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• Fed Authentication Methods in OIF / IdP

  - by Damien Carru

  This article is a continuation of my previous entry where I explained how OIF/IdP leverages OAM to authenticate users at runtime: OIF/IdP internally forwards the user to OAM and indicates which Authentication Scheme should be used to challenge the user if needed OAM determine if the user should be challenged (user already authenticated, session timed out or not, session authentication level equal or higher than the level of the authentication scheme specified by OIF/IdP…) After identifying the user, OAM internally forwards the user back to OIF/IdP OIF/IdP can resume its operation In this article, I will discuss how OIF/IdP can be configured to map Federation Authentication Methods to OAM Authentication Schemes: When processing an Authn Request, where the SP requests a specific Federation Authentication Method with which the user should be challenged When sending an Assertion, where OIF/IdP sets the Federation Authentication Method in the Assertion Enjoy the reading! Overview The various Federation protocols support mechanisms allowing the partners to exchange information on: How the user should be challenged, when the SP/RP makes a request How the user was challenged, when the IdP/OP issues an SSO response When a remote SP partner redirects the user to OIF/IdP for Federation SSO, the message might contain data requesting how the user should be challenged by the IdP: this is treated as the Requested Federation Authentication Method. OIF/IdP will need to map that Requested Federation Authentication Method to a local Authentication Scheme, and then invoke OAM for user authentication/challenge with the mapped Authentication Scheme. OAM would authenticate the user if necessary with the scheme specified by OIF/IdP. Similarly, when an IdP issues an SSO response, most of the time it will need to include an identifier representing how the user was challenged: this is treated as the Federation Authentication Method. When OIF/IdP issues an Assertion, it will evaluate the Authentication Scheme with which OAM identified the user: If the Authentication Scheme can be mapped to a Federation Authentication Method, then OIF/IdP will use the result of that mapping in the outgoing SSO response: AuthenticationStatement in the SAML Assertion OpenID Response, if PAPE is enabled If the Authentication Scheme cannot be mapped, then OIF/IdP will set the Federation Authentication Method as the Authentication Scheme name in the outgoing SSO response: AuthenticationStatement in the SAML Assertion OpenID Response, if PAPE is enabled Mappings In OIF/IdP, the mapping between Federation Authentication Methods and Authentication Schemes has the following rules: One Federation Authentication Method can be mapped to several Authentication Schemes In a Federation Authentication Method <-> Authentication Schemes mapping, a single Authentication Scheme is marked as the default scheme that will be used to authenticate a user, if the SP/RP partner requests the user to be authenticated via a specific Federation Authentication Method An Authentication Scheme can be mapped to a single Federation Authentication Method Let’s examine the following example and the various use cases, based on the SAML 2.0 protocol: Mappings defined as: urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport mapped to LDAPScheme, marked as the default scheme used for authentication BasicScheme urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:X509 mapped to X509Scheme, marked as the default scheme used for authentication Use cases: SP sends an AuthnRequest specifying urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:X509 as the RequestedAuthnContext: OIF/IdP will authenticate the use with X509Scheme since it is the default scheme mapped for that method. SP sends an AuthnRequest specifying urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport as the RequestedAuthnContext: OIF/IdP will authenticate the use with LDAPScheme since it is the default scheme mapped for that method, not the BasicScheme SP did not request any specific methods, and user was authenticated with BasisScheme: OIF/IdP will issue an Assertion with urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport as the FederationAuthenticationMethod SP did not request any specific methods, and user was authenticated with LDAPScheme: OIF/IdP will issue an Assertion with urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport as the FederationAuthenticationMethod SP did not request any specific methods, and user was authenticated with BasisSessionlessScheme: OIF/IdP will issue an Assertion with BasisSessionlessScheme as the FederationAuthenticationMethod, since that scheme could not be mapped to any Federation Authentication Method (in this case, the administrator would need to correct that and create a mapping) Configuration Mapping Federation Authentication Methods to OAM Authentication Schemes is protocol dependent, since the methods are defined in the various protocols (SAML 2.0, SAML 1.1, OpenID 2.0). As such, the WLST commands to set those mappings will involve: Either the SP Partner Profile and affect all Partners referencing that profile, which do not override the Federation Authentication Method to OAM Authentication Scheme mappings Or the SP Partner entry, which will only affect the SP Partner It is important to note that if an SP Partner is configured to define one or more Federation Authentication Method to OAM Authentication Scheme mappings, then all the mappings defined in the SP Partner Profile will be ignored. Authentication Schemes As discussed in the previous article, during Federation SSO, OIF/IdP will internally forward the user