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  • How can I store all my level data in a single file instead of spread out over many files?

    - by Jon
    I am currently generating my level data, and saving to disk to ensure that any modifications done to the level are saved. I am storing "chunks" of 2048x2048 pixels into a file. Whenever the player moves over a section that doesn't have a file associated with the position, a new file is created. This works great, and is very fast. My issue, is that as you are playing the file count gets larger and larger. I'm wondering what are techniques that can be used to alleviate the file count, without taking a performance hit. I am interested in how you would store/seek/update this data in a single file instead of multiple files efficiently.

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  • What is the use of Association, Aggregation and Composition (Encapsulation) in Classes

    - by SahilMahajanMj
    I have gone through lots of theories about what is encapsulation and the three techniques of implementing it, which are Association, Aggregation and Composition. What i found is, Encapsulation Encapsulation is the technique of making the fields in a class private and providing access to the fields via public methods. If a field is declared private, it cannot be accessed by anyone outside the class, thereby hiding the fields within the class. For this reason, encapsulation is also referred to as data hiding. Encapsulation can be described as a protective barrier that prevents the code and data being randomly accessed by other code defined outside the class. Access to the data and code is tightly controlled by an interface. The main benefit of encapsulation is the ability to modify our implemented code without breaking the code of others who use our code. With this feature Encapsulation gives maintainability, flexibility and extensibility to our code. Association Association is a relationship where all object have their own lifecycle and there is no owner. Let’s take an example of Teacher and Student. Multiple students can associate with single teacher and single student can associate with multiple teachers but there is no ownership between the objects and both have their own lifecycle. Both can create and delete independently. Aggregation Aggregation is a specialize form of Association where all object have their own lifecycle but there is ownership and child object can not belongs to another parent object. Let’s take an example of Department and teacher. A single teacher can not belongs to multiple departments, but if we delete the department teacher object will not destroy. We can think about “has-a” relationship. Composition Composition is again specialize form of Aggregation and we can call this as a “death” relationship. It is a strong type of Aggregation. Child object dose not have their lifecycle and if parent object deletes all child object will also be deleted. Let’s take again an example of relationship between House and rooms. House can contain multiple rooms there is no independent life of room and any room can not belongs to two different house if we delete the house room will automatically delete. The question is: Now these all are real world examples. I am looking for some description about how to use these techniques in actual class code. I mean what is the point for using three different techniques for encapsulation, How these techniques could be implemented and How to choose which technique is applicable at time.

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  • How can a collection class instantiate many objects with one database call?

    - by Buttle Butkus
    I have a baseClass where I do not want public setters. I have a load($id) method that will retrieve the data for that object from the db. I have been using static class methods like getBy($property,$values) to return multiple class objects using a single database call. But some people say that static methods are not OOP. So now I'm trying to create a baseClassCollection that can do the same thing. But it can't, because it cannot access protected setters. I don't want everyone to be able to set the object's data. But it seems that it is an all-or-nothing proposition. I cannot give just the collection class access to the setters. I've seen a solution using debug_backtrace() but that seems inelegant. I'm moving toward just making the setters public. Are there any other solutions? Or should I even be looking for other solutions?

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  • What is the most complicated data structure you have used in a practical situation?

    - by Fanatic23
    The germ for this question came up from a discussion I was having with couple of fellow developers from the industry. Turns out that in a lot of places project managers are wary about complex data structures, and generally insist on whatever exists out-of-the-box from standard library/packages. The general idea seems to be like use a combination of whats already available unless performance is seriously impeded. This helps keeping the code base simple, which to the non-diplomatic would mean "we have high attrition, and newer ones we hire may not be that good". So no bloom filter or skip-lists or splay trees for you CS junkies. So here's the question (again): Whats the most complicated data structure you did or used in office? Helps get a sense of how good/sophisticated real world software are.

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  • How can I protect my save data from casual hacking?

    - by Danran
    What options are there for saving game data in a secure manner? I'm interested in solutions specifically tailored for C++. I'm looking for something that is fast and easy to use. I'm only concerned about storing simple information such as Which levels are and are not unlocked The user's score for each level I'm curious again to know what's out there to use, any good libraries to use that give me nice, secure game data files that the average player can't mess with. I just found this here which looks very nice, but it would be great to get some opinions on potential other libraries/options out there.

