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  • How to boot a Linux live USB on a Mac?

    - by nambuls
    I have a USB stick with a Fedora 11 live environment on it. It's booting fine on 3 PCs where I've tried it. But I can't get it to boot on a Mac (Intel). When pressing the alt key (or command key, I don't remember which one) during startup I can only choose the "Macintosh HD" and the USB stick doesn't appear.

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  • Ubuntu in failed state after upgrade from 10.04 to 10.10 - How to recover?

    - by Harvey
    I was running Ubuntu 10.04 and attempted to upgrade to 10.10. I have a really slow connection (DSL 128kbits/sec) and copying the upgrade files took about 26 hours. I of course let it run unattended. When I came back, I notice the following 3 dlgs: 1. Could not install the upgrades The upgrade has aborted. Your system could be in an unusable state. A recovery will run now (dpkg -- configure -a). 2. gpk-update-icon Distribution upgrades available maverick 10.10 (stable) [more information] [Do no show this again] [Cancel] [Ok] 3. gpk-update-icon Security updates available The following important updates are available for your computer: libwebkit-1.0-2-dbg - Web content engine library for Gtk+ - Debugging symbols libcupsimage2 - Common UNIX Printing System(tm) - Raster image library ... What is the best response to all of this? I went through something similar in an attempted network upgrade from 8.04 to 10.04 and had to reload the unbootable machine fresh from distribution media (all data was lost). I'd like to avoid that here. I have not yet responded to the dialogs, and want to make sure the system is still bootable and not lose my data this time.

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  • Can you get any program in Linux to print a stack trace if it segfaults?

    - by Neil
    If I run a program from the shell, and it segfaults: $ buggy_program Segmentation fault It will tell me, however, is there a way to get programs to print a backtrace, perhaps by running something like this: $ print_backtrace_if_segfault buggy_program Segfault in main.c:35 (rest of the backtrace) I'd also rather not use strace or ltrace for that kind of information, as they'll print either way...

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  • How to make Linux to re-detect network interfaces?

    - by ablmf
    For some reason, ifcfg-eth* under /etc/sysconfig/network-script were deleted. Is there any tools that could detect network interfaces and re-generate these files? Another question : If I manually added ifcfg-eth0, is there any method to make it work without reboot? I tried "/etc/init.d/networking restart", and it doesn't work.

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  • How do I limit the users a specific user can run commands in linux?

    - by user8571
    I have 2 user accounts, foo and bar I want to allow user foo to execute commands as root and any other user ie: sudo su root -c'./run-my-script' sudo su bar -c'./another-script' sudo su another -c'./yet-another-script I also want to allow user bar to execute commands as other user but only a subset and not root ie: sudo su bar -c'./run-my-script' but not sudo su root -c'./run-my-script' Is this possible ?

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  • On linux, what does it mean when a directory has size 0 instead of 4096?

    - by kdt
    Here's a strange thing I haven't seen before -- a directory whose size is reported by ls as 0 instead of 4096, and I can't create any files within it. # ls -ld lib home drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 0 Feb 7 03:10 home <-- it has zero size dr-xr-xr-x. 11 root root 4096 Feb 4 09:28 lib # touch home/foo touch: cannot touch `home/foo': No such file or directory <-- and I can't create files in it # rm home rm: cannot remove `home': Is a directory <-- look, it really is a dir So what does it mean for a directory to have size 0 instead of 4096? Filesystem is ext4 on fedora core 14. The output of mount is: /dev/mapper/vg_dev-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0") /dev/vda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw) Output of du -s /home: 0 /home Output of stat /home: File: `/home' Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 1024 directory Device: 15h/21d Inode: 34913 Links: 2 Access: (0755/drwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root) Access: 2011-02-07 03:45:46.188995765 -0800 Modify: 2011-02-07 03:11:59.980995019 -0800 Change: 2011-02-06 07:58:45.874995002 -0800

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  • Is there a way to save and restore a set of tabs in a linux file manager?

    - by N Rahl
    For a frequent task, I need a file manager window open with about 8 tabs, each a different location. I'd like to be able to open the tabs once and then save them as a "tab set", so that in future sessions, I can simply open a file manager and restore the saved tab set, without having to open each tab manually. I'm running Mint 16 with Thunar, but could use a different file manager if needed. Is there a way to do this?

