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• Advice needed: stay with Java team or move to C++ team?

  - by user68759

  Some background - I have been programming in Java as a professional for the last few years. This is mainly using Java SE. I have also touched bits and pieces of other various Java technologies and have some basic knowledge about them. I consider my self as an intermediate Java programmer. I like Java very much. I think it is only going to get bigger. Recently, my manager asked my opinion on whether I would like to be transferred to another team within the company that is developing a product in C++. This is mainly because my current Java team simply didn't make enough money due to poor sales and the economic downturn. Now, I have never had any experience with C++ nor have I ever coded a single line of code in C++. I have always wanted to learn it and now is my chance. But I really want to make sure I get benefit out of it in the future, in the sense that I will have the skills that will still be on-demand in the future. So, what do you experts think? Is C++ still the language to learn these days to secure yourself for the future? What will I learn more in C++ but not in Java? And are they worthy to learn considering the current and possible future demands in IT industry? (Apart from the obvious more control over memory management and something along that line.) What is a good excuse to refuse the offer in order to stay with the Java team? I don't want to blatantly refuse it because you can never predict the future and I could possibly come back to my manager in the future and ask him to transfer me to the C++ team. How do I say it nicely that I am taking the offer but I would like to still be involved with Java one way or another, such as when there is a new Java project I would like to be considered. I have to admit that I am kind of 50-50 at the moment. I want to learn C++ for the sake of improving my skills and also helping my company to reduce the fund required for the Java team. But it is also hard for me to leave Java because I know Java is going to get bigger, so I am afraid of getting behind when I start concentrating on C++. I could, of course, decide to just join the C++ team, and then spend my free time reading about Java to keep in touch with it, but I thought I would ask anyway in case some people can point out the strong points of either over the other given the current and possibly future circumstances.

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• How do I defer execution of some Ruby code until later and run it on demand in this scenario?

  - by Kyle Kaitan

  I've got some code that looks like the following. First, there's a simple Parser class for parsing command-line arguments with options. class Parser def initialize(&b); ...; end # Create new parser. def parse(args = ARGV); ...; end # Consume command-line args. def opt(...); ...; end # Declare supported option. def die(...); ...; end # Validation handler. end Then I have my own Parsers module which holds some metadata about parsers that I want to track. module Parsers ParserMap = {} def self.make_parser(kind, desc, &b) b ||= lambda {} module_eval { ParserMap[kind] = {:desc => "", :validation => lambda {} } ParserMap[kind][:desc] = desc # Create new parser identified by `<Kind>Parser`. Making a Parser is very # expensive, so we defer its creation until it's actually needed later # by wrapping it in a lambda and calling it when we actually need it. const_set(name_for_parser(kind), lambda { Parser.new(&b) }) } end # ... end Now when you want to add a new parser, you can call make_parser like so: make_parser :db, "login to database" do # Options that this parser knows how to parse. opt :verbose, "be verbose with output messages" opt :uid, "user id" opt :pwd, "password" end Cool. But there's a problem. We want to optionally associate validation with each parser, so that we can write something like: validation = lambda { |parser, opts| parser.die unless opts[:uid] && opts[:pwd] # Must provide login. } The interface contract with Parser says that we can't do any validation until after Parser#parse has been called. So, we want to do the following: Associate an optional block with every Parser we make with make_parser. We also want to be able to run this block, ideally as a new method called Parser#validate. But any on-demand method is equally suitable. How do we do that?

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• Is it possible to start (and stop) a thread inside a DLL?

  - by Jerry Dodge

  I'm pondering some ideas for building a DLL for some common stuff I do. One thing I'd like to check if it's possible is running a thread inside of a DLL. I'm sure I would be able to at least start it, and have it automatically free on terminate (and make it forcefully terminate its self) - that I can see wouldn't be much of a problem. But once I start it, I don't see how I can continue communicating with it (especially to stop it) mainly because each call to the DLL is unique (as far as my knowledge tells me) but I also know very little of the subject. I've seen how in some occasions, a DLL can be loaded at the beginning and released at the end when it's not needed anymore. I have 0 knowledge or experience with this method, other than just seeing something related to it, couldn't even tell you what or how, I don't remember. But is this even possible? I know about ActiveX/COM but that is not what I want - I'd like just a basic DLL that can be used across languages (specifically C#). Also, if it is possible, then how would I go about doing callbacks from the DLL to the app? For example, when I start the thread, I most probably will assign a function (which is inside the EXE) to be the handler for the events (which are triggered from the DLL). So I guess what I'm asking is - how to load a DLL for continuous work and release it when I'm done - as opposed to the simple method of calling individual functions in the DLL as needed. In the same case - I might assign variables or create objects inside the DLL. How can I assure that once I assign that variable (or create the object), how can I make sure that variable or object will still be available the next time I call the DLL? Obviously it would require a mechanism to Initialize/Finalize the DLL (I.E. create the objects inside the DLL when the DLL is loaded, and free the objects when the DLL is unloaded). EDIT: In the end, I will wrap the DLL inside of a component, so when an instance of the component is created, DLL will be loaded and a corresponding thread will be created inside the DLL, then when the component is free'd, the DLL is unloaded. Also need to make sure that if there are for example 2 of these components, that there will be 2 instances of the DLL loaded for each component. Is this in any way related to the use of an IInterface? Because I also have 0 experience with this. No need to answer it directly with sample source code - a link to a good tutorial would be great.

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• how can i show ccessarychecked cell values in alertbox

  - by adnan

  i have created uitableview and cell in uitableview are accessarychecked . i have implemented an action named -(IBAction) checkBoxClicked . what i need is that i wanted to show accessarychecked cell values in alertbox when i click on button this is the code which i have written #import "ViewController.h" @implementation ViewController @synthesize cell; - (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section { return 7; } - (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { cell= [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:@"cell"]; if (cell == nil) { cell = [[ UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault reuseIdentifier:@"cell"]; } cell.textLabel.text = [myarray objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; /* NSString *imagefile = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"cellimage" ofType:@"png"]; UIImage *ui = [[UIImage alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:imagefile]; cell.imageView.image = ui;*/ NSString *check = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"checkbox_not_ticked" ofType:@"png"]; UIImage *bi = [[UIImage alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:check]; cell.imageView.image = bi; cell.accessoryType = UITableViewCellAccessoryNone; return cell; [cell release]; } - (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { cell = [tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:indexPath]; if (cell.accessoryType == UITableViewCellAccessoryNone) { cell.accessoryType = UITableViewCellAccessoryCheckmark; } else { cell.accessoryType = UITableViewCellAccessoryNone; } } -(IBAction) checkBoxClicked { NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithArray:[myarray objectAtIndex:cell.accessoryType]:UITableViewCellAccessoryCheckmark]; if (array.cell.accessoryType == UITableViewCellAccessoryCheckmark) { UIAlertView *msg = [[ UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"selected items are given: " message:array delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"OK" otherButtonTitles:nil, nil ]; [msg show ]; [msg release]; [myarray release]; } } //-(IBAction)checkBoxClicked{} - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; // Release any cached data, images, etc that aren't in use. } #pragma mark - View lifecycle - (void)viewDidLoad { myarray = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"mondey",@"tuesday", @"wednesday",@"thursday",@"friday",@"saturday",@"sundey", nil]; [super viewDidLoad]; // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib. } - (void)viewDidUnload { [myarray release]; [super viewDidUnload]; // Release any retained subviews of the main view. // e.g. self.myOutlet = nil; } - (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewWillAppear:animated]; } - (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewDidAppear:animated]; } - (void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewWillDisappear:animated]; } - (void)viewDidDisappear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewDidDisappear:animated]; } - (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)interfaceOrientation { // Return YES for supported orientations return (interfaceOrientation != UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown); } @end

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• Why won't this piece of my code write to file

  - by user2934783

  I am developing a c++ banking system. I am able to get the float, newbal, values correctly and when I try to write to file, there is no data in the file. else { file>>firstname>>lastname; cout<<endl<<firstname<<" "<<lastname<<endl; cout<<"-----------------------------------\n"; string line; while (getline(file, line)) { //stringstream the getline for line string in file istringstream iss(line); if (iss >> date >> amount) { cout<<date<<"\t\t$"<<showpoint<<fixed<<setprecision(2)<<amount<<endl; famount+=amount; } } cout<<"Your balance is $"<<famount<<endl; cout<<"How much would you like to deposit today: $"; cin>>amountinput; float newbal=0; newbal=(famount+=amountinput); cout<<"\nYour new balance is: $"<<newbal<<".\n"; file<<date<<"\t\t"<<newbal; //***This should be writing to file but it doesn't. file.close(); The text file looks like this: Tony Gaddis 05/24/12 100 05/30/12 300 07/01/12 -300 //Console Output looks like this Tony Gaddis 05/24/12 100 05/30/12 300 07/01/12 -300 Your balance is: #1 How much wuld you like to deposit: #2 Your new balance is: #1 + #2 write to file close file. //exits to main loop:::: How can I make it write to file and save it, and why is this happening. I tried doing it with ostringstream as well considering how I used istringstream for the input. But it didn't work either :\ float newbal=0; newbal=(famount+=amountinput); ostringstream oss(newbal); oss<<date<<"\t\t"<<newbal; I am trying to self teach c++ so any relevant information would be kindly appreciated.