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  • Subscribe/Publish Model in Web-based Application (c#) - Best Practices for Event Handlers

    - by KingOfHypocrites
    I was recently exposed to a desktop application that uses an publish/subscribe model to handle commands, events, etc. I can't seem to find any good examples of using this in a web application, so I wonder if I am off base in trying to use this for web based development (on the server side)? I'm using asp.net c#. My main question in regards to the design is: When using a publish/subscribe model, is it better to have generic commands/events that pass no parameters and then have the subscribers look at static context objects that contain the data relevant to the event? Or is it better to create custom arguments for every event that contain data related to the event? The whole concept of a global container seems so convenient but at the same time seems to break encapsulation. Any thoughts or best practices from anyone who has implemented this type of model in a web based application? Even suggestions on this model out of the scope of my question are appreciated.

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  • Data structures for storing finger/stylus movements in drawing application?

    - by mattja?øb
    I have a general question about creating a drawing application, the language could be C++ or ObjectiveC with OpenGL. I would like to hear what are the best methods and practices for storing strokes data. Think of the many iPad apps that allow you to draw with your finger (or a stylus) or any other similar function on a desktop app. To summarize, the data structure must: be highly responsive to the movement store precise values (close in space / time) usable for rendering the strokes with complex textures (textures based on the dynamic of the stroke etc) exportable to a text file for saving/loading

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  • What data-structure/algorithm will allow me to send a list of key/value dictionaries using the least amount of bits?

    - by user12365
    I have server objects that have corresponding client objects. The data to be kept in sync is inside the server object's key/value dictionary. To keep the client objects in sync with the sever objects, I want the server to send the key/value dictionary every frame for each object. What data-structure/algorithm will allow me to send a list of key/value dictionaries using the least amount of bits? Bonus constraint 1: For each type of object, the values of some keys change more often than others. Bonus constraint 2: Memory usage on the server side is relatively expensive.

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  • Unlock the Value of Big Data

    - by Mike.Hallett(at)Oracle-BI&EPM
    Partners should read this comprehensive new e-book to get advice from Oracle and industry leaders on how you can use big data to generate new business insights and make better decisions for your customers. “Big data represents an opportunity averaging 14% of current revenue.” —From the Oracle big data e-book, Meeting the Challenge of Big Data You’ll gain instant access to: Straightforward approaches for acquiring, organizing, and analyzing data Architectures and tools needed to integrate new data with your existing investments Survey data revealing how leading companies are using big data, so you can benchmark your progress Expert resources such as white papers, analyst videos, 3-D demos, and more If you want to be ready for the data deluge, Meeting the Challenge of Big Data is a must-read. Register today for the e-book and read it on your computer or Apple iPad.  

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  • DDD: service contains two repository

    - by tikhop
    Does it correct way to have two repository inside one service and will it be an application or domain service? Suppose I have a Passenger object that should contains Passport (government id) object. I am getting Passenger from PassengerRepository. PassengerRepository create request to server and obtain data (json) than parse received data and store inside repository. I have confused because I want to store Passport as Entity and put it to PassportRepository but all information about password contains inside json than i received above. I guess that I should create a PassengerService that will be include PassengerRepository and PassportRepository with several methods like removePassport, addPassport, getAllPassenger and etc. UPDATE: So I guess that the better way is represent Passport as VO and store all passports inside Passenger aggregate. However there is another question: Where I should put the methods (methods calls server api) for management passenger's passport. I think the better place is so within Passenger aggregate.

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  • How should I define my Java Objects?

