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  • libgdx - removing the circle outline rendered on Box2d CircleShape

    - by Brett
    How can I remove the outline on the circleshape below.. CircleShape circle = new CircleShape(); circle.setRadius(1f); ... using ... batch.draw(textureRegion, position.x - 1, position.y - 1, 1f, 1f, 2, 2, 1, 1, angle); I use this to set the body for a Box2d collision but I get a silly circle shape around my texture in libGdx, i.e. my textured sprite (ball) has a circle over the top of it with a line running from center along the radius. Any ideas on how to remove the overlying circle lines?

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  • Finding Z given X & Y coordinates on terrain?

    - by mrky
    I need to know what the most efficient way of finding Z given X & Y coordinates on terrain. My terrain is set up as a grid, each grid block consisting of two triangles, which may be flipped in any direction. I want to move game objects smoothly along the floor of the terrain without "stepping." I'm currently using the following method with unexpected results: double mapClass::getZ(double x, double y) { int vertexIndex = ((floor(y))*width*2)+((floor(x))*2); vec3ray ray = {glm::vec3(x, y, 2), glm::vec3(x, y, 0)}; vec3triangle tri1 = { glmFrom(vertices[vertexIndex].v1), glmFrom(vertices[vertexIndex].v2), glmFrom(vertices[vertexIndex].v3) }; vec3triangle tri2 = { glmFrom(vertices[vertexIndex+1].v1), glmFrom(vertices[vertexIndex+1].v2), glmFrom(vertices[vertexIndex+1].v3) }; glm::vec3 intersect; if (!intersectRayTriangle(tri1, ray, intersect)) { intersectRayTriangle(tri2, ray, intersect); } return intersect.z; } intersectRayTriangle() and glmFrom() are as follows: bool intersectRayTriangle(vec3triangle tri, vec3ray ray, glm::vec3 &worldIntersect) { glm::vec3 barycentricIntersect; if (glm::intersectLineTriangle(ray.origin, ray.direction, tri.p0, tri.p1, tri.p2, barycentricIntersect)) { // Convert barycentric to world coordinates double u, v, w; u = barycentricIntersect.x; v = barycentricIntersect.y; w = 1 - (u+v); worldIntersect.x = (u * tri.p0.x + v * tri.p1.x + w * tri.p2.x); worldIntersect.y = (u * tri.p0.y + v * tri.p1.y + w * tri.p2.y); worldIntersect.z = (u * tri.p0.z + v * tri.p1.z + w * tri.p2.z); return true; } else { return false; } } glm::vec3 glmFrom(s_point3f point) { return glm::vec3(point.x, point.y, point.z); } My convenience structures are defined as: struct s_point3f { GLfloat x, y, z; }; struct s_triangle3f { s_point3f v1, v2, v3; }; struct vec3ray { glm::vec3 origin, direction; }; struct vec3triangle { glm::vec3 p0, p1, p2; }; vertices is defined as: std::vector<s_triangle3f> vertices; Basically, I'm trying to get the intersect of a ray (which is positioned at the x, and y coordinates specified facing pointing downwards toward the terrain) and one of the two triangles on the grid. getZ() rarely returns anything but 0. Other times, the numbers it generates seem to be completely off. Am I taking the wrong approach? Can anyone see a problem with my code? Any help or critique is appreciated!

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  • Moving my sprite in XNA using classes

    - by Tom
    Hey, im a newbie at this programming lark and its really frustrating me. I'm trying to move a snake in all directions while using classes. Ive created a vector2 for speed and ive attempted creating a method which moves the snake within the snake class. Now I'm confused and not sure what to do next. Appreciate any help. Thanks :D This is what i've done in terms of the method... public Vector2 direction() { Vector2 inputDirection = Vector2.Zero; if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) inputDirection.X -= -1; if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) inputDirection.X += 1; if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Up)) inputDirection.Y -= -1; if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Down)) inputDirection.Y += 1; return inputDirection * snakeSpeed; } Appreciate any help. Thanks :D EDIT: Well let me make everything clear. Im making a small basic game for an assignment. The game is similar to the old snake game on the old Nokia phones. I've created a snake class (even though I'm not sure whether this is needed because im only going to be having one moving sprite within the game). After I written the code above (in the snake class), the game ran with no errors but I couldn't actually move the image :( EDIT2: Thanks so much for everyones responses!!

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  • Turning on collision crashes game