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• Load HTML NSString into a UIWebView

  - by ehenrik

  Im doing a project where I connect to a webpage using the NSURLConnection to be able to monitor the status codes that are returned (200 OK / 404 ERROR). I would like to send the user to the top url www.domain.com if I recieve 404 as status code and if i recieve as 200 status code I would like to load the page in to a webview. I have seen several implementations of this problem by creating a new request but I feel that it is unnecessary since you already received the html in the first request so i would just like to load that HTML in to the webView. So i try to use the [webView loadHTMLFromString: baseURL:] but it doesn't always work, I have noticed that when i print the NSString with html in the connectionDidFinnishLoading it sometimes is null and when I monitor these cases by printing the html in didReceiveData a random number of the last packets is NULL (differs between 2-10). It is always the same webpages that doesn't get loaded. If I load them to my webView using [webView loadRequest:myRequest] it always works. My implementation looks like this perhaps someone of you can see what Im doing wrong. I create my first request with a button click. -(IBAction)buttonClick:(id)sender { NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.domain.com/page2/apa.html"]; NSURLRequest *theRequest = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url] NSURLConnection *theConnection = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:theRequest delegate:self]; if( theConnection ) { webData = [[NSMutableData data] retain]; } else { } } Then I monitor the response code in the didReceiveResponse method by casting the request to a NSHTTPURLResponse to be able to access the status codes and then setting a Bool depending on the status code. -(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response { NSHTTPURLResponse *ne = (NSHTTPURLResponse *)response; if ([ne statusCode] == 200){ ok = TRUE; } [webData setLength: 0]; } I then check the bools value in connectionDidFinnishLoading. If I log the html NSString I get the source of the webpage so i know that it isn't an empty string. -(void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection { NSString *html = [[NSString alloc] initWithBytes: [webData mutableBytes] length:[webData length] encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.domain.com/"]; if (ok){ [webView loadHTMLString:html baseURL:url]; ok = FALSE; } else{ //Create a new request to www.domain.com } } webData is an instance variable and I load it in didReceiveData like this. -(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data { [webData appendData:data]; }

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• IO::Pipe - close(<handle>) does not set $?

  - by danboo

  My understanding is that closing the handle for an IO::Pipe object should be done with the method ($fh->close) and not the built-in (close($fh)). The other day I goofed and used the built-in out of habit on a IO::Pipe object that was opened to a command that I expected to fail. I was surprised when $? was zero, and my error checking wasn't triggered. I realized my mistake. If I use the built-in, IO:Pipe can't perform the waitpid() and can't set $?. But what I was surprised by was that perl seemed to still close the pipe without setting $? via the core. I worked up a little test script to show what I mean: use 5.012; use warnings; use IO::Pipe; say 'init pipes:'; pipes(); my $fh = IO::Pipe->reader(q(false)); say 'post open pipes:'; pipes(); say 'return: ' . $fh->close; #say 'return: ' . close($fh); say 'status: ' . $?; say q(); say 'post close pipes:'; pipes(); sub pipes { for my $fd ( glob("/proc/self/fd/*") ) { say readlink($fd) if -p $fd; } say q(); } When using the method it shows the pipe being gone after the close and $? is set as I expected: init pipes: post open pipes: pipe:[992006] return: 1 status: 256 post close pipes: And, when using the built-in it also appears to close the pipe, but does not set $?: init pipes: post open pipes: pipe:[952618] return: 1 status: 0 post close pipes: It seems odd to me that the built-in results in the pipe closure, but doesn't set $?. Can anyone help explain the discrepancy? Thanks!

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• How to use Bonjour?

  - by Roman

  First, what exactly Bonjour does (pleas read my guesses written bellow)? Here I found out that Bonjour enables automatic discovery of computers, devices, and services on IP networks. But I thought that it not only "discovers devices on IP network" it also creates an IP network by assigning IP addresses to devices where Bonjour is running. Am I right? And I still miss the essence. Does it work in the following way? First I connect devices (for example laptops) physically so that they potentially can communicate with each other. Then, let say, on some laptops I have Bonjour running and then, as a consequence, these laptops assign IP addresses to them self in automatic way. So, laptops (where Bonjour is running) build an IP network. Does it work in this way? Or may be a computer running Bonjour is not considered as a service and it does not broadcast itself just because Bonjour is running on this computer. I mean that the applications running on the computers need to use Bonjour to broadcast themself. So, it is applications that broadcast themself (not computers) and it is not done automatically (application needs to broadcast themself explicitly). Is it right? How exactly my application can broadcast itself? Can I use command line to register an service (so that all applications using Bonjour knows that a new service appeared)? Further, I would like to have an application which use the IP network created by Bonjour. For that my application needs to know which devices/services are present in the network. In more details, my application needs to have a list of services. Each service in the list should have a name, the IP address where it is running and the port which is used by the application. Can Bonjour provide this information in some way? If it is the case, how exactly it works. How my program can get this information from Bonjour? Can my program read some file created by Bonjour and containing the above mentioned information? Can I use some commands in command line to retrieve this information? I have a special interest in accessing the information about services from files, environment variables or commands in command line. These options seems to me to be the simplest! Since in these case I do not need to use any additional libraries to communicate with Bonjour from a particular programming language. P.S. Pleas ask questions if something is not clear in my question. I will try to formulate my question in a more clear way. P.P.S. I use Windows 7. ADDED: I plan to write my applications in PHP. Every computer should run a Apache web server. And I want to use Bonjour to help computer discover each other (computers are working in a local network).

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• Apache logs 200 instead of 404

  - by elle

  I've been getting the following in my apache access log: "GET /work//?module=www&section=working=../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../..//proc/self/environ%0000 HTTP/1.1" 200 5187 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.9.2.12) Gecko/20101026 Firefox/3.6.12\",\"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; pl-PL; rv:1.8.1.24pre) Gecko/20100228 K-Meleon/1.5.4\",\"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; en-US) AppleWebKit/540.0 (KHTML,like Gecko) Chrome/9.1.0.0 Safari/540.0\",\"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/532.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Comodo_Dragon/4.1.1.11 Chrome/4.1.249.1042 Safari/532.5\",\"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686 (x86_64); en-US; rv:1.9.0.16) Gecko/2009122206 Firefox/3.0.16 Flock/2.5.6\",\"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.0; en-US) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Maxthon/3.0.8.2 Safari/533.1\",\"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.0; en-US; rv:1.8.1.8pre) Gecko/20070928 Firefox/2.0.0.7 Navigator/9.0RC1\",\"Opera/9.99 (Windows NT 5.1; U; pl) Presto/9.9.9\",\"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; zh-HK) AppleWebKit/533.18.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Safari/533.18.5\",\"Seamonkey-1.1.13-1(X11; U; GNU Fedora fc 10) Gecko/20081112\",\"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; SLCC2; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; Zune 4.0; Tablet PC 2.0; InfoPath.3; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)\",\"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; MS-RTC LM 8; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; InfoPath.3)" If I try the URL, I get a 404 instead of 200 which the above request received. Is there a way I can confirm that the 200 was real and not spoofed? Where is the long info on the client coming from?