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  • Merely installing PHP5 causes my AWS Ubuntu server to die minutes later from a massive CPU spike

    - by Mark Amery
    I have an AWS server with Ubuntu 11.04 as the OS that is running an Apache2 webserver (incidentally Python-based and using Django). We recently needed to add support for php5 to let us use a third party PHP library (incidentally for serving minified versions of js and css files). However, for no reason any of us can discern, if we simply run sudo apt-get install php5 on the server, then the install appears to finish successfully but, without us taking any further action (including not yet running sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5, which I think would be the next step for us if everything worked), or actually running any PHP scripts on the server, a few minutes later the server becomes impossible to connect to, and looking at the 'Monitoring' tab for the server in the EC2 Management Console reveals that a while after the installation, CPU usage spikes to 100% and stays there permanently (until we reboot the server from the AWS Console). After rebooting, the server also reliably dies within a few (between 0 and 10) minutes. We restored the server to a pre-PHP state from an AMI Image, observed that it was stable, and then tried installing PHP5 again and observed the server die in exactly the same way, so we're pretty much certain that installing PHP5 is what causes the symptoms. What on earth could be causing this behaviour, and how can we get PHP installed on the server without it dying?

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  • On linux how can make a list of files that are owned by a particular owner and then fix the group and owner?

    - by Stuart Woodward
    I have a deep and complex file system where some files have been accidently written by root. I want to change the ownership of those files back to the original owner in one go. I am playing with commands like: find /folder -type f | xargs ls -l | grep "root root" but there is a lot of garbage coming out too. I want to make a list first and then change only the files in that list after confirmation.

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  • How to disable 3G USB Modem internal storage from being loaded by linux kernel?

    - by Krystian
    Hi, I've got a problem with my 3G modem [Huawei E122]. It has internal storage and kernel assigns a device [/dev/sdX] to it. Because of that, every second time my machine will not boot - kernel panic - as my usb hdd gets assigned /dev/sdb instead of /dev/sda. I cannot use LABEL nor UUID in root= kernel parameter, as it is only available when using initrd, and I can't use it - I am using Debian on my router - mips architecture machine. I have to prevent this from happening, as my router has to start everyday and I have to be sure it works ok. I don't have physical access to restart it when something goes wrong. I don't use my modem internal storage, there's no SD card inserted. However kernel detects the reader and loads it. I can not prevent loading od usb drivers since my hdd is on USB as well. I will appreciate any ideas.

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  • How to scan multiple pages from a book under Linux?

    - by rumtscho
    I want the process to look like: I choose the correct scan settings (dpi, color depth, etc) I lay the first page on the scanner and trigger the process The scanner scans the page and waits for me to position the next page correctly I confirm that the next page is ready for scanning Repeat the above two steps until I tell the scanner that there are no more pages to come The scanner saves everything into a single PDF. I tried both xsane and gscan2pdf. First problem: they want me to know how many pages will be scanned. This is already a nuisance, but I can do the counting if needed. The main problem is that in step 3, the scanner does not pause. It is probably optimised for being fed loose sheets. The next scan process is triggered automatically as soon as the CCD has returned to the start position. The time the scanner needs to return the CCD is very short and I can't turn the page and position the book properly. Is there a software which can do the scan process in the way I described above, or did I just miss a setting available in xsane or gscan2pdf to make the scanner pause? If it makes any difference, the scanner is an Epson Stylus SX620FW, I run it using the manufacturer-provided driver.

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  • Linux Software Raid runs checkarray on the First Sunday of the Month? Why?

    - by mgjk
    It looks like Debian has a default to run checkarray on the first Sunday of the month. This causes massive performance problems and heavy disk usage for 12 hours on my 2TB mirror. Doing this "just in case" is bizzare to me. Discovering data out of sync between the two disks without quorum would be a failure anyway. This massive checking could only tell me that I have an unrecoverable drive failure and corrupt data. Which is nice, but not all that helpful. Is it necessary? Given I have no disk errors and no reason to believe my disks have failed, why is this check necessary? Should I take it out of my cron? /etc/cron.d# tail -1 /etc/cron.d/mdadm 57 0 * * 0 root [ -x /usr/share/mdadm/checkarray ] && [ $(date +\%d) -le 7 ] && /usr/share/mdadm/checkarray --cron --all --quiet Thanks for any insight,

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  • How to disable monitor "sleep" on Ubuntu without access to X?