    - by HonorGod
    I have a data grid where I sort of show the following information - All Guests Total Adults = 22 Total Children = 27 Confirmed Total Adults = 9 Total Children = 13 Country = Germany Total Adults = 5 Total Childres = 6 Friends Adults = 2 Children = 2 Relatives Adults = 3 Children = 4 Country = USA Total Adults = 4 Total Childres = 7 Friends Adults = 2 Children = 5 Relatives Adults = 2 Children = 2 Tentative Total Adults = 13 Total Children - 14 Country = Australia Total Adults = 7 Total Childres = 8 Friends Adults = 2 Children = 3 Relatives Adults = 5 Children = 5 Country = China Total Adults = 6 Total Childres = 6 Friends Adults = 2 Children = 4 Relatives Adults = 4 Children = 2 And in the database what I have is data at the lowest level which is Friends / Relatives and the corresponding countries set as a look-up value which in indirectly connected to another look-up that can tell me if they fall under confirmed or tentative. I guess my question is how do I layout my Java Object and perform the aggregations and give it back to the client. I am not sure if I am clear with my question, but feel free to comment so I can update the question accordingly.

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  • Is there a pattern to restrict which classes can update another class?

    - by Mike
    Say I have a class ImportantInfo with a public writable property Data. Many classes will read this property but only a few will ever set it. Basically, if you want to update Data you should really know what you're doing. Is there a pattern I could use to make this explicit other than by documenting it? For example, some way to enforce that only classes that implement IUpdateImportantData can do it (this is just an example)? I'm not talking about security here, but more of a "hey, are you sure you want to do that?" kind of thing.

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  • "Collection Wrapper" pattern - is this common?

    - by Prog
    A different question of mine had to do with encapsulating member data structures inside classes. In order to understand this question better please read that question and look at the approach discussed. One of the guys who answered that question said that the approach is good, but if I understood him correctly - he said that there should be a class existing just for the purpose of wrapping the collection, instead of an ordinary class offering a number of public methods just to access the member collection. For example, instead of this: class SomeClass{ // downright exposing the concrete collection. Things[] someCollection; // other stuff omitted Thing[] getCollection(){return someCollection;} } Or this: class SomeClass{ // encapsulating the collection, but inflating the class' public interface. Thing[] someCollection; // class functionality omitted. public Thing getThing(int index){ return someCollection[index]; } public int getSize(){ return someCollection.length; } public void setThing(int index, Thing thing){ someCollection[index] = thing; } public void removeThing(int index){ someCollection[index] = null; } } We'll have this: // encapsulating the collection - in a different class, dedicated to this. class SomeClass{ CollectionWrapper someCollection; CollectionWrapper getCollection(){return someCollection;} } class CollectionWrapper{ Thing[] someCollection; public Thing getThing(int index){ return someCollection[index]; } public int getSize(){ return someCollection.length; } public void setThing(int index, Thing thing){ someCollection[index] = thing; } public void removeThing(int index){ someCollection[index] = null; } } This way, the inner data structure in SomeClass can change without affecting client code, and without forcing SomeClass to offer a lot of public methods just to access the inner collection. CollectionWrapper does this instead. E.g. if the collection changes from an array to a List, the internal implementation of CollectionWrapper changes, but client code stays the same. Also, the CollectionWrapper can hide certain things from the client code - from example, it can disallow mutation to the collection by not having the methods setThing and removeThing. This approach to decoupling client code from the concrete data structure seems IMHO pretty good. Is this approach common? What are it's downfalls? Is this used in practice?

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  • Android: Having trouble creating a subclass of application to share data with multiple Activities