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• Users loggin to 3Com switches authenticated by radius not getting admin priv and no access available

  - by 3D1L

  Hi, Following the setup that I have for my Cisco devices, I got some basic level of functionality authenticating users that loggin to 3Com switches authenticated against a RADIUS server. Problem is that I can not get the user to obtain admin privileges. I'm using Microsoft's IAS service. According to 3Com documentation when configuring the access policy on IAS the value of 010600000003 have to be used to specify admin access level. That value have to be input in the Dial-in profile section: 010600000003 - indicates admin privileges 010600000002 - manager 010600000001 - monitor 010600000000 - visitor Here is the configuration on the switch: radius scheme system server-type standard primary authentication XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX accounting optional key authentication XXXXXX key accounting XXXXXX domain system scheme radius-scheme system local-user admin service-type ssh telnet terminal level 3 local-user manager service-type ssh telnet terminal level 2 local-user monitor service-type ssh telnet terminal level 1 The configuration is working with the IAS server because I can check user login events with the Eventviewer tool. Here is the output of the DISPLAY RADIUS command at the switch: [4500]disp radius SchemeName =system Index=0 Type=standard Primary Auth IP =XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX Port=1645 State=active Primary Acct IP =127.0.0.1 Port=1646 State=active Second Auth IP =0.0.0.0 Port=1812 State=block Second Acct IP =0.0.0.0 Port=1813 State=block Auth Server Encryption Key= XXXXXX Acct Server Encryption Key= XXXXXX Accounting method = optional TimeOutValue(in second)=3 RetryTimes=3 RealtimeACCT(in minute)=12 Permitted send realtime PKT failed counts =5 Retry sending times of noresponse acct-stop-PKT =500 Quiet-interval(min) =5 Username format =without-domain Data flow unit =Byte Packet unit =1 Total 1 RADIUS scheme(s). 1 listed Here is the output of the DISPLAY DOMAIN and DISPLAY CONNECTION commands after users log into the switch: [4500]display domain 0 Domain = system State = Active RADIUS Scheme = system Access-limit = Disable Domain User Template: Idle-cut = Disable Self-service = Disable Messenger Time = Disable Default Domain Name: system Total 1 domain(s).1 listed. [4500]display connection Index=0 ,Username=admin@system IP=0.0.0.0 Index=2 ,Username=user@system IP=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx On Unit 1:Total 2 connections matched, 2 listed. Total 2 connections matched, 2 listed. [4500] Here is the DISP RADIUS STATISTICS: [4500] %Apr 2 00:23:39:957 2000 4500 SHELL/5/LOGIN:- 1 - ecajigas(xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) in un it1 logindisp radius stat state statistic(total=1048): DEAD=1046 AuthProc=0 AuthSucc=0 AcctStart=0 RLTSend=0 RLTWait=2 AcctStop=0 OnLine=2 Stop=0 StateErr=0 Received and Sent packets statistic: Unit 1........................................ Sent PKT total :4 Received PKT total:1 Resend Times Resend total 1 1 2 1 Total 2 RADIUS received packets statistic: Code= 2,Num=1 ,Err=0 Code= 3,Num=0 ,Err=0 Code= 5,Num=0 ,Err=0 Code=11,Num=0 ,Err=0 Running statistic: RADIUS received messages statistic: Normal auth request , Num=1 , Err=0 , Succ=1 EAP auth request , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 Account request , Num=1 , Err=0 , Succ=1 Account off request , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 PKT auth timeout , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 PKT acct_timeout , Num=3 , Err=1 , Succ=2 Realtime Account timer , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 PKT response , Num=1 , Err=0 , Succ=1 EAP reauth_request , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 PORTAL access , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 Update ack , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 PORTAL access ack , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 Session ctrl pkt , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 RADIUS sent messages statistic: Auth accept , Num=0 Auth reject , Num=0 EAP auth replying , Num=0 Account success , Num=0 Account failure , Num=0 Cut req , Num=0 RecError_MSG_sum:0 SndMSG_Fail_sum :0 Timer_Err :0 Alloc_Mem_Err :0 State Mismatch :0 Other_Error :0 No-response-acct-stop packet =0 Discarded No-response-acct-stop packet for buffer overflow =0 The other problem is that when the RADIUS server is not available I can not log in to the switch. The switch have 3 local accounts but none of them works. How can I specify the switch to use the local accounts in case that the RADIUS service is not available?

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• Making sense of S.M.A.R.T

  - by James

  First of all, I think everyone knows that hard drives fail a lot more than the manufacturers would like to admit. Google did a study that indicates that certain raw data attributes that the S.M.A.R.T status of hard drives reports can have a strong correlation with the future failure of the drive. We find, for example, that after their first scan error, drives are 39 times more likely to fail within 60 days than drives with no such errors. First errors in re- allocations, offline reallocations, and probational counts are also strongly correlated to higher failure probabil- ities. Despite those strong correlations, we find that failure prediction models based on SMART parameters alone are likely to be severely limited in their prediction accuracy, given that a large fraction of our failed drives have shown no SMART error signals whatsoever. Seagate seems like it is trying to obscure this information about their drives by claiming that only their software can accurately determine the accurate status of their drive and by the way their software will not tell you the raw data values for the S.M.A.R.T attributes. Western digital has made no such claim to my knowledge but their status reporting tool does not appear to report raw data values either. I've been using HDtune and smartctl from smartmontools in order to gather the raw data values for each attribute. I've found that indeed... I am comparing apples to oranges when it comes to certain attributes. I've found for example that most Seagate drives will report that they have many millions of read errors while western digital 99% of the time shows 0 for read errors. I've also found that Seagate will report many millions of seek errors while Western Digital always seems to report 0. Now for my question. How do I normalize this data? Is Seagate producing millions of errors while Western digital is producing none? Wikipedia's article on S.M.A.R.T status says that manufacturers have different ways of reporting this data. Here is my hypothesis: I think I found a way to normalize (is that the right term?) the data. Seagate drives have an additional attribute that Western Digital drives do not have (Hardware ECC Recovered). When you subtract the Read error count from the ECC Recovered count, you'll probably end up with 0. This seems to be equivalent to Western Digitals reported "Read Error" count. This means that Western Digital only reports read errors that it cannot correct while Seagate counts up all read errors and tells you how many of those it was able to fix. I had a Seagate drive where the ECC Recovered count was less than the Read error count and I noticed that many of my files were becoming corrupt. This is how I came up with my hypothesis. The millions of seek errors that Seagate produces are still a mystery to me. Please confirm or correct my hypothesis if you have additional information. Here is the smart status of my western digital drive just so you can see what I'm talking about: james@ubuntu:~$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda smartctl version 5.38 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-8 Bruce Allen Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Device Model: WDC WD1001FALS-00E3A0 Serial Number: WD-WCATR0258512 Firmware Version: 05.01D05 User Capacity: 1,000,204,886,016 bytes Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall] ATA Version is: 8 ATA Standard is: Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated Local Time is: Thu Jun 10 19:52:28 2010 PDT SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0 3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 179 175 021 Pre-fail Always - 4033 4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 270 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0 7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 098 098 000 Old_age Always - 1468 10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 262 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 46 193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 223 194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 105 102 000 Old_age Always - 42 196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0

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• How to transfer data between two netowks efficiently

  - by Tono Nam

  I will like to transfer files between two places over the internet. Right now I have a VPN and I am able to browse, download and transfer files. So my question is not really how to transfer the files; Instead, I will like to use the most efficient approach because the two places constantly share a lot of data. The reason why I want to get rid of the vpn is because it is two slow. Having high upload speed is very expensive/impossible on residential places so I will like to use a different approach. I was thinking about using programs such as http://www.dropbox.com . The problem with dropbox is it only enables 2 GB of storage in order for it to be free. I think the deals they offer are ok and I might be willing to pay to get that increase in speed. But I am concerned with the speed of transferring data. Dropbox will upload the file to their server then send it from the server to the other location. I will like it even faster lol. Anyways I was thinking why not create a program my self. This is the algorithm that I was thinking let me know if it sounds to crazy. (remember my goal is to transfer files as fastest as possible) Things that I will use in this algorithm: Server on the internet called S ( has fast download and upload speed. I pay to host a website and some services in there. I want to take advantage of it) Client A on location 1 Client B on location 2 So lets say on location 1 20 large files are created and need to be transferred to location 2. Client A compresses the files with the highest compression ratio possible. Client A starts sending data via UDP to client B. Because I am using UDP I will include the sequence number on each package. Have server S help speed up things. For example every time a package is lost we can use Server S to inform client A that it needs to resend a package. Anyways I think this approach will increase the transfer rate. I do not know if it is possible to start sending data meanwhile it is being compressed. Also if it is possible to start decompressing data even if we are not done receiving all the info. Maybe it will be faster to start sending the files right away without compressing. If I knew that I will always be sending large text files then I will obviously use the compression. I need this as a general algorithm. So i guess my question is should using UDP over TCP could increase performance by using an extra server to keep track of lost packages? and How should I compress files before sending? compressing a 1 GB file with the highest compression ration takes about 1 hour! I will like to take advantage of that time by sending it meanwhile it is compressed.