to OAM for authentication/verification and specify which Authentication Scheme to use. OAM will determine if a user needs to be challenged: If the user is not authenticated yet If the user is authenticated but the session timed out If the user is authenticated, but the authentication scheme level of the original authentication is lower than the level of the authentication scheme requested by OIF/IdP So even though an SP requests a specific Federation Authentication Method to be used to challenge the user, if that method is mapped to an Authentication Scheme and that at runtime OAM deems that the user does not need to be challenged with that scheme (because the user is already authenticated, session did not time out, and the session authn level is equal or higher than the one for the specified Authentication Scheme), the flow won’t result in a challenge operation. Protocols SAML 2.0 The SAML 2.0 specifications define the following Federation Authentication Methods for SAML 2.0 flows: urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:unspecified urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:InternetProtocol urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Telephony urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:MobileOneFactorUnregistered urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PersonalTelephony urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PreviousSession urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:MobileOneFactorContract urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Smartcard urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Password urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:InternetProtocolPassword urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:X509 urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:TLSClient urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PGP urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:SPKI urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:XMLDSig urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:SoftwarePKI urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Kerberos urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:SecureRemotePassword urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:NomadTelephony urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:AuthenticatedTelephony urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:MobileTwoFactorUnregistered urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:MobileTwoFactorContract urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:SmartcardPKI urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:TimeSyncToken Out of the box, OIF/IdP has the following mappings for the SAML 2.0 protocol: Only urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport is defined This Federation Authentication Method is mapped to: LDAPScheme, marked as the default scheme used for authentication FAAuthScheme BasicScheme BasicFAScheme This mapping is defined in the saml20-sp-partner-profile SP Partner Profile which is the default OOTB SP Partner Profile for SAML 2.0 An example of an AuthnRequest message sent by an SP to an IdP with the SP requesting a specific Federation Authentication Method to be used to challenge the user would be: <samlp:AuthnRequest xmlns:samlp="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:protocol" Destination="https://idp.com/oamfed/idp/samlv20" ID="id-8bWn-A9o4aoMl3Nhx1DuPOOjawc-" IssueInstant="2014-03-21T20:51:11Z" Version="2.0">  <saml:Issuer ...>https://acme.com/sp</saml:Issuer>  <samlp:NameIDPolicy AllowCreate="false" Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:unspecified"/>  <samlp:RequestedAuthnContext Comparison="minimum">    <saml:AuthnContextClassRef xmlns:saml="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion">      urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport </saml:AuthnContextClassRef>  </samlp:RequestedAuthnContext></samlp:AuthnRequest> An example of an Assertion issued by an IdP would be: <samlp:Response ...>    <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer>    <samlp:Status>        <samlp:StatusCode Value="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:Success"/>    </samlp:Status>    <saml:Assertion ...>        <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer>        <dsig:Signature>            ...        </dsig:Signature>        <saml:Subject>            <saml:NameID ...>[email protected]</saml:NameID>            <saml:SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer">                <saml:SubjectConfirmationData .../>            </saml:SubjectConfirmation>        </saml:Subject>        <saml:Conditions ...>            <saml:AudienceRestriction>                <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp</saml:Audience>            </saml:AudienceRestriction>        </saml:Conditions>        <saml:AuthnStatement AuthnInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" SessionIndex="id-6i-Dm0yB-HekG6cejktwcKIFMzYE8Yrmqwfd0azz" SessionNotOnOrAfter="2014-03-21T21:53:55Z">            <saml:AuthnContext>                <saml:AuthnContextClassRef>                    urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport                </saml:AuthnContextClassRef>            </saml:AuthnContext>        </saml:AuthnStatement>    </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> An administrator would be able to specify a mapping between a SAML 2.0 Federation Authentication Method and one or more OAM Authentication Schemes SAML 1.1 The SAML 1.1 specifications define the following Federation Authentication Methods for SAML 1.1 flows: urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:unspecified urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:HardwareToken urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:X509-PKI urn:ietf:rfc:2246 urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:PGP urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:SPKI urn:ietf:rfc:3075 urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:XKMS urn:ietf:rfc:1510 urn:ietf:rfc:2945 Out of the box, OIF/IdP has the following mappings for the SAML 1.1 protocol: Only urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password is defined This Federation Authentication Method is mapped to: LDAPScheme, marked as the default scheme used for authentication FAAuthScheme BasicScheme BasicFAScheme This mapping is defined in the saml11-sp-partner-profile SP Partner Profile which is the default OOTB SP Partner Profile for SAML 1.1 An example of an Assertion issued by an IdP would be: <samlp:Response ...>    <samlp:Status>        <samlp:StatusCode Value="samlp:Success"/>    </samlp:Status>    <saml:Assertion Issuer="https://idp.com/oam/fed" ...>        <saml:Conditions ...>            <saml:AudienceRestriction>                <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp/ssov11</saml:Audience>            </saml:AudienceRestriction>        </saml:Conditions>        <saml:AuthnStatement AuthenticationInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" AuthenticationMethod="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password">            <saml:Subject>                <saml:NameID ...>[email protected]</saml:NameID>                <saml:SubjectConfirmation>                   <saml:ConfirmationMethod>                       urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:cm:bearer                   </saml:ConfirmationMethod>                </saml:SubjectConfirmation>            </saml:Subject>        </saml:AuthnStatement>        <dsig:Signature>            ...        </dsig:Signature>    </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> Note: SAML 1.1 does not define an AuthnRequest message. An administrator would be able to specify a mapping between a SAML 1.1 Federation Authentication Method and one or more OAM Authentication Schemes OpenID 2.0 The OpenID 2.0 PAPE specifications define the following Federation Authentication Methods for OpenID 2.0 flows: http://schemas.openid.net/pape/policies/2007/06/phishing-resistant http://schemas.openid.net/pape/policies/2007/06/multi-factor http://schemas.openid.net/pape/policies/2007/06/multi-factor-physical Out of the box, OIF/IdP does not define any mappings for the OpenID 2.0 Federation Authentication Methods. For OpenID 2.0, the configuration will involve mapping a list of OpenID 2.0 policies to a list of Authentication Schemes. An example of an OpenID 2.0 Request message sent by an SP/RP to an IdP/OP would be: https://idp.com/openid?openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&openid.mode=checkid_setup&openid.claimed_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.identity=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.assoc_handle=id-6a5S6zhAKaRwQNUnjTKROREdAGSjWodG1el4xyz3&openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Facme.com%2Fopenid%3Frefid%3Did-9PKVXZmRxAeDYcgLqPm36ClzOMA-&openid.realm=https%3A%2F%2Facme.com%2Fopenid&openid.ns.ax=http%3A%2F%2Fopenid.net%2Fsrv%2Fax%2F1.0&openid.ax.mode=fetch_request&openid.ax.type.attr0=http%3A%2F%2Faxschema.org%2Fcontact%2Femail&openid.ax.if_available=attr0&openid.ns.pape=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fextensions%2Fpape%2F1.0&openid.pape.max_auth_age=0 An example of an Open ID 2.0 SSO Response issued by an IdP/OP would be: https://acme.com/openid?refid=id-9PKVXZmRxAeDYcgLqPm36ClzOMA-&openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&openid.mode=id_res&openid.op_endpoint=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.com%2Fopenid&openid.claimed_id=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.com%2Fopenid%3Fid%3Did-38iCmmlAVEXPsFjnFVKArfn5RIiF75D5doorhEgqqPM%3D&openid.identity=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.com%2Fopenid%3Fid%3Did-38iCmmlAVEXPsFjnFVKArfn5RIiF75D5doorhEgqqPM%3D&openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Facme.com%2Fopenid%3Frefid%3Did-9PKVXZmRxAeDYcgLqPm36ClzOMA-&openid.response_nonce=2014-03-24T19%3A20%3A06Zid-YPa2kTNNFftZkgBb460jxJGblk2g--iNwPpDI7M1&openid.assoc_handle=id-6a5S6zhAKaRwQNUnjTKROREdAGSjWodG1el4xyz3&openid.ns.ax=http%3A%2F%2Fopenid.net%2Fsrv%2Fax%2F1.0&openid.ax.mode=fetch_response&openid.ax.type.attr0=http%3A%2F%2Fsession%2Fcount&openid.ax.value.attr0=1&openid.ax.type.attr1=http%3A%2F%2Fopenid.net%2Fschema%2FnamePerson%2Ffriendly&openid.ax.value.attr1=My+name+is+Bobby+Smith&openid.ax.type.attr2=http%3A%2F%2Fschemas.openid.net%2Fax%2Fapi%2Fuser_id&openid.ax.value.attr2=bob&openid.ax.type.attr3=http%3A%2F%2Faxschema.org%2Fcontact%2Femail&openid.ax.value.attr3=bob%40oracle.com&openid.ax.type.attr4=http%3A%2F%2Fsession%2Fipaddress&openid.ax.value.attr4=10.145.120.253&openid.ns.pape=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fextensions%2Fpape%2F1.0&openid.pape.auth_time=2014-03-24T19%3A20%3A05Z&openid.pape.auth_policies=http%3A%2F%2Fschemas.openid.net%2Fpape%2Fpolicies%2F2007%2F06%2Fphishing-resistant&openid.signed=op_endpoint%2Cclaimed_id%2Cidentity%2Creturn_to%2Cresponse_nonce%2Cassoc_handle%2Cns.ax%2Cax.mode%2Cax.type.attr0%2Cax.value.attr0%2Cax.type.attr1%2Cax.value.attr1%2Cax.type.attr2%2Cax.value.attr2%2Cax.type.attr3%2Cax.value.attr3%2Cax.type.attr4%2Cax.value.attr4%2Cns.pape%2Cpape.auth_time%2Cpape.auth_policies&openid.sig=mYMgbGYSs22l8e%2FDom9NRPw15u8%3D In the next article, I will provide examples on how to configure OIF/IdP for the various protocols, to map OAM Authentication Schemes to Federation Authentication Methods.Cheers,Damien Carru