    - by MomentumGaming
    I am getting a null pointer excecption to both my sprite and level. I am working on my mob class, and when I try to move him and the move function is called, the game crashes after checking collision with a null pointer excecption. Taking out the one line that actually checks if the tile located in front of it fixes the problem. Also, if i keep collision ON but don't move the position of the mob (the spider) the game works fine. I will have collision, and the spider appears on the screen, only problem is, getting it to move causes this nasty error that i just can't fix. true Exception in thread "Display" java.lang.NullPointerException at com.apcompsci.game.entity.mob.Mob.collision(Mob.java:67) at com.apcompsci.game.entity.mob.Mob.move(Mob.java:38) at com.apcompsci.game.entity.mob.spider.update(spider.java:58) at com.apcompsci.game.level.Level.update(Level.java:55) at com.apcompsci.game.Game.update(Game.java:128) at com.apcompsci.game.Game.run(Game.java:106) at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source) Here is my renderMob mehtod: public void renderMob(int xp,int yp,Sprite sprite,int flip) { xp -= xOffset; yp-=yOffset; for(int y = 0; y<32; y++) { int ya = y + yp; int ys = y; if(flip == 2||flip == 3)ys = 31-y; for(int x = 0; x<32; x++) { int xa = x + xp; int xs = x; if(flip == 1||flip == 3)xs = 31-x; if(xa < -32 || xa >=width || ya<0||ya>=height) break; if(xa<0) xa =0; int col = sprite.pixels[xs+ys*32]; if(col!= 0x000000) pixels[xa+ya*width] = col; } } } My spider class which determines the sprite and where I control movement, also rendering the spider onto the screen, when I increment ya to move the sprite, I get the crash, but without ya++, it runs flawlessly with a spider sprite on screen: package com.apcompsci.game.entity.mob; import com.apcompsci.game.entity.mob.Mob.Direction; import com.apcompsci.game.graphics.Screen; import com.apcompsci.game.graphics.Sprite; import com.apcompsci.game.level.Level; public class spider extends Mob{ Direction dir; private Sprite sprite; private boolean walking; public spider(int x, int y) { this.x = x <<4; this.y = y <<4; sprite = sprite.spider_forward; } public void update() { int xa = 0, ya = 0; ya++; if(ya<0) { sprite = sprite.spider_forward; dir = Direction.UP; } if(ya>0) { sprite = sprite.spider_back; dir = Direction.DOWN; } if(xa<0) { sprite = sprite.spider_side; dir = Direction.LEFT; } if(xa>0) { sprite = sprite.spider_side; dir = Direction.LEFT; } if(xa!= 0 || ya!= 0) { System.out.println("true"); move(xa,ya); walking = true; } else{ walking = false; } } public void render(Screen screen) { screen.renderMob(x, y, sprite, 0); } } This is th mob class that contains the move() method that is called in the spider class above. This move method calls the collision method. tile and sprite comes up null in the debugger: package com.apcompsci.game.entity.mob; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import com.apcompsci.game.entity.Entity; import com.apcompsci.game.entity.projectile.DemiGodProjectile; import com.apcompsci.game.entity.projectile.Projectile; import com.apcompsci.game.graphics.Sprite; public class Mob extends Entity{ protected Sprite sprite; protected boolean moving = false; protected enum Direction { UP,DOWN,LEFT,RIGHT } protected Direction dir; public void move(int xa,int ya) { if(xa != 0 && ya != 0) { move(xa,0); move(0,ya); return; } if(xa>0) dir = Direction.RIGHT; if(xa<0) dir = Direction.LEFT; if(ya>0)dir = Direction.DOWN; if(ya<0)dir = Direction.UP; if(!collision(xa,ya)){ x+= xa; y+=ya; } } public void update() { } public void shoot(int x, int y, double dir) { //dir = Math.toDegrees(dir); Projectile p = new DemiGodProjectile(x, y,dir); level.addProjectile(p); } public boolean collision(int xa,int ya) { boolean solid = false; for(int c = 0; c<4; c++) { int xt = ((x+xa) + c % 2 * 14 - 8 )/16; int yt = ((y+ya) + c / 2 * 12 +3 )/16; if(level.getTile(xt, yt).solid()) solid = true; } return solid; } public void render() { } } Finally, here is the method in which i call the add() method for the spider to add it to the level: protected void loadLevel(String path) { try{ BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(SpawnLevel.class.getResource(path)); int w = width =image.getWidth(); int h = height = image.getHeight(); tiles = new int[w*h]; image.getRGB(0, 0, w,h, tiles,0, w); } catch(IOException e){ e.printStackTrace(); System.out.println("Exception! Could not load level file!"); } add(new spider(20,45)); } I don't think i need to include the level class but just in case, I have provided a gistHub link for better context. It contains all of the full classes listed above , plus my entity class and maybe another. Thanks for the help if you decide to do so, much appreciated! Also, please tell me if i'm in the wrong section of stackeoverflow, i figured that since this is the gamign section that it belonged but debugging code normally goes into the general section.

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  • Does DirectX implement Triple Buffering?

    - by Asik
    As AnandTech put it best in this 2009 article: In render ahead, frames cannot be dropped. This means that when the queue is full, what is displayed can have a lot more lag. Microsoft doesn't implement triple buffering in DirectX, they implement render ahead (from 0 to 8 frames with 3 being the default). The major difference in the technique we've described here is the ability to drop frames when they are outdated. Render ahead forces older frames to be displayed. Queues can help smoothness and stuttering as a few really quick frames followed by a slow frame end up being evened out and spread over more frames. But the price you pay is in lag (the more frames in the queue, the longer it takes to empty the queue and the older the frames are that are displayed). As I understand it, DirectX "Swap Chain" is merely a render ahead queue, i.e. buffers cannot be dropped; the longer the chain, the greater the input latency. At the same time, I find it hard to believe that the most widely used graphics API would not implement such fundamental functionality correctly. Is there a way to get proper triple buffered vertical synchronisation in DirectX?