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• How to set up a centralized backup server with lots of offsite workstations, intermittent internet connectivity, and stubborn users?

  - by Zac B

  This might be an impossible question. Context: We have a bunch of computers across around 1000 users. We have a centralized office where 900 of the users work, most of the time. Most of the computers are laptops. They are very frequently coming on and off the network for hours at a time. Users often take their computers home and do lots of work from home. In addition, there are a handful of users who work elsewhere in the country, who are offline (no internet connection whatsoever) for more than half of the time they use their machines. All of the machines are Windows 7/XP. Problem: People are always losing data. One day someone accidentally deletes a bunch of files. The next day someone else installs a bad driver or tries to mess with something in system32 and needs a personal data backup/reinstall of Windows. Because of how many of our business operations are done without an internet connection, and how frequently computers come on- and offline, it's unfeasible to make users use network storage for all of their data. We tried giving them Dropboxes, and they stored their files elsewhere. We bought and deployed Altiris, and they uninstalled it and blamed us when they couldn't get files back that they accidentally deleted while they were offline and hadn't taken a backup in months. We tried teaching them backup best-practices, and using scheduled sync tools to upload things to the network drives, and they turned them off because they "looked like viruses". It doesn't help that many of these users are pretty high up in the business and are not amicable to any sort of "you need to do something regularly because we say so" solution. Question: Other than finding another job where IT is treated differently and users are willing to follow best practices, how would people recommend I implement a file backup solution that supports the following: Backs up to a centralized server over LAN or WAN whenever a network link becomes available, or on a schedule. Supports interrupted/resumed backups (and hopefully file-delta only backups), since connections to the network (WAN or LAN) are often slow and only open for half an hour or so. Supports relatively rapid, "I accidentally deleted the TPS reports! Oh no!" single-file recovery, ideally administered from the central backup server rather than the client PC. Supports local-to-local file delta backup on a schedule, so that users without a network connection for a few days can still retrieve accidental deletions or whatnot. Ideally, the local stored backups would be pushed up to the server whenever network link is available. Isn't configurable on the clients without certain credentials. Because the CFOs (who won't give up their admin rights on the domain) will disable it if they can. Backs up the entire hard drive. There are people who are self-righteous about storing things in C:\, or in the recycle bin, or in the C:\Windows dir (yes, I know). I'm fine integrating multiple products/solutions, or scripting different programs together myself (I'm a somewhat competent programmer), but I've been drawing a blank on where to start. Dropbox is folder-specific, Altiris doesn't cope with LAN outages or interrupted/resumed backups, Volume Shadow Copy is awesome for a local-to-local solution, but I don't know how to push days of stored shadow copies up to a server in a 2 hour window of network access. The company is fine with spending decent money on this, thousands (USD) on a server, and hundreds on clients, if necessary. I want to emphasize that this isn't a shopping list request. While I wish there was a program out there that did what I want, I've looked pretty hard, and not found anything that fits the bill. Instead, I'm hoping for ideas on where to start hacking things together from scratch/from different technologies to make something stable that works. Cheers!

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• Can I get advice on my nginx configuration (as a proxy in front of Jira and Confluence)?

  - by Nate

  I was wondering if I could get some advice on my nginx configuration. The config seems to be working, but I'm unsure if I'm doing everything properly. The basic idea is to have a Jira and Confluence server (in separate Tomcat instances) running on the same machine, with nginx in front to handle SSL for both. I want only SSL connections to be made to Jira/Confluence. Jira is running on 127.0.0.1:9090 and Confluence on 127.0.0.1:8080. Here is my nginx.conf, any advice or tips would be greatly appreciated. user nginx; worker_processes 1; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request ' '"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; # Load config files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; # Our self-signed cert ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/fissl.crt; ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/fissl.key; # redirect non-ssl Confluence to ssl server { listen 80; server_name confluence.example.com; rewrite ^(.*) https://confluence.example.com$1 permanent; } # redirect non-ssl Jira to ssl server { listen 80; server_name jira.example.com; rewrite ^(.*) https://jira.example.com$1 permanent; } # # The Confluence server # server { listen 443; server_name confluence.example.com; ssl on; access_log /var/log/nginx/confluence.access.log main; error_log /var/log/nginx/confluence.error.log; location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; } error_page 404 /404.html; location = /404.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } } # # The Jira server # server { listen 443; server_name jira.example.com; ssl on; access_log /var/log/nginx/jira.access.log main; error_log /var/log/nginx/jira.error.log; location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9090/; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; } error_page 404 /404.html; location = /404.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } } }

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• Performance issues when using SSD for a developer notebook (WAMP/LAMP stack)?

  - by András Szepesházi

  I'm a web application developer using my notebook as a standalone development environment (WAMP stack). I just switched from a Core2-duo Vista 32 bit notebook with 2Gb RAM and SATA HDD, to an i5-2520M Win7 64 bit with 4Gb RAM and 128 GB SDD (Corsair P3 128). My initial experience was what I expected, fast boot, quick load of all the applications (Eclipse takes now 5 seconds as opposed to 30s on my old notebook), overall great experience. Then I started to build up my development stack, both as LAMP (using VirtualBox with a debian guest) and WAMP (windows native apache + mysql + php). I wanted to compare those two. This still all worked great out, then I started to pull in my projects to these stacks. And here came the nasty surprise, one of those projects produced a lot worse response times than on my old notebook (that was true for both the VirtualBox and WAMP stack). Apache, php and mysql configurations were practically identical in all environments. I started to do a lot of benchmarking and profiling, and here is what I've found: All general benchmarks (Performance Test 7.0, HDTune Pro, wPrime2 and some more) gave a big advantage to the new notebook. Nothing surprising here. Disc specific tests showed that read/write operations peaked around 380M/160M for the SSD, and all the different sized block operations also performed very well. Started apache performance benchmarking with Apache Benchmark for a small static html file (10 concurrent threads, 500 iterations). Old notebook: min 47ms, median 111ms, max 156ms New WAMP stack: min 71ms, median 135ms, max 296ms New LAMP stack (in VirtualBox): min 6ms, median 46ms, max 175ms Right here I don't get why the native WAMP stack performed so bad, but at least the LAMP environment brought the expected speed. Apache performance measurement for non-cached php content. The php runs a loop of 1000 and generates sha1(uniqid()) inisde. Again, 10 concurrent threads, 500 iterations were used for the benchmark. Old notebook: min 0ms, median 39ms, max 218ms New WAMP stack: min 20ms, median 61ms, max 186ms New LAMP stack (in VirtualBox): min 124ms, median 704ms, max 2463ms What the hell? The new LAMP performed miserably, and even the new native WAMP was outperformed by the old notebook. php + mysql test. The test consists of connecting to a database and reading a single record form a table using INNER JOIN on 3 more (indexed) tables, repeated 100 times within a loop. Databases were identical. 10 concurrent threads, 100 iterations were used for the benchmark. Old notebook: min 1201ms, median 1734ms, max 3728ms New WAMP stack: min 367ms, median 675ms, max 1893ms New LAMP stack (in VirtualBox): min 1410ms, median 3659ms, max 5045ms And the same test with concurrency set to 1 (instead of 10): Old notebook: min 1201ms, median 1261ms, max 1357ms New WAMP stack: min 399ms, median 483ms, max 539ms New LAMP stack (in VirtualBox): min 285ms, median 348ms, max 444ms Strictly for my purposes, as I'm using a self contained development environment (= low concurrency) I could be satisfied with the second test's result. Though I have no idea why the VirtualBox environment performed so bad with higher concurrency. Finally I performed a test of including many php files. The application that I mentioned at the beginning, the one that was performing so bad, has a heavy bootstrap, loads hundreds of small library and configuration files while initializing. So this test does nothing else just includes about 100 files. Concurrency set to 1, 100 iterations: Old notebook: min 140ms, median 168ms, max 406ms New WAMP stack: min 434ms, median 488ms, max 604ms New LAMP stack (in VirtualBox): min 413ms, median 1040ms, max 1921ms Even if I consider that VirtualBox reached those files via shared folders, and that slows things down a bit, I still don't see how could the old notebook outperform so heavily both new configurations. And I think this is the real root of the slow performance, as the application uses even more includes, and the whole bootstrap will occur several times within a page request (for each ajax call, for example). To sum it up, here I am with a brand new high-performance notebook that loads the same page in 20 seconds, that my old notebook can do in 5-7 seconds. Needless to say, I'm not a very happy person right now. Why do you think I experience these poor performance values? What are my options to remedy this situation?