    - by exhuma
    I just received a CuBox (basically a tiny ARM based PC). It comes pre-installed with Ubuntu, and I did not (yet) want to fiddle with the OS itself. My aim is to have it automaticall start a browser in fullscrren upon boot. Using chromium with the "--kiosk" flag works perfectly in that regard. But now I have the problem that the screen turns off after a certain time. I managed to turn off the screen saver using: gconftool-2 -s /apps/gnome-screensaver/idle_activation_enabled --type=bool false And tried to turn off the power management using: gconftool-2 -s /apps/gnome-power-manager/ac_sleep_display --type=int 0 and gconftool-2 -s /apps/gnome-power-manager/timeout/sleep_display_ac --type=int 0 Neither of the power-management commands worked. Theoretically I could hook up a mouse and keyboard and configure it manually. But I want to learn how to do it over the console. The box will eventually be only reachable via SSH. So I'd like to be able to trouble-shoot it later. I don't quite know where to look for. I searched the gconf tree using gconftool-2 -S for anything related to the terms power, idle and sleep but did not find anything promising. Maybe it's not even gconf related... Any ideas what else I could look for?

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  • How Would I Restrict a Linux Binary to a Limited Amount of RAM?

    - by Ken S.
    I would like to be able to limit an installed binary to only be able to use up to a certain amount of RAM. I don't want it to get killed if it exceeds it, only that that would be the max amount that it could use. The problem I am facing is that I am running an Apache 2.2 server with PHP and some custom code that a developer is writing for us. The problem is that somewhere in there code they launch a PHP exec call that launches ImageMagick's 'convert' to create a resized image file. I'm not privy to a lot of details to the project or the code, but need to find a solution to keep them from killing the server until they can find a way to optimize the code. I had thought that I could do this with /etc/security/limits.conf and setting a limit on the apache user, but it seems to have no effect. This is what I used: www-data hard as 500 If I understand it correctly, this should have limited any apache user process to a maximum to 500kb, however, when I ran a test script that would chew up a lot of RAM, this actually got up to 1.5GB before I killed it. Here is the output of 'ps auxf' after the setting change and a system reboot: USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 5268 0.0 0.0 401072 10264 ? Ss 15:28 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 5274 0.0 0.0 402468 9484 ? S 15:28 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 5285 102 9.4 1633500 1503452 ? Rl 15:29 0:58 | \_ /usr/bin/convert ../tours/28786/.…. www-data 5275 0.0 0.0 401072 5812 ? S 15:28 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start Next I thought I could do it with Apache's RlimitMEM setting, but get the same result of it not getting limited. Here is what I have in my apache.conf file: RLimitMEM 500000 512000 It wasn't until many hours later that I figured out that if the process actually reached that amount that it would die with an OOM error. Would love any ideas on how to set this limit so other things could function on the server, and all of them could play together nicely.

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  • Is this a good starting point for iptables in Linux?

    - by sbrattla
    Hi, I'm new to iptables, and i've been trying to put together a firewall which purpose is to protect a web server. The below rules are the ones i've put together so far, and i would like to hear if the rules makes sense - and wether i've left out anything essential? In addition to port 80, i also need to have port 3306 (mysql) and 22 (ssh) open for external connections. Any feedback is highly appreciated! #!/bin/sh # Clear all existing rules. iptables -F # ACCEPT connections for loopback network connection, 127.0.0.1. iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # ALLOW established traffic iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # DROP packets that are NEW but does not have the SYN but set. iptables -A INPUT -p tcp ! --syn -m state --state NEW -j DROP # DROP fragmented packets, as there is no way to tell the source and destination ports of such a packet. iptables -A INPUT -f -j DROP # DROP packets with all tcp flags set (XMAS packets). iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL ALL -j DROP # DROP packets with no tcp flags set (NULL packets). iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL NONE -j DROP # ALLOW ssh traffic (and prevent against DoS attacks) iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport ssh -m limit --limit 1/s -j ACCEPT # ALLOW http traffic (and prevent against DoS attacks) iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport http -m limit --limit 5/s -j ACCEPT # ALLOW mysql traffic (and prevent against DoS attacks) iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport mysql -m limit --limit 25/s -j ACCEPT # DROP any other traffic. iptables -A INPUT -j DROP

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  • What's a good solution for file-tagging in linux?