    - by Mike
    Hello, I just finished a couple of activities in my game and now I was going to start to wire them both up to use real game data, instead of the test data I was using just to make sure each piece worked. Since multiple Activities will need access to this game data, I started researching the best way to pass this data to my Activities. I know about using putExtra with intents, but my GameData class has quite a bit of data and not just simple key value pairs. Besides quite a few basic data types, it also has large arrays. I didn't really want to try and pass all that, unless I can pass the entire object, instead of just key/data pairs. I read the following post and thought it would be the way to go, but so far, I haven't got it to work. Android: How to declare global variables? I created a simple test app to try this method out, but it keeps crashing and my code seems to look the same as in the post above - except I changed the names. Here is the error I am getting. Can someone help me understand what I am doing wrong? 12-23 00:50:49.762: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(608): Caused by: java.lang.ClassCastException: android.app.Application It crashes on the following statement: GameData newGameData = ((GameData)getApplicationContext()); Here is my code: package mrk.examples.StaticGameData; import android.app.Application; public class GameData extends Application { private int intTest; GameData () { intTest = 0; } public int getIntTest(){ return intTest; } public void setIntTest(int value){ intTest = value; } } // My main activity package mrk.examples.StaticGameData; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; public class StaticGameData extends Activity { int intStaticTest; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); GameData newGameData = ((GameData)getApplicationContext()); newGameData.setIntTest(0); intStaticTest = newGameData.getIntTest(); Log.d("StaticGameData", "Well: IntStaticTest = " + intStaticTest); newGameData.setIntTest(1); Log.d("StaticGameData", "Well: IntStaticTest = " + intStaticTest + " newGameData: " + newGameData.getIntTest()); Intent intentNew = new Intent(this, PassData2Activity.class); startActivity (intentNew); } } // My test Activity to see if it can access the data and its previous state from the last activity package mrk.examples.StaticGameData; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; public class PassData2Activity extends Activity { @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); GameData gamedataPass = ((GameData)getApplicationContext()); Log.d("PassData2Activity", "IntTest = " + gamedataPass.getIntTest()); } } Below is the relevant portion of my manifest: <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".StaticGameData" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <activity android:name=".PassData2Activity"></activity> </application> <application android:name=".GameData" android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> </application> Thanks in advance for helping me understand why this code is crashing. Also, if you think this is just the wrong approach to let multiple activities have access to the same data, please give your suggestion. Please keep in mind that I am talking about quite a few variables and some large arrays.

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  • Best practice? iphone: sync data

    - by Andy Jacobs
    So i'm working on a project where there is data visualization. My ultimate goal is that i have a set of data shipped with the download of the iphone app. But i want it connected to a backend, that if the iphone has a connection with the internet. it can sync the changes from the backend. The syncing is no problem or the connection between the backend & the iphone. But what should i use as data storage on my iphone? what is the best way. my data is purely text and doesn't have to be secure. But it's main feature should be updating certain parts of data ( adding and deleting are not so important ) so what is the easiest (read: least time consuming development ) or the best way? sqlite? plist? ..?

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  • Explaining persistent data structures in simple terms

    - by Jason Baker
    I'm working on a library for Python that implements some persistent data structures (mainly as a learning exercise). However, I'm beginning to learn that explaining persistent data structures to people unfamiliar with them can be difficult. Can someone help me think of an easy (or at least the least complicated) way to describe persistent data structures to them? I've had a couple of people tell me that the documentation that I have is somewhat confusing. (And before anyone asks, no I don't mean persistent data structures as in persisted to the file system. Google persistent data structures if you're unclear on this.)

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  • Aging Data Structure in C#

    - by thelsdj
    I want a data structure that will allow querying how many items in last X minutes. An item may just be a simple identifier or a more complex data structure, preferably the timestamp of the item will be in the item, rather than stored outside (as a hash or similar, wouldn't want to have problems with multiple items having same timestamp). So far it seems that with LINQ I could easily filter items with timestamp greater than a given time and aggregate a count. Though I'm hesitant to try to work .NET 3.5 specific stuff into my production environment yet. Are there any other suggestions for a similar data structure? The other part that I'm interested in is aging old data out, If I'm only going to be asking for counts of items less than 6 hours ago I would like anything older than that to be removed from my data structure because this may be a long-running program.

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  • How to build a data flow?

    - by salvationishere
    I am running Visual Studio 2008, the SSIS Tutorial described on: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms167106.aspx I finished all of the tasks but am getting following errors: Error 1 Validation error. Extract Sample Currency Data: Extract Sample Currency Data: input column "CurrencyAlternateKey" (123) has lineage ID 55 that was not previously used in the Data Flow task. Lesson 1.dtsx 0 0 Error 2 Validation error. Extract Sample Currency Data SSIS.Pipeline: input column "CurrencyAlternateKey" (123) has lineage ID 55 that was not previously used in the Data Flow task. Lesson 1.dtsx 0 0 Can you tell what I need to do to make this build without errors?