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• Is it possible to write C# code as below and send email using network in different country?

  - by kedar karthik

  Is it possible to write C# code as below and send email using mnetwork in different country? MSExchangeWebServiceURL = mail.something.com/ews/exchange.asmx its a web service URL ... sorry to correct my self //....this works great when i run the same code from home network, my friends home network ... anywhere around ... but when i run it from my clients location in columbia ... it fails I have a valid user name and password on that exchange server. Is there any configuration that I can set to achieve this? BTW this code below works when I run it within office network and any network within any home network ... i have tried atleast 5 friends network in Plano, Texas. I want this code to work when run from any network in another country. My client in columbia can connect to web service using a browser .. use the same user name and password ..... but when i run the code above ... it is not able to connect to our web service .... String cMSExchangeWebServiceURL = (String)System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["MSExchangeWebServiceURL"]; String cEmail = (String)System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["Cemail"]; String cPassword = (String)System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["Cpassword"]; String cTo = (String)System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["CTo"]; ExchangeServiceBinding esb = new ExchangeServiceBinding(); esb.Timeout = 1800000; esb.AllowAutoRedirect = true; esb.UseDefaultCredentials = false; esb.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(cEmail, cPassword); esb.Url = cMSExchangeWebServiceURL; ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback += delegate(object sender1, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors sslPolicyErrors) { return true; }; // Create a CreateItem request object CreateItemType request = new CreateItemType(); // Setup the request: // Indicate that we only want to send the message. No copy will be saved. request.MessageDisposition = MessageDispositionType.SendOnly; request.MessageDispositionSpecified = true; // Create a message object and set its properties MessageType message = new MessageType(); message.Subject = subject; message.Body = new TestOutgoingEmailServer.com.cogniti.mail1.BodyType(); message.Body.BodyType1 = BodyTypeType.HTML; message.Body.Value = body; message.ToRecipients = new EmailAddressType[3]; message.ToRecipients[0] = new EmailAddressType(); //message.ToRecipients[1] = new EmailAddressType(); //message.ToRecipients[2] = new EmailAddressType(); message.ToRecipients[0].EmailAddress = "[email protected]"; message.ToRecipients[0].RoutingType = "SMTP"; //message.CcRecipients = new EmailAddressType[1]; //message.CcRecipients[0] = new EmailAddressType(); //message.CcRecipients[0].EmailAddress = toEmailAddress.ElementAt(1).ToString(); //message.CcRecipients[0].RoutingType = "SMTP"; //There are some more properties in MessageType object //you can set all according to your requirement // Construct the array of items to send request.Items = new NonEmptyArrayOfAllItemsType(); request.Items.Items = new ItemType[1]; request.Items.Items[0] = message; // Call the CreateItem EWS method. CreateItemResponseType response = esb.CreateItem(request);

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• How to setup stunnel so that gmail can use my own smtp server to send messages.

  - by igorhvr

  I am trying to setup gmail to send messages using my own smtp server. I am doing this by using stunnel over a non-ssl enabled server. I am able to use my own smtp client with ssl enabled just fine to my server. Unfortunately, however, gmail seems to be unable to connect to my stunnel port. Gmail seems to be simply closing the connection right after it is established - I get a "SSL socket closed on SSL_read" on my server logs. On gmail, I get a "We are having trouble authenticating with your other mail service. Please try changing your SSL settings. If you continue to experience difficulties, please contact your other email provider for further instructions." message. Any help / tips on figuring this out will be appreciated. My certificate is self-signed - could this perhaps be related to the problem I am experiencing? I pasted the entire SSL session (logs from my server) below. 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082491584]: Service ssmtp accepted FD=0 from 209.85.210.171:46858 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: Service ssmtp started 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: FD=0 in non-blocking mode 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: Option TCP_NODELAY set on local socket 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: Waiting for a libwrap process 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: Acquired libwrap process #0 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: Releasing libwrap process #0 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: Released libwrap process #0 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: Service ssmtp permitted by libwrap from 209.85.210.171:46858 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG5[20897:3082267504]: Service ssmtp accepted connection from 209.85.210.171:46858 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: FD=1 in non-blocking mode 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG6[20897:3082267504]: connect_blocking: connecting 127.0.0.1:25 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: connect_blocking: s_poll_wait 127.0.0.1:25: waiting 10 seconds 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG5[20897:3082267504]: connect_blocking: connected 127.0.0.1:25 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG5[20897:3082267504]: Service ssmtp connected remote server from 127.0.0.1:3701 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: Remote FD=1 initialized 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: Option TCP_NODELAY set on remote socket 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG5[20897:3082267504]: Negotiations for smtp (server side) started 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: RFC 2487 not detected 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG5[20897:3082267504]: Protocol negotiations succeeded 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: SSL state (accept): before/accept initialization 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: SSL state (accept): SSLv3 read client hello A 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: SSL state (accept): SSLv3 write server hello A 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: SSL state (accept): SSLv3 write certificate A 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: SSL state (accept): SSLv3 write certificate request A 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: SSL state (accept): SSLv3 flush data 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG5[20897:3082267504]: CRL: verification passed 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG5[20897:3082267504]: VERIFY OK: depth=2, /C=US/O=Equifax/OU=Equifax Secure Certificate Authority 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG5[20897:3082267504]: CRL: verification passed 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG5[20897:3082267504]: VERIFY OK: depth=1, /C=US/O=Google Inc/CN=Google Internet Authority 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG5[20897:3082267504]: CRL: verification passed 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG5[20897:3082267504]: VERIFY OK: depth=0, /C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Google Inc/CN=smtp.gmail.com 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: SSL state (accept): SSLv3 read client certificate A 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: SSL state (accept): SSLv3 read client key exchange A 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: SSL state (accept): SSLv3 read certificate verify A 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: SSL state (accept): SSLv3 read finished A 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: SSL state (accept): SSLv3 write change cipher spec A 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: SSL state (accept): SSLv3 write finished A 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: SSL state (accept): SSLv3 flush data 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: 1 items in the session cache 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: 0 client connects (SSL_connect()) 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: 0 client connects that finished 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: 0 client renegotiations requested 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: 1 server connects (SSL_accept()) 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: 1 server connects that finished 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: 0 server renegotiations requested 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: 0 session cache hits 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: 0 external session cache hits 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: 0 session cache misses 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: 0 session cache timeouts 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG6[20897:3082267504]: SSL accepted: new session negotiated 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG6[20897:3082267504]: Negotiated ciphers: RC4-MD5 SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=RC4(128) Mac=MD5 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: SSL socket closed on SSL_read 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: Socket write shutdown 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG5[20897:3082267504]: Connection closed: 167 bytes sent to SSL, 37 bytes sent to socket 2011.01.02 16:56:20 LOG7[20897:3082267504]: Service ssmtp finished (0 left)

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• What NAS setup for two-way syncing over the internet?