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  • Android threads trouble wrapping my head around design

    - by semajhan
    I am having trouble wrapping my head around game design. On the android platform, I have an activity and set its content view with a custom surface view. The custom surface view acts as my panel and I create instances of all classes and do all the drawing and calculation in there. Question: Should I instead create the instances of other classes in my activity? Now I create a custom thread class that handles the game loop. Question: How do I use this one class in all my activities? Or do I have to create a separate thread each time? In my previous game, I had multiple levels that had to create an instance of the thread class and in the thread class I had to set constructor methods for each separate level and in the loop use a switch statement to check which level it needs to render and update. Sorry if that sounds confusing. I just want to know if the method I am using is inefficient (which it probably is) and how to go about designing it the correct way. I have read many tutorials out there and I am still having lots of trouble with this particular topic. Maybe a link to a some tutorials that explain this? Thanks.

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  • Is there an open source sports manager project?

    - by massive
    For a long time I've tried to search for an open source manager game, but without any luck. I'm looking for a suitable project for a reference to my own pet project. Features like well designed data model, tournament and fixture generation and understandable match simulation algorithm would be a great bonuses. I'm especially interested in game projects like Hattrick and SI Games' Football Manager, although it is irrelevant what the particular sport is. The project should be preferably web-based as Hattrick is. I've crawled through GitHub and SourceForge, but I found only a few sports simulation projects. Projects, which I have found, were either dead or not fulfilling my wishes. Do you know any open source manager game / fantasy sports game project, which would be available as open source, OR at least any material, which would be useful when building a such project?

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  • Shadows shimmer when camera moves

    - by Chad Layton
    I've implemented shadow maps in my simple block engine as an exercise. I'm using one directional light and using the view volume to create the shadow matrices. I'm experiencing some problems with the shadows shimmering when the camera moves and I'd like to know if it's an issue with my implementation or just an issue with basic/naive shadow mapping itself. Here's a video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyprATt5BBg&feature=youtu.be Here's the code I use to create the shadow matrices. The commented out code is my original attempt to perfectly fit the view frustum. You can also see my attempt to try clamping movement to texels in the shadow map which didn't seem to make any difference. Then I tried using a bounding sphere instead, also to no apparent effect. public void CreateViewProjectionTransformsToFit(Camera camera, out Matrix viewTransform, out Matrix projectionTransform, out Vector3 position) { BoundingSphere cameraViewFrustumBoundingSphere = BoundingSphere.CreateFromFrustum(camera.ViewFrustum); float lightNearPlaneDistance = 1.0f; Vector3 lookAt = cameraViewFrustumBoundingSphere.Center; float distanceFromLookAt = cameraViewFrustumBoundingSphere.Radius + lightNearPlaneDistance; Vector3 directionFromLookAt = -Direction * distanceFromLookAt; position = lookAt + directionFromLookAt; viewTransform = Matrix.CreateLookAt(position, lookAt, Vector3.Up); float lightFarPlaneDistance = distanceFromLookAt + cameraViewFrustumBoundingSphere.Radius; float diameter = cameraViewFrustumBoundingSphere.Radius * 2.0f; Matrix.CreateOrthographic(diameter, diameter, lightNearPlaneDistance, lightFarPlaneDistance, out projectionTransform); //Vector3 cameraViewFrustumCentroid = camera.ViewFrustum.GetCentroid(); //position = cameraViewFrustumCentroid - (Direction * (camera.FarPlaneDistance - camera.NearPlaneDistance)); //viewTransform = Matrix.CreateLookAt(position, cameraViewFrustumCentroid, Up); //Vector3[] cameraViewFrustumCornersWS = camera.ViewFrustum.GetCorners(); //Vector3[] cameraViewFrustumCornersLS = new Vector3[8]; //Vector3.Transform(cameraViewFrustumCornersWS, ref viewTransform, cameraViewFrustumCornersLS); //Vector3 min = cameraViewFrustumCornersLS[0]; //Vector3 max = cameraViewFrustumCornersLS[0]; //for (int i = 1; i < 8; i++) //{ // min = Vector3.Min(min, cameraViewFrustumCornersLS[i]); // max = Vector3.Max(max, cameraViewFrustumCornersLS[i]); //} //// Clamp to nearest texel //float texelSize = 1.0f / Renderer.ShadowMapSize; //min.X -= min.X % texelSize; //min.Y -= min.Y % texelSize; //min.Z -= min.Z % texelSize; //max.X -= max.X % texelSize; //max.Y -= max.Y % texelSize; //max.Z -= max.Z % texelSize; //// We just use an orthographic projection matrix. The sun is so far away that it's rays are essentially parallel. //Matrix.CreateOrthographicOffCenter(min.X, max.X, min.Y, max.Y, -max.Z, -min.Z, out projectionTransform); } And here's the relevant part of the shader: if (CastShadows) { float4 positionLightCS = mul(float4(position, 1.0f), LightViewProj); float2 texCoord = clipSpaceToScreen(positionLightCS) + 0.5f / ShadowMapSize; float shadowMapDepth = tex2D(ShadowMapSampler, texCoord).r; float distanceToLight = length(LightPosition - position); float bias = 0.2f; if (shadowMapDepth < (distanceToLight - bias)) { return float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); } } The shimmer is slightly better if I drastically reduce the view volume but I think that's mostly just because the texels become smaller and it's harder to notice them flickering back and forth. I'd appreciate any insight, I'd very much like to understand what's going on before I try other techniques.