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• Difference between Singleton implemention using pointer and using static object

  - by Anon

  EDIT: Sorry my question was not clear, why do books/articles prefer implementation#1 over implementation#2? What is the actual advantage of using pointer in implementation of Singleton class vs using a static object? Why do most books prefer this class Singleton { private: static Singleton *p_inst; Singleton(); public: static Singleton * instance() { if (!p_inst) { p_inst = new Singleton(); } return p_inst; } }; over this class Singleton { public: static Singleton& Instance() { static Singleton inst; return inst; } protected: Singleton(); // Prevent construction Singleton(const Singleton&); // Prevent construction by copying Singleton& operator=(const Singleton&); // Prevent assignment ~Singleton(); // Prevent unwanted destruction };

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• Intellij + GWT 2: Development Mode ignores changes to static content

  - by Kaffeine Coma

  The new Development Mode in GWT 2 is awesome, but unfortunately as launched from Intellij IDEA 9, it does not seem to notice changes made to static files such as html, css, etc. It immediately see changes in *.java files, but not the static ones. If I make a change in a static file I need to quite the Development Mode tool and re-launch it. This is painfully slow, and negates much of the point of using dev mode in the first place I assume this is some artifact resulting from the way the Intellij runner launches it- it creates an out/artifacts/project_war_exploded directory with the static content and class files. How can I get Intellij Dev Mode tool to follow changes made to the original static source files?

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• Boost C++ Singleton error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "private: static long Nsp::HL::flag" (

  - by Soós Roland

  I try to create a multi-threaded singleton pattern class. Header: class HL{ public: static HL* getInstance(); ......... private: static HL* instance; static boost::once_flag flag; HL(); static void initOnce(); } CPP: HL* HL::instance = NULL; HL* HL::getInstance(){ if(instance == NULL){ boost::call_once(flag, initOnce); } return instance; } void HL::initOnce(){ instance = new HL(); } I get this error: error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "private: static long Nsp::HL::flag" (?flag@HL@Nsp@@0JA) What's wrong?

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• Webfaction: How do I run a Static/Perl app and Django app under the same website

  - by swisstony

  I have an existing Perl app that I'm moving to a Webfaction website. I will be adding Django apps to this Webfaction website too. I would like the Django app to get first call and so would want its URL path to be / This would allow me to add any new URLs to the urls.py I wish as my app grows. If the URL doesn't match anything in the urls.py I would like it to get passed to the static Perl app. For example /app1 - Django /app2 - Django Everything else not picked up by urls.py I would want going to my Perl app For example: /index.html - Static/Perl app /about.html - Static/Perl app /contact.html - Static/Perl app /apps/perlapp1.cgi - Static/Perl app etc How do I go about achieving this in Webfaction?