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  • Data mining logs to locate a bug

    - by gooli
    I'm working on a data distribution application which receives data from a source and distributes that data to multiple target application. After successfully distributing several messages each second for 8 days, it missed a single message and did not deliver it properly to the clients. As I was looking at the logs I tried to find something there that was special for the time the miss happend - either in the data, its rate or some other condition but couldn't find anything. Is there any data mining technique I can use to identify how that specific event differs from other events?

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  • Parsing content-disposion header's filename in multipart/from-data

    - by Artyom
    Hello According to RFC, in multipart/form-data content-disposition header filename field receives as parameter HTTP quoted string - string between quites where character '\' can escape any other ascii character. Problem web browsers don't do it. IE6 sends: Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="z:\tmp\test.txt" Instead of expected Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="z:\\tmp\\test.txt" Which should be parsed as z:tmptest.txt according to rules instead of z:\tmp\test.txt. Firefox, Konqueror and Chrome don't escape " characters for example: Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename=""test".txt" Instead of expected Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="\"test\".txt" So... how would you suggest to deal with this issue?

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  • How to preserve data integrity while minimizing the transmission size

    - by user1500578
    we have sensors in the wild that send their data to a server every day via TCP/IP, either through 3G or through satellite for the physical layer. The sensors can automatically switch from one to the other depending on their location and the quality of the signal with the local 3G operator. Given that the 3G and satellite communications are very expensive, we want to minimize the amount of data to send. But also, we want to protect ourselves from lost data. What would be the best strategy to ensure with reasonable certainty that the integrity of our data is preserved, while minimizing the amount of redundancy, i.e the amount of data transmitted ? I've read about the zfec codec, but I'm not sure if we need to transmit all the chunks, or if we need to send a hash code along each chunk.

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  • Last Observation Carried Forward In a data frame?

    - by Tal Galili
    Hi all, I wish to implement a "Last Observation Carried Forward" for a data set I am working on which has missing values at the end of it. Here is a simple code to do it (question after it): LOCF <- function(x) { # Last Observation Carried Forward (for a left to right series) LOCF <- max(which(!is.na(x))) # the location of the Last Observation to Carry Forward x[LOCF:length(x)] <- x[LOCF] return(x) } # example: LOCF(c(1,2,3,4,NA,NA)) LOCF(c(1,NA,3,4,NA,NA)) Now this works great for simple vectors. But if I where to try and use it on a data frame: a <- data.frame(rep("a",4), 1:4,1:4, c(1,NA,NA,NA)) a t(apply(a, 1, LOCF)) # will make a mess It will turn my data frame into a character matrix. Can you think of a way to do LOCF on a data.frame, without turning it into a matrix? (I could use loops and such to correct the mess, but would love for a more elegant solution) Cheers, Tal

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  • Merging MySQL Structure and Data

    - by Shahid
    I have a MySQL database running on a deployment machine which also contains data. Then I have another MySQL database which has evolved in terms of STRUCTURE + DATA for some time. I need a way to merge the changes (ONLY) for both structure and data to the DB in deployment machine without disturbing the existing data. Does anyone know of a tool available which can do this safely. I have had a look at a few comparison tools but I need a tool which can automate the merge operation. Note also that most of the data in the tables is in BINARY so I can't use many file comparison tools. Does any one know of a solution to this? thanks

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  • JavaScript data grid for millions of rows

    - by Rudiger
    I need to present millions of rows of data to users in a grid using JavaScript. I don't want the user thinking about viewing finite pieces of data; it should appear that all of the data is available. Rather than downloading all the data at once, small chunks are downloaded as the user comes to them (by scrolling, keying in row numbers, searching). The rows will not be edited through this front end, so read-only answers are acceptable. What JavaScript data grids are best for this kind of seamless paging?

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  • Advice on simple efficient way to store web form data when no db/auth required

    - by ted776
    Hi, I have a situation where I need to provide an efficient way to process and store comments submitted via a web form. I would normally use PHP and either MySQL or XML to store the data, but this is slightly different in that this web form will only be temporarily available in a closed LAN environment, and all i need to do is process the form data and store it a format which can be accessed by another application on the LAN (Adobe Director). Each request made by the Director app should pop the stack of data. I'm wondering how best to store the data for this type of situation as it's not something I would normally do. I'm thinking possibly storing the data in an XML file, but any advice would be great!

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