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  • Making organic 2D tilemaps for tile based games...

    - by Codejoy
    So I have always wondered how one makes a nice (not so squarish) 2d tile map, is it possible? all games now days I think use textured polygons...but my game engine (and engine) doesn't support that to my knowledge. But it does support nice TMX files generated by mapeditor.org's Tiled Map Editor. Though in my game I want nice twisting and turning caverns to traverse ... I was wondering some ideas on such a process... is it in the art style? The type of tile engine? both? So what are some common techniques?

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  • Adding new events to be handled by script part without recompilation of c++ source code

    - by paul424
    As in title I want to write an Event system with handling methods written in external script language, that is Angelscript. The AS methods would have acess to game's world modifing API ( which has to be regsitered for Angelscript Machine as the game starts) . I have come to this problem : if we use the Angelsript for rapid prototyping of the game's world behavior , we would like to be able to define new Event Types, without recompiling the main binary. Is that ever possible , don't stick to Angelscript, I think about any possible scripting language. The main thought is this : If there's some really new Event possible to be constructed , we must monitor some information coming from the binary, for example some variable value changing and the Events are just triggered on some conditions on those changes , wer might be monitoring the Creatures HP, by having a function call on each change, there we could define new Events such as Creature hurt, creature killed, creature healed , creature killed and tormented to pieces ( like geting HP very much below 0 ) . Are there any other ideas of constructing new Events at the scripting side ?

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  • Who owns the intellectual property to Fragile Allegiance?

    - by analytik
    Fragile Allegiance was developed by Gremlin Interactive, which was later acquired by Infogrames (Atari). I couldn't find any details of the acquisition though. The only interesting thing I have found online is that the owner of the registered trademark Fragile Allegiance is Interplay, who published Fragile Allegiance. However, the only copyright note I've found was in one installation .ini file, claiming it for Gremlin. What are the common business practices when it comes to old, unused IPs? What do publishers/developers actually need to legally claim an intellectual property? Does anyone have an experience with contacting big publishers with copyright/IP inquiries? Related legal question.

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  • Keeping game model and graphics/animation separate but in sync

    - by AJM
    Suppose I'm building a chess game where I want to have animations. Pieces glide to their new squares when moved. Pieces perform attack animations when capturing other pieces. I'm not sure how to effectively separate the data and logic needed for these animations and the actual game model (in the MVC sense). The pieces themselves should ideally not have to worry about their pixel coordinates or current animation frame. At the same time, many changes to the model are effectively driven by animations. A moved piece changes its position after (before?) its sprite is done gliding. A piece is removed from the board after the capturing piece is finished its attack animation. How would you suggest I manage the game model, the graphics and animations, and their relationships? For example, where would the animations "live"? How would animations be created and managed in response to player moves? How would animations drive updates to the game model, or how would the game model drive animations?

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  • Can't load vector font in Nuclex Framework

    - by ProgrammerAtWork
    I've been trying to get this to work for the last 2 hours and I'm not getting what I'm doing wrong... I've added Nuclex.TrueTypeImporter to my references in my content and I've added Nuclex.Fonts & Nuclex.Graphics in my main project. I've put Arial-24-Vector.spritefont & Lindsey.spritefont in the root of my content directory. _spriteFont = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("Lindsey"); // works _testFont = Content.Load<VectorFont>("Arial-24-Vector"); // crashes I get this error on the _testFont line: File contains Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.SpriteFont but trying to load as Nuclex.Fonts.VectorFont. So I've searched around and by the looks of it it has something to do with the content importer & the content processor. For the content importer I have no new choices, so I leave it as it is, Sprite Font Description - XNA Framework for content processor and I select Vector Font - Nuclex Framework And then I try to run it. _testFont = Content.Load<VectorFont>("Arial-24-Vector"); // crashes again I get the following error Error loading "Arial-24-Vector". It does work if I load a sprite, so it's not a pathing problem. I've checked the samples, they do work, but I think they also use a different version of the XNA framework because in my version the "Content" class starts with a capital letter. I'm at a loss, so I ask here. Edit: Something super weird is going on. I've just added the following two lines to a method inside FreeTypeFontProcessor::FreeTypeFontProcessor( Microsoft::Xna::Framework::Content::Pipeline::Graphics::FontDescription ^fontDescription, FontHinter hinter, just to check if code would even get there: System::Console::WriteLine("I AM HEEREEE"); System::Console::ReadLine(); So, I compile it, put it in my project, I run it and... it works! What the hell?? This is weird because I've downloaded the binaries, they didn't work, I've compiled the binaries myself. didn't work either, but now I make a small change to the code and it works? _. So, now I remove the two lines, compile it again and it works again. Someone care to elaborate what is going on? Probably some weird caching problem!