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• How to Initialise a static Map in Java

  - by fahdshariff

  How would you initialise a static Map in Java? Method one: Static initialiser Method two: instance initialiser (anonymous subclass) or some other method? What are the pros and cons of each? Here is an example illustrating two methods: import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; public class Test { private static final Map<Integer, String> myMap = new HashMap<Integer, String>(); static { myMap.put(1, "one"); myMap.put(2, "two"); } private static final Map<Integer, String> myMap2 = new HashMap<Integer, String>(){ { put(1, "one"); put(2, "two"); } }; }

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• strange behaviour of static method

  - by Cristian Boariu

  Hi, I load a js variable like this: var message = '<%= CAnunturi.CPLATA_RAMBURS_INFO %>'; where the static string CPLATA_RAMBURS_INFO i put like: public static string CPLATA_RAMBURS_INFO = "test"; I use it very well in this method. <script type="text/javascript"> var categoryParam = '<%= CQueryStringParameters.CATEGORY %>'; var subcategoryParam = '<%= CQueryStringParameters.SUBCATEGORY1_ID %>'; var message = '<%= CAnunturi.CPLATA_RAMBURS_INFO %>'; function timedInfo(header) { $.jGrowl(message, { header: header }); }; </script> so the message appears. I do not undersand, why, iso of "test", if i take the value from a static method, ths use of message js var is no longer succesfull (the message no longer appears). public static string CPLATA_RAMBURS_INFO = getRambursInfo(); public static string getRambursInfo() { return System.IO.File.ReadAllText(PathsUtil.getRambursPlataFilePath()); } Any help would be highly appreciated....

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• Class.Class vs Namespace.Class for top level general use class libraries?

  - by Joan Venge

  Which one is more acceptable (best-practice)?: namespace NP public static class IO public static class Xml ... // extension methods using NP; IO.GetAvailableResources (); vs public static class NP public static class IO public static class Xml ... // extension methods NP.IO.GetAvailableResources (); Also for #2, the code size is managed by having partial classes so each nested class can be in a separate file, same for extension methods (except that there is no nested class for them) I prefer #2, for a couple of reasons like being able to use type names that are already commonly used, like IO, that I don't want to replace or collide. Which one do you prefer? Any pros and cons for each? What's the best practice for this case? EDIT: Also would there be a performance difference between the two?

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• If I can't use datacontext in a static

  - by Richard77

  Hello, I've got this public static class MyClassHelper { DataContex db = new DataContext(); public static Type MyMethod() { //Do Something with db // such as db.myTable } } I'm getting the following error: "An object reference is required for the non-static field, method or property..." Is there anyway to get around this? How about this. I've an object that contains only integers, which is fine for all the internal functionings as it allows me to link tables. But occasionaly, I need to display some information to the user. That's why, I'd like to create a static method so it would read the integer, look up in the DB, and display a name instead of a number. I want it to be a static method so that I can use it in my View template. Thanks for helping

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• Generate POCO classes in different project to the project with Entity Framework model

  - by Max

  I'm trying to use the Repository Pattern with EF4 using VS2010. To this end I am using POCO code generation by right clicking on the entity model designer and clicking Add code generation item. I then select the POCO template and get my classes. What I would like to be able to do is have my solution structured into separate projects for Entity (POCO) classes and another project for the entity model and repository code. This means that my MVC project could use the POCO classes for strongly typed views etc and not have to know about the repository or have to have a reference to it. To plug it all together I will have another separate project with interfaces and use IoC. Sounds good in my head I just don't know how to generate the classes into their own project! I can copy them and then change the namespaces on them but I wanted to avoid manual work whenever I change the schema in the db and want to update my model. Thanks

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• Strategy pattern and "action" classes explosion