    - by julien
    I've been looking for a way to tag my files and search/filter them based on those tags. Here are my (updated) requirements : any file readable by the user can be tagged freely a user can search for files matching one or several tags files can be moved around without losing the previously associated tags the system could be backed up easily no dependencies on any desktop environment if any gui is involved, there must be a cli fallback I've been hoping for some basic filesystem & coreutils hackery to handle this, but I haven' thought about this hard enough yet. Meanwhile I'll review beagle and metatracker, which have been mentionned here, and see how they perform. Ok so beagle has huge gnome dependencies, and tracker is okish, but still has some dependencies I don't like... Been doing some more research, and the way to go could very well be extended file attributes. That's a native solution for most recent filesystems, but they aren't very well supported yet (most coreutils destroys them by default, cp for example needs the -a flag to preserve them). Would like to hear some thoughts on using them while I try my hand at some hacks myself, eventhough this might warrant a new question.

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  • Linux script that indicates time the server was offline?

    - by RD
    Below is data taken from my dedicated server: root@namhost [~]# last root pts/0 XXX Tue May 18 09:46 still logged in root pts/0 XXX Mon May 17 08:51 - 12:18 (03:26) reboot system boot XXX Mon May 17 08:49 (1+00:59) root pts/0 XXX Sun May 16 11:50 - 13:15 (01:25) root@namhost [~]# last | grep "system boot" reboot system boot 2.6.18-164.15.1. Mon May 17 08:49 (1+01:02) reboot system boot 2.6.18-164.el5 Tue May 11 04:20 (7+05:31) reboot system boot 2.6.18-164.el5 Tue May 11 03:53 (7+05:58) reboot system boot 2.6.18-128.el5 Mon Oct 5 22:40 (-3:-50) .... I need a script that I can run on an hourly basis that will: 1. Calculate the total downtime since the first date 2. The overall downtime percentage 3. Store this data in a file at /home/bla/file.txt, in the following format: TotalDowntime=03:02:02 Average=0.01% How do I go about doing this?

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  • How to do grap data between two file in Linux?

    - by user28167
    I have two .rtf file.... The first one have this content: Apple, Orange, Banana, Noodle, Chip The Second File is something like this: Apple I love eat Apple. Banana I hate Banana. Zoo I want to go Zoo. Noodle Noodle can be a very very very very very very very very very very very long, but still is one line. Chip Don't eat so many chip. Orange Orange is great, not Apple plx. Noodle Water Drinking water is boring. The first file is a "key" of second file. In the second file, the first word is the key of each line. Each key and sentence in second file ONLY have one line. The Second File have many lines with key, but not all the key is shown on file1, but file1's key MUST in the second file. How can I get the result like this: (Need to sort by the key from File1) Apple, Apple I love eat Apple. Orange, Orange is great, not Apple plx. Banana, I hate Banana. Noodle, can be a very very very very very very very very very very very long, but still is one sentence. Chip, Don't eat so many chip.

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  • how is the the linux console displayed to the user and how does the user go about changing the conso

    - by Chris
    I've been searching for the last two day on trying to understand how the console displays itself to the user and how to change the console settings. I've had some luck along the way but nothing that I've found has giving me a real clear explanation of how the console is displayed or how to change or control it's display settings. Some examples that of what I'm looking for are as follows: How is the console displayed on the screen? I know with X11 it uses your graphics card driver to display graphics to the screen, but how is the consoles text mode handled? Could some one ether explain this to me or point me to an in-depth overview of it all? Is it possible to have multi-head support in console mode with separate tty's on each screen? If so how would I go about setting this up? How would you go about changing the size of the console display from the default 80x25 to a custom size? I'm testing anything I find on a debian testing build, which is just the minimal base install on a virtual box. In time I will be using this information to setup my main system which is multi-head with 3 monitors. I would like to be able to support all three displays in console mode if possible.

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