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  • 2D Platformer Collision Handling

    - by defender-zone
    Hello, everyone! I am trying to create a 2D platformer (Mario-type) game and I am some having some issues with handling collisions properly. I am writing this game in C++, using SDL for input, image loading, font loading, etcetera. I am also using OpenGL via the FreeGLUT library in conjunction with SDL to display graphics. My method of collision detection is AABB (Axis-Aligned Bounding Box), which is really all I need to start with. What I need is an easy way to both detect which side the collision occurred on and handle the collisions properly. So, basically, if the player collides with the top of the platform, reposition him to the top; if there is a collision to the sides, reposition the player back to the side of the object; if there is a collision to the bottom, reposition the player under the platform. I have tried many different ways of doing this, such as trying to find the penetration depth and repositioning the player backwards by the penetration depth. Sadly, nothing I've tried seems to work correctly. Player movement ends up being very glitchy and repositions the player when I don't want it to. Part of the reason is probably because I feel like this is something so simple but I'm over-thinking it. If anyone thinks they can help, please take a look at the code below and help me try to improve on this if you can. I would like to refrain from using a library to handle this (as I want to learn on my own) or the something like the SAT (Separating Axis Theorem) if at all possible. Thank you in advance for your help! void world1Level1CollisionDetection() { for(int i; i < blocks; i++) { if (de2dCheckCollision(ball,block[i],0.0f,0.0f)==true) { int up = 0; int left = 0; int right = 0; int down = 0; if(ball.coords[0] < block[i].coords[0] && block[i].coords[0] < ball.coords[2] && ball.coords[2] < block[i].coords[2]) { left = 1; } if(block[i].coords[0] < ball.coords[0] && ball.coords[0] < block[i].coords[2] && block[i].coords[2] < ball.coords[2]) { right = 1; } if(ball.coords[1] < block[i].coords[1] && block[i].coords[1] < ball.coords[3] && ball.coords[3] < block[i].coords[3]) { up = 1; } if(block[i].coords[1] < ball.coords[1] && ball.coords[1] < block[i].coords[3] && block[i].coords[3] < ball.coords[3]) { down = 1; } cout << left << ", " << right << ", " << up << ", " << down << ", " << endl; if (left == 1) { ball.coords[0] = block[i].coords[0] - 16.0f; ball.coords[2] = block[i].coords[0] - 0.0f; } if (right == 1) { ball.coords[0] = block[i].coords[2] + 0.0f; ball.coords[2] = block[i].coords[2] + 16.0f; } if (down == 1) { ball.coords[1] = block[i].coords[3] + 0.0f; ball.coords[3] = block[i].coords[3] + 16.0f; } if (up == 1) { ball.yspeed = 0.0f; ball.gravity = 0.0f; ball.coords[1] = block[i].coords[1] - 16.0f; ball.coords[3] = block[i].coords[1] - 0.0f; } } if (de2dCheckCollision(ball,block[i],0.0f,0.0f)==false) { ball.gravity = -0.5f; } } } To explain what some of this code means: The blocks variable is basically an integer that is storing the amount of blocks, or platforms. I am checking all of the blocks using a for loop, and the number that the loop is currently on is represented by integer i. The coordinate system might seem a little weird, so that's worth explaining. coords[0] represents the x position (left) of the object (where it starts on the x axis). coords[1] represents the y position (top) of the object (where it starts on the y axis). coords[2] represents the width of the object plus coords[0] (right). coords[3] represents the height of the object plus coords[1] (bottom). de2dCheckCollision performs an AABB collision detection. Up is negative y and down is positive y, as it is in most games. Hopefully I have provided enough information for someone to help me successfully. If there is something I left out that might be crucial, let me know and I'll provide the necessary information. Finally, for anyone who can help, providing code would be very helpful and much appreciated. Thank you again for your help!

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  • Best practices for periodically saving game state to disk

    - by Ben Morris
    I'm working on an MMO. All of the player and environment data lives on a server and is kept in memory. There's a "world" object which keeps track of all of the maps, characters, etc. and their relations to each other. To avoid data loss in case of a crash, I've been periodically serializing the world to disk. The trouble is, this object can be quite large, so when the server starts writing, there's noticeable in-game slowdown for a few seconds, which I'd like to avoid. Any pointers on how to go about this in a more efficient way?

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  • Implementing Light Volume Front Faces

    - by cubrman
    I recently read an article about light indexed deferred rendering from here: http://code.google.com/p/lightindexed-deferredrender/ It explains its ideas in a clear way, but there was one point that I failed to understand. It in fact is one of the most interesting ones, as it explains how to implement transparency with this approach: Typically when rendering light volumes in deferred rendering, only surfaces that intersect the light volume are marked and lit. This is generally accomplished by a “shadow volume like” technique of rendering back faces – incrementing stencil where depth is greater than – then rendering front faces and only accepting when depth is less than and stencil is not zero. By only rendering front faces where depth is less than, all future lookups by fragments in the forward rendering pass will get all possible lights that could hit the fragment. Can anyone explain how exactly you need to render only front faces? Another question is why do you need the front faces at all? Why can't we simply render all the lights and store the ones that overlap at this pixel in a texture? Does this approach serves as a cut-off plane to discard lights blocked by opaque geometry?