  - by Jamse

  I have family living a few hours away and have a lot of files that I would like to share - especially lots of folders of digital photos, but also documents etc. - partially so they can see them, partially so I can have access when I visit them and partially for backup / redundancy purposes. My current hard drives on my main machine are getting pretty full anyway, and I have a MythTV box where my music is currently stored, so I was thinking of getting a NAS anyway. And at the other end my family have a few computers, so they would probably benefit from a NAS too. My general idea (though I'm willing to shift on this if there are any bright ideas about other ways of achieving my objectives) is to get a matching pair of NASs and have them sync over the internet. (To cut down on bandwidth use I would get them in sync locally to start with.) Having read around as best I can it seems that syncing over the internet is generally only a feature on quite high end units. However, I have seen that QNAP seem to feature this on their TS-110 and TS-210 units, which might work (they call it "remote replication"). They seem pretty reasonably priced for what they are, but of course with buying 2 of them and then adding the drives (say 1TB or 2TB each) I'd be looking at about £400 total. So, I'm looking for recommendations really. I don't want to spend more than the QNAPs would cost me, but any other ideas would be most appreciated. I am comfortable with technology and tinkering around, but I don't have as much time for that as I would like, so I guess I would favour solutions that require less tinkering rather than more (even though that's less fun!). Any thoughts would be welcome, as would any comments from people who have used the QNAP boxes for this. Thanks in advance. Some specifications: Two-way syncing. Changes made at either end should be synced to the other. There shouldn't be one unit that is effectively a read-only mirror of the other. Not real time. The syncing doesn't need to be real time - if it updated, say, daily overnight that would be fine. Set and forget. I would prefer minimal user interaction once set up - it would be great if syncs were scheduled and automatic. OS independence. I am running Windows XP plus an Ubuntu-based MythTV box. At the other end there are Windows 7 and Windows XP machines, plus a networked TV set top box which I think can play files off the network. Machine independence. I would favour a system that is self-contained, i.e. not reliant on any particular PC being switched on. If the system had enough else going for it I could perhaps work around it at this end, where I only have one PC that's used as such, but it would be harder at the other where there are at least two PCs that might be accessing the files. Notifications. I guess things like getting an email notification if the syncing fell over for any reason would be useful, though it's not a deal breaker. Update I've been digging some more and it looks like QNAP's Remote Replication function is actually just Rsync, so only really suitable for one-way syncing. I've posted on their forum to double check, but I think that's the case. In which case, I think the focus of my question is now either: do any reasonably-priced NASs support bidirectional syncing over the internet?, or has anyone had any luck installing onto NASs for this purpose? (Also, updated question to clarify that I'm after two-way syncing.)

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• Windows 7, HTTPS WebDav: Asks for password twice and fails. Any workarounds?

  - by AutoDMC

  Howdy. I have a Dav server running with PHP SabreDav (code.google.com/p/sabredav/wiki/Windows) on Cherokee at an HTTPS secured URL. It's set to use https, and uses Digest Authentication. I can log in with multiple browsers and a few third party clients (BitKinex and Java AnyClient can connect and browse as well, caveats below). However, when attempting to log in with Windows 7 (surprise, surprise), it asks for my password twice, then tells me that my folder is invalid. I have verified that the server is using Digest authentication. I've verified multiple times that third party software can connect. I even went out and bought a GoDaddy SSL certificate so my SSL wouldn't be self signed anymore. I've applied the registry hacks here: support.microsoft.com/kb/943280 (Note that the article says the "fix" already exists for Windows 7, I just need magical registry hax to get it to work) I've applied the registry hacks here: support.microsoft.com/kb/941050 I've applied the registry hacks here: support.microsoft.com/kb/841215 (Supposedly allows Basic Auth, which shouldn't apply, but why not?) All to no avail; Windows continues to ask for my password twice, then state that "The folder you entered does not appear to be valid. Please choose another." Try the command line? Sure: I've attempted to access with NET USE "https://dav.example.com/" password /USER:me (System error 59) I've attempted to access with NET USE "https://dav.example.com/" (System error 1790) I've attempted to access with NET USE "https://dav.example.com/subdir/" password /USER:me (System error 59) I've attempted to access with NET USE "https://dav.example.com/subdir/" (System error 1790) For good luck: ping dav.example.com ... works. And again, web browsers can access the share just fine, so can third party tools. Best I can tell at this point is "HAHA, NO WEBDAV FOR YOU ON WINDOWS 7" which would be fine except everyone who will be using this application... uses Windows 7. And most are not as persistent or pugnacious as I am. I feel like I've burned through every random suggestion I've found anywhere in the first 10 pages of Google on every search term I can think of. Any ideas? I need it to be Webdav, I need it to be over HTTPS, and I really do need a method to access it from Windows 7. EXTRA DETAIL: However, the "third party" programs I've tried have either been buggy, incomplete, or have silly ... "glitches." For example, BitKinex seems to fixate on any http error codes sent, so if there's a glitch reading a directory, BAM, that directory is always listed empty. Long directory listings also show up as blank, even though the transfer panel shows that directory listing is still taking place. In any case, BitKinex is useless for development purposes for the reasons above. And besides, I'm building this for people other than myself, people who will want to get this dav share working "the regular way."

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• What NAS setup for syncing over the internet?

  - by Jamse

  I have family living a few hours away and have a lot of files that I would like to share - especially lots of folders of digital photos, but also documents etc. - partially so they can see them, partially so I can have access when I visit them and partially for backup / redundancy purposes. My current hard drives on my main machine are getting pretty full anyway, and I have a MythTV box where my music is currently stored, so I was thinking of getting a NAS anyway. And at the other end my family have a few computers, so they would probably benefit from a NAS too. My general idea (though I'm willing to shift on this if there are any bright ideas about other ways of achieving my objectives) is to get a matching pair of NASs and have them sync over the internet. (To cut down on bandwidth use I would get them in sync locally to start with.) Having read around as best I can it seems that syncing over the internet is generally only a feature on quite high end units. However, I have seen that QNAP seem to feature this on their TS-110 and TS-210 units, which might work (they call it "remote replication"). They seem pretty reasonably priced for what they are, but of course with buying 2 of them and then adding the drives (say 1TB or 2TB each) I'd be looking at about £400 total. So, I'm looking for recommendations really. I don't want to spend more than the QNAPs would cost me, but any other ideas would be most appreciated. I am comfortable with technology and tinkering around, but I don't have as much time for that as I would like, so I guess I would favour solutions that require less tinkering rather than more (even though that's less fun!). Any thoughts would be welcome, as would any comments from people who have used the QNAP boxes for this. Thanks in advance. Some specifications: Two-way syncing. Changes made at either end should be synced to the other. There shouldn't be one unit that is effectively a read-only mirror of the other. Not real time. The syncing doesn't need to be real time - if it updated, say, daily overnight that would be fine. Set and forget. I would prefer minimal user interaction once set up - it would be great if syncs were scheduled and automatic. OS independence. I am running Windows XP plus an Ubuntu-based MythTV box. At the other end there are Windows 7 and Windows XP machines, plus a networked TV set top box which I think can play files off the network. Machine independence. I would favour a system that is self-contained, i.e. not reliant on any particular PC being switched on. If the system had enough else going for it I could perhaps work around it at this end, where I only have one PC that's used as such, but it would be harder at the other where there are at least two PCs that might be accessing the files. Notifications. I guess things like getting an email notification if the syncing fell over for any reason would be useful, though it's not a deal breaker.

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• Rosewill RSV-S5 and it's transferespeeds

  - by DoomStone

  I have just bought a Rosewill RSV-S5, I have installed 5x1,5Tb Western Digital Green disks in it. After that have I created a Raid5 on them all with the software that followed with the hardware. Not the raid it self works fine, but it is SLOW, I can only obtain a maximum of 25 MB/s, and if SABnzbd+ is downloading with 5 MB/s is it having a hard time streaming a normal DIVX (700 mb) movie. Is this normal or is there something wrong? Edit: should be able to handle 3 Gbps = 384 megabytes / second Edit 2: As you can see am I only downloading with 3,76 MB/s and I'm trying to watch V s02e08 (720p), but it is completely unwatchable, as I can see 30 sec, and the it buffers for 20 sec. Edit: Other information there might be required I'm running Windows Server 2008 R2, optimized for program performance. Windows is installed on a 60GB SSD. I have a 50 Mb/s internet connection and a 1 Gb/s LAN, all connected with Cat6 Ethernet cables. The MCE is using a Gigabyte EP35C-DS3R motherboard with 2 GB DDR2 ram. Edit 3: I have used chunk sizes for 128 KB Edit 4: I found this on newegg Pros: Enclosure for 5x2TB hard drive is fine. This is basically a rebranded San Digital TR5M-B product. For support Rosewill tells you to contact San Digital. No direct support from Silicon Image for the computer raid card. Cons: Includes computer Silicon Image 3132 raid card, extremely slow raid 5 write (our tests ~10MB/s). Compare to regular internal local drive write 30-60MB/s. We basically dumped the Sil3132 card and replaced with High Point RocketRaid 622 card for extra $69.99. Note for RR622, turn off ECRC (end to end CRC check) for card to work on IBM xserver. What took 12hrs to copy now took 2-3hrs. San Digital realized the problem and has the newer model TR5M-BP TowerRaid Plus that comes with High Point RocketRaid 622 card. Rosewill should discontinue this product and go with TR5M-BP. Could not get Silicon Image raid management software to work with complicated 2008R2 server with 10 NICs, application doesn't know how to talk to localhost port with all those NICs. No updates from Silicon Image and support from San Digital ignored. Gave up on Sil3132 card. Save yourself from a lot of headaches, get the RR622 card too if you are going to buy this product. Other Thoughts: The newer model is TR5M-BP TowerRaid Plus, comes with High Point RocketRaid 622 raid card for the PC instead of Silicon Image Sil3132. According to San Digital, raid 5 performance for Sil3132 read 80MB/s write 19MB/s, and RR622 read 154MB/s write 149MB/s. Our RR622 tests gave (8TB raid 5) write ~80-110MB/s copying 40GB file took 8mins. So I have now ordered a HighPoint RocketRAID 622 2P ext SATA III and hopes that it will solve my problems.