  - by devoured elysium

  Is it bad policy to have lots of "work" classes(such as Strategy classes), that only do one thing? Let's assume I want to make a Monster class. Instead of just defining everything I want about the monster in one class, I will try to identify what are its main features, so I can define them in interfaces. That will allow to: Seal the class if I want. Later, other users can just create a new class and still have polymorphism by means of the interfaces I've defined. I don't have to worry how people (or myself) might want to change/add features to the base class in the future. All classes inherit from Object and they implement inheritance through interfaces, not from mother classes. Reuse the strategies I'm using with this monster for other members of my game world. Con: This model is rigid. Sometimes we would like to define something that is not easily achieved by just trying to put together this "building blocks". public class AlienMonster : IWalk, IRun, ISwim, IGrowl { IWalkStrategy _walkStrategy; IRunStrategy _runStrategy; ISwimStrategy _swimStrategy; IGrowlStrategy _growlStrategy; public Monster() { _walkStrategy = new FourFootWalkStrategy(); ...etc } public void Walk() { _walkStrategy.Walk(); } ...etc } My idea would be next to make a series of different Strategies that could be used by different monsters. On the other side, some of them could also be used for totally different purposes (i.e., I could have a tank that also "swims"). The only problem I see with this approach is that it could lead to a explosion of pure "method" classes, i.e., Strategy classes that have as only purpose make this or that other action. In the other hand, this kind of "modularity" would allow for high reuse of stratagies, sometimes even in totally different contexts. What is your opinion on this matter? Is this a valid reasoning? Is this over-engineering? Also, assuming we'd make the proper adjustments to the example I gave above, would it be better to define IWalk as: interface IWalk { void Walk(); } or interface IWalk { IWalkStrategy WalkStrategy { get; set; } //or something that ressembles this } being that doing this I wouldn't need to define the methods on Monster itself, I'd just have public getters for IWalkStrategy (this seems to go against the idea that you should encapsulate everything as much as you can!) Why? Thanks

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• Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'Exception' in PHPExcel classes

  - by Chakrapani

  Can any one please let me know, why this following error has been thrown from PHPExcel classes Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'Exception' with message 'Could not close zip file /var/www/mydomain/myexcel.xlsx.' in /var/www/mydomain/Classes/PHPExcel/Writer /Excel2007.php:400 Stack trace: #0 /var/www/mydomain/myexcel.php(173): PHPExcel_Writer_Excel2007->save('/var/www/mydomain...') #1 {main} thrown in /var/www/mydomain/Classes/PHPExcel/Writer/Excel2007.php on line 400

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• CSLA.net - Inheritable Base classes

  - by JMSA

  I was reading the book "Expert C# 2005 Business Objects". The book describes various base classes to be inherited by various classes to solve real-world problems. But the book does not provide examples of all those classes. Can anyone give me all of those examples (with reason) to better understand CSLA? For example, Which real-world objects are to be considered as Read-only Root Objects (Student/Product/Order, etc.)? And Why?

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• Using Propel ORM in my own custom classes

  - by Stick it to THE MAN

  I am refactoring a few classes I wrote a while ago, into my Symfony project (v1.3.2 with Propel ORM). The classes originally used direct connections to the database, I want to refactor those classes (stored in $(SF_LIB_DIR)) so that I can call propel and also use the ORM objects. To clarify, So for example, I want to be able to use code like this in my custom classes: try { $con = Propel::getConnection(); $c = new Criteria(); $foo = new PropelORMFooObject(); $foobar = PropelORMFooBarObjectPeer::fetch($c); //set fields etc $foo->setFooBar($foobar); // now save using obtained connection .. $foo->save($con) }catch(SomeException $e) { //deal with it } I assume that I will need to add some require_once() statements to my custom libraries, but it is not clear which files to include. Does anyone know how to do this?

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• C# Static constructors design problem - need to specify parameter

  - by Neil Dobson

  I have a re-occurring design problem with certain classes which require one-off initialization with a parameter such as the name of an external resource such as a config file. For example, I have a corelib project which provides application-wide logging, configuration and general helper methods. This object could use a static constructor to initialize itself but it need access to a config file which it can't find itself. I can see a couple of solutions, but both of these don't seem quite right: 1) Use a constructor with a parameter. But then each object which requires corelib functionality should also know the name of the config file, so this has to be passed around the application. Also if I implemented corelib as a singleton I would also have to pass the config file as a parameter to the GetInstance method, which I believe is also not right. 2) Create a static property or method to pass through the config file or other external parameter. I have sort of used the latter method and created a Load method which initializes an inner class which it passes through the config file in the constructor. Then this inner class is exposed through a public property MyCoreLib. public static class CoreLib { private static MyCoreLib myCoreLib; public static void Load(string configFile) { myCoreLib = new MyCoreLib(configFile); } public static MyCoreLib MyCoreLib { get { return myCoreLib; } } public class MyCoreLib { private string configFile; public MyCoreLib(string configFile) { this.configFile = configFile; } public void DoSomething() { } } } I'm still not happy though. The inner class is not initialized until you call the load method, so that needs to be considered anywhere the MyCoreLib is accessed. Also there is nothing to stop someone calling the load method again. Any other patterns or ideas how to accomplish this?

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• Properties in partial class not appearing in Data Sources window!