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  • Quaternion dfference + time --> angular velocity (gyroscope in physics library)

    - by AndrewK
    I am using Bullet Physic library to program some function, where I have difference between orientation from gyroscope given in quaternion and orientation of my object, and time between each frame in milisecond. All I want is set the orientation from my gyroscope to orientation of my object in 3D space. But all I can do is set angular velocity to my object. I have orientation difference and time, and from that I calculate vector of angular velocity [Wx,Wy,Wz] from that formula: W(t) = 2 * dq(t)/dt * conj(q(t)) My code is: btQuaternion diffQuater = gyroQuater - boxQuater; btQuaternion conjBoxQuater = gyroQuater.inverse(); btQuaternion velQuater = ((diffQuater * 2.0f) / d_time) * conjBoxQuater; And everything works well, till I get: 1 rotating around Y axis, angle about 60 degrees, then I have these values in 2 critical frames: x: -0.013220 y: -0.038050 z: -0.021979 w: -0.074250 - diffQuater x: 0.120094 y: 0.818967 z: 0.156797 w: -0.538782 - gyroQuater x: 0.133313 y: 0.857016 z: 0.178776 w: -0.464531 - boxQuater x: 0.207781 y: 0.290452 z: 0.245594 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: 3.153619 y: -66.947929 z: 175.936615 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: 4.290697 y: -57.553043 z: 173.320053 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: 0.138128 y: 2.823307 z: 1.025552 w: 0.131360 - velQuater d_time: 0.058000 x: 0.211020 y: 1.595124 z: 0.303650 w: -1.143846 - diffQuater x: 0.089518 y: 0.771939 z: 0.144527 w: -0.612543 - gyroQuater x: -0.121502 y: -0.823185 z: -0.159123 w: 0.531303 - boxQuater x: nan y: nan z: nan - diffQuater -> euler angles x: 2.985240 y: -76.304405 z: -170.555054 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: 3.269681 y: -65.977966 z: 175.639420 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: -0.730262 y: -2.882153 z: -1.294721 w: 63.325996 - velQuater d_time: 0.063000 2 rotating around X axis, angle about 120 degrees, then I have these values in 2 critical frames: x: -0.013045 y: -0.004186 z: -0.005667 w: -0.022482 - diffQuater x: -0.848030 y: -0.187985 z: 0.114400 w: 0.482099 - gyroQuater x: -0.834985 y: -0.183799 z: 0.120067 w: 0.504580 - boxQuater x: 0.036336 y: 0.002312 z: 0.020859 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: -113.129463 y: 0.731925 z: 25.415056 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: -110.232368 y: 0.860897 z: 25.350458 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: -0.865820 y: -0.456086 z: 0.034084 w: 0.013184 - velQuater d_time: 0.055000 x: -1.721662 y: -0.387898 z: 0.229844 w: 0.910235 - diffQuater x: -0.874310 y: -0.200132 z: 0.115142 w: 0.426933 - gyroQuater x: 0.847352 y: 0.187766 z: -0.114703 w: -0.483302 - boxQuater x: -144.402298 y: 4.891629 z: 71.309158 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: -119.515343 y: 1.745076 z: 26.646086 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: -112.974533 y: 0.738675 z: 25.411509 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: 2.086195 y: 0.676526 z: -0.424351 w: 70.104248 - velQuater d_time: 0.057000 2 rotating around Z axis, angle about 120 degrees, then I have these values in 2 critical frames: x: -0.000736 y: 0.002812 z: -0.004692 w: -0.008181 - diffQuater x: -0.003829 y: 0.012045 z: -0.868035 w: 0.496343 - gyroQuater x: -0.003093 y: 0.009232 z: -0.863343 w: 0.504524 - boxQuater x: -0.000822 y: -0.003032 z: 0.004162 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: -1.415189 y: 0.304210 z: -120.481873 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: -1.091881 y: 0.227784 z: -119.399445 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: 0.159042 y: 0.169228 z: -0.754599 w: 0.003900 - velQuater d_time: 0.025000 x: -0.007598 y: 0.024074 z: -1.749412 w: 0.968588 - diffQuater x: -0.003769 y: 0.012030 z: -0.881377 w: 0.472245 - gyroQuater x: 0.003829 y: -0.012045 z: 0.868035 w: -0.496343 - boxQuater x: -5.645197 y: 1.148993 z: -146.507187 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: -1.418294 y: 0.270319 z: -123.638245 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: -1.415183 y: 0.304208 z: -120.481873 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: 0.017498 y: -0.013332 z: 2.040073 w: 148.120056 - velQuater d_time: 0.027000 The problem is the most visible in diffQuater - euler angles vector. Can someone tell me why it is like that? and how to solve that problem? All suggestions are welcome.