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• Can't configure frame relay T1 on Cisco 1760

  - by sonar

  For the past few days I've been trying to configure a data T1 via a Frame Relay. Now I've been pretty unsuccessful at it, and it's been a while, since I've done this so please bare with me. The ISP provided me the following information: 1. IP address 2. Gateway address 3. Encapsulation Frame Relay 4. DLCI 100 5. BZ8 ESF (I think the bz8 was supposed to be b8zs) 6. Time Slot (1 al 24). And what I have configured up until now is the following: interface Serial0/0 ip address <ip address> 255.255.255.252 encapsulation frame-relay service-module t1 timeslots 1-24 frame-relay interface-dlci 100 sh service-module s0/0 (outputs): Module type is T1/fractional Hardware revision is 0.128, Software revision is 0.2, Image checksum is 0x73D70058, Protocol revision is 0.1 Receiver has no alarms. Framing is **ESF**, Line Code is **B8ZS**, Current clock source is line, Fraction has **24 timeslots** (64 Kbits/sec each), Net bandwidth is 1536 Kbits/sec. Last module self-test (done at startup): Passed Last clearing of alarm counters 00:17:17 loss of signal : 0, loss of frame : 0, AIS alarm : 0, Remote alarm : 2, last occurred 00:10:10 Module access errors : 0, Total Data (last 1 15 minute intervals): 0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations 0 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins 0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 0 Unavail Secs Data in current interval (138 seconds elapsed): 0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations 0 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins 0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 0 Unavail Secs sh int: FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is PQUICC_FEC, address is 000d.6516.e5aa (bia 000d.6516.e5aa) Internet address is 10.0.0.1/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, 100BaseTX/FX ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 00:20:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue: 0/40 (size/max) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 0 packets input, 0 bytes Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored 0 watchdog 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 191 packets output, 20676 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is down Hardware is PQUICC with Fractional T1 CSU/DSU MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1536 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation FRAME-RELAY, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) LMI enq sent 157, LMI stat recvd 0, LMI upd recvd 0, DTE LMI down LMI enq recvd 23, LMI stat sent 0, LMI upd sent 0 LMI DLCI 1023 LMI type is CISCO frame relay DTE FR SVC disabled, LAPF state down Broadcast queue 0/64, broadcasts sent/dropped 2/0, interface broadcasts 0 Last input 00:24:51, output 00:00:05, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:27:20 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) Available Bandwidth 1152 kilobits/sec 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 23 packets input, 302 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 1725 input errors, 595 CRC, 1099 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 30 abort 246 packets output, 3974 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 48 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 4 carrier transitions DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up Serial0/0.1 is down, line protocol is down Hardware is PQUICC with Fractional T1 CSU/DSU MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1536 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation FRAME-RELAY Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Serial0/0.100 is down, line protocol is down Hardware is PQUICC with Fractional T1 CSU/DSU Internet address is <ip address>/30 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1536 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation FRAME-RELAY Last clearing of "show interface" counters never And everything seems to be accounted for to me, but apparently I'm missing something. My issue is that I'm stuck on interface up, line protocol down, so the T1 doesn't go up. Any ideas? Thank you,

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• How do I connect my Windows XP laptop to the internet?

  - by rubysiddhi

  Hello fellow super users, The Past I have a Acer Travelmate 2300 laptop running Windows XP. 6 months ago I moved into a new apartment and got a new internet connection set up. After getting an internet connection installed in my apartment I reinstalled Windows XP and at the same time wiped my drive clean losing all the original Acer software and drivers. Once XP was reinstalled I had to find all the drivers again to get the Travelmate laptop connected to the internet. So, using my Vista laptop which was connected fine, I went to the Acer Travelmate Series drivers download page to download the necessary drivers. I transferred them to my Acer XP machine and installed them the best I could (there were no easy instructions so I just had to find all the executables and run them). I eventually got connected to the internet but not exactly in the way I had hoped for. The Present To be connected to the internet I need to have an Ethernet cord connecting my computer (via the Ethernet port) to my router. This is a problem since it defeats the purpose of having a Wireless LAN card in my Acer laptop. One of the programs I downloaded from the Acer Travelmate Series page was the Acer Wireless LAN Configuration Utility. This program allows me to see the current network I am connected to and all the available networks I could potentially connect to. It reminds me of XP's Wireless Network Connection window/utility where you can see all available wireless networks, refresh the network list and connect to one of the networks. I should mention that my ISP set up a security enabled wireless network with WPA. This network requires a network key if you want to connect to it. I guess my Vista computer has the network key entered into it already. The problem is that I do not know what the network key is. Now obviously you would say just contact my ISP to get the key. And I will but there is just one extra weird issue. I am able to connect to another unsecured wireless network in the Wireless Network Connection window/utility. I can be on it as long as my Ethernet cable is plugged in. So this is not really wireless is it? And this indicates that even if I do get that network key password from my ISP, I will only solve one of the two problems I have. I will only solve being able to get online as long as I am connected to my router via the Ethernet cable. The Main Questions So how do I enable my acer IPN2220 Wireless LAN Card so that I can use my Acer laptop from anywhere with in my apartment? Or should I first get the network key from my ISP to access my security enabled wireless network? And then deal with getting the acer IPN2220 Wireless LAN Card working? Hard & Learned VS Easy & Stupid Of course contacting the ISP would be easier. Have em just come in here and do there thing. The problem with that is that they do not speak English (yeah, im in Poland) and it'd be a hell of a time trying to understand what they are doing (uncomfortable looking over their shoulder). Also, I want to learn how to do this task myself so that I can fix the problem if it ever happens again. You know, be more self sufficient. I look forward to helpful replies. Thanks, Xaviour

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• TFS 2010 Build Custom Activity for Merging Assemblies