  - by Tim Murphy

  Entity Framework has created the required partial classes. I can add these partial classes to the Data Sources window and the properties display as expected. However, if I extend any of the classes in a separate source file these properties do not appear in the Data Sources window even after a build and refresh. All properties in partial classes across source files work as expected in the Data Sources window except when the partial class has been created with EF. EDIT: After removing the offending table for edm designer, adding back in it all works are expected. Hardly a long term solution. Anyone else come across a similar problem?

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• Using NginX and Apache alongside for both static and dynamic files

  - by faridv

  Background: I've searched a lot and found these useful threads about using of Apache or NginX for static or dynamic files. But they are old (mostly about 1 or 2 years ago) and I think both webservers, specifically Nginx has had important changes in performance and usage. So I think take another look on these issue cannot be that bad. Nginx (for static files) and Apache (for dynamic content)? nginx better than apache for dynamic content? [closed] Apache or NGINX for PHP? Nginx as reverse proxy to Apache with only dynamic content? My question: I have a PHP web application with lots of dynamic files and lots of static contents (videos, images etc.) and it's currently running on a CentOS 6 server and Apache 2.2 since 2 months ago. In past few days, number of our site visitors have gained so fast and I just thought if this number continues to increase with current ratio, we need to change many things (web server, application, etc.) to prevent failures. Because of hardware limitations that we are facing, I thought that it's best for us to start with web server. Should I start with something else? Should I try to increase performance of my PHP application and forget about web server for now? (even if gonna take a long time!) Because of huge usage of .htaccess files (for redirection, rewrites, etc.), I think it's gonna be painful to migrate to NginX as default web server or maybe only for dynamic files. Does this mean that I can't even use Nginx as reverse proxy? I'm not sure latest stable version of NginX and PHP-FPM have a better performance over my current Apache and my limitations (too many things) won't let me to give it a try. Which one is doing better currently? What will I lose by migrating to Nginx? To make it short, what should I do?

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• Mac OS X Client With Static DHCP Assignment Requests Wrong IP via Option 50

  - by Starchy

  I have a number of Mac (and a few Linux) laptops getting DHCP from a Force10 layer 3 switch, the only DHCP server on the subnet. There's a global dynamic pool, and for each full-time employee's laptop I have a single IP static pool set by MAC address. One and only one of the clients, running OS X 10.7.5, consistently fails to get a static assignment. The MAC address in the static pool definition has been carefully re-checked. Running tcpdump on a mirrored port when the laptop connects, I see that it is specifically requesting 10.100.0.252 (a dynamic address): 11:32:10.108280 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 255, id 28293, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328) 0.0.0.0.bootpc > broadcasthost.bootps: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 3c:07:54:xx:xx:xx (oui Unknown), length 300, xid 0x1399da89, Flags [none] (0x0000) Client-Ethernet-Address 3c:07:54:xx:xx:xx (oui Unknown) Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions Magic Cookie 0x63825363 DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Request Parameter-Request Option 55, length 9: Subnet-Mask, Default-Gateway, Domain-Name-Server, Domain-Name Option 119, LDAP, Option 252, Netbios-Name-Server Netbios-Node MSZ Option 57, length 2: 1500 Client-ID Option 61, length 7: ether 3c:07:54:xx:xx:xx Requested-IP Option 50, length 4: 10.100.0.252 Lease-Time Option 51, length 4: 7776000 Hostname Option 12, length 10: "host-name" END Option 255, length 0 PAD Option 0, length 0, occurs 8 I haven't been able to find any extra system prefs or unusual software on the laptop. Disabling the interface and rebooting or temporarily setting the IP manually both fail to make any difference. Any suggestions appreciated.

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• Unit Testing Codeigniter Classes with fooStack - clashes

  - by DrPep

  I'm having 'fun' testing interactions in a CodeIgniter based web app. It seems when running the entire test suite "phpunit AllTests.php" it loads all of the test classes, their targets (Systems under Test) and creates a PHPUnit_Framework_TestSuite instance which presumably iterates over the classes which extend CIUnit_TestCase and runs them. The problem comes where you have multiple classes referencing another class (such as a library). As all the classes are loaded into the same process space, PHP reports "cannot redefine class xyz". Have I missed something here or doing something haenously wrong? In my test class i'm doing something like: include_once dirname(__FILE__).'/../CIUnit.php'; include_once dirname(__FILE__).'/../../libraries/ProductsService.php'; class testProductsService extends CIUnit_TestCase { public function testGetProducts_ReturnsArrayOfProducts(){ $service = new ProductsService(); $products = $service->getProducts(); $this->assertTrue(is_array($products)); } } The problem manifests as I have a controller which does: $this->load->library('ProductsService');