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  • OpenGL: glGetError() returns invalid enum after call to glewInit()

    - by malymato
    I use GLEW and freeglut. For some reason, after a call to glewInit(), glGetError() returns error code 1280. Reinstalling the drivers didn't help. I tried to disable glewExperimental, it had no effect. Code worked before, but I am not aware of any changes I could possibly make. Here's my code: int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { GLenum GlewInitResult, res; InitWindow(argc, argv); res = glGetError(); // res = 0 glewExperimental = GL_TRUE; GlewInitResult = glewInit(); res = glGetError(); // res = 1280 glutMainLoop(); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); } void InitWindow(int argc, char* argv[]) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitContextVersion(4, 0); glutInitContextFlags(GLUT_FORWARD_COMPATIBLE); glutInitContextProfile(GLUT_CORE_PROFILE); glutSetOption(GLUT_ACTION_ON_WINDOW_CLOSE, GLUT_ACTION_GLUTMAINLOOP_RETURNS); glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0); glutInitWindowSize(CurrentWidth, CurrentHeight); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA); WindowHandle = glutCreateWindow(WINDOW_TITLE); GLenum errorCheckValue = glGetError(); if (WindowHandle < 1) { fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Could not create new rendering window.\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } glutReshapeFunc(ResizeFunction); glutDisplayFunc(RenderFunction); glutIdleFunc(IdleFunction); glutTimerFunc(0, TimerFunction, 0); glutCloseFunc(Cleanup); glutKeyboardFunc(KeyboardFunction); } Could someone tell me what I am doing wrong? Thanks.

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  • Missing z-axis rotation for transforming between two vectors

    - by Steve Baughman
    I'm trying to rotate a cube so that it's facing up, but am getting hung up on the final implementation details. It now reliably will rotate the x,y axis to the correct side, but the z-axis is never rotating (See photos of before and after rotation). When I'm using the code below I always get '0' for my rotationVector.z. What am I missing here? // Define lookAt vector lookAtVector = GLKVector3Make(0,0,1); // Define axes vectors axes[0] = GLKVector3Make(0,0,1); axes[1] = GLKVector3Make(-1,0,0); axes[2] = GLKVector3Make(0,1,0); axes[3] = GLKVector3Make(1,0,0); axes[4] = GLKVector3Make(0,-1,0); axes[5] = GLKVector3Make(0,0,-1); CGFloat highest_dot = -1.0; GLKVector3 closest_axis; for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { // multiply cube's axes by existing matrix GLKVector3 axis = GLKMatrix4MultiplyVector3(matrix, axes[i]); CGFloat dot = GLKVector3DotProduct(axis, lookAtVector); if(dot > highest_dot) { closest_axis = axis; highest_dot = dot; } } GLKVector3 rotationVector = GLKVector3CrossProduct(closest_axis, lookAtVector); // Get angle between vectors CGFloat angle = atan2(GLKVector3Length(rotationVector), GLKVector3DotProduct(closest_axis, lookAtVector)); // normalize the rotation vector rotationVector = GLKVector3Normalize(rotationVector); // Create transform CATransform3D rotationTransform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(angle, rotationVector.x, rotationVector.y, rotationVector.z); // add rotation transform to existing transformation baseTransform = CATransform3DConcat(baseTransform, rotationTransform); return baseTransform; Before 3d Rotation After 3d Rotation Implementation based on this post

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  • Making entire scene fade to grayscale

    - by Fibericon
    When the player loses all of their lives, I want the entire game screen to go grayscale, but not stop updating immediately. I'd also prefer it fade to grayscale instead of suddenly lose all color. Everything I've found so far is either about taking a screenshot and making it grayscale, or making a specific texture grayscale. Is there a way to change the entire playing field and all objects within to grayscale without iterating through everything?

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  • Algorithm for waypoint path following?

    - by Thierry Savard Saucier
    I have a worldmap, with different cities on it. The player can choose a city from a menu, or click on an available cities on the world map, and the toon should walk over there. I want him to follow a predefined path. Lets say our hero is on the city 1. He clicks on city 4. I want him to follow the path to city 2 and from there to city 4. I was handling this easily with arrow movement (left right top bottom) since its a single check. Now I'm not sure how I should do this. Should I loop threw each possible path and check which one leads me to D the fastest ... and if I do how do I avoid running in circle forever with cities 1-5-2 ?

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  • Load order in XNA?

    - by marc wellman
    I am wondering whether the is a mechanism to manually control the call-order of void Game.LoadContent() as it is the case with void Game.Draw(GameTime gt) by setting int DrawableGameComponent.DrawOrder ? except the order that results from adding components to the Game.Components container and maybe there exists something similar with Game.Update(GameTime gt) ? UPDATE To exemplify my issue consider you have several game components which do depends to each other regarding their instantiation. All are inherited from DrawableGameComponent. Now suppose that in one of these components you are loading a Model from the games content pipeline and add it to some static container in order to provide access to it for other game components. public override LoadContent() { // ... Model m = _contentManager.Load<Model>(@"content/myModel"); // GameComponents is a static class with an accessible list where game components reside. GameComponents.AddCompnent(m); // ... } Now it's easy to imagine that this components load method has to precede other game components that do want to access the model m in their own load method.

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  • Does Unity's "Transparent Bumped Specular" translate to "semi-shiny must be semi-transparent"?