  - by Jakob Ehn

  *** The sample build process template discussed in this post is available for download from here: http://cid-ee034c9f620cd58d.office.live.com/self.aspx/BlogSamples/ILMerge.xaml ***   In my previous post I talked about library builds that we use to build and replicate dependencies between applications in TFS. This is typically used for common libraries and tools that several other application need to reference. When the libraries grow in size over time, so does the number of assemblies. So all solutions that uses the common library must reference all the necessary assemblies that they need, and if we for example do a refactoring and extract some code into a new assembly, all the clients must update their references to reflect these changes, otherwise it won’t compile. To improve on this, we use a tool from Microsoft Research called ILMerge (Download from here). It can be used to merge several assemblies into one assembly that contains all types. If you haven’t used this tool before, you should check it out. Previously I have implemented this in builds using a simple batch file that contains the full command, something like this: "%ProgramFiles(x86)%\microsoft\ilmerge\ilmerge.exe" /target:library /attr:ClassLibrary1.bl.dll /out:MyNewLibrary.dll ClassLibrary1.dll ClassLibrar2.dll ClassLibrary3.dll This merges 3 assemblies (ClassLibrary1, 2 and 3) into a new assembly called MyNewLibrary.dll. It will copy the attributes (file version, product version etc..) from ClassLibrary1.dll, using the /attr switch. For more info on ILMerge command line tool, see the above link. This approach works, but requires a little bit too much knowledge for the developers creating builds, therefor I have implemented a custom activity that wraps the use of ILMerge. This makes it much simpler to setup a new build definition and have the build automatically do the merging. The usage of the activity is then implemented as part of the Library Build process template mentioned in the previous post. For this article I have just created a simple build process template that only performs the ILMerge operation.   Below is the code for the custom activity. To make it compile, you need to reference the ILMerge.exe assembly. /// <summary> /// Activity for merging a list of assembies into one, using ILMerge /// </summary> public sealed class ILMergeActivity : BaseCodeActivity { /// <summary> /// A list of file paths to the assemblies that should be merged /// </summary> [RequiredArgument] public InArgument<IEnumerable<string>> InputAssemblies { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Full path to the generated assembly /// </summary> [RequiredArgument] public InArgument<string> OutputFile { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Which input assembly that the attibutes for the generated assembly should be copied from. /// Optional. If not specified, the first input assembly will be used /// </summary> public InArgument<string> AttributeFile { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Kind of assembly to generate, dll or exe /// </summary> public InArgument<TargetKindEnum> TargetKind { get; set; } // If your activity returns a value, derive from CodeActivity<TResult> // and return the value from the Execute method. protected override void Execute(CodeActivityContext context) { string message = InputAssemblies.Get(context).Aggregate("", (current, assembly) => current + (assembly + " ")); TrackMessage(context, "Merging " + message + " into " + OutputFile.Get(context)); ILMerge m = new ILMerge(); m.SetInputAssemblies(InputAssemblies.Get(context).ToArray()); m.TargetKind = TargetKind.Get(context) == TargetKindEnum.Dll ? ILMerge.Kind.Dll : ILMerge.Kind.Exe; m.OutputFile = OutputFile.Get(context); m.AttributeFile = !String.IsNullOrEmpty(AttributeFile.Get(context)) ? AttributeFile.Get(context) : InputAssemblies.Get(context).First(); m.SetTargetPlatform(RuntimeEnvironment.GetSystemVersion().Substring(0,2), RuntimeEnvironment.GetRuntimeDirectory()); m.Merge(); TrackMessage(context, "Generated " + m.OutputFile); } } [Browsable(true)] public enum TargetKindEnum { Dll, Exe } NB: The activity inherits from a BaseCodeActivity class which is an internal helper class which contains some methods and properties useful for moste custom activities. In this case, it uses the TrackeMessage method for writing to the build log. You either need to remove the TrackMessage method calls, or implement this yourself (which is not very hard… ) The custom activity has the following input arguments: InputAssemblies A list with the (full) paths to the assemblies to merge OutputFile The name of the resulting merged assembly AttributeFile Which assembly to use as the template for the attribute of the merged assembly. This argument is optional and if left blank, the first assembly in the input list is used TargetKind Decides what type of assembly to create, can be either a dll or an exe Of course, there are more switches to the ILMerge.exe, and these can be exposed as input arguments as well if you need it. To show how the custom activity can be used, I have attached a build process template (see link at the top of this post) that merges the output of the projects being built (CommonLibrary.dll and CommonLibrary2.dll) into a merged assembly (NewLibrary.dll). The build process template has the following custom process parameters:   The Assemblies To Merge argument is passed into a FindMatchingFiles activity to located all assemblies that are located in the BinariesDirectory folder after the compilation has been performed by Team Build. Here is the complete sequence of activities that performs the merge operation. It is located at the end of the Try, Compile, Test and Associate… sequence: It splits the AssembliesToMerge parameter and appends the full path (using the BinariesDirectory variable) and then enumerates the matching files using the FindMatchingFiles activity. When running the build, you can see that it merges two assemblies into a new one:     And the merged assembly (and associated pdb file) is copied to the drop location together with the rest of the assemblies:

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• Create a Bootable Ubuntu 9.10 USB Flash Drive

  - by Trevor Bekolay

  The Ubuntu Live CD isn’t just useful for trying out Ubuntu before you install it, you can also use it to maintain and repair your Windows PC. Even if you have no intention of installing Linux, every Windows user should have a bootable Ubuntu USB drive on hand in case something goes wrong in Windows. Creating a bootable USB flash drive is surprisingly easy with a small self-contained application called UNetbootin. It will even download Ubuntu for you! Note: Ubuntu will take up approximately 700 MB on your flash drive, so choose a flash drive with at least 1 GB of free space, formatted as FAT32. This process should not remove any existing files on the flash drive, but to be safe you should backup the files on your flash drive. Put Ubuntu on your flash drive UNetbootin doesn’t require installation; just download the application and run it. Select Ubuntu from the Distribution drop-down box, then 9.10_Live from the Version drop-down box. If you have a 64-bit machine, then select 9.10_Live_x64 for the Version. At the bottom of the screen, select the drive letter that corresponds to the USB drive that you want to put Ubuntu on. If you select USB Drive in the Type drop-down box, the only drive letters available will be USB flash drives. Click OK and UNetbootin will start doing its thing. First it will download the Ubuntu Live CD. Then, it will copy the files from the Ubuntu Live CD to your flash drive. The amount of time it takes will vary depending on your Internet speed, an when it’s done, click on Exit. You’re not planning on installing Ubuntu right now, so there’s no need to reboot. If you look at the USB drive now, you should see a bunch of new files and folders. If you had files on the drive before, they should still be present. You’re now ready to boot your computer into Ubuntu 9.10! How to boot into Ubuntu When the time comes that you have to boot into Ubuntu, or if you just want to test and make sure that your flash drive works properly, you will have to set your computer to boot off of the flash drive. The steps to do this will vary depending on your BIOS – which varies depending on your motherboard. To get detailed instructions on changing how your computer boots, search for your motherboard’s manual (or your laptop’s manual for a laptop). For general instructions, which will suffice for 99% of you, read on. Find the important keyboard keys When your computer boots up, a bunch of words and numbers flash across the screen, usually to be ignored. This time, you need to scan the boot-up screen for a few key words with some associated keys: Boot menu and Setup. Typically, these will show up at the bottom of the screen. If your BIOS has a Boot Menu, then read on. Otherwise, skip to the Hard: Using Setup section. Easy: Using the Boot Menu If your BIOS offers a Boot Menu, then during the boot-up process, press the button associated with the Boot Menu. In our case, this is ESC. Our example Boot Menu doesn’t have the ability to boot from USB, but your Boot Menu should have some options, such as USB-CDROM, USB-HDD, USB-FLOPPY, and others. Try the options that start with USB until you find one that works. Don’t worry if it doesn’t work – you can just restart and try again. Using the Boot Menu does not change the normal boot order on your system, so the next time you start up your computer it will boot from the hard drive as normal. Hard: Using Setup If your BIOS doesn’t offer a Boot Menu, then you will have to change the boot order in Setup. Note: There are some options in BIOS Setup that can affect the stability of your machine. Take care to only change the boot order options. Press the button associated with Setup. In our case, this is F2. If your BIOS Setup has a Boot tab, then switch to it and change the order such that one of the USB options occurs first. There may be several USB options, such as USB-CDROM, USB-HDD, USB-FLOPPY, and others; try them out to see which one works for you. If your BIOS does not have a boot tab, boot order is commonly found in Advanced CMOS Options. Note that this changes the boot order permanently until you change it back. If you plan on only plugging in a bootable flash drive when you want to boot from it, then you could leave the boot order as it is, but you may find it easier to switch the order back to the previous order when you reboot from Ubuntu. Booting into Ubuntu If you set the right boot option, then you should be greeted with the UNetbootin screen. Press enter to start Ubuntu with the default options, or wait 10 seconds for this to happen automatically. Ubuntu will start loading. It should go straight to the desktop with no need for a username or password. And that’s it! From this live desktop session, you can try out Ubuntu, and even install software that is not included in the live CD. Installed software will only last for the duration of your session – the next time you start up the live CD it will be back to its original state. Download UNetbootin from sourceforge.net Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Create a Bootable Ubuntu USB Flash Drive the Easy WayReset Your Ubuntu Password Easily from the Live CDHow-To Geek on Lifehacker: Control Your Computer with Shortcuts & Speed Up Vista SetupHow To Setup a USB Flash Drive to Install Windows 7Speed up Your Windows Vista Computer with ReadyBoost TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips Revo Uninstaller Pro Registry Mechanic 9 for Windows PC Tools Internet Security Suite 2010 PCmover Professional New Stinger from McAfee Helps Remove ‘FakeAlert’ Threats Google Apps Marketplace: Tools & Services For Google Apps Users Get News Quick and Precise With Newser Scan for Viruses in Ubuntu using ClamAV Replace Your Windows Task Manager With System Explorer Create Talking Photos using Fotobabble

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