 already configured Then, from another machine: C:\Documents and Settings\Rob>ping [external ip] Pinging [external ip] with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Request timed out. Request timed out. Request timed out. Ping statistics for [external ip]: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), Back on the Ubuntu server in question: rob@rhea:~$ sudo ifdown eth1 ... and again on the other machine: C:\Documents and Settings\Rob>ping [external ip] Pinging [external ip] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from [external ip]: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=63 Reply from [external ip]: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=63 Reply from [external ip]: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=63 Reply from [external ip]: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=63 Ping statistics for [external ip]: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms So... what am I doing wrong?

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  • How can I install both mod-perl2 and mod-php5 on Ubuntu?

    - by RickMeasham
    From Ubuntu's package libary, I find the two modules I need. However: mod-perl2 requires apache2-mpm-worker mod-php5 requires apache2-mpm-prefork The two apache modules are mutually exclusive and ask me to un-install the other in order to install each. Which means I can't get a server running with both mod-perl2 and mod-php5. Any help greatly appreciated.

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  • Strategy for using snapshots to back up Ubuntu Linux server?

    - by MountainX
    I need some backup advice for my home file server. Here are the mount points, volume groups, logical volumes and used/total space of all the volumes on my Ubuntu 8.10 home file server. / vgA/lvRoot [7.5G/50G] /tmp vgB/lvTmp [195M/30G] /var vgB/lvVar [780M/30G] swap vgB/lvSwap [16.00 GB] /media1 vgC/lvMedia1 [400G/975G] /media2 vgC/lvMedia2 [75G/295G] /boot partition (no volume group) [95M/200M] /video partition (no volume group) [450G/950G] /backups vgD/lvBackupTarget [800G/925G] /home vgE/lvHome [85G/200G] I have just added a 2.0 TB external USB drive that I would like to use to backup everything. (It will be a close fit to get it all on one 2.0 TB drive. I actually have a 2nd external USB drive if needed.) I'd like to backup "/", var, /media1, media2 and /home. I'll deal with /boot and /video separately since they are not logical volumes. For all the logical volumes I'm anticipating taking snapshots and then copying those snapshots to the 2.0 TB external USB drive. I have never done a task like that before. If I do that, I could use the tutorial I found here: http://www.howtoforge.com/linux_lvm_snapshots My questions are: What is the best overall strategy? Is it LVM snapshots, as I'm assuming? How should I prepare, subdivide and mount the 2.0 TB external USB drive? 2.a. Should I create one or more regular partitions or should I create a physical volume with one or more logical volumes? 2.b. Would it be advisable to extactly mirror the source pv/lv layout on the external drive, and if so, is this a good strategy? What's the best way to get the snapshots onto the external drive? dd? Even though this is a strategy question, feedback with actual commands is appreciated. I need step-by-step cookbook-style help because I don't do much server admin work. (Background: This is a home file server that I have rarely had to touch in about 2 years. It has done its job without much intervention. The really old PC that I used to back everything up recently failed, so I'm replacing that with the external USB drive(s) and I'd like to upgrade my backup strategy at the same time. Previously, I just copied stuff from /backups over to the other computer and that would not have made things very easy in a real restore situation. The /backups mount point contains backup copies of "most" of the important data on a file by file basis, but it does not contain copies of /boot, etc. BTW, the actual internal HDD that holds /backups is separate from the other storage devices.) EDIT: I'll propose a strategy... The idea came from a comment here: LVM mirroring VS RAID1 "LVM mirrors are for replication of a logical volume to a different physical volume. It's essentially meant to "move the data to a different disk". The mirror is then broken..." That would fit my requirements well. Here is an ideal situation: establish the LV mirror on the external drive break the link with the mirror create a (persistent) snapshot on the mirror after a week, resync the mirror with the original source and update the mirror break the link and create another snapshot on the mirror. Obviously, the mirror will be like a weekly full backup. And the snapshots on the mirror will represent earlier points in time. If this would work and if it would be time efficient, it would give a nice full & differential type backup on the external drive based on LVM. I have not heard of a strategy like this before. Will it work? Could it be scripted? Thoughts? EDIT 2: Creating Portable DiskSafes With LoopbackFS And LVM Snapshots This article seems intriguing: http://www.howtoforge.com/creating-portable-disksafes-with-loopbackfs-and-lvm-snapshots Unfortunately, I don't understand exactly how to map those ideas to the strategy I'm proposing above. I'm going to ask this last bit as a separate question. I will leave my original question in place because I still desire feedback on the overall best strategy. At this moment I'm assuming it is LVM mirroring in the style of "Creating Portable DiskSafes with LVM Snapshots" but that might be wrong.

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