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• Python: Define Classes in Packages

  - by rfkrocktk

  I'm learning Python and I have been playing around with packages. I wanted to know the best way to define classes in packages. It seems that the only way to define classes in a package is to define them in init.py of that package. Coming from Java, I'd kind of like to define individual files for my classes. Is this a recommended practice? I'd like to have my directory look somewhat like this: recursor/ __init__.py RecursionException.py RecursionResult.py Recursor.py So I could refer to my classes as "recursor.Recursor," "recursor.RecursionException," and "recursor.RecursionResult.py". Is this "do-able" or recommended in Python?

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• How to exclude classes exported for actionscript in AsDoc

  - by Bartvbl

  I am trying to use AsDoc on the code of one of my projects in flash. Some of the classes that I use inside the code are "exported for actionscript" classes from my FLA file. Of course the AsDoc compiler complains that those classes are not defined anywhere. Does anyone know how to make it ignore these class types?

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• C# dictionary uniqueness for sibling classes using IEquatable<T>

  - by anthony

  I would like to store insances of two classes in a dictionary structure and use IEquatable to determine uniqueness of these instances. Both of these classes share an (abstract) base class. Consider the following classes: abstract class Foo { ... } class SubFoo1 : Foo { ... } class SubFoo2 : Foo { ... } The dictionary will be delcared: Dictionary<Foo, Bar> Which classes should be declared as IEquatable? And what should the generic type T be for those declarations? Is this even possible?

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• Using Mate's RemoteObjectInvoker with C# classes

  - by FigBug

  I'm using the Mate framework for Flex and communicating with a server running C#. I'm having trouble mapping C# classes to ActopnScript classes. I've got it working fine for simple classes and built in datatypes. If I have a C# method in my API that returns a API.Foo.Result what name do I use for my RemoteClass alias? Do I need to make a separate ActionScript class for each variation of the API.Foo.Result? How do I call C# method that takes a class as a parameter? Making an ActionScript class with members with the same names doesn't seem to work. What is the best way to handle C# classes that contain arrays of objects? The seem to get converted to ArrayCollections of Object. Is there a way to get them converted to an ArrayCollection of my specific class?

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• Public static ip for vagrant box

  - by Numbata

  I have server (Debian Squeeze) with 1 ethernet card and 2 public static IPs (188.120.245.4 and 188.120.244.5). What I want: Setup virtual box (Ubuntu) with access via static IP (188.120.244.5). What I was trying: config.vm.forward_port - good idea: setup interface "eth1:1" with 188.120.244.5 on host-machine, and add to Vagrant file "config.vm.forward_port = hmm..?" config.vm.network :hostonly, "188.120.244.5" - not working. Was created new interface on host-machine with ip "188.120.244.1". Of course 188.120.244.1 IP isn't mine and I can't access my server via this IP. config.vm.network :bridged - I'm confused how this works :) What I have now: Not working configuration. Debian-host-machine# cat Vagrantfile Vagrant::Config.run do |config| config.vm.define :gitlab do |box_config| box_config.vm.box = "ubuntu" box_config.vm.host_name = "ubuntu" box_config.vm.network :bridged box_config.vm.network :hostonly, "188.120.244.5", :auto_config => false end end Debian-host-machine# ifconfig eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:15:17:69:71:bb inet addr:188.120.245.4 Bcast:188.120.247.255 Mask:255.255.248.0 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 vboxnet0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 0a:00:27:00:00:00 inet addr:188.120.244.1 Bcast:188.120.246.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 Ubuntu-virtual-machine# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:ee:8d:0c inet addr:10.0.2.15 Bcast:10.0.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:45:71:87 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 How I can access virtual box via public static IP from network? I'm using Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager 4.1.18 and Vagrant version 1.0.3. Thanks in advance for your feedback.

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• How to find all Classes implemeting IDisposable?

  - by apoorv020

  I am working on a large project, and one of my tasks is to remove possible memory leaks. In my code, I have noticed several IDisposable items not being disposed of, and have fixed that. However, that leads me to a more basic question, how do I find all classes used in my project that implement IDisposable? (Not custom created classes by normal Library classes). I have already found one less-than-obvious class that implements IDisposable ( DataTable implements MarshalByValueComponent, which inherits IDisposable). Right now, I am manually checking any suspected classes by using MSDN, but isn't there some way through which I can automate this process?

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