    - by Shivan Dragon
    Unity's documentation for the "Transparent Bumped Specular" shader/material-type is simply a concatenation of each of the descriptions for its Transparent and Specular Shaders (and also Bumped, but that doesn't apply to the question): Transparent Properties This shader can make mesh geometry partially or fully transparent by reading the alpha channel of the main texture. In the alpha, 0 (black) is completely transparent while 255 (white) is completely opaque. If your main texture does not have an alpha channel, the object will appear completely opaque. (...) Specular Properties (...) Additionally, the alpha channel of the main texture acts as a Specular Map (sometimes called "gloss map"), defining which areas of the object are more reflective than others. Black areas of the alpha will be zero specular reflection, while white areas will be full specular reflection. To me this translates to: I have a mesh representig a car tire The texture need to be very shiny on the rims parts, and almost not shiny at all for the rubber parts Also since the rim is really complex, (with like cut-out decoretions and such), I will not build that into the mesh, but fake it with transparency in the texture I can't do all this using Unity's "Transparent Bumped Specular" shader, because the "rubber" part of the texture will become semi transparent due to me painting the alpha channel dark-grey (because I want it to also be less shiny). Is this correct? If not, how can I make this work?

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  • SDL_image & OpenGL Problem

    - by Dylan
    i've been following tutorials online to load textures using SDL and display them on a opengl quad. but ive been getting weird results that no one else on the internet seems to be getting... so when i render the texture in opengl i get something like this. http://www.kiddiescissors.com/after.png when the original .bmp file is this: http://www.kiddiescissors.com/before.bmp ive tried other images too, so its not that this particular image is corrupt. it seems like my rgb channels are all jumbled or something. im pulling my hair out at this point. heres the relevant code from my init() function if ( SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) != 0 ) { return 1; } SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER, 1); SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_RED_SIZE, 8 ); SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_GREEN_SIZE, 8 ); SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_BLUE_SIZE, 8 ); SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_ALPHA_SIZE, 8 ); SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_MULTISAMPLEBUFFERS, 1); SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_MULTISAMPLESAMPLES, 4); SDL_SetVideoMode(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT, 32, SDL_HWSURFACE | SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER | SDL_OPENGL); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(50, (GLfloat)WINDOW_WIDTH/WINDOW_HEIGHT, 1, 50); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glEnable(GL_MULTISAMPLE); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_MODULATE); glBlendFunc(GL_ONE, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); glEnable(GL_BLEND); heres the code that is called when my main player object (the one with which this sprite is associated) is initialized texture = 0; SDL_Surface* surface = IMG_Load("i.bmp"); glGenTextures(1, &texture); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, surface->w, surface->h, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, surface->pixels); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); SDL_FreeSurface(surface); and then heres the relevant code from my display function glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glLoadIdentity(); glColor4f(1, 1, 1, 1); glPushMatrix(); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); glTranslatef(getCenter().x, getCenter().y, 0); glRotatef(getAngle()*(180/M_PI), 0, 0, 1); glTranslatef(-getCenter().x, -getCenter().y, 0); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(getTopLeft().x, getTopLeft().y, 0); glTexCoord2f(0, 1); glVertex3f(getTopLeft().x, getTopLeft().y + size.y, 0); glTexCoord2f(1, 1); glVertex3f(getTopLeft().x + size.x, getTopLeft().y + size.y, 0); glTexCoord2f(1, 0); glVertex3f(getTopLeft().x + size.x, getTopLeft().y, 0); glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); let me know if i left out anything important... or if you need more info from me. thanks a ton, -Dylan

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  • Heightmap in Shader not working

    - by CSharkVisibleBasix
    I'm trying to implement GPU based geometry clipmapping and have problems to apply a simple heightmap to my terrain. For the heightmap I use a simple texture with the surface format "single". I've taken the texture from here. To apply it to my terrain, I use the following shader code: texture Heightmap; sampler2D HeightmapSampler = sampler_state { Texture = <Heightmap>; MinFilter = Point; MagFilter = Point; MipFilter = Point; AddressU = Mirror; AddressV = Mirror; }; Vertex Shader: float4 worldPos = mul(float4(pos.x,0.0f,pos.y, 1.0f), worldMatrix); float elevation = tex2Dlod(HeightmapSampler, float4(worldPos.x, worldPos.z,0,0)); worldPos.y = elevation * 128; The complete vertex shader (also containig clipmapping transforms) looks like this: float4x4 View : View; float4x4 Projection : Projection; float3 CameraPos : CameraPosition; float LODscale; //The LOD ring index 0:highest x:lowest float2 Position; //The position of the part in the world texture Heightmap; sampler2D HeightmapSampler = sampler_state { Texture = <Heightmap>; MinFilter = Point; MagFilter = Point; MipFilter = Point; AddressU = Mirror; AddressV = Mirror; }; //Accept only float2 because we extract 3rd dim out of Heightmap float4 wireframe_VS(float2 pos : POSITION) : POSITION{ float4x4 worldMatrix = float4x4( LODscale, 0, 0, 0, 0, LODscale, 0, 0, 0, 0, LODscale, 0, - Position.x * 64 * LODscale + CameraPos.x, 0, Position.y * 64 * LODscale + CameraPos.z, 1); float4 worldPos = mul(float4(pos.x,0.0f,pos.y, 1.0f), worldMatrix); float elevation = tex2Dlod(HeightmapSampler, float4(worldPos.x, worldPos.z,0,0)); worldPos.y = elevation * 128; float4 viewPos = mul(worldPos, View); float4 projPos = mul(viewPos, Projection); return projPos